Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nasa people'

Le contexte de recherche de cette thèse est le développement d'outils informatiques dans un cadre interculturel. La thèse prend comme cas d'étude le peuple nasa, aborigène de Colombie conservant d'importantes caractéristiques culturelles. La problématique de recherche est née à partir des différences culturelles entre ce peuple rural et la société productrice des dispositifs informatiques. Les processus d'adaptation culturelle se concentrent en général sur la traduction textuelle et sur des éléments faciles à étudier. Cependant, la culture est implicite dans une large gamme d'aspects de la conception et utilisation d'un système informatique. Par exemple, la métaphore du bureau est basée sur des éléments typiques d'un environnement de travail urbain. Toutefois, les dossiers, fichiers et autres composants de l'interface sont moins courants dans le contexte nasa. Cette thèse réalise deux contributions majeures. Premièrement, un modèle culturel qui aide à l'étude de caractéristiques socioculturelles importantes dans le développement d'outils informatiques (la langue, l'environnement et la technologie, l'organisation sociale, la structuration de l'espace, et les signes non-linguistiques). Deuxièmement, une méthode de description de conception intégrant les caractéristiques culturelles à des patrons de conception. Ceux-ci rendent possible la représentation de l'influence de la culture sur la production d'un outil. Ces contributions ont été appliquées dans le contexte nasa et deux outils ont été mis en oeuvre dans deux écoles en suivant une méthode de conception participative. Un catalogue initial de patrons décrit la résolution de différents problèmes de conception.
The research context of this thesis is the inter-cultural development of computer tools. The thesis considers as case study the Nasa people, a Colombian native society, which preserves different traditions and cultural particularities. The research questioning emerges from the sociocultural differences between a rural society, such as the Nasa, and the computer-producing societies. In general, cultural adaptation processes focus on the linguistic translation and factors easy to study. However, the developer¿s culture is implicit in a wide range of aspects of the production of interactive systems. For example, the office metaphor, commonly used in personal computers, is based on everyday objects found in a urban work context. Nevertheless, desktops, files, folders are less familiar in the Nasa environment, resulting in a misunderstood analogy. This thesis accomplish two main contributions. First, a cultural model for the study of important sociocultural characteristics in the development of computer tools (language, environment and technology, social organization, spatial structures and non-verbal signs. ) Second, a design description method that integrates the cultural characteristics identified by the model into design patterns. These contributions have been applied in the Nasa context, where two different tools have been developed following a participative method. These tools were designed and evaluated with students and teachers of two schools. An initial catalog of patterns describes how the design issues found have been resolved

Nel corso degli ultimi cinquant’anni (1970-2020), le comunità indigene nasa del Dipartimento del Cauca (Colombia) si sono confrontate con processi necropolitici di segregazione territoriale e di violenza sistemica (Mbembe, 2006; Rozental, 2017), alimentati dalla secolare problematica del mancato riconoscimento delle terre ancestrali, dal conflitto armato interno colombiano, dall’attività delle transnazionali estrattiviste che operano nella regione e dalla proliferazione della problematica del narcotraffico (Peñaranda Supelano, 2012; Navia Lame, 2013; Peñaranda Supelano, 2015; CRIC, 2020). Per fronteggiare questi radicati dispositivi di espropiazione, violenza e silenziamento etnico, la popolazione nasa ha progressivamente riconfigurato le strategie di difesa della propria autonomia culturale e politica (Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Valero Gutiérrez, 2016). Nel quadro continentale del consolidamento organizzato delle rivendicazioni indigene, culminato nell’ultimo decennio del XX secolo nella cosiddetta emergencia indígena (Bengoa, 2007; Bengoa, 2009), le comunità nasa hanno plasmato modalità di resistenza multidimensionali, dove la tradizionale difesa pacifica dei confini territoriali è stata accompagnata da impulsi alla tutela dei propri spazi del sapere. Nel corso degli ultimi due decenni si sono