Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nasal spray

Academic literature on the topic 'Nasal spray'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nasal spray"

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Bernstein, Jonathan A., Bruce Prenner, Berrylin J. Ferguson, Jay Portnoy, William J. Wheeler, and Harry J. Sacks. "Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Reformulated Azelastine Nasal Spray in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 23, no. 5 (September 2009): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3396.

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Background Azelastine nasal spray is a topical antihistamine with a distinctive taste that may be objectionable to some patients. The primary objectives of this clinical trial were (1) to determine if a reformulated azelastine nasal spray (Astepro) with sucralose as a taste-masking agent provides comparable efficacy to the original formulation (Astelin) and (2) to evaluate dose–response relationships between groups. Methods Eight hundred thirty-five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomized to six treatment groups: (1) original azelastine nasal spray, 1 spray/nostril b.i.d.; (2) reformulated azelastine, 1 spray/nostril b.i.d.; (3) placebo, 1 spray/nostril b.i.d.; (4) original azelastine nasal spray, 2 sprays/nostril b.i.d., (5) reformulated, 2 sprays/nostril b.i.d.; and (6) placebo, 2 sprays/nostril b.i.d. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline to day 14 in total nasal symptom score (TNSS) consisting of runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal congestion. Results Original azelastine nasal spray and the reformulated spray produced comparable improvements in the TNSS at both dosages. There was a dose-related difference in TNSS comparing the 1- and 2-spray dosages. The percentage changes from baseline in the TNSS in the 2-sprays/nostril dosage groups were 27.9% (p < 0.001) with the reformulated nasal spray, 23.5% (p < 0.01) with the original formulation, and 15.4% with placebo. The incidence of bitter taste was 7% with the reformulated spray and 8% with the original at the 2-sprays/nostril dosage. Conclusion The results of this study showed efficacy both with original azelastine nasal spray and with the reformulated nasal spray and a clear dose–response difference between the 1- and 2-spray dosages.
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Moffa, Antonio, Andrea Costantino, Vittorio Rinaldi, Lorenzo Sabatino, Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca, Peter Baptista, Paolo Campisi, Michele Cassano, and Manuele Casale. "Nasal Delivery Devices: A Comparative Study on Cadaver Model." BioMed Research International 2019 (March 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4602651.

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Nasal nebulization is a more effective method of delivering topical medication than nasal spray. The purpose of this study was to assess the deposition patterns of nebulization in delivering topical agents to the nasal cavities in the human cadaveric model using a color-based method. We have compared these following nasal devices: single-dose vial irrigation, syringe-irrigation, common nasal spray, Spray-sol, MAD nasal, and Rinowash nasal douche. Endoscopic images were recorded at six anatomical regions prior to and following each nasal device application and four reviewers evaluated the amount of surface area staining. At the nasal vestibule, the blue dye distribution achieved with Spray-sol was more extensive than nasal sprays. At inferior turbinate and nasal cavity floor, single dose vial, syringe, MAD nasal, Spray-sol, and Rinowash demonstrated a greater extent of dye distribution than nasal spray. At the middle turbinate, the average score of both Spray-sol and MAD nasal was significantly higher than other nasal investigated devices. At the nasopharynx, Spray-sol nebulization covers a surface significantly greater than other devices. Compared to traditional sprays, Spray-sol and MAD nasal provided a more effective method of delivering topical agents to the deeper and higher portions of the nasal cavities.
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Meltzer, Eli O., Claus Bachert, Michael J. Mayer, Ferdinand Kopietz, Arkady Koltun, Joachim Maus, and Alexander D. D'Addio. "Deposition characteristics of a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride plus fluticasone propionate in an anatomic model of the human nasal cavity." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200028.

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Background: Intranasal antihistamines and steroids should be delivered in a volume and with a technique that allow for optimal drug retention within the entire nasal cavity, maximize local absorption by the nasal mucosa, and, subsequently, increase the potential for the most desirable local availability and therapeutic effect. Objective: This in vitro evaluation simulated nasal medication deposition and evaluated the extent of runoff. MP-AzeFlu, a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) plus fluticasone propionate (FP), was compared with sequential sprays of available commercial products with the individual medication components. Methods: A model of a normal adult human nasal cavity was used to visualize deposition of nasal spray products. A single spray of MP-AzeFlu (0.137 mL [137 μg of AZE/50 μg of FP]) or single sequential sprays of AZE nasal spray (0.137 mL [137 μg]) followed by brand name or generic FP nasal spray (0.100 mL [50 μg]) were manually actuated into the model. The interior was coated with a water-sensitive dye that changes to magenta when exposed to aqueous-based formulations. A slight vacuum was applied during spray delivery to simulate sniffing. The results were photographed by using anterior and lateral views. Results: Three replicates of MP-AzeFlu showed no dripping from the front of the nostril or backflow from the nasal cavity. However, three replicates of AZE nasal spray, followed by a brand name or generic FP nasal spray, showed significant dripping from the front of the nostril and backflow from the nasal cavity. Conclusion: A single spray of MP-AzeFlu resulted in no runoff compared with sequential dosing of the two other therapeutic products. Product runoff is likely due to the volume exceeding the capacity of the nasal cavity model. Furthermore, the common clinical dosing regimen of two sprays per nostril of each of the individual components would promote even greater increased undesirable flooding and leakage.
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Taylor, D. R., A. N. Fisher, A. Smith, M. Watling, A. Knight, and N. Y. Gabrail. "Pharmacokinetic and local tolerability profiles of three potential fentanyl nasal spray formulations developed for breakthrough cancer pain compared with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20554-e20554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20554.

