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Journal articles on the topic 'Nasunin'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Ichiyanagi, Takashi, Norihiko Terahara, M. Mamunur Rahman, and Tetsuya Konishi. "Gastrointestinal Uptake of Nasunin, Acylated Anthocyanin in Eggplant." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, no. 15 (July 2006): 5306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf060238s.

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2

HAYASHI, Kazuya, Hiroko SHINAGAWA, Atsuko SUZUKI, and Akio TSUKUI. "Photo-Isomerization of the Nasunin, the Major Eggplant Anthocyanins." Food Science and Technology International, Tokyo 4, no. 1 (1998): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fsti9596t9798.4.25.

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3

Noda, Yasuko, Takao Kneyuki, Kiharu Igarashi, Akitane Mori, and Lester Packer. "Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels." Toxicology 148, no. 2-3 (August 2000): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x.

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4

Itoh, Kazuko, Satomi Akutsu, Tsuneo Watanabe, Xiaonan Xie, Wataru Komatsu, Fumiaki Yoshizawa, and Yasushi Uda. "Evaluation of Contribution of Nasunin to ORAC Value and Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity of Nasunin-containing Powder Obtained from Spent Eggplant Pre-pickling Solution." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 64, no. 1 (2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.64.43.

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5

Matsubara, Kiminori, Takao Kaneyuki, Tsuyoshi Miyake, and Masaharu Mori. "Antiangiogenic Activity of Nasunin, an Antioxidant Anthocyanin, in Eggplant Peels." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 16 (August 2005): 6272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf050796r.

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6

Dwijayanti, Ira. "THE EFFECT OF EGGPLANT JUICE TO THE THICKNESS OF AORTIC WALL IN WHITE RAT." Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi 20, no. 2 (October 2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/jtpg.v20i2.3174.

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Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids within arterial walls. Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), an anthocyanin, was isolated as purple-colored crystals from eggplant peels. Nasunin protection against induced lipid peroxidation in rat. The aim of study was to determine the effect of eggplant juice to the thickness of aortic wall of white rat with atherogenic diet. This true experimental laboratoric study using control group post test design performed in white rat that placed in pharmacologic laboratory of Brawijaya University. Sampling was carried out by completely random sampling with 25 rats for the total sample. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 16. Statistical test using one-way ANOVA and continuing with post hoc Tukey. The result showed there was a significant effect between positive control of diet atherogenic with the dosage I (1,3 gr/3 ml), dosage II (2,6 gr/3 ml), and dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml) of eggplant juice to aorta wall thickness (p=0,000;p<0,05) . We can conclude that the effective dosage of eggplant juice for reducing the progression of aortic wall thickening is dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml).

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7

Hashimoto, Kei, Tomomi Koharazawa, Kazuko Itoh, Satomi Akutsu, Takahiro Oyama, Tsuneo Watanabe, Kimii Yamazaki, et al. "Preparation of a Natural Pigment Ingredient Containing Nasunin from Eggplant Peel." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 60, no. 10 (2013): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.60.589.

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8

Kayamori, Fumio, and Kiharu Igarashi. "Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 58, no. 3 (January 1994): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.570.

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9

Mamedov, M. I., O. N. Pyshnaya, H. A. Shmykova, and V. M. Verba. "Anthocyanin content in eggplant breeding lines selected in VNISSOK under condition of hydroponic small-size cultivation." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2009-3-37-42.

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Fruit color of eggplants is one of the most important traits. In the fruit peel several anthocyanins were identified. It was shown that in fruits of Japanese accessions the basic an anthocyanin was delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl rutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), while other accessions contained tulipanin (delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside). The breeding lines for hydroponic small-size cultivation that was selected by researchers from VNISSOK contained 0,021-0,2l7 grams of anthocyanin per kilogram.

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10

SUGIMOTO, Eiko, Kiharu IGARASHI, and Asako TAKENAKA. "Preventive Effect of Dietary Nasunin on Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats." Food Science and Technology Research 9, no. 1 (2003): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.9.94.

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11

KIMURA, Yuriko, Yumi ARAKI, Asako TAKENAKA, and Kiharu IGARASHI. "Protective Effects of Dietary Nasunin on Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress in Rats." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 63, no. 5 (January 1999): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.63.799.

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12

IGARASHI, Kiharu, Tetsuya YOSHIDA, and Etuko SUZUKI. "Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja')." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 40, no. 2 (1993): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138.

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13

Casati, Lavinia, Francesca Pagani, Pier Carlo Braga, Roberto Lo Scalzo, and Valeria Sibilia. "Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress." Journal of Functional Foods 23 (May 2016): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007.

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14

Itoh, Kazuko, Satomi Akutsu, Takahiro Oyama, Tsuneo Watanabe, Kimii Yamazaki, Fuminori Kakubari, Syuichi Yosinari, Kazuyoshi Arai, Kei Hashimoto, and Yasushi Uda. "Preparation of Antioxidative Powder Containing Nasunin and Chlorogenic Acid from Liquid Waste of Brined Eggplant." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 60, no. 1 (2013): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.60.30.

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15

Kitsuda, Koji, Masakazu Irie, Takashi Nakamura, Youichi Inno, Terumi Nishioka, and Hiromi Tsuji. "Estimation of Nasunin Content in the Skin of Eggplant 'Mizunasu' Fruits by Nondestructive and Rapid Method." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI 50, no. 6 (2003): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.50.261.

