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Shelkar, Ritesh, Jeevan Vedi, Seema Patel, KS Dasgupta, and Kanchan Lanjewar. "Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Sinonasal Diseases." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 8, no. 1 (2015): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1220.
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ABSTRACT Aims and objectives To evaluate sinunasal diseases with the help of nasal endoscopy. To study efficacy of nasal endoscopy in diagnosing nasal pathology over clinical examination. To define medical and surgical functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), management according to type of nasal pathology. To define applications of nasal endoscopy (biopsy, swab, epistaxis control, foreign body removal, rhinolith removal, follow-up). Materials and methods Total 100 patients were studied. Patients came with complaints of nasal blocking, nasal discharge, mass in nasal cavity, bleeding etc, included in study. Pre-endoscopic assessment was carried out like history, examination, investigation. Endoscopic was done after consent under necessary anesthesia. Endoscopy was done using 0 and 30° endoscope with three standard passes. Result Total 100 patients were studied. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 100 patients maximum number of patients had chronic sinusitis on nasal endoscopy examination (22); followed by nasal polyp (27) and deviated nasal septum and epistaxis (10). Nasal endoscopy was an excellent diagnostic aid in condition like epistaxis, nasal mass, nasal obstruction, foreign body, nasopharyngeal tumor. Conclusion Diagnostic nasal endoscopy offers high diagnostic accuracy in patient with sinonasal complaints. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is gold standard tool in patient having sinonasal complaints. It has high accuracy due to vision control, has less bleeding, minimal complication, and early postoperative recovery. It is a good tool for diagnosing anatomical variation. How to cite this article Shelkar R, Vedi J, Patel S, Dasgupta KS, Lanjewar K. Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Sinonasal Diseases. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):8-11.
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Nayak, Dipak Ranjan, R. Balakrishnan, and K. Deepak Murthy. "An endoscopic approach to the deviated nasal septum – a preliminary study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 10 (October 1998): 934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100142124.
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AbstractThe authors have used the nasal endoscope for the precise identification of pathological abnormalities of the nasal septum in relation to the lateral nasal wall including the osteo-meatal complex and in its ultraconservative management. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacies of endoscope-aided septoplasty (EAS) over traditional septoplasty (TS) in treating the pathological septum and turbinates, performed in 30 cases each. The subjective assessment was carried out by visual analogue scores and objective assessment by nasal endoscopy. This study demonstrates the superiority and limitations of the endoscopic approach in managing a deviated nasal septum and the turbinates. The endoscope-aided technique was found to be more effective in relieving the contact areas and nasal obstruction (p = ≤0.05). The authors advocate a combined approach – an endoscopic approach for inaccessible posterior deviation and the conservative traditional technique for accessible anterior deviation of the nasal septum.
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Mcgarry, G. W. "Nasal endoscope in posterior epistaxis: a preliminary evaluation." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 6 (June 1991): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100116214.
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AbstractThe findings of a preliminary, prospective evaluation of the role of endoscopy in the management of adult posterior epistaxis are presented.A cohort of patients managed by the endoscopic technique was compared with a control group managed by the traditional methods of nasal packing or epistaxis balloons.The endoscope allowed visualization and direct treatment of previously undiagnosed posterior bleeding points. Patients managed by the endoscopic technique had a significantly shorter duration of in patient stay than those managed by traditional methods.
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Savovic, Slobodan, Natasa Dragnic, Vladimir Kljajic, Ljiljana Jovancevic, Maja Buljcik-Cupic, and Slobodanka Lemajic-Komazec. "Correlations between symptoms, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography findings in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps." Vojnosanitetski pregled 77, no. 1 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp171218044s.
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Background/Aim. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic conditions that is diagnosed on the basis of the condition symptoms, nasal endoscopy and computed tomograhpy (CT) of the nose and paranasal sinuses. There are two forms of CRS: CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The aim of this paper was to determine if there is a correlation between the symptoms, nasal endoscopy and CT in patients with CRSsNP. Methods. The study included 110 patients with CRSsNP. The intensity of the symptoms assessed on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the condition of nasal mucosa and the presence of nasal secretion was estimated by endoscopic examination of the nose while CT was used to determine the Lund-Mackay (LM) score values. Pearson?s coefficient of correlation was used for statistic data processing. Results. The severity of the disease as a whole (r = 0.509) and nasal discharge (r = 0.562) moderately correlated with CT. Nasal congestion (r = 0.354) and the reduction of loss of smell (r = 0.324) mildly correlated with CT, while facial pain/pressure (r = 0.218) had a very weak correlation with CT. The severity of the disease as a whole (r = 0.717) and nasal discharge (r = 0.821) strongly correlated with nasal endoscopy. Nasal congestion (r = 0.525) had a moderate correlation with nasal endoscopy while facial pain/pressure (r = 0.345) and the reduction of the loss of smell (r= 0.394) had a mild correlation with nasal endoscopy. A moderate correlation was found between nasal endoscopy and CT (r = 0.630). Conclusion. The severity of the disease as a whole and nasal discharge have more significant correlations both with nasal endoscopy and CT in relation to the correlations between other symptoms and nasal endoscopy, as well as CT. More significant correlations between the symptoms and nasal endoscopy in relation to the correlations between the symptoms and CT and the existence of a moderate correlation between nasal endoscopy and CT, enable a lesser use of CT diagnostics and only in precisely defined situatiations.
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Cerejeira, Rui, Rafaela Veloso-Teles, Nuno Lousan, and Carla Pinto Moura. "Prevalence of nasal polyps in Northern Portugal: a cadaver endoscopic study." Rhinology journal 52, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino14.016.
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Background: Epidemiological studies on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps are scarce and mostly based on questionnaires. Data obtained with such approaches can be unreliable, thus endoscopy is a prerequisite for an accurate estimate of the prevalence of nasal polyps. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of nasal polyps in Northern Portugal, using nasal endoscopy in cadavers from a District Hospital. Methods: The cadaver specimens deposited in the mortuary room of the hospital, every early morning on week days, from December 2012 to August 2013, were submitted to a systematic endoscopic examination of both nasal cavities, using a 25°, 2.y mm rigid endoscope from R.Wolf®. A review of the medical record of the cadavers was done, to search for cause of death, co-morbidities and past ENT history. Results: A group of 200 consecutive Caucasian cadaver specimens were analyzed, 83 women and 117 men, with a mean age of death of 77.23 ± 12.29 years (range 34-97). The prevalence of nasal polyps was 5.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.34-8.66). No statistically significant association between the studied clinical variables (sex, allergic rhinitis, lower respiratory diseases and smoking) and the presence of nasal polyps was identified. Conclusion: The study provides the first endoscopic based epidemiological data on nasal polyps in Portugal, showing a prevalence for old age group in accordance with previous studies in Europe.