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e20554 Background: The nasal route offers the ability to enhance fentanyl delivery and better match the rapid onset and short duration (30–60 min) of breakthrough cancer pain compared with standard oral delivery. However, conventional nasal fentanyl solutions can be associated with variable, and sometimes supratherapeutic maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax). To optimise rapid absorption and delivery, three novel nasal spray formulations have been developed: fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS), fentanyl chitosan nasal spray (FChNS), and fentanyl in chitosan-poloxamer 188 solute (FChP). Methods: This phase I, open-label, crossover study was conducted in 18 healthy adult volunteers to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of the three new nasal fentanyl formulations with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC). Subjects were dosed on four occasions, separated by a >3-day washout period, under naltrexone blockade, with the nasal sprays (each containing fentanyl citrate 100μg in 100μL) and OTFC 200μg according to a randomized sequence. Venous plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured before and up to 24 hours post-dose. Local nasal tolerability was assessed by a clinician and a reactogenicity questionnaire. Results: Compared with OTFC, mean AUCs∞ for all three nasal sprays were significantly higher (P<0.05) and bioavailability significantly greater (FPNS 132%; FChNS 154%, FChP 122%). Median tmax (FPNS 19.8min; FChNS 10.2min, FChP 15.6min) were significantly (P<0.001) reduced (OTFC 90min) and mean Cmax significantly increased with all nasal sprays compared with OTFC. Of the three nasal sprays, FPNS had the lowest nasal reactogenicity symptom incidence. Conclusions: Compared with OTFC, all three fentanyl nasal spray formulations demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles appropriate for breakthrough cancer pain as evidenced by significantly increased systemic exposure and reduced times to peak plasma values. FPNS exhibited the most favourable tolerability profile. [Table: see text]
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Dhillon, Sohita, and Antona J. Wagstaff. "Ciclesonide Nasal Spray." Drugs 68, no. 6 (2008): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200868060-00009.

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Gijsman, H. J., and M. D. Ferrari. "Dihydroergotamine nasal spray." Neurology 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.2.397-b.

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Tepper, SJ. "Sumatriptan nasal spray." Cephalalgia 18, no. 5 (June 1998): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1805241-4.x.

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Graf, Peter. "Oxymetazoline nasal spray." Laryngoscope 108, no. 8 (August 1998): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199808000-00032.

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Farhana, Mohamed SJ, Subbarayan Dhivagar, and Subramaniyan Prabavathy. "Esketamine Nasal Spray." Pondicherry Journal of Nursing 13, no. 1 (2020): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10084-12137.

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Murphy, Mary, and Nancy Rlsser. "Azelastine Nasal Spray." Nurse Practitioner 22, no. 10 (October 1997): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199710000-00012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nasal spray"

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Kobelt, Paula Anne. "Nasal Spray Can Save Lives: Engaging Emergency Department Nurses in the Provision of Naloxone Nasal Spray to High Risk Patients." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1493059037547445.

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Barnier, Céline. "Formulation and characterisation of nasal spray pharmaceutical compositions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558798.