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16

Anbuselvi, S., Sravanthi Sistla M. A. Nikhil Kumar, and Roshini Esther. "Extraction of Nasunin from Different Colored Egg Plant Peels and its Phytochemical Screening by GC-MS." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, no. 6 (2019): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2019.00485.2.

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17

Itoh, Kazuko. "Development of Nasunin Recovery Method from Spent Eggplant Pre-pickling Solution and Manufacture Method of Pulverized Material." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 66, no. 9 (September 15, 2019): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.66.327.

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18

Naeem, Muhammad Yasir, and Senay Ugur. "Nutritional Content and Health Benefits of Eggplant." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7 (December 29, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp3.31-36.3146.

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Vegetables supply various minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers along with important phytochemicals that plays a major contribution in our balance diets and nutrition. Each vegetable contain a unique amount of various nutrients that are strongly linked with the protection of different health diseases. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a nonwoody annual plant with purple to white flowers along with enlarged lobed leaves with bushy foliage that grows with maximum height of 120cm. Eggplant is mainly grown for vegetables and medicinal purposes. The phytochemical analysis of eggplant shows that it is the rich source of various essential compounds aspartic acid, tropane, flavonoids, lanosterol, gramisterol, steroid alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, histidine, nasunin, oxalic acid, solasodine, ascorbic acid and tryptophan that are present in fruits and leaves. It also contains low calories and high moisture contents. These compounds were found helpful in the cure of various diseases like cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-platelet hypo-lipidemic, and hypotensive etc. Today most modern scientific techniques are available to cure different various health problems but still majority of population across the globe depends upon the traditional herbal medicines and practices. This review mainly explains nutritional content, medicinal and health benefits of S. melongena

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19

Itoh, Kazuko, Satomi Akutsu, Tsuneo Watanabe, Fumiaki Yoshizawa, and Yasushi Uda. "Improved Water-solubility and Decreased Acetate-odor of a Cyclodextrin-treated Nasunin-containing Powder Obtained from Spent Eggplant Pre-pickling Solution." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 62, no. 4 (2015): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.62.201.

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20

Ichiyanagi, Takashi, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Yasuo Shida, Yasumasa Ikeshiro, Takao Kaneyuki, and Tetsuya Konishi. "Nasunin from Eggplant Consists of Cis−Trans Isomers of Delphinidin 3-[4-(p-Coumaroyl)-l-rhamnosyl (1→6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 24 (November 2005): 9472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf051841y.

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21

Florio, Francesco Elia, Stefano Gattolin, Laura Toppino, Laura Bassolino, Marta Fibiani, Roberto Lo Scalzo, and Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino. "A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179174.

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Eggplant berries are rich in anthocyanins like delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) and nasunin (NAS), which are accumulated at high amounts in the peel. NAS is derived by D3R through acylation and glycosylation steps. The presence of D3R or NAS is usually associated with black-purple or lilac fruit coloration of the most cultivated varieties, respectively. Building on QTL mapping position, a candidate gene approach was used to investigate the involvement of a BAHD anthocyanin acyltransferase (SmelAAT) in determining anthocyanin type. The cDNA sequence comparison revealed the presence of a single-base deletion in D3R-type line ‘305E40’ (305E40_aat) with respect to the NAS-type reference line ‘67/3’. This is predicted to cause a frame shift mutation, leading to a loss of SmelAAT function and, thus, D3R retention. RT-qPCR analyses confirmed SmelAAT and 305E40_aat expression during berry maturation. In D3R-type lines, ‘305E40’ and ‘DR2’, overexpressing the functional SmelAAT allele from ‘67/3’, the transcript levels of the transgene correlated with the accumulation of NAS in fruit peel. Furthermore, it was also found a higher expression of the transcript for glucosyltransferase Smel5GT1, putatively involved with SmelAAT in the last steps of anthocyanin decoration. Finally, an indel marker matching with anthocyanin type in the ‘305E40’ × ’67/3’ segregating population was developed and validated in a wide number of accessions, proving its usefulness for breeding purposes.

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22

Komatsu, Wataru, Kazuko Itoh, Satomi Akutsu, Hisashi Kishi, and Shuji Ohhira. "Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 81, no. 10 (August 16, 2017): 1956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973.

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23

Cipta, Samudra Eka. "Learning From Personality A.H. Nasution: Starting from Glory to Getting Out of the Political and Military Stage in Indonesia." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v1i1.6.

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General Abdul Haris Nasution is a national hero who has been educated from the military. Starting from being the Commander of the KNIL (Dutch East Indies Army) to becoming Minister of Internal Defense. Nasution once served as Commander of the Siliwangi Military Command. Nasution was very true of the military world. Nasution had been the target of murder from the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party). However, Nasution escaped death until he suffered minor injuries and legs. Nasution was also entrusted as Chair of the MPRS (Provisional People's Consultative Assembly). When Soekarno was confronted by Mahmilub (Extraordinary Court) by reading Pel-Nakwasara (Complementary Nakwasara) which contained about the pledoi for his defense efforts related to the G 30 S (September 30, 1965). Nasution, who was then chairman of the MPRS, refused the pledoi and immediately replaced Suharto as president. The New Order period lasted for 32 years Nasution's fate became increasingly tragic. Nasution was withdrawn from military service by Soeharto when it was proven in the Petition Objection 50 which was signed by several former generals and officers loyal to Sukarno to criticize Suharto's policies at that time. This researchs uses historical research methods, in this study aims to study more deeply about the figure of Abdul Haris Nasution began his career as a military until the end of the tragic as a retired soldier. The problem in this research is 1) How is the initial gait of A.H. Nasution? 2) How was Abdul Haris Nasution's role in defending Indonesia's independence 3) how Nasution's relationship with Sukarno and Suharto.