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Ng, B. H. K., I. P. Tang, P. Narayanan, R. Raman, and R. L. Carrau. "Effects of nasal lavage with and without mupirocin after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a randomised, controlled study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 133, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 1059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215119002329.
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AbstractBackgroundNasal lavage with mupirocin has the potential to reduce sinonasal morbidity in endoscopic endonasal approaches for skull base surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of nasal lavage with and without mupirocin after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.MethodsA pilot randomised, controlled trial was conducted on 20 adult patients who had undergone endoscopic endonasal approaches for skull base lesions. These patients were randomly assigned to cohorts using nasal lavages with mupirocin or without mupirocin. Patients were assessed in the out-patient clinic, one week and one month after surgery, using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test questionnaire and nasal endoscopy.ResultsPatients in the mupirocin nasal lavage group had lower nasal endoscopy scores post-operatively, and a statistically significant larger difference in nasal endoscopy scores at one month compared to one week. The mupirocin nasal lavage group also showed better Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores at one month compared to the group without mupirocin.ConclusionNasal lavage with mupirocin seems to yield better outcomes regarding patients’ symptoms and endoscopic findings.
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Shamas, Irfan Ul. "Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Initial Management of Epistaxis." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 3, no. 3 (May 25, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v3i3.94.
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Aim: To compare the precision,efficacy and complication of nasal endoscopic assisted management of epistaxis with headlight assisted nasal packing.Materials and Methods: Two groups of twenty patients each were placed randomly in Group A and Group B. Patients in Group A were managed with headlight assisted nasal packing and Group B patients were managed with nasal endoscopic assisted control of epistaxis.Results: Exact site of bleeding was located in 90% patients of Group B. All patients in Group A complained of dry mouth(100%), halitosis in 6 (30%) patients, 12 (60%) patients had headache and discomfort,7(35%) patients had epiphora. There was no complication in Group B.Conclusions: Epistaxis is a common ENT emergency and routine blind hasty nasal packs should be avoided. Nasal endoscopes should be routinely used to identify site of bleeding and cauterisation of the targeted area should be done gently with least collateral damage to healthy mucosa. Good and easy control with less complications and no admissions are all possible with the wonder tool called “ nasal endoscope”.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 158-161
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Ziade, Georges K., Reem A. Karami, Ghina B. Fakhri, Elie S. Alam, Abdul Latif Hamdan, Marc M. Mourad, and Usama M. Hadi. "Reliability Assessment of the Endoscopic Examination in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis." Allergy & Rhinology 7, no. 3 (January 2016): ar.2016.7.0176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ar.2016.7.0176.
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Objective To study if nasal endoscope can be a reliable tool in assessing patients with allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods A prospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis underwent a nasal endoscopic examination performed by two physicians blinded to the scoring of each other. A correlation was made among symptom severity, endoscopic findings, and interrater variability. Results Ninety patients were included in the study: 34 patients had mild disease and 56 had moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma guidelines. Increases in mucosal edema and bluish discoloration were predictive of the severity of allergic rhinitis disease (p < 0.05). The presence of nasal secretions was not predictive of allergic rhinitis. Interrater reliability was fair for mucosal edema, moderate-to-almost perfect for the rest of the endoscopic findings. Conclusion Nasal endoscopy may reveal signs that are predictive of the severity of allergic rhinitis. A detailed checklist is needed for the nasal endoscopic examination to decrease interrater variability.
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Kubba, Haytham, and Brian J. G. Bingham. "Endoscopy in the assessment of children with nasal obstruction." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 115, no. 5 (May 2001): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215011907929.
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Nasal obstruction is common in children, and is often attributed to adenoid enlargement. This prospective study was performed to determine whether routine nasal endoscopy is of value for children undergoing surgery for nasal obstruction. Forty-eight children aged two to nine years undergoing adenoidectomy, and six normal controls, were examined under general anaesthesia with a 4 mm rigid endoscope. A video of the endoscopy was subsequently assessed independently by an observer blinded to the original findings and the presence of nasal symptoms.The endoscopist and independent assessor were in agreement regarding 86 per cent of the findings. Three quarters of the children had abnormalities on endoscopy in addition to enlarged adenoids, and in 23 per cent these were potentially of major clinical significance (unsuspected foreign body, gross septal deviation, gross hypertrophy of the turbinates). Endoscopy produced no post-operative complications and was possible in children as young as two years of age, without decongestants.Nasal endoscopy is a safe, objective and useful means of identifying potentially significant abnormalities in children with nasal obstruction.
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Stankiewicz, James A., and James M. Chow. "Nasal Endoscopy and the Definition and Diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 126, no. 6 (June 2002): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.125602.
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OBJECTIVES: Although endoscopy has been shown by a few authors to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis, its true role in the evaluation of the patient with chronic rhinosinusitis has not been elucidated. The current definition of chronic rhinosinusitis is a symptom-based definition, and objective testing such as endoscopy or computed tomography (CT) is not included. However, the current treatment paradigm for chronic rhinosinusitis is dependent on the definition for diagnosis. Patients are treated with 4 weeks of antibiotics and decongestant/antihistamines/steroids based on the definition. This study aims to evaluate in a prospective fashion the place of endoscopy in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: A group of 78 patients meeting the definition of chronic rhinosinusitis were subjected to same-day endoscopy and CT scanning. RESULTS: Seventeen (22%) of 78 patients had positive endoscopic and CT results. There were 20 (26%) of 78 patients with negative endoscopic and positive CT results. Six (8%) patients had positive endoscopic and negative CT results, and 35 (45%) had negative endoscopic and negative CT results. Overall, 37 (47%) patients had positive CT results, and 41 (53%) patients had negative CT results. Endoscopy showing the presence of purulence, nasal polyps, or watery congested mucosa correlated well with CT results. Negative endoscopy correlated with CT results in 65% of patients. CONCLUSION: The use of endoscopy to corroborate the diagnosis in nonpolypoid or nonpurulent rhinosinusitis in previously unoperated patients is questioned. Patients who meet the subjective definition of chronic rhinosinusitis should have a high degree of sensitivity and specificity with endoscopy or CT. The fact this is not the case questions the accuracy of the definition and the treatment paradigm. SIGNIFICANCE: According to this study, positive endoscopic results correlated well with CT, and negative endoscopic results correlated in 71% of patients with negative CT results.