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Spray technology is used in the delivery of pharmaceutical ingredients through the nose or lungs. There is an ongoing requirement to establish a more in-depth understanding of the spray properties and their dependence on pharmaceutical formulations, 011 device parameters. on patients' operation and their influence on the resulting delivery sites. The study presented here consisted of three phases aimed at furthering the understanding of the properties of nasal spray formulations from a physico-chemical point of view. This includes the relationship between the suspension properties, the spraying behaviour and the effect 011 the deposition pattern within the nasal cavity. Phase 1: A commercially available nasal spray suspension. a placebo and laboratory formulation. were characterised for rheological properties and spray behaviour using high speed imaging. Thi work demonstrated the shear thinning and viscoelastic properties of the sample, as well as strain hardening behaviour occurring above the extensional strain of 3.8, 105 5'. It was also found, from the imaging techniques employed. that the spray formed a hollow cone and, the formation of droplets from the fluid sheet could be observed. Results from a set of Box-Behnken and Mixture design of experiment showed that the EDTA influenced the rheological properties of the suspensions and. the interactions between BKC and dextrose affected the spray behaviour. Phase 2: A range of formulations modified with small amounts of polymeric additives (30 - 200ppm), polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, were developed to assess the influence of such polymers on spray properties. lt was found that the addition of PEO broadened the droplet size distributions and reduced the spray dimensions, whereas the addition of HPMC did not significantly affect the spray properties. Phase 3: The final phase involved the study of the in-vivo deposition of the modified formulations, using a human nasal cavity model, under three different forced air flow rates. This study aimed at observing the influence of formulation variation on intranasal deposition. It was found that the addition of PEO increased the deposition of the droplet ill the nasal valve region and, that the forced air flow rate did not affect the profile of deposition. The un-modified suspension deposited mainly in anterior region of the nose without forced air flow, however, as the forced air flow rate increased. the droplets were swept further to deposit in the nasal valve region and turbinates region.
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Sawant, Namita Ajay. "Deposition patterns of nasal sprays in children." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6636.

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Nasal sprays used for the treatment of cold and allergy symptoms use same device and formulation in children and adults. Owing to the obvious differences in nasal cavity dimensions between adults and children, the performance of nasal sprays products in children needs to be critically assessed. In an effort to evaluate the deposition patterns of nasal sprays administered to children, a nasal cast based on MRI images obtained from a 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity was developed using 3D printing technology. Glycerin-water mixtures providing sprays with a range of plume angles (26° - 62°), along with three additional commercial nasal sprays, were investigated by actuating the device into the cast under controlled conditions. Following spray administration, the cast was disassembled and subjected to image analysis followed by quantification of formulation deposition in each section of the cast using both chemical and image analysis. The results showed that nasal sprays impacted entirely in the anterior region of the 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity and limited amount of spray entered the turbinate region – the effect site for most topical drugs. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the deposition patterns of nasal sprays in the presence of a mucus layer on the surface of the nasal cast. In an effort to make the nasal deposition studies more relevant to human nasal conditions, the mucus coated nasal cast was tilted in order to induce a physical movement of the mucus layer from the anterior region to the nasopharynx. The presence of mucus did not result in a significant increase in the turbinate region deposition but tilting of the mucus coated nasal cast resulted in 20% - 40% deposition in the turbinate region, improving the posterior region deposition of sprays. Even with the enhanced posterior movement nearly 60% of the spray formulations remained in the anterior region, a site with poor absorption characteristics. The computational fluid dynamic simulations evaluated the impact of multiple parameters including plume angle, droplet diameter and administration conditions on the deposition of nasal sprays in the 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity. The simulations showed significant anterior deposition for all plume angles (10° – 50°) and droplet diameters (30 µm – 400 µm) tested, similar to the observations from the in vitro experiments. An additional parameter, the direction of nasal spray actuation in the nasal cavity, was identified as a critical factor improving the turbinate region deposition of sprays in the 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity in spite of the narrow nasal valve region.
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Vignol, Léonor. "Influence des variabilités pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique sur l'efficacité du sumatriptan en spray nasal." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P043.

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Inthavong, Kiao, and kiao inthavong@rmit edu au. "Simulation of Fluid Dynamics and Particle Transport in a Realistic Human Nasal Cavity." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081202.162555.

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Airflow and particle transport through the nasal cavity was studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A computational model of the human nasal cavity was reconstructed through CT scans. The process involved defining the airway outline through points in space that had to be fitted with a closed surface. The airflow was first simulated and detailed airflow structures such as local vortices, wall shear stresses, pressure drop and flow distribution were obtained. In terms of heat transfer the differences in the width of the airway especially in the frontal regions was found to be critical as the temperature difference was greatest and therefore heating of the air is expedited when the air is surrounded by the hotter walls. Understanding the effects of the airway geometry on the airflow patterns allows better predictions of particle transport through the airway. Inhalation of foreign particles is filtered by the nasal cilia to some degree as a defence mechanism of the airway. Particles such as asbestos fibres, pollen and diesel fumes can be considered as toxic and lead to health problems. These particles were introduced and the effects of particle morphology were considered by customising the particle trajectory equation. This mainly included the effects of the drag correlation and its shape factor. Local particle deposition sites, detailed deposition efficiencies and particle trajectories were obtained. High inertial particles tended to be filtered within the anterior regions of the cavity due to a change in direction of the airway as the air flow changes from vertical at the inlet to horizontal within the main nasal passage. Inhaled particles with pharmacological agents are often deliberately introduced into the nasal airway with a target delivery. The mucous lined airway that is highly vascular provides an avenue for drug delivery into the blood stream. An initial nasal spray experiment was performed to determine the parameters that were important for nasal spray drug delivery. The important parameters were determined to be the spray angle, initial particle velocity and particle swirl. It was found that particles were formed at a break-up length at a cone diameter greater than the spray nozzle diameter. The swirl fraction determined how much of the velocity magnitude went into a tangential component. By combining a swirling component along with a narrow spray into the main streamlines, greater penetration of larger particles into the nasal cavity may be possible. These parameters were then used as the boundary conditions for a parametric study into sprayed particle drug delivery within the CFD domain. The results were aimed to assist in the design of more efficient nasal sprays.
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Azimi, Mandana. "EVALUATION OF THE REGIONAL DRUG DEPOSITION OF NASAL DELIVERY DEVICES USING IN VITRO REALISTIC NASAL MODELS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4780.