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24

Pakpahan, Mangaramot Justisiano, and Budi Hartanto Susilo. "STUDI WAKTU PERJALANAN DAN TUNDAAN DENGAN APLIKASI VISSIM PADA RUAS JALAN A.H. NASUTION." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v17i2.2880.

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A.H Nasution Street is one of the primary arterial roads that connect between Cileunyi to East Bandung. East Bandung region is one of the areas that chosen by people at Bandung to settle. Therefore during rush hour there is congestion at A.H Nasution Street. The goal of this research is to identify vehicle travel time on A.H Nasution Street, and evaluate each intersection that is one of the major delays on A.H Nasution Street and provide alternative solutions using PTV Vissim. The road sections that reviewed ini this research started from the A.H nasution – Ahmad Yani Intersection until Ditbintekjatan, (Direktorat Bina Teknik Jalan dan Jembatan) with data collection time on Monday, 9th Mar 2020 at 06.00 am – 07.00 am. The existing analysis on A.H Nasution street from West to East has LoS F with vehicle travel time taken for 22 minutes 10 seconds with a delay of 410 seconds, while from East to West has LoS F with vehicle travel time taken for 23 minutes 47 seconds with a delay of 345 seconds. If repairs are made by widening the lane at Sta (0+000) – Sta (0+500) and the the prohibition of turning right at each unsignalized intersection on the section that reviewed, the A.H Nasution street from West to East has a LoS C with vehicle travel time faster with a shorter delay, while from East to West has a LoS D with vehicle travel time faster with a shorter delay.

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Pakpahan, Mangaramot Justisiano, and Budi Hartanto Susilo. "STUDI WAKTU PERJALANAN DAN TUNDAAN DENGAN APLIKASI VISSIM PADA RUAS JALAN A.H. NASUTION." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v17i2.2880.

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A.H Nasution Street is one of the primary arterial roads that connect between Cileunyi to East Bandung. East Bandung region is one of the areas that chosen by people at Bandung to settle. Therefore during rush hour there is congestion at A.H Nasution Street. The goal of this research is to identify vehicle travel time on A.H Nasution Street, and evaluate each intersection that is one of the major delays on A.H Nasution Street and provide alternative solutions using PTV Vissim. The road sections that reviewed ini this research started from the A.H nasution – Ahmad Yani Intersection until Ditbintekjatan, (Direktorat Bina Teknik Jalan dan Jembatan) with data collection time on Monday, 9th Mar 2020 at 06.00 am – 07.00 am. The existing analysis on A.H Nasution street from West to East has LoS F with vehicle travel time taken for 22 minutes 10 seconds with a delay of 410 seconds, while from East to West has LoS F with vehicle travel time taken for 23 minutes 47 seconds with a delay of 345 seconds. If repairs are made by widening the lane at Sta (0+000) – Sta (0+500) and the the prohibition of turning right at each unsignalized intersection on the section that reviewed, the A.H Nasution street from West to East has a LoS C with vehicle travel time faster with a shorter delay, while from East to West has a LoS D with vehicle travel time faster with a shorter delay.

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26

., Salman, and Pristi Suhendro. "PERAN MUSTHAFA HUSEIN AL MANDILI DI PESANTREN MUSTHAFAWIYAH PURBA BARU (1915-1955)." Puteri Hijau : Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ph.v5i1.18247.

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ABSTRAK Penelitian yang berjudul Peran Musthafa Husein Al- Mandili di Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peran Musthafa Husein Al-Mandili Di Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru 1912-1955. Kemudian, untuk mengetahui hambatan Musthafa Hesein Al Mandili dalam mendirikan Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru. Terahir, untuk mengetahui yang dilakukan Musthafa Husein Al Mandili untuk melanjutkan regenerasi kepemimpinan di Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sejarah yang dikaji melalui empat tahapan yaitu, heuritik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Peneliti melakukan penelitian buku (field research) melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Purba Baru, Kecamatan Lembah Sorik Marapi, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Kode Pos 22952. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam kepemimpinan Syekh Musthafa Husein Nasution dimulai dari tahun 1912-1955 dengan jumlah santri 450 orang dan sarana / prasarana 9 lokal. Setelah Syekh Musthafa Husein meninggal, Kepemimpin Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah diwariskan kepada anak dan cucunya yaitu : 1) Kepemimpinan Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru dilanjutkan oleh anaknya yang bernama H.Abdullah Musthafa Nasution. Di masa kepemimpinan H. Abdollah Musthafa Nasution Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat dengan jumlah santri 8.500 orang dari tahun 1955-1995, 2) Setelah H. Abdullah Musthafa Nasution meninggal dunia estafet kepemimpinan Pondok Pesantren Musthawaiyah Purba Baru dilanjutkan oleh adik kandung beliau Drs. H. Abdul Kholik Nasution yang juga merupakan putra Syekh Musthafa Husein Nasution Pendiri Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru, dan beliau memimpin Pondok Pesantren Mustfawiyah Purba Baru mulai tahun 1955-2003 dengan jum,lah santri 6.300 orang, 3) Kepemimpinan Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru dilanjutkan oleh cucu Syekh Musthafa Husein yaitu H. Mustafa Bakri Nasution yang merupakan putra dari H. Abdollah Musthafa Nasution, pada tahun 2003 sampai sekarang dengan jumlah santri 11.501 orang. Beliau mengikuti jejak ayahandanya yaitu dengan berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk melanjutkan pembangunan Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru di segala bidang.Kata kunci : Musthafa Husein Al-Mandili, Pesantren Musthafawiyah