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Claffey, Elaine F., and Norm G. Ducharme. "Equine Nasal Endoscopy." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 36, no. 3 (December 2020): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.005.
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Pownell, Patrick H., John J. Minoli, and Rod J. Rohrich. "Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 99 (April 1997): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199704001-00042.
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Pownell, Patrick H., John J. Minoli, and Rod J. Rohrich. "Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 99, no. 5 (May 1997): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199705000-00042.
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Jeffrey Trimas, Scott, and Scott P. Stringer. "The Use of Nasal Endoscopes in the Diagnosis of Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Masses." American Journal of Rhinology 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065894781882693.
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The histopathologic diagnosis of nasal and paranasal sinus masses may be problematic. Traditionally, a biopsy through an external ethmoidectomy or Caldwell-Luc procedure has been required. The advent of nasal endoscopy provides an alternative method of obtaining tissue. The diagnostic evaluations of 57 cases of nasal or paranasal sinus masses, seen from 1985 through 1991, were reviewed. The use of nasal endoscopy in the diagnosis of nasal and paranasal sinus masses was associated with decreased morbidity as compared to more traditional approaches. Potential surgical approaches were not violated prior to definitive treatment. Representative cases will be presented illustrating changes in management by using nasal endoscopes.
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Al-Assal, Khalid Dahham Radi, Ahmed Abass Mossa Al-Khafaji, and Jawad AbdulKadhum Beden Thuhabat. "Comparative Study between Nasal Endoscopic Findings and Nose and Paranasal Sinus Computerized Tomography in diagnosis of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v16i2.264.
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Background: Nasal obstruction is common in otorhinolaryngology outpatient visitors. The diagnosis of such compliant is by history, clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. Nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography scan are common diagnostic investigations. Nasal obstruction is either anterior or posterior (nasal septal deviations, hypertrophied turbinate pathological cyst, polyps, mass etc), or postnasal obstruction (hypertrophied turbinate, adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal cyst or nasopharyngeal tumors).
Aim of study: Prospective study to compare endoscopic finding and computerized tomography of nose, paranasal sinuses and postnasal space as diagnostic methods for nasal obstruction and other nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal space diseases.
Subjects and methods: 80 patients with nasal obstruction between the age of 12-60 years old.All patient were examined by nasal endoscopy (rigid or flexible) under local anaesthesia (10 % xylocaine spray and cotton wicks soaked with ephidren 0.5 % and xylocaine 2 % ) and nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal space C.T. scan,weather without contrast or with it, bone window or soft tissue according to the lesion.
Results: Both nasal endoscopy and C.T. scan were an important tools for diagnosis of nasal diseases and complementary to each other.
Conclusion: Endoscopic examination of the nose gives a real view of nasal structures, postnasal space, any mass or polyps present.Computerized tomography is an accurate diagnostic method of the Nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal spaces anatomical variations or pathologies.
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Prabudoss, G. S., and Neha Prashant Shah. "Prospective comparison of conscious nasal versus oral video upper GI endoscopy in adults." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20191872.
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Background: Endoscopy procedures are now becoming a mandate for any upper or lower abdominal conditions in addition to any radiological investigations. Patients have reluctance. It's mainly because of the painful experience they come across during upper GI endoscopy. If pain can be addressed during endoscope then all patients would smile after this procedure. The main objective of the study is to compare nasal endoscopy vs conventional endoscopy in gastrointestinal disorders.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department in the department of bariatric and metabolic surgery, Apollo Spectra Hospitals, Chennai. Totally 200 cases were included in the study for the study. Nasal packing was done with xylocaine and oxymetazoline without oral spraying of 10% xylocaine. Oral mouth gag was not inserted in nasal cases. Pain score was primarily used as a scoring method.Results: Comparative study was done for both groups for pain score, gag reflux, nausea, comfort level, voice change, image clarity, intervention procedures, and overall scoring was done. There was a significant advantage in the nasal endoscopy group.Conclusions: More screening endoscopies can be done for a large patient population to diagnose Gastro diseases at an early stage if a painless endoscopy can be offered instead of regular endoscopy hereafter. But however, the endoscopy suite should have regular scope for therapeutic procedures.
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Sharath Babu, K., and R. Shankar. "Surgical outcome comparison between endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty among patients with nasal septal deviation." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200624.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> When compared with standard head light technique, endoscopic septoplasty provides important advantages which include adequate visualization, room for instrumentation during functional endoscopic sinus surgery, access to para nasal sinuses and for other surgeries like trans-septal approach to the sphenoid sinus, visualization and stoppage of post-nasal bleeds. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the surgical outcome between endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty techniques in terms of anatomical correction and its complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective clinical study was conducted on hundred patients with nasal obstruction. Group A patients (n=50) underwent conventional septoplasty and group B (n=50) patients were operated by endoscopic septoplasty technique. Patients were subjected to diagnostic nasal endoscopy examination before and after surgery. Post-operative complications like trauma to lateral wall of nose, injury to cribriform plate, post-operative epistaxis, post-operative septal hematoma and septal abscess if occurred were noted. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Post-operatively diagnostic nasal endoscopy results show that there was a statistically significant improvement in endoscopic septoplasty group compared to conventional septoplasty and similarly the mean nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score. The most common post-operative complications which were occurred are synechiae and septal perforation and both these complications were more common among the conventional septoplasty group and the difference was found to be statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study showed a better surgical outcome with a lesser complication among the endoscopic septoplasty as compared to conventional septoplasty. The only disadvantage of using endoscopic septoplasty was of binocular vision and repeated cleaning of the endoscope.</p>
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Karadsheh, Murad J., Zaahir A. Turfe, and Ewa Komorowska-Timek. "Nasal endoscopy in total nasal reconstruction." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 39, no. 1 (July 4, 2015): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-015-1121-2.
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Liu, Y., C. Zheng, W. Wei, and Q. Liu. "Management of intractable epistaxis: endoscopy or nasal packing?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 5 (March 1, 2012): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112000217.
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AbstractObjectives:To investigate common origins of intractable epistaxis, and the efficacy of endoscopic management.Methods:Retrospective study of 265 patients with uncontrolled idiopathic epistaxis presenting between July 2008 and July 2009. Patients underwent endoscopic examination and subsequent radiofrequency electrocautery, selective packing or observation.Results:Nasal endoscopy indicated that the commonest bleeding sources were the superior nasal septum at the olfactory cleft (39.2 per cent), the inferior meatus (27.5 per cent), the sphenoethmoid recess (6.0 per cent), the middle meatus (5.3 per cent) and other locations (3.4 per cent). Bleeding was successfully controlled with nasal endoscopy plus radiofrequency electrocautery or selective packing. In 49 (18.5 per cent) patients, no abnormality was identified; these patients received observation only, and no further bleeding occurred. None of the patients had serious complications or recurrent epistaxis during the three-month follow-up period.Conclusion:Thorough endoscopic examination combined with radiofrequency electrocautery should be used as first-line therapy for intractable epistaxis.