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The overall objectives of this research project were i) to develop and evaluate methods of characterizing nasal spray products using realistic nasal airway models as more clinically relevant in vitro tools and ii) to develop and evaluate a novel high-efficiency antibiotic nanoparticle dry powder formulation and delivery device. Two physically realistic nasal airway models were used to assess the effects of patient-use experimental conditions, nasal airway geometry and formulation / device properties on the delivery efficiency of nasal spray products. There was a large variability in drug delivery to the middle passages ranging from 17 – 57 % and 47 – 77 % with respect to patient use conditions for the two nasal airway geometries. The patient use variables of nasal spray position, head angle and nasal inhalation timing with respect to spray actuation were found to be significant in determining nasal valve penetration and middle passage deposition of Nasonex®. The developed test methods were able to reproducibly generate similar nasal deposition profiles for nasal spray products with similar plume and droplet characteristics. Differences in spray plume geometry (smaller plume diameter resulted in higher middle passage drug delivery) were observed to have more influence on regional nasal drug deposition than changes to droplet size for mometasone furoate formulations in the realistic airway models. Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles with a mean (SD) volume diameter of 120 (10) nm suitable for penetration through mucus and biofilm layers were prepared using sonocrystallization technique. These ciprofloxacin nanoparticles were then spray dried in a PVP K30 matrix to form nanocomposite particles with a mean (SD) volume diameter of 5.6 (0.1) µm. High efficiency targeted delivery of the nanocomposite nasal powder formulation was achieved using a modified low flow VCU DPI in combination with a novel breathing maneuver; delivering 73 % of the delivered dose to the middle passages. A modified version of the nasal airway model accommodating Transwell® inserts and a Calu-3 monolayer was developed to allow realistic deposition and evaluation of the nasal powder. The nanocomposite formulation was observed to demonstrate improved dissolution and transepithelial transport (flux = 725 ng/h/cm2) compared to unprocessed ciprofloxacin powder (flux = 321 ng/h/cm2).
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Rosa, André Luiz. "Caracterização físico-química de sistemas coloidais em sprays nasais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46137/tde-31102016-090427/.

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Neste trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento coloidal de suspensões nasais contendo micropartículas de celulose (MCC-NaCMC) com o objetivo de desenvolver um produto genérico compatível com o produto referência de mercado. As propriedades reológicas destas formulações possuem alta influência nos atributos críticos de qualidade do produto, como uniformidade de dose, devido sedimentação durante estocagem em prateleira, e também na performance in-vitro/ in-vivo. Realizaram-se testes com diferentes concentrações de MCC-NaCMC e diferentes parâmetros de processo (tempo e taxa de cisalhamento) utilizando um planejamento de experimentos (DoE) de superfície de respostas através de um modelo composto central. As respostas avaliadas foram tamanho de partículas (quantidade em porcentagem de partículas menores que 1µm e D90) através da técnica por difração a laser e viscosidade/tixotropia através de um reômetro rotacional. Influências significativas dos três fatores e efeitos sinérgicos entre eles nas respostas analisadas foram observadas. Desta maneira foi possível obter respostas próximas ao do produto referência de mercado através deste mapeamento. Observou-se também uma alta correlação entre as respostas, pois este estudo mostrou que o tamanho das partículas coloidais controla a viscosidade e tixotropia das dispersões coloidais. Este trabalho mostrou a significativa influência das etapas de processo no comportamento coloidal das formulações. Idealmente o processo deveria ser monitorado por medidas reológicas, porém este controle é inviável devido ao tempo para a reestruturação do sistema (24 horas). Portanto, a melhor alternativa seria o monitoramento do processo por análise de tamanho de partículas online.
In this work, the colloidal behavior of nasal suspensions containing cellulose microparticles (MCC-NaCMC) was evaluated, in order to develop a generic product compatible with the brand-name product. The rheological properties of these formulations have high influence on the critical quality attributes of the product, such as dose uniformity, due to sedimentation during shelf life, and also on in-vitro/in-vivo performance. Tests were performed with different concentrations of MCC-NaCMC and different process parameters (time and shear rate) using a Design of Experiments (DoE) with response surface by central composite design. The responses evaluated were particle size (amount in percentage of particles smaller than 1m and D90) by means of laser diffraction, and viscosity / thixotropy using a rotational rheometer. Significant influences of the three factors and synergic effects among responses were observed. Through this mapping it was possible to obtain nearby responses to the brand-name product. There was also a strong correlation between the responses, because the size of colloidal particles controlled the dispersion viscosity and thixotropy. This study showed the significant influence of the process steps on the colloidal behavior of the formulations. Ideally the process should be monitored by rheological measurements, but this control is not feasible due to the time required for the system rebuilding (24 hours). Therefore, the best alternative would be monitoring the process by the online particle size analysis.
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Fransén, Nelly. "Studies on a Novel Powder Formulation for Nasal Drug Delivery." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9292.