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27

Muh. Subhan Ashari. "Teologi Islam Persepektif Harun Nasution." AN NUR: Jurnal Studi Islam 12, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37252/an-nur.v12i1.82.

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Artikel ini menjelaskan pandangan Harun Nasution atas sejarah dan pergolakan pemikiran dalam teologi Islam. Dalam buku “Teologi Islam” Harun Nasution melihat teologi Islam yang diajarkan di Indonesia pada umumnya adalah teologi dalam format ilmu tauhid yang kurang mendalam dan kurang filosofis. Selain itu, teologi Islam yang diajarkan adalah teologi Asy’ariyyah, sehingga timbul kesan di kalangan sementara umat Islam Indonesia bahwa inilah satu-satunya teologi yang ada dalam agama Islam. Dalam buku tersebut Harun Nasution membagi dua bagian. Pertama, Harun Nasution berusaha menjelaskan sejarah timbulnya persoalan-persoalan dalam teologi Islam. Kedua, ia mencoba memberikan analisa dan perbandingan di antara aliran-aliran yang ada dalam Ilmu Kalam. Terakhir, ia mecoba membandingkan fungsi akal dan wahyu antara mazhab Muktazilah dan Asy’ariyyah.

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Amin, Saidul. "HARUN NASUTION (Sebuah Biografi Intelektual)." TAJDID : Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman dan Ushuluddin 16, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/tajdid.v16i1.158.

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Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam di Indonesia lazimnya dilakukan oleh organisasi, sepertiMuhammadiyah, NU, Persis, al-Irsyad dan lainnya. Bisa juga melalui kelompok tertentu, sepertiGerakan Kaum Muda di Minangkabau. Namun Harun Nasution tampil berbeda. Dia mampumelukis, mewarnai dan memberi corak baru dalam kanvas perubahan dan pembaharuan pemikiranIslam di Indonesia. Tampil tanpa organisasi dan kelompok namun mampu melahirkan nuansa baruyang signifikan. Siapa sesungguhnya Harun Nasution? Tulisan ini mencoba menapaktilasibiografi inteletual tokoh kontroversi ini.

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29

Dinata, Syaiful. "Pemikiran Harun Nasution (Religius-Rasional) Tentang Pendidikan Islam." An-Nida' 45, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v45i2.16535.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemikiran Harun Nasution (Religius-Rasional) tentang pendidikan Islam. Metode penelitian yang penulis lakukan ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research (studi pustaka). Sumber data berasal dari buku dan jurnal ilmiah yang membahas tentang Pemikiran Harun Nasution (Religius-Rasional) Tentang Pendidikan Islam. Berdasarkan hasil kesimpulan bahwa Harun Nasution menggunakan istilah “Islam Rasional” tetapi tetap mempunyai tujuan yang sama, yaitu perlunya mengkaji kembali ajaran-ajaran Islam dengan menggunakan nalar rasional yang Islamis, agar umat Islam dapat merespon dan menjawab seiring perubahan globalisasi dan perubahan zaman serta mampu mengejar ketertinggalan. Kemudian pendidikan Islam menurut pemikiran Harun Nasution bisa dipandang dan diterapkan kedalam ruang lingkup agama, dengan menggunakan dasar-dasar religius menjadikan pendidikan lebih mendapatkan banyak ruang untuk mempelajari ajaran penyembahan tuhan dengan tidak melupakan ajaran akademik pada zaman sekarang ini.

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30

HIDAYATULLAH, MUHAMMAD. "STUDI KRITIS TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN HARUN NASUTION TENTANG SUMBER HUKUM ISLAM AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS." Jurnal Bina Ummat: Membina dan Membentengi Ummat 1, no. 01 (March 4, 2018): 73–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.38214/jurnalbinaummatstidnatsir.v1i01.19.

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Tujuan penelitian: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap pemikiran Harun Nasution tentang sumber hukum Islam Al-Qur’an dan Hadits. Metode penelitian: Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian : Terdapat kekeliruan pada pemikiran-pemikiran Harun Nasution tentang sumber hukum dalam Islam, yakni al-Qur’ān dan hadīts. Demikian juga terdapat kekeliruan pada pemikiran-pemikiran Harun Nasution di dalam menggambarkan perbedaan pendapat para ulama seputar sumber-sumber hukum di dalam Islam. Sehingga menimbulkan image dari apa yang beliau sampaikan itu bahwasanya sumber-sumber hukum di dalam Islam bukanlah sesuatu yang baku.

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31

FERRIS, CLIFFORD D. "A new species of Nasusina Pearsall from Colorado (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Eupitheciini)." Zootaxa 467, no. 1 (March 19, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa467.1.1.