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Sachdeva, Kavita, and Ruchir Varshney. "Etiological profile and correlation of radiological and endoscopic modalities for evaluation of nasal obstruction: a hospital-based study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20204178.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal obstruction causes considerable disease burden on our society and is frequently under-treated and under-evaluated. Aim of the study was to establish etiological profile and evaluate correlation of radiological and endoscopic modalities for evaluation of nasal obstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Ninety patients with nasal obstruction presenting to OPD of a tertiary hospital were evaluated with history/physical examination, rhinoscopy and radiological assessment by X-ray of para nasal sinuses (PNS), Computerized tomography of PNS (CT-PNS) and nasal endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Inflammatory polyps were most common cause (33%) of nasal obstruction in our population which was young in age (20-40 years), the obstruction being predominantly of short duration (<10 months). CT-PNS had significantly better performance than X-ray PNS in detection of nasal polyp and cyst. There was good agreement between CT-PNS and nasal endoscopy for most of the cases. Polyps and mucosal oedema had significantly higher detection rates by endoscopy while CT-PNS was better in assessment of DNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> CT-PNS and Nasal endoscopy are superior for assessment of nasal obstruction and complement each other.</p><p class="TableParagraph"> </p>
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Kadayifci, Abdurrahman, Mustafa Atar, Serap Parlar, Ayhan Balkan, Irfan Koruk, and Mehmet Koruk. "Transnasal Endoscopy is Preferred by Transoral Endoscopy Experienced Patients." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-1275.
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Background & Aims: Both unsedated transoral endoscopy (TOE) and sedated TOE have some drawbacks in clinical practice. Unsedated transnasal endoscopy (TNE) has been suggested as an alternative to both methods. This study aimed to determine the advantages of TNE in patients who have previously undergone unsedated conventional TOE.Methods: Patients who had received an unsedated TOE in the last 12 months and were scheduled for a second upper endoscopy were included. They were randomized to undergo either unsedated TOE, using a standard endoscope, or unsedated TNE, using an ultrathin endoscope. Post-procedure, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess pain, discomfort and acceptability of the procedure, and to compare the current procedure with their previous unsedated TOE. Endoscope insertion rate, procedure duration, and side-effects were recorded.Results: Each group included 50 patients. With the exception of nasal pain, the tolerability and acceptance were significantly greater in the unsedated TNE group. Significantly more TNE patients (82%) found the current endoscopic procedure to be better than their previous TOE when compared with patients who had received a second TOE (12%). A repeat procedure was significantly more acceptable for TNE patients when compared to the TOE group (68% vs.16%). The duration of endoscopy was significantly shorter in TOE than in TNE (p<0.05). Endoscope insertion failed in 4% and mild epistaxis was observed in 4% of TNE patients.Conclusion: Unsedated TNE was better tolerated in endoscopy experienced patients when compared with unsedated TOE. The majority of patients found TNE more acceptable and preferable to TOE, suggesting that TNE should become a more common practice in clinics when applicable.
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Soni, N. K. "Endoscopy in Nasal Myiasis." Tropical Doctor 30, no. 4 (October 2000): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550003000416.
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Rosenberg, J. "Nasal oxygen during endoscopy." Gut 34, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.34.2.288.
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Biswas, C., A. Mehta, S. Das, and L. M. Ghosh. "Nasal Endoscopy in epistaxis." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 48, no. 1 (January 1996): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03048030.
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Sood, V. P. "Nasal and sinus endoscopy." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology 42, no. 4 (December 1990): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02994919.
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Ray, Ritam, Manoj Mukherjee, Manotosh Dutta, Mousumi Neogi, and Ganesh Chandra Gayen. "Importance of nasal endoscopy for the evaluation of epistaxis." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 18, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10408.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nasal endoscopy in cases of epistaxis.Study design: Prospective study Setting: Department of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan, India.Method: 118 patients with epistaxis presented in the Department of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan were evaluated with the help of nasal endoscope to find out the hidden cause of epistaxis.Conclusion: Significant pathology was detected in 88 cases (69%) out of 118 cases of epistaxis. Moreover, endoscope guided biopsy was taken in suspected cases and managed according to histopathology report.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10408Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 11-15
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Zhulai, Tetiana, Igor Zupanets, Sergii Shebeko, and Kateryna Yampolska. "Nasal endoscopy prospectsin experimental rhinology: some aspects of enisamium iodide nasal spray effectiveness in rhinosinusitis." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, no. 6(2) 2019 (March 30, 2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2019-6-28.
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Acute rhinosinusitis treatment and prevention is connected to the rational choice of drug dosage form, which will provide the therapeutic effect and the safety of a drug substance or a drug substance complex. Nasal spray with Enisamium Iodide can be used to nasal congestion relief in acute rhinosinusitis because the active substance has an anti-exudative action. Nasal endoscopy could be used in experimental rhinology as a method for direct pathology visualization and for evaluation of the effectiveness of test drugs. Aim: To substantiate Enisamium Iodide (nasal spray) 10 mg/mL effectiveness on maxillary sinus ostium via nasal endoscopy in rabbits with experimental rhinosinusitis. Methods: As a test object was used Enisamium Iodide (nasal spray). As a reference drug, we used BNO-101. Experimental rhinosinusitis was induced in the 1st day. On the 1st , 15th and 25th days in all groups (four groups, six rabbits in each group), we used nasal endoscopy and semi-quantitative assessment to the result objectivity. Results: The total score in the intact control group was 0 (0÷0) on the 15th and 25th days (physiological state). The total score in the control pathology group was 2.0 (2.0÷2.0) and 2.0 (1.0÷2.0) (severe rhinosinusitis) respectively. The total score in Enisamium Iodide treated group was 2.0 (1.0÷2.0) (severe rhinosinusitis) and 0.0 (0.0÷1.0) (physiological state). The total score in BNO-101 treated group was 2.0 (1.0÷2.0) (severe rhinosinusitis) and 1.0 (1.0÷1.0) (mild rhinosinusitis). Conclusions: Nasal endoscopy can be used as an informative visual method. Enisamium Iodide (nasal spray) has been shown a positive effect by endoscopic evaluation of maxillary sinus ostium and exceeded activity of the reference drug.