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Nasal administration has potential for the treatment of indications requiring a fast onset of effect or for drugs with low oral bioavailability. Liquid nasal sprays are relatively common, but can be associated with suboptimal absorption from the nasal cavity; this thesis shows that nasal absorption can be significantly enhanced with a dry powder formulation. It was shown that interactive mixtures, consisting of fine drug particles adhered to the surface of mucoadhesive carrier particles, could be created in a particle size suitable for nasal administration. Sodium starch glycolate (SSG), a common tablet excipient, was used as carrier material. In vitro evaluation of the formulation indicated that the mucoadhesion of the carrier was unlikely to be affected by the addition of a drug. The powder formulation did not improve the in vitro transfer of dihydroergotamine across porcine nasal mucosa compared with a liquid formulation; however, the results were associated with methodological shortcomings. The binding of model substances to SSG and three other excipients was evaluated. Ion exchange interactions were for example detected between SSG and cationic drugs, but these interactions were most extensive at low salt concentrations and should unlikely affect in vivo bioavailability at physiological salt concentrations. Absorption of the peptide drug desmopressin from the SSG nasal formulation, from a novel sublingual tablet formulation and from a commercial nasal liquid spray was evaluated in a clinical trial. While no improvement over the liquid spray was seen with the sublingual tablet, plasma concentrations after the nasal powder formulation were three times higher than those after the liquid spray. All formulations were well accepted by the volunteers. The use of currently available mucoadhesive carrier particles in interactive mixtures offers potential for a new method of producing nasal powder formulations that should also be applicable to large scale production.
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Hawkeswood, Jennifer Marie. "The effects of a nicotine nasal spray on baroreflex sensitivity and mood states over three days of smoking cessation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59380.pdf.

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Calmet, Hadrien. "Large-scale CFD and micro-particles simulations in a large human airways under sniff condition and drug delivery application." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670232.