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Nasusina vallis, new speices, is described from Mesa Co., Colorado and compared with its apparent closest relative Nasusina inferior Hulst. The adults and male and female genitalia of both species are illustrated, along with pertinent head and leg structures.

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Mukhetdinov, D. V. "The Reception of Egyptian Modernism in Indonesia: Harun Nasution on Theology of Muhammad Abduh." Islam in the modern world 16, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2020-16-3-49-64.

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In the present article we are going look at the interpretation of the theology of Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) undertaken by the Indonesian scholar Harun Nasution (1919–1998). Nasution compares Abduh’s position to neo- Mutazilism, relying on the treatise “Risālah al- Tawḥid”. Nasution carries out a step-by-step interpretation of the most popular “exoteric” work of the Egyptian thinker, proving the rationalist character of his theological system. From the point of view of Nasution, the division of the human race into the elect and commoners characteristic of Abduh is intended to confi rm the special ontological status of people endowed with high culture and advanced intellectual abilities. The elect are able to comprehend the entire area of intelligible being, which includes both God with his attributes and the created world. From this follows the limited, confi rmatory character of Revelation. It does not so much reveal to people a hitherto unfamiliar truth as confi rms (legitimizes) the knowledge already available to the Elect. Nasution believes that Abduh’s views on human freedom and divine justice are in confl ict with Asharism. Man is the source of his own actions, he is given the freedom to independently determine his own destiny. Allah Almighty rules the world through the eternal laws of nature, sunan, and prefers not to interfere in the aff airs of people directly, although he is interested in their welfare. The article concludes with critical remarks challenging the interpretive model proposed by Nasution and other neoMutazilite scholars of Abduh.

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Syakur, Abdus. "POLEMIK HARUN NASUTION DAN H.M. RASJIDI DALAM MISTISISME ISLAM." ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ua.v19i2.5530.

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Harun Nasution is known as a pioneer of academic Islamic studies in Indonesia, including the study of Islamic mysticism. However, H.M. Rasjidi criticized Harun Nasution. H.M. Rasijidi by assuming his views deviate from Islamic teachings. Based on this polemic, this paper focused on two main topics. First, the problem of legitimacy of Islamic mysticism. Second, al-ittiḥâd. This paper used a descriptive-analysis method with reference to the works of Harun Nasution and H.M. Rasjidi as primary data. Then, the data is compared by referring to supporting references to analyze their views further. This paper shows two conclusions according to the focus of this paper. First, H.M. Rasjidi considers that Islamic mysticism is not in accordance with Islamic teachings, because it emphasizes the aspects of influence from outside Islam. While, Harun Nasution viewed mysticism as an important aspect of Islam, because it was considered to have a strong source from the al-Qur’ân dan Ḥadîth. Second, Harun Nasution views that al-ittiḥâd is the main goal of Islamic mysticism which philosophically describes the bond of servants to God. While, H.M. Rasjidi rejects the concept of al-ittiḥâd and is deemed deviating from Islamic teachings because it is considered to equate God with beings.

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Nst, Rabiah Al-Husna, Sri Manda, Puli Taslim Nst, and Khofifah Indah Al-Husna. "PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN TAHFIDZUL QUR’AN DI ASRAMA TAHFIDZ H. ABDULLAH MUSTHAFA NASUTION PONDOK PESANTREN MUSTHAFAWIYAH PURBA BARU MANDAILING NATAL." Devotion: Journal Corner of Community Service 1, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54012/devotion.v1i3.111.

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Latar belakang masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah santri di Asrama Tahfidz H. Abdullah Musthafa Nasution Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru Mandailing Natal, menghafal Al-Qur’an dikhususkan pada kelas 1-6 (Wustha dan Ulya) saja dalam jangka 3 tahun ditargetkan selesai 30 juz. Namun tidak sedikit para santri yang belum bisa memenuhi target yang ditetapkan oleh pihak sekolah. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pelaksanaan Tahfidzul Qur’an di Asrama Tahfidz H. Abdullah Musthafa Nasution Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru, Apa saja problematika pelaksanaan tahfidzul Qur’an dan apa saja upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi problematika pelaksanaan tahfidzul Qur’an di Asrama Tahfidz H. Abdullah Musthafa Nasution Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru. Sedangkan tujuannya adalah Mengetahui pelaksaan tahfidzul Qur’an di Asrama Tahfidz H. Abdullah Musthafa Nasution Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru, mengetahui apa saja problematika pelaksanaan tahfidzul dan untuk mengetahui apa saja upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi problematika pelaksanaan tahfidzul tahfidzul Qur’an di Asrama Tahfidz H. Abdullah Musthafa Nasution Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data dengan triangulasi sumber data. Teknik analisis data yakni dengan memaparkan penelitian ini apa adanya serta menarik kesimpulan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis.

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Yanti, Depi. "Konsep Akal dalam Perspektif Harun Nasution." INTELEKTUALITA 6, no. 1 (July 5, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/intelektualita.v6i1.1300.