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Agarwal, Anjani, Alpesh Fefar, and Manish Mehta. "A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Finding and Radiological Appearance in Paranasal Sinus Disease." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 2, S1 (May 11, 2018): e000128. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.128.
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Aims and Objectives: The study is carried out with an objective to compare the diagnostic nasal endoscopic findings and radiological appearance in patients with paranasal sinus disease.
Methods: 50 cases of chronic sinusitis not responding to routine medical line of treatment were selected and operated after being thoroughly investigated by means of nasal endoscopy and CT scan.
Results: Out of 50 cases, 35 underwent bilateral surgery and 15 underwent unilateral surgery, so a total of 85 procedures were carried out. Findings of both the CT scan as well as diagnostic nasal endoscopy were compared to each other and ultimately correlated with operative findings.
Conclusion: In our study, a high association is found between both the modalities of investigation i.e CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy with one scoring over the other in different parameters. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is found to be highly sensitive investigatory modality for parameters like frontal recess, spheno-ethmoid recess and hiatus semilunaris, where as CT scan is found to be highly sensitive for parameters like maxillary sinus, uncinate process and posterior ethmoids. So, a case of sinus disease should be diagnosed as early as possible using both these modalities as together they complement each other. Early diagnosis and effective management cures the pathology and prevents disastrous complications.
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Tyagi, Sushant, Mohit Srivastava, and Vandana Singh. "Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis: can nasal endoscopy be the new gold standard in developing countries?" International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20160066.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Objective of the study was to study the role of diagnostic value of nasal endoscopy in diseases involving nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses particularly chronic rhinosinusitis in developing countries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 200 Patients with clinical evidence of sinonasal diseases were evaluated. All patients were subjected to thorough ENT examination with special emphasis on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. Nasal Endoscopy was done using Hopkins rod endoscopes ( 0º, 30º, 45º, 70º and 90º) - diameter 2.7 mm/ 4 mm, length 18 cm after administering a spray puff of Xylocaine with adrenaline (10 drops of adrenaline to 2 ml of Xylocaine). Computed tomography of paranasal sinuses was done in 100 patients whose symptoms, examination and clinical picture were sufficient to warrant the procedure. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common anatomical variations detected on nasal endoscopy were deviated nasal septum (83.5%) followed by paradoxical middle turbinate (42.5), and concha bullosa (26.5%). Accessory middle turbinate was seen in 7 out of 200 cases (3.5%). The most common pathological abnormality detected on nasal endoscopy was mucopus in middle meatus (69%) and next were hypertrophied (45 and 35% inferior and middle turbinate respectively) and congested turbinates (44.5%), followed by polypoidal changes (28%) and oedematous/congested uncinate process (27.5%).</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnostic nasal endoscopy can prove to be a better diagnostic modality compared to CT scan when conditions like middle meatal secretions, condition of mucosa, polyps are looked for. It can detect early polypoidal and other pathological changes missed on CT which can aid in early diagnosis and medical management of sinonasal diseases thereby preventing patient from unnecessary surgical exposure. Also being easily available and cost effective, patients can be spared from unnecessary cost and radiation exposure by performing diagnostic nasal endoscopy prior to CT.
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Suraneni, Visweswara Rao, Suneel Kudamala, and Karishma Begum. "Nasal endoscopy: an excellent tool for the novice." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190764.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal endoscopy has revolutionized the ease of diagnosing nasal pathologies over the recent years. It offers the advantage of detailed examination of the intra-nasal architecture and precise identification of the pathology. It is cost effective and a useful adjunct for performing minor procedures in the office setting. Thus, nasal endoscopy has evolved as a tool with multiple roles of diagnosing the disease, planning of treatment and post treatment examination.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital during a period of 2 years on 100 patients to evaluate the role of nasal endoscopy in diagnosing the disease and planning the management. 60 cases were managed conservatively depending on the initial finding on nasal endoscopy while the other 40 cases underwent surgery. Pre-treatment symptoms and post treatment outcomes were observed objectively on nasal endoscopy. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of the patients (60%) were managed conservatively and were labeled as cured after enough evidence was obtained both subjectively from the patient and objectively as seen on endoscopy. The remainder of patients (40%) underwent surgery and follow up endoscopy was done in all of them.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is of immense help to the novice surgeon in understanding and managing various nasal pathologies. Through this study, it can be concluded that most of the nasal symptoms can be managed conservatively and surgery advised for absolute indication, with the help of nasal endoscopy.</p>
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Kashyap, Aditya, Satisg Negi, Prem L. Chauhan, and Kuldeep Thakur. "Anatomical and Functional Evaluation of Conventional vs Inferior Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Study Cases of Idiopathic Chronic Dacryocystitis." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2017): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1314.
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ABSTRACT Objective To compare the results of conventional nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and inferior nasal endoscopic DCR in Study cases of idiopathic chronic dacryocystitis. Materials and methods Forty patients diagnosed with idiopathic chronic dacryocystitis were divided into two groups alternately. After relevant investigations, they were subjected for endoscopic DCR by two techniques. Twenty patients underwent conventional endoscopic DCR and 20 underwent inferior endoscopic DCR under transoral pterygopalatine block and topical lignocaine (4%) with adrenaline 1:2,000. After 3 months of follow-up in the outpatient department, nasal endoscopy along with fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) at 10 minutes was done. Results Ninety-five percent (19/20) of patients undergoing conventional endoscopic DCR and 90% (18/20) of patients undergoing inferior endoscopic DCR were found to have patent anatomical fistula. On FDDT, nasal endoscopy after 10 minutes revealed 84% (16/19) in group I and 94.4% (17/18) in group II with fluorescein in nasal cavity. Conclusion Present study concludes the importance of bony, tendinous, and muscular support of lacrimal sac in physiological lacrimal pump functioning and advantage of relatively new technique of inferior endoscopic DCR. Inferior endoscopic DCR is associated with less operative time as well as less local complications. How to cite this article Thakur K, Kashyap A, Negi S, Chauhan PL. Anatomical and Functional Evaluation of Conventional vs Inferior Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Study Cases of Idiopathic Chronic Dacryocystitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(2):86-90.