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As we inhale, the air drawn through our nose undergoes successive accelerations and decelerations as it is turned, split, and recombined before splitting again at the end of the trachea as it enters the bronchi. Fully describing the dynamic behaviour of the airflow and how it transports inhaled particles poses a severe challenge to computational simulations. The dynamics of unsteady flow in the human large airways during a rapid and short inhalation (a so-called sniff) is a perfect example of perhaps the most complex and violent human inhalation inflow. Combining the flow solution with a Lagrangian computation reveals the effects of flow behaviour and airway geometry on the deposition of inhaled microparticles. Highly detailed large-scale computational fluid dynamics allow resolving all the spatial and temporal scales of the flow, thanks to the use of massive computational resources. A highly parallel finite element code running on supercomputers can solve the transient incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. Given that the finest mesh contained 350 million elements, the study sets a precedent for large-scale simulations of the respiratory system, proposing an analysis strategy for mean flow, fluctuations, wall shear stresses, energy spectral and particle deposition on a rapid and short inhalation. Then in a second time, we will propose a drug delivery study of nasal sprayed particle from commercial product in a human nasal cavity under different inhalation conditions; sniffing, constant flow rate and breath-hold. Particles were introduced into the flow field with initial spray conditions, including spray cone angle, insertion angle, and initial velocity. Since nasal spray atomizer design determines the particle conditions, fifteen particle size distributions were used,each defined by a log-normal distribution with a different volume mean diameter. This thesis indicates the potential of large-scale simulations to further understanding of airway physiological mechanics, which is essential to guide clinical diagnosis; better understanding of the flow and delivery of therapeutic aerosols, which could be applied to improve diagnosis and treatment.
En una inhalación, el aire que atraviesa nuestra cavidad nasal es sometido a una serie de aceleraciones y deceleraciones al producirse un giros, bifurcaciones y recombinarse de nuevo antes de volver a dividirse de nuevo a la altura de la tráquea en la entrada a los bronquios principales. La descripción precisa y acurada del comportamiento dinámico de este fluido así como el transporte de partículas inhalada que entran con el mismo a través de una simulación computacional supone un gran desafío. La dinámica del fluido en las vías respiratorias durante una inhalación rápida y corta (también llamado sniff) es un ejemplo perfecto de lo que sería probablemente la inhalación en el ser humano más compleja y violenta. Combinando la solución del fluido con un modelo lagrangiano revela el comportamiento del flujo y el effecto de la geometría de las vías respiratorias sobre la deposición de micropartículas inhaladas. La dinámica de fluidos computacional a gran escala de alta precisión permite resolver todas las escalas espaciales y temporales gracias al uso de recursos computacionales masivos. Un código de elementos finitos paralelos que se ejecuta en supercomputadoras puede resolver las ecuaciones transitorias e incompresibles de Navier-Stokes. Considerando que la malla más fina contiene 350 millones de elementos, cabe señalar que el presente estudio establece un precedente para simulaciones a gran escala de las vías respiratorias, proponiendo una estrategia de análisis para flujo medio, fluctuaciones, tensiones de corte de pared, espectro de energía y deposición de partículas en el contexto de una inhalación rápida y corta. Una vez realizado el analisis anterior, propondremos un estudio de administración de fármacos con un spray nasal en una cavidad nasal humana bajo diferentes condiciones de inhalación; sniff, caudal constante y respiración sostenida. Las partículas se introdujeron en el fluido con condiciones iniciales de pulverización, incluido el ángulo del cono de pulverización, el ángulo de inserción y la velocidad inicial. El diseño del atomizador del spray nasal determina las condiciones de partículas, entonces se utilizaron quince distribuciones de tamaño de partícula, cada uno definido por una distribución logarítmica normal con una media de volumen diferente. Esta tesis demuestra el potencial de las simulaciones a gran escala para una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos fisiológicos de las vías respiratorias. Gracias a estas herramientas se podrá mejorar el diagnóstico y sus respectivos tratamientos ya que con ellas se profundizará en la comprensión del flujo que recorre las vías aereas así como el transporte de aerosoles terapéuticos.
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Books on the topic "Nasal spray"

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestant Nasal Sprays. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestant Nasal Sprays. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestant Nasal Sprays in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestant Nasal Sprays in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestant Nasal Sprays in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestants Excluding Nasal Sprays and Nose Drops. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestants Excluding Nasal Sprays and Nose Drops. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestants Excluding Nasal Sprays and Nose Drops in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestants Excluding Nasal Sprays and Nose Drops in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Non-Prescription Decongestants Excluding Nasal Sprays and Nose Drops in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nasal spray"

1

Nillius, S. J. "LHRH nasal spray in contraception." In Future Aspects in Contraception, 149–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4916-4_13.

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Seremetis, Stephanie V., and Louis M. Aledort. "Nasal Spray Desmopressin: Laboratory and Clinical Implications." In Desmopressin in Bleeding Disorders, 325–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2922-4_36.

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Rahmani, Farzaneh, and Maryam Rahmani. "Persistence of Rhinorrhea After Use of Nasal Spray." In Pediatric Allergy, 61–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18282-3_12.

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Bellussi, L., D. Passàli, and F. Finelli. "Role of Azelastine Nasal Spray in the Symptomatic Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis." In Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 88–92. Basel: KARGER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000058940.

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Passàli, D., L. Bellussi, and I. I. Paganelli. "&Isquo;Regular� versus &Isquo;as Required&rsquo Use of Azelastine Nasal Spray in the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis." In Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 81–87. Basel: KARGER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000058939.

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Strauss, P., P. Pult, and Ch Loske. "Nasale Provokation bei ganzjähriger allergischer Rhinitis — Watteträger oder Spray?" In Teil II: Sitzungsbericht, 134–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83931-3_132.

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Tupper, M. L., A. L. Pulley, E. F. Johnson, N. A. Munshi, P. E. Fabian, and J. O’Leary. "A Spray-On Cryogenic Insulating Material for NASA Which Prevents the Formation of Liquid Oxygen on Liquid Hydrogen Vent Lines." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1177–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9053-5_149.

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Farina, Dino J. "Regulatory Aspects of Nasal and Pulmonary Spray Drug Products." In Handbook of Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems, 247–90. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-8155-2025-2.10010-1.

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Kulkarni, Vitthal S., and Charles Shaw. "Aerosols and Nasal Sprays." In Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages, 71–97. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801024-2.00006-6.

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Zhang, Niushen. "Medical Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia." In Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care, 591–609. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7122-3.ch029.