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Akal merupakan bukti kesempurnaan penciptaan manusia oleh Allah Swt. daripada makhluk yang lainnya. Dengan akal, manusia dapat membedakan hal yang baik dan buruk, membaca fenomena sosial dan alam, dan fungsi lainnya. Konsep Akal dalam Perspektif Harun Nasution ingin memberikan pengertian yang sebenarnya tentang akal. dan kedudukan akal itu sendiri, dan bagaimana fungsi wahyu sebenarnya. Dengan menegakkan Agama Islam yang benar, Harun Nasution berupaya bagaimana masyarakat dapat memakai akal nya sesuai tuntunan Islam yang sebenarnya. Sehingga dapat menafsirkan Al-Qur’an secara rasional, tidak memandang Islam sesempit apa yang masyarakat pikirkan. Kemudian dalam penerapannya dapat memberikan kontribusi yang bermanfaat dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia.

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Syafi'ah, Syafi'ah, and Muh Said HM. "PEMIKIRAN HARUN NASUTION TENTANG PENDIDIKAN MORAL." Zawiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/zjpi.v7i1.2530.

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Crouch, Harold, C. L. M. Penders, and Ulf Sundhaussen. "Abdul Haris Nasution. A Political Biography." Pacific Affairs 59, no. 4 (1986): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2758581.

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Damanik, Dennis David Immanuel, Heri Kusmanto, and Hatta Ridho. "Analisis Faktor Kemenangan Pasangan Bobby Nasution & Aulia Rachman pada Pemilihan Walikota Medan." PERSPEKTIF 11, no. 4 (October 25, 2022): 1519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v11i4.6699.

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This article aims to examine the implementation of the 2020 regional head election in Medan City, with the election of Bobby Nasution and Aulia Rachman as mayor and deputy mayor of Medan, the people waiting for promises and solutions for the city of Medan. As the youngest Candidate for Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Medan City, of course there are several factors that became the reason for the people to choose Bobby Nasution – Aulia Rachman as mayor and deputy mayor. It is interesting to study, especially from the voting behavior of the people of the city of Medan in 2020 in selecting the Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Medan. The reason is that the election of the Bobby Nasution-Aulia Rachman pair in the 2020 Medan City Election cannot be separated from how they as a candidate pair attract the public's interest. There are many assumptions that take into account the technicalities and how voters give their choice to the winner of the Medan City Election. The purpose of this study is the Factors Affecting People's Choices in the Victory of the Bobby Nasution - Aulia Rachman Couple in the 2020 Medan Mayor Election. This research method is a qualitative research with descriptive analysis. The results of this study are the presence of voting behavior, appropriate personal branding for the couple Bobby Nasution and Aulia Rachman and motivation.

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Lakusic, Stjepan. "Reference water levels for the design of dykes and earthfill dams." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 70, no. 3 (April 2018): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.2093.2017.

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Nasution, Hambali Alman. "RELEVANSI PENDIDIKAN PERSPEKTIF HARUN NASUTION (RELIGIUS-RASIONAL) DENGAN DUNIA MODERN." Al-Riwayah : Jurnal Kependidikan 12, no. 2 (September 13, 2020): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v12i2.280.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemikiran Harun Nasution dalam pendidikan dan relevansinya dengan dunia modern. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan pengumpulan data dokumentasi dan analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Harun Nasution dikenal memiliki keahlian dalam bidang teologi dan filsafat yang bercorak rasional dan liberal. Islam rasional adalah Islam yang dalam menjelaskan ajaran-ajarannya tidak hanya mengandalkan pendapat wahyu, tetapi juga mengikutsertakan akal pikiran. Implikasi pemikiran pendidikan Harun Nasution terhadap dunia modern yaitu terlihat dari proses menjadikan IAIN Jakarta sebagai pusat studi pemikiran Islam dan pendidikan moral di semua apsek pendidikan yang lebih diutamakan. Dan dengan pemahaman agama yang rasional maka akan dapat berfikir secara rasioanal dalam menyikapi masalah umat manusia dan pemahamanya.

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Pratiwi, Fina, Wahyu Sumarno, and Yanti Defiana. "EVALUASI DAN PEMODELAN SISTEM DRANASE MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM EPA SWMM 5.1 DI JALAN AH. NASUTION KOTA TASIKMALAYA." SEMINAR TEKNOLOGI MAJALENGKA (STIMA) 6 (November 17, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/stima.v6i0.733.

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Tasikmalaya is a city that has problems with drainage channels. The location of area from this city that is often to a flood point is AH Nasution Street, Mangkubumi. The largest height of the flood is 50 cm with longest duration of flooding after the flood is started . The purpose of this research is to find out condition of the drainage channel of AH Nasution Street, Mangkubumi, length of drainage is 800 m. The study research using EPA SWMM 5.1 and to find the effective drainage to deal with frequent floods. The results of this research can be concluded that the condition of the channel on AH. Nasution street needs to be repaired, the drainage of this channels is overflow. After the simulation running there are 12 drainage channels that experience overflow and the the largest discharge is at the point of the outfalls 2 (SP.2) with 0.850 m3 / sec. On the channel of drainage AH Nasution Street was calculate to redesigned 2 types of drainage. The typical dimensions with calculation results formula is b = 1 m and H = 1.07 m and the outfalls drainage channel is b = 1 m and H = 1.33 m.

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Hidayat, Muhammad Husnol. "HARUN NASUTION DAN PEMBAHARUAN PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM." TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 10, no. 1 (November 5, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/jpi.v10i1.636.

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Amir, Ahmad nabil. "Pengaruh Rasionalisme Abduh dalam pemikiran Harun Nasution." Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman 8, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v8i1.248.