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Varadharajan, Ramesh, Swara Sahithya, Ranjitha Venkatesan, Agaman Gunasekaran, and Sneha Suresh. "An endoscopic study on the prevalence of the accessory maxillary ostium in chronic sinusitis patients." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195211.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic maxillary sinusitis is one of the common ENT problems. Accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) has been postulated in many publications to play a role in the development of chronic maxillary sinusitis. AMO is found in the medial wall of maxillary sinus and located in the lateral wall of the nose. It’s been frequently identified in the routine nasal endoscopy. The variations in the location of AMO have been evaluated by nasal endoscopy in live subjects or through cadaver dissections by many authors. This live study is conducted to identify the prevalence of AMO during nasal endoscopic evaluation of chronic sinusitis patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 52 adult patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis attending the ENT outpatient department were selected and subjected to X-ray of the paranasal sinuses and laboratory tests. Nasal endoscopy was done in all patients to identify the presence and location of the AMO and the results presented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the 52 patients studied the X-ray of the paranasal sinuses showed positive signs of sinusitis in 32 patients (61.5%). During nasal endoscopy in those 32 patients AMO was identified in 20 patients (62.5%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In patients presenting with symptoms of chronic sinusitis, apart from routine X-ray of the para nasal sinus, identification of the AMO during nasal endoscopy provides an additional evidence of obstruction of the natural ostia of the maxillary sinus. This will be valuable information to the surgeon who is contemplating on a surgical treatment to manage the chronic sinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Islam, Md Ashraful, Tareq Mohammad, Nazmul Hossain Chowdhury, Towsif Bin Mamoon, Saif Rahman Khan, and ASM Lutfur Rahman. "A Comparative Study between Endoscopic Septoplasty and Conventional Septoplasty." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 39, no. 3 (June 19, 2021): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v39i3.54160.
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Background: Conventional nasal septal surgery depending on head light improves the nasal airway but leaves some complications, but with recent advancement in endoscopic approach limits the complication and improves the outcome. This is due to better visualization, improved illumination, avoiding unnecessary manipulation, limited exposure and scope for second surgery if required.
Aim and objective: To assess the functional outcome of endoscopic septoplasty over conventional septoplasty.
Material and method: This study was carried out in the department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery of Bangladesh Medical College Hospital and Popular Medical College Specialized Hospital over a period of 5 years (2014- 2019). Ethical clearance was obtained from Hospital authority. All consecutive patients with symptomatic deviated nasal septum who were refractory to medical treatment were included in the study. Patients were equally divided into two groups of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty. Patients & their attendants, or legal guardians (in patients of less than 18 years) were thoroughly briefed about the each operative procedure. Patients with acute rhinitis or allergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis or upper respiratory tract infection, external deformity, patients unfit for surgeries and patients not giving consent were excluded from the study. After surgery all patients were followed up monthly, 3 monthly and 6 monthly for 01 year. At each follow up visit, subjective and objective assessments were done. Objective assessment was done by Gertner-Podoshin plate and diagnostic nasal endoscopy.
Results: In this study, nasal obstruction was relieved in 91% of conventional and 95% in endoscopic septoplasty group. Headache was improved in 75.68% and 86.5% patients and snoring was improved in 79.5% & 88.6% of patients of respectively. Intraoperative complications such as hemorrhage (21.67% vs 3.33%) and mucosal tear (28.33% vs 5%) are significantly higher in conventional septoplasty group than the endoscopy group.
Conclusion: The use of endoscope in septal surgery improves visualization, illumination, and thus reduces complication with improved functional outcome. It can be performed in other diseases of nose and para nasal sinus diseases in the perspective of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 178-184
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Bateman, N., and N. S. Jones. "The use of nasal endoscopy to control profuse epistaxis from a fracture of the basi-sphenoid in a seven-year-old child." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 6 (June 1999): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100144482.
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AbstractA seven-year-old child sustained a fracture of her basisphenoid resulting in profuse, life-threatening haemorrhage which could not be controlled with a post-nasal pack. The fracture site was identified using rigid endoscopy and packed with oxidized cellulose, resulting in immediate control of the haemorrhage. The use of the nasal endoscope in the management of posterior epistaxis is discussed.
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Singla, Poonam, Ankit Gulati, Surender Singh, and Priya Malik. "To Compare the Results of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with and without Microdebrider in Patients of Nasal Polyposis." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 7, no. 2 (2014): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1196.
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ABSTRACT Objective To compare the results in patients of nasal polyposis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery with or without the use of microdebrider. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 40 patients of either sex in age group 15 to 60 years with nasal polyposis. They were divided into two groups (20 each), in group A microdebrider was used and in group B it was not used. Symptom scoring of each patient was done on the basis of nasal blockage, headache, olfactory disturbance, nasal discharge and trigeminal pressure pain. Similar scoring was followed for diagnostic endoscopy in which the scoring was done on the basis of extent of polyps, edema of middle turbinate and secretions in middle meatus. Both the left and right sides were examined and scored separately. Results The symptom and endoscopy scores were significantly higher (p < 0.02 and < 0.0001 respectively) in group B post-operatively on 14th day and after 3 months as compared to group A. Conclusion Microdebrider assisted endoscopic sinus surgery gives better results. How to cite this article Kakkar V, Sharma C, Singla P, Gulati A, Singh S, Malik P. To Compare the Results of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with and without Microdebrider in Patients of Nasal Polyposis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):61-63.
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Kamel, R. H. "Nasal endoscopy in chronic maxillary sinusitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 3 (March 1989): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100108692.
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AbstractThe role of the anterior ethmoids in the pathogenesis of chronic maxillary sinusitis is still a subject of controversy. Although the symptoms of maxillary sinusitis may be clinically dominant, many previous studies have showed that the origin of this disease was, in most cases, located within the anterior ethmoid region.This study included 100 Egyptian patients, suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis (confirmed by maxillary sinoscopy), who were subjected to ‘systematic nasal endoscopy’. It was found that all cases of chronic maxillary sinusitis were associated with anatomical variations and/or pathological abnormalities of ‘the ostiomeatal area’. It is recommended, therefore, that during the diagnosis and treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis, attention should be given to the region of the middle meatus and anterior ethmoid complex (or ‘ostiomeatal area’) for any anatomical variations and/or pathological abnormalities in order to avoid recurrence of maxillary sinusitis. This is the basis of the procedure of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
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Krishnappa, BD. "Endoscopic Removal of an Unusual Foreign Body in the Nasopharynx in a 3-Year-Old Child." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 3 (2013): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1164.