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The first-line treatment of trigeminal neuralgia can be very effective, but side effects are often difficult for patients to tolerate. This chapter is a guide to the broad selection of medical therapies currently available for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia which includes oral therapies and other non-surgical methods of treatment such as IV medications, nasal sprays, topical ointments, and injections. The discussion of each treatment includes discussion of its evidence in current literature, its proposed mechanism of action, its dosing and appropriate setting for clinical use, and its side effect profile.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nasal spray"

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Boon, Mieke, Frans Merkus, Martine Jaspers, and Mark Jorissen. "New nasal spray stimulates ciliary activityin vitro." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2135.

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Farnoud, Ali, Xinguang Cui, Ingo Baumann, and Eva Gutheil. "Numerical Simulation of the Dispersion and Deposition of a Spray Carried by a Pulsating Airflow in a Patient-Specific Human Nasal Cavity." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4628.

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The present numerical study concerns the dispersion and deposition of a nasal spray in a patient-specific human nose. The realistic three-dimensional geometry of the nasal cavity is reconstructed from computer tomography (CT) scans. Identification of the region of interest, removal of artifacts, segmentation, generation of the .STL file and the triangulated surface grid are performed using the software packages ImageJ, meshLab, and NeuRA2. An unstructured computational volume grid with approximately 15 million tetrahedral grid cells is generated using the software Ansys ICEM-CFD 11.0. An unsteady Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation is used to describe the airflow and the spray dispersion and deposition in the realistic human nasal airway using two-way coupling. A new solver called pimpleParcelFoam is developed, which combines the lagrangianParcel libraries with the pimpleFoam solver within the software package OpenFOAM 3.0.0. A large eddy simulation (LES) with the dynamic sub-grid scale (SGS) model is performed to study the spray in both a steady and a pulsating airflow with an inflow rate of 7.5 L/min (or maximum value in case of the pulsating spray) and a frequency of 45 Hz for pulsation as used in commercial inhalation devices. 10,000 mono-disperse particles with the diameters of 2.4 µm and 10 µm are uniformly injected at the nostrils. In order to fulfil the stability conditions for the numerical solution, a constant time-step of 10−5 s is implemented. The simulations are performed for a real process time of 1 s, since after the first second of the process, all particles have escaped through the pharynx or they are deposited at the surface of the nasal cavity. The numerical computations are performed on the high-performance computer bwForCluster MLS&amp;WISO Production using 256 processors, which take around 32 and 75 hours for steady and pulsating flow simulation, respectively. The study shows that the airflow velocity reaches its maximum values in the nasal valve, in parts of the septum and in the nasopharynx. A complex airflow is observed in the vestibule and in the nasopharynx region, which may directly affect the dispersion and deposition pattern of the spray. The results reveal that the spray tends to deposit in the nasal valve, the septum and in the nasopharynx due to the change in the direction of the airflow in these regions. Moreover, it is found that due to the pulsating airflow, the aerosols are more dispersed and penetrate deeper into the posterior regions and the meatuses where the connections to the sinuses reside.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4628
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Rautiola, Davin, and Ronald A. Siegel. "Nasal Spray Device for Administration of Two-Part Drug Formulations." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3216.

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Intranasal drug delivery is an attractive route to noninvasively achieve a rapid therapeutic effect, avoid first pass metabolism, and bypass the blood brain barrier. However, the types of drugs that can be administered by this route has been limited, in part, by device technology. Herein, we describe a pneumatic nasal spray device that is capable of mixing liquid and solid components of a drug formulation as part of the actuation process during dose administration. The ability to store a nasal spray drug formulation as two separate components can be leveraged to solve a variety of stability issues that would otherwise preclude intranasal administration. Examples of drugs that could be delivered intranasally by utilizing this two-part formulation strategy include biomolecules that are unstable in solution and low solubility drugs that can be rendered into metastable supersaturated solutions. A proof of concept nasal spray device prototype was constructed to demonstrate that a liquid and solid can be rapidly mixed and atomized into a spray in a single action. The primary breakup distance and angle of the spray cone were measured as a function of the function of the propellant gas pressure.
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Nagel, M., and B. W. Rotenberg. "Comparison of Budesonide Delivery Via Nasal Spray and a Nasal Nebulizer to an In Vitro Adult Model." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1338.

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Mahr, Todd, and William Berger. "Quantification of the Distribution of Azelastine Hcl/fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray in an Anatomical Model of the Human Nasal Cavity." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.277.

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barik, Sadananda, sailendra nath gaur, and raj kumar. "Comparative Efficacy And Acceptibility Of Mometasone Furoate And Ciclesonide Aqueous Nasal Spray In Allergic Rhinitis." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1374.

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Weiss, BG, M. Canis, JL Spiegel, C. Hoegerle, U. Eichler, M. Haack, T. Huppertz, R. Ledermueller, H. Mentzel, and S. Becker. "Multicentre randomised open controlled pilot study on the efficacy of corticosteroids administered by pulsating aerosol-nebulization versus nasal spray for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728853.