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Kertas ini cuba menguraikan kesan-kesan penting dan berpengaruh dari prinsip dan filsafat rasional al-Shaykh al-Imam Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905) terhadap teologi pemikiran Harun Nasution (1919-1998). Kesan ini diperlihatkan dalam karya-karya penting Harun Nasution seperti “Kaum Mu‘tazilah dan Pandangan Rasionalanya” [The Mu‘tazilah and Rational Philosophy] (diterjemahkan dalam Defenders of Reason in Islam oleh Martin et al), Muhammad Abduh dan Teologi Rasional Mu‘tazilah [Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 1987] (intisari dari tesis doktoralnya yang berpengaruh “The Place of Reason in Abduh’s Theology: Its Impact On His Theological System And Views”) yang melacak dua karya monumental Abduh Risalah al-Tawhid dan Hashiyah ‘ala Sharh al-Dawwani li al-‘Aqa’id al-‘Adudiyyah. Ia menzahirkan kekuatan pengaruh Abduh dan pandangan dunia rasionalnya dalam pemikiran Harun Nasution. Dengan usaha Harun membawa faham rasionalisme Islam dan prinsip nalar mu‘tazilah ini ke dalam ranah masyarakat yang masih terpuruk dengan faham konservatif yang tebal beliau ditentang keras oleh ulama-ulama ortodoks yang radikal yang menyangkal paham dan ideologi mu‘tazilah dan teologi liberal yang dibawanya. Tulisan ini cuba melacak kesan dari usaha Harun dalam mengembangkan ide kebebasan dan prinsip tawhid yang digagaskan Abduh dan pengaruhnya dalam sejarah moden Indonesia serta sikap umum dalam menanggapi dan merespon keabsahan fikiran dan idealisme yang dilontarkan yang dianggap mengancam dan menggugat aqidah Asya‘irah.

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Siregar, Siti Hairani, and Asyari Hasan. "PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI MENURUT SYEKH MUSTHAFA HUSEIN NASUTION." An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 156–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/an.v8i1.3611.

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ABSTRAK: Penelitiaan yang berjudul Pemikiran Ekonomi Menurut Syekh Musthafa Husein Nasution ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemikiran ekonomi menurut Syekh Musthafa Husein, seorang ulama Indonesia dan pendiri Pondok Pesantren Musthafiwayah Purba Baru. Keberadaan pesantren Mustahafawiyah di tengah masyarakat desa Purba Baru telah memebrikan dampak yang sangat baik bagi perekonomian masyarakat sekitar dan desa ini menjadi dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Sebagai ulama dan tokoh di Mandailing Natal (Sumatera Utara), konsep-konsep dan pemikiran yang beliau bangun ternyata tidak hanya sebatas keagamaan saja, tetapi telah meluas pada aspek kehidupan masyarakat dan bangsa, seperti dalam pertanian, politik, dan ekonomi.

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Ross, Lawrence. "Tulila: Muzik Bujukan Mandailing by Edi Nasution." Asian Music 45, no. 1 (2014): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/amu.2013.0022.

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Damayanti, Iwel Septia, Buchari Nurdin, and Muhammad Kosim. "Peranan Syekh Musthafa Husein Nasution dalam Mengembangkan Pendidikan Islam di Tapanuli Selatan pada Abad Ke-XX." Tarikhuna: Journal of History and History Education 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/thje.v3i2.3450.

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Artikel ini menjelaskan dari suatu masalah yaitu masyarakat Tanobato dan sekitar Tapanuli Selatan masih jauh dari ilmu pengetahuan agama, muncullah Syekh Musthafa Husein Nasution yang ingin mendidik masyarakat agar memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Syekh Musthafa Husein Nasution lahir pada tahun 1886 M/1303 H di desa Tanobato, dari pasangan Haji Husein Nasution dan Haji Halimah diberi nama Muhammad Yatim. Waktu kecil ia di didik dan dibesarkan oleh keluarganya sendiri. Pada usia 7 tahun dimasukkan oleh ayahnya ke Sekolah Rakyat (Volk School) Kayulaut. Setelah selesai di jenjang pendidikan tersebut Muhammad Yatim belajar kepada Syekh Abdul Hamid.Karena orang tuanya lebih cenderung untuk belajar agama kepada Syekh Abdul Hamid.Melihat kemauan yang keras dan keiinginannya untuk mendalami agama Islam, gurunya (Syekh Abdul Hamid) menganjurkan untuk belajar ke Makkah.Hal ini sesuai dengan harapan orang tuanya (Haji Husein).Muhammad Yatim berangkat ke Makkah pada bulan Rajab 1319 H (1900 M). Pada tahun 1912 kembali dari Makkah ke Purbabaru mendirikan madrasah yang diberi nama Madrasah Musthafawiyah.

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Wu, Wei, Lingzhi Huang, Qianzhuo Mao, Jing Wei, Jiajia Li, Yu Zhao, Qian Zhang, Dongsheng Jia, and Taiyun Wei. "Interaction of viral pathogen with porin channels on the outer membrane of insect bacterial symbionts mediates their joint transovarial transmission." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1767 (January 14, 2019): 20180320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0320.