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ABSTRACT Objective Reporting a rare case of impacted foreign body (wood piece) in the nasopharynx in a 3-year-old female child of 6 cm size and its endoscopic removal. Case report A 3-year-old female child was brought by her parents with history of purulent right nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and fever for the past 3 months. Anterior rhinoscopic examination shows purulent right nasal discharge. Diagnostic endoscopy showed a foreign body in the nasopharynx. Under GA using nasal endoscope a foreign body was found to be wooden piece and the same was removed. The removed foreign bo dy was measu red and fou nd to be of 6 c m in size. Postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion Foreign body of 6 cm size in the nasopharynx in a 3-year-old child has not been reported in ‘world medical literature’. This case has been reported due to its rarity, difficulty in diagnosis and removal. How to cite this article Krishnappa BD. Endoscopic Removal of an Unusual Foreign Body in the Nasopharynx in a 3-Year-Old Child. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):140-141.
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Agrawal, Arpit, Anuj Goyal, SPS Yadav, and Rupender K. Ranga. "Endoscopic Management of Nasal Myiasis: A 10 Years Experience." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 6, no. 1 (2013): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1152.
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ABSTRACT Background The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of endoscopic removal with conventional techniques in nasal myiasis patients. Materials and methods Out of 144, 72 nasal myiasis patients treated using Hopkins rigid nasal endoscope and visible caudal end of maggots was grasped with Blakesley forceps and removed during endoscopy. Rests were identified from crawling movements or the visible caudal end was buried in necrotic material. Complete clearance of cavernous cavity of maggots in affected nasal cavity from anterior nares to choanae was done and same was repeated on other side if needed. Results The mean age in two groups was 57.5 years (range 40-60) in nasal myiasis patients whereas there were 20% males and 80% females. Mean duration of nasal symptom in both groups was 2 days. Endoscopically mean 120 maggots (range: 90-160) were removed in first sitting as compared to conventional technique where mean of 80 (range: 40-90) were achieved. The mean duration of endoscopic treatment was 2 days whereas in control group it was 5 days. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion Nasal endoscopic procedure is superior to the manual extraction method for removal of maggots. The larvae located in deep and inaccessible areas can be identified and removed easily. The disease was controlled in shorter time and in fewer sittings. Further the quick and complete eradication of myiasis ensures less damage to the intranasal tissues. How to cite this article Ranga RK, Yadav SPS, Goyal A, Agrawal A. Endoscopic Management of Nasal Myiasis: A 10 years Experience. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(1):58-60.
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Chakraborty, Priyanko, Rajiv K. Jain, Purnima Joshi, Rakhi Kumari, and Sidharth Pradhan. "Anatomic Variations of the Nose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Correlation between Nasal Endoscopic and Computerized Tomography Scan Findings and a Review of Literature." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 9, no. 1 (2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1255.
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ABSTRACT Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans are successfully used as diagnostic modalities of nose and paranasal sinus diseases. There have been many studies regarding the anatomic variations leading to pathogenesis of paranasal sinus diseases. Considerable progress has been made in the medical and surgical control of these conditions; however, a large number of questions relating to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the diseases remain unanswered. Materials and methods The study included 82 clinically diagnosed cases of CRS who underwent CT scan and were advised to undergo diagnostic endoscopy. The anatomical findings of the nose were compared to see correlation between nasal endoscopy and CT scan. Results The mean age (±standard error of the mean) of presentation was 34.11 (±1.42) years, while most patients were from the age group of 18 to 30 years. Males were predominating the study group with 62.2%, while 37.8% were females. The most common anatomic variation was deviated nasal septum with 92.68% CT reported patients. This was followed by inferior turbinate hypertrophy, septal spur, concha bullosa, and agger nasi cells. Conclusion Computed tomography scan is considered the gold standard for sinonasal imaging. Diagnostic endoscopy and CT scan are a must prior to any functional endoscopic sinus surgery. They help in assessing the extent of sinus disease and to know the variations and vital relations of the paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography scan assists the surgeon as a “road map” during endoscopic sinus surgery. How to cite this article Chakraborty P, Jain RK, Joshi P, Kumari R, Pradhan S. Anatomic Variations of the Nose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Correlation between Nasal Endoscopic and Computerized Tomography Scan Findings and a Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):13-17.
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Benninger, Michael S. "Nasal Endoscopy: Its Role in Office Diagnosis." American Journal of Rhinology 11, no. 2 (March 1997): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065897782537205.
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To clarify the role of nasal endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with nasal or sinus complaints, 100 consecutive new patients were evaluated. Patients were excluded if their only complaint was obstruction and they had a septal deviation as the only clinical finding. Each patient underwent a thorough history and head and neck examination, including anterior rhinoscopy before and after decongestion, and the diagnosis and treatment plans were documented. Each then underwent nasal endoscopy, and the diagnosis and treatments were compared. The most common diagnoses after anterior rhinoscopy were allergic rhinitis (21), nonallergic rhinitis (12), chronic sinusitis with polyps (19) or without polyps (9), and nonsinus pain (13). Nasal endoscopy played a role in 11% of patients, although in no case did endoscopy change the diagnosis or treatment plan. Endoscopy allowed visualization past an enlarged turbinate or septal deviation in six patients, confirmed a suspected diagnosis in three by visualization of the middle meatus, and detected the site of a large choanal polyp in one. In one case, endoscopy identified a paradoxical turbinate on the side opposite the symptoms and radiological findings. Routine nasal endoscopy need not be part of the evaluation of all patients with nasal sinus disorders but is particularly valuable in confirming diagnoses, particularly in patients where anterior rhinoscopy is limited by anatomic vobstruction.
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Dobberpuhl, Mitchell R., Peter J. Timoney, and Brett T. Comer. "Endoscopically Assisted Crawford Tube Placement Results in Shorter General Anesthesia Times in Pediatric Patients." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 1 (January 2018): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2018.32.4500.
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Background Crawford tube placement is commonly used to achieve patency of nasolacrimal ducts for epiphora secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The nasal passages of pediatric patients are narrower than adults, and the result is a relatively higher risk of intranasal complications (e.g., synechiae, bleeding) with Crawford tube placement. There is evidence that general anesthesia may negatively affect the neurocognitive function and behavioral development of children, which prompts efforts to decrease operation times for potential health benefits and also potentially to reduce health care costs. Analysis ofresearch reports supports the use of nasal endoscopy to reduce intranasal complications with Crawford tube placement; however, no publications currently address the effect of nasal endoscopy concurrent with Crawford tube placement on operative times on pediatric patients or the resulting effects on health care costs. Objective To determine the difference in procedure time and cost between Crawford tubes placed traditionally and those placed with endoscopic assistance in pediatric patients. Methods A chart review was performed from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016 for cases using CPT codes 68815 or 31231. Within this group of patients, the patient in whom nasal endoscopy was performed were placed in the “endoscopic” group and the patients without endoscopy were placed in the “traditional” group. Procedure times were noted, and the t-test was performed to examine for any statistically significant difference in operative times. Estimates of anesthesia cost savings were made. We identified 24 patients in the traditional group and 7 patients in the endoscopic group. Results The average operative time for the traditional group was 27.3 minutes compared with 14.0 minutes for the endoscopic group (p = 0.02). The cost comparison data revealed no significant difference with the traditional group averaging $9369 per procedure and the endoscopic group averaging $8891 (p = 0.51). Conclusion An endoscopically assisted Crawford tube placement resulted in patients who had less time under general anesthesia compared with the traditional technique at no difference in cost.