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Yamaguchi, Daisuke, and Kazuaki Inaba. "Fluid-Structure Interaction in the Nozzle of Collunarium Container." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63792.

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Nasal administration of the vaccine is in the spotlight and the medicine has been developed in recent years. The medication is carried out by spraying the medicine in the nasal cavity by collunarium container. The top nozzle part of a common collunarium container consists of three parts, nozzle tip having an exit, cylindrical nozzle, and stepped center rod which is inserted into the nozzle. We confirmed that the spray of collunarium container consists of two stages phenomena (initial jet and its disintegration, and steady spray stage) by visualization with high-speed video camera. Since we found that the initial jet impacted with larger droplet size than later sprayed droplet, we examined the initial jet and steady spray stage in experiments and numerical simulations to study the effect of material and dimension of the rod. The dimensions of the center rod affected the acceleration of the initial jet front and the spray angle in experiments. In numerical simulations including fluid-structure interaction (FSI), lower density rod moved at faster speed and excited higher flow velocity at the exit in the jet stage. Moreover we confirmed that the acceleration of the jet was initiated by the water hammer wave propagation inside the nozzle.
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Lethagen, S., A. S. Harris, and I. M. Nilsson. "A NEW DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DDAVP: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF DDAVP SPRAY PUMP IN MILD HAEMOPHILIA A AND vWD TYPE I." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644704.

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Until recently, the reliability and predectibility of the intranasal route of administration of DDAVP has been too poor to recommend it in routine practice.With the development of a new delivery system in the form of a spray puip we have previously shown that absorption and biological effect of DDAVP in volunteers is enhanced(1).In this patient study we conpared intranasal administration of 300 pg DDAVP using a newly developed pre-corrpression spray pinp with intravenous administration of 0.3 - 0.4 pg/kg. We studied 24 patients with mild haemophilia A, 23 with mild vWD Type IA and 8 with Type IB. We measured VIII:C (one-stage assay), vW:Ag (IRMA) and bleeding time (Simplate II) before and 30 - 60 min and 1 hour post treatment after i.v. and i.n. administration respectively.The spray resulted in a 2 to 4 times increase in basal levels of VIII:C and vW:Ag and was comparable in effect to intravenous administration. Moreover, bleeding time was significantly reduced to within the normal range in most patients. Several patients reported good clinical effects of the spray after tooth extraction, menorrhagia and epistaxis.We conclude that the DDAVP spray is a clear improvement over previous atterpts at intranasal administration. The spray deposits well controlled and reproducible doses in the nasal cavity resulting in a clear enhancement in absorption with a magnitude and reliability of its biological effect which is corparable to the intravenous delivery. Furthermore, the spray offers a convenient and practical means of self-treatment to haemophilia patients without delay.1. Harris A.S., Nilsson I.M., Wagier Z.-G., Alkner U. Intranasal Administration of Peptides: Nasal Deposition, Biological Response, and Absorption of Desmopressin. J Pharm Sci (in press, December 1986).
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Arabzadeh, Sanaz, and Ali Dolatabadi. "Suspension Spray in a Twin-Fluid Atomizer." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37284.

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Atomization of suspension solutions has a wide range of applications in many industrial processes. The application ranges from spray drug products, such as nasal spray and inhalation solution to spray drying, plasma spraying and coatings. In any atomization process the main spray characteristics are defined as drop size and velocity distributions, the spray path and the distribution of the liquid throughout the spray. These distributions are affected by several parameters including liquid and gas physical properties, nozzle geometry and operating conditions [1]. Thus understanding the behavior of gas and liquid flow through the nozzle is crucial to predict the thickness and momentum of the liquid flow at the outlet of the atomizer. In this work the Multi-Fluid Marker and Cell (MFMAC) technique is used to numerically model the structure of internal two-phase flow inside an aerated-liquid jet. The behavior of liquid film in the discharge passage was investigated using different Gas to Liquid mass Ratio (GLR) and these numerical results were compared with the available experimental data. This work was done as a baseline to validate the simulations and the effect of suspension solid particles on the structure of the two-phase flow at the exit cross section of the nozzle was also studied. The effect of concentration of solid particles on the performance of the atomizer is considered through change in the liquid bulk density and viscosity. By increasing in the amount of aerating gas, the liquid film formed in the discharge orifice, becomes thinner and the gas/liquid velocity ratio and momentum flux at the nozzle exit increases. It was found that the variation of solid particle concentration can have an influence on the internal flow characteristics such as the liquid thickness and the flow pattern inside the nozzle discharge passage.
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Reports on the topic "Nasal spray"

1

Boston, Mark E. Effects of Nasal Saline Spray on Human Neutrophils. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406691.

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