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Many hemipteran insects that can transmit plant viruses in a persistent and transovarial manner are generally associated with a common obligate bacterial symbiont Sulcia and its β-proteobacterial partner. Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a plant reovirus, can bind to the envelope of Sulcia through direct interaction of the viral minor outer capsid protein P2 with the bacterial outer membrane protein, allowing the virus to exploit the ancient oocyte entry path of Sulcia in rice leafhopper vectors. Here, we show that RDV can hitchhike with both Sulcia and its β-proteobacterial partner Nasuia to ensure their simultaneous transovarial transmission. Interestingly, RDV can move through the outer envelope of Nasuia and reside in the periplasmic space, which is mediated by the specific interaction of the viral major outer capsid protein P8 and the porin channel on the bacterial outer envelope. Nasuia porin-specific antibody efficiently interferes with the binding between RDV and the Nasuia envelope, thus strongly preventing viral transmission to insect offspring. Thus, RDV has evolved different strategies to exploit the ancient oocyte entry paths used by two obligate bacterial symbionts in rice leafhoppers. Our results thus reveal that RDV has formed complex, cooperative interactions with both Sulcia and Nasuia during their joint transovarial transmission. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

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Irfan, Muhammad. "Paradigma Islam Rasional Harun Nasution: Membumikan Teologi Kerukunan." JURNAL ILMIAH SOSIOLOGI AGAMA (JISA) 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jisa.v1i1.1784.

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<em>Harun Nasution (1919-1998) dikenal luas oleh kaum intelegensia Indonesia sebagai salah seorang ilmuan yang tekun mendalami berbagai bidang kajian keislaman, seperti ilmu kalam, falsafah, dan tasawuf. Salah satu dari kontribusinya adalah pengenalan pendekatan baru dalam studi Islam, yaitu. pendekatan filsafat dengan titik tekan pada rasio, “Rasionalisme” (akal) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Islam Rasional. Perhatian Harun Nasution bukan saja terfokus pada bidang keilmuan Islam, tetapi juga terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi umat Islam, khususnya di Indonesia. Di tengah maraknya isu-isu disharmonis, ketidakrukunan, kekerasan bahkan konflik, yang mengatasnamakan agama, maka pemikiran Islam rasional yang digagas oleh Harun Nasution merupakan solusi tawaran dalam memahami agama dalam rangka menwujudkan kerukunan umat beragama. Pemikran Islam rasional tidak hanya terbatas bagi umat Islam dalam mamahami agama secara rasional, tetapi dapat diterapkan pada agama lain dalam memahami agama secara rasional. Dengan pemahaman agama secara rasional, maka dapat membangun kerangka berpikir yang rasional dalam menyikapi persoalan umat manusia dan pemahaman agama secara rasional memberi kontribusi yang besar bagi terwujudnya kerukunan umat beragama. </em>

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Irfan, Muhammad. "PARADIGMA ISLAM RASIONAL HARUN NASUTION: MEMBUMIKAN TEOLOGI KERUKUNAN." JURNAL ILMIAH SOSIOLOGI AGAMA (JISA) 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jisa.v1i2.5434.

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<em>Harun Nasution (1919-1998) dikenal luas oleh kaum intelegensia Indonesia sebagai salah seorang ilmuan yang tekun mendalami berbagai bidang kajian keislaman, seperti ilmu kalam, falsafah, dan tasawuf. Salah satu dari kontribusinya adalah pengenalan pendekatan baru dalam studi Islam, yaitu. pendekatan filsafat dengan titik tekan pada rasio, “Rasionalisme” (akal) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Islam Rasional. Perhatian Harun Nasution bukan saja terfokus pada bidang keilmuan Islam, tetapi juga terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi umat Islam, khususnya di Indonesia. Di tengah maraknya isu-isu disharmonis, ketidakrukunan, kekerasan bahkan konflik, yang mengatasnamakan agama, maka pemikiran Islam rasional yang digagas oleh Harun Nasution merupakan solusi tawaran dalam memahami agama dalam rangka menwujudkan kerukunan umat beragama. Pemikran Islam rasional tidak hanya terbatas bagi umat Islam dalam mamahami agama secara rasional, tetapi dapat diterapkan pada agama lain dalam memahami agama secara rasional. Dengan pemahaman agama secara rasional, maka dapat membangun kerangka berpikir yang rasional dalam menyikapi persoalan umat manusia dan pemahaman agama secara rasional memberi kontribusi yang besar bagi terwujudnya kerukunan umat beragama.</em>

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Kasmiati, Kasmiati. "PEMBAHARUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM HARUN NASUTION (Kajian Filsafat Pendidikan)." Scolae: Journal of Pedagogy 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56488/scolae.v2i2.66.

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his article shows the renewal of Islamic education by Harun Nasution in terms of educational philosophy. Aaronstrongly believed that the superiority of human reason. Harun then asserted that reason can understand the purpose ofrevelation, so that reason and revelation can be in line and in line in creating civilization. According to Harun that alQur'an and hadith both give a high position to reason and seek knowledge. According to him that this high appreciationof reason gives rise to a liberal theological style in Islam, in addition to the revelations coming down to help the humanmind in knowing things that lie beyond the reach of human reason. This has earned ijtihad according to him is the thirdsource in Islam, in addition to al-Qur'an and hadith. Ijtihad in various fields has given birth to the face of Islam in manyaspects, such as: theology, worship, morals, mysticism, philosophy, history and culture. Knowledge that is only one ortwo aspects or one aspect will only lead to incomplete understanding, misunderstanding, narrow and rigid.

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