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Strong, E. Bradley. "Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 6, no. 2 (June 2013): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1332212.
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External dacryocystorhinostomy was described in early 20th century. The introduction of nasal endoscopy and endoscopic sinus surgery in the 1980s paved the way for a transnasal endoscopic approach to lacrimal system. This article will review the indications and surgical techniques used for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
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Ghose, Supriyo, Manpreet S. Chhabra, Alok Thakar, Bubul Roy, Mandeep S. Bajaj, Neelam Pushker, and Rajveer Singh. "Nasal Endoscopy in Congenital Dacryocystitis." Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 43, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20061101-03.
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Mahajan, SB, LK Kochhar, and AK Gupta. "Sinugenic Headache and Nasal Endoscopy." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 59, no. 2 (April 2003): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(03)80055-2.
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Taha, Mohamed A., Christian A. Hall, and Henry P. Barham. "Nasal Endoscopy During COVID-19." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 34, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892420939816.
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Safaya, A., V. P. Venkatachalam, and N. Chaudhary. "Nasal endoscopy-evaluation in epistaxis." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 52, no. 2 (April 2000): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03000330.
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Varadharajan, Ramesh, and Sonee Thingujam. "Prevalence of Gerlach tonsil: a mucosa associated lymphoid tissue aggregation in the nasopharynx." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20205399.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The major aggregate of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx is the adenoid. The minor aggregate located in the nasopharynx is the Gerlach tonsils or tubal tonsils. The Gerlach tonsils are well described in the text books. But unlike the adenoids they are rarely visualized during routine endoscopic examination. Several studies conducted in children for recurrence of adenoids or serous otitis media after surgery; have reported tubal tonsil hypertrophy widely. This study in adults aims to see the prevalence of Gerlach or tubal tonsils visible during nasal endoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The case records of 155 adult patients, aged between 18-50 years, who underwent pre-operative diagnostic nasal endoscopy for the management of septal deviations, chronic Sinusitis, nasal polyposis or eustachian dysfunction between Jan. 2019 to March 2020 are retrospectively reviewed and the endoscopy findings analyzed and presented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Gerlach tonsil hypertrophy is reported to be more prevalent in children than in adults. When hypertrophied, the Gerlach tonsils can cause symptoms in adults also and can be visualized during nasal endoscopy. In this adult study, we report a 0.6% incidence of Gerlach tonsil hypertrophy. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The possibility of a Gerlach tonsil hypertrophy is to be remembered during nasal endoscopy in adult patients presenting with symptoms of eustachian dysfunction and past history of allergic rhinitis and adeno tonsillectomy. Comparing the size of the contra lateral torus tubaris and the eustachian tube opening during the act of swallowing is helpful in diagnosis.</p>
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Snidvongs, K., D. Dalgorf, L. Kalish, R. Sacks, E. Pratt, and R. J. Harvey. "Modified Lund Mackay Postoperative Endoscopy Score for defining inflammatory burden in chronic rhinosinusitis." Rhinology journal 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino13.056.
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Objective: The Lund Mackay Postoperative Endoscopy Score (LMES) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a poor measure of the patient experience. A proposed Modified Lund Mackay Postoperative Endoscopy Score (MLMES) aims to better describe the inflammatory burden in CRS. Methods: A prospective study on CRS patients having endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was conducted. Endoscopy was recorded at the 6th and the 12th week post-op. The MLMES recorded changes in mucosa, mucus and purulence for each of the maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal sinuses and olfactory fossa in post-ESS cavities. The correlation between MLMES and visual analogue scale of total rhinosinusitis symptoms, global anchor score of nasal function, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) and nasal symptom score was analyzed. The inter-observer reliability, intra-observer reliability and correlation between the change in MLMES and in subjective measures were also investigated. Results: Thirty patients were assessed. The MLMES significantly correlated with visual analogue scale, SNOT-22, global anchor and nasal symptom score. The change in MLMES correlated with the change in SNOT-22 and nasal symptom score. The inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were excellent. Conclusion: Objectives measurements for post-ESS patients can be reconsidered to represent the cumulative inflammatory burden of all sinuses. The proposed MLMES represents total sinus inflammatory burden and correlates well with patient reported outcome measures.
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Dawood, Mohammed R., and Ammar H. Khammas. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiology and Endoscopy in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1251.
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ABSTRACT Aim To clarify the diagnostic accuracy of the lateral X-ray of nasopharynx, and the flexible nasopharyngoscopy in the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, with the preoperative rigid nasal endoscopic observation, as it was considered as a reference standard guide. Materials and methods This is a prospective observational study that included 80 children who planned to undergo adenoidectomy due to the symptoms found related to adenoid hypertrophy. All the children underwent a relevant clinical history and full ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination, and the grading of adenoid hypertrophy was done preoperatively with the lateral X-ray of the nasopharynx and the flexible nasopharyngoscopy. These findings were analyzed and compared with the peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, which was considered as a reference guide. Results There were 44 boys (55%) and 36 girls (45%), with mean age of 5.176 (±1.873) years, and the highest frequency of adenoid hypertrophy was found in the age group of 4 to 6 years (62.45%); the most common grade of the adenoid size in all the types of the assessment was grade 3. The assessment of adenoid grading by both flexible and peroperative rigid nasal endoscopy versus radiology was statistically significant, with p value of 0.0001, while the adenoid grading between flexible and peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic assessment was almost comparable, as no significant difference was found, with p value of 0.46. Conclusion Flexible nasopharyngoscopy was a more reliable diagnostic tool in the assessment of the adenoid size than lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray, as it correlates well with peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic finding. How to cite this article Dawood MR, Khammas AH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiology and Endoscopy in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):6-9.
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Ramrakha, Sanjay, Thomas J. Borody, Kylie J. Herdman, Jordana Campbell, and Loraine Holley. "Nasal Vs Oro-Nasal Oxygenation and Capnography During Endoscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 67, no. 5 (April 2008): AB283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.03.804.
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