strutturate strategie di salvaguardia dell’identità culturale comunitaria fondate sull’idea della custodia del “territorio dell’immaginario” (Almendra, 2017) dai dispositivi di invasione discorsiva e simbolica propri del necropotere (López Barcenas, 2007; Walsh, 2010): un meccanismo di protezione di epistemologie, cosmovisioni, lingua e spiritualità nasa, attuato a partire dalla delineazione di una nuova concezione autonoma della parola, tanto nell’esperienza dell’oralità come nelle sue espressioni scritte (Escobar, 2016). In questo contesto di studio, la tesi investiga un corpus di scritture realizzate da membri delle comunità indigene nasa in epoca contemporanea (1970-2020). La ricerca propone un’interpretazione della nozione-pratica del palabrandar, elaborata nell’ambito delle epistemologie nasa, come strumento ermeneutico centrale per la comprensione delle scritture analizzate e degli attuali immaginari di resistenza della popolazione caucana. La proposta del palabrandar si configura nel testo Entre la Emancipación y la Captura (2017) della scrittrice di etnia nasa-misak Vilma Almendra Quiguanás come una modalità autonoma di riflessione sull’esercizio della parola, concepita in una relazione di interdipendenza ontologica con l’azione di beneficio per la comunità (Almendra, 2017). La ricerca è strutturata in due tappe. Nei primi due capitoli si propone uno sguardo di analisi diacronico del processo di costituzione del prisma epistemologico della nozione-pratica del palabrandar, a partire dallo studio della produzione scritta di due autori nasa: Álvaro Ulcué Chocué (1943-1984) e Vilma Almendra Quiguanás (1979). Gli scritti del sacerdote cattolico di etnia nasa Ulcué Chocué, parzialmente inediti, sono interpretati come antecedente fondamentale della concezione autonoma della parola configurata nel testo Entre la Emancipación y la Captura di Vilma Almendra Quiguanas. Nel corso dell’analisi, si suggerisce una collocazione delle connotazioni epistemiche del palabrandar all’interno di una cartografia gnoseologica dei saperi indigeni dell’Abiayala, intesa qui nella sua integralità di pluriverso di enunciazione ed espressione delle conoscenze ancestrali in una dimensione di futuralità (Escobar, 2016; Rocha Vivas, 2017; Escobar, 2018). Nella seconda parte della tesi si elabora un’analisi orientata a delineare le forme semantiche e simboliche attraverso cui la nozione del palabrandar si traduce in pratica di scrittura. Si propone uno studio delle produzione scritte di alcuni membri della comunità nasa, interpretate nella loro dimensione di testualità oralettegrafiche (Rocha Vivas, 2017), ovvero scritture conformate da codici multidimensionali che possono trovare la loro espressione finale in un libro o in altri spazi di trasmissione del sapere nasa, come le pietre o le pareti (Faust, 2001; Rappaport, 2004; Rappaport, 2008; Perdomo, 2013). In questa prospettiva, il corpus di analisi si compone di alcuni passaggi testuali del volume Entre la Emancipación y la Captura di Vilma Almendra Quiguanás e di una serie di scritture (graffiti) realizzate da membri della comunità nasa nello spazio pubblico del territorio di Toribío, decodificato attraverso la contestualizzazione alle epistemologie nasa degli strumenti teorico-metodologici forniti dagli studi sul Paesaggio linguistico in aree di tensione sociale (Shoamy y Gorter, 2008; Delgado, 2011; Rubdy, 2015; Woldemariam, 2016). La traiettoria esegetica elaborata si struttura metodologicamente a partire dall’inquadramento delle scritture contemporanee del popolo nasa in uno spazio ontologico del sapere autonomo, inserito in un processo di dialogo con alcune proposte delle scienze sociali e umane che riproduce la dimensione interculturale delle attuali dinamiche di negoziazione del sapere nelle comunità nasa (Rappaport, 2003; Bengoa, 2009). Categorie come ‘scrittura’, ‘resistenza’ e ‘territorio’ si interpretano quindi a partire dalle significazioni assunte nell’universo epistemologico nasa (Rappaport, 2004; Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Perdomo, 2013; G. Ulcué, 2015; Sanabria Monroy, 2016; Muñoz Atillo, 2018). Il percorso ermeneutico adottato è sostentato da un lavoro sul campo presso diverse comunità nasa del settore nordorientale del Cauca, realizzato attraverso cinque viaggi nel territorio tra il settembre del 2018 e il settembre del 2020. Oltre alla realizzazione di una ricerca di archivio presso la Biblioteca Parrocchiale di Toribío, il lavoro sul campo è consistito in conversazioni, interviste e intercambi con membri della comunità nasa, partecipazione in assemblee e rituali, nell’intento di dialogare con gli spazi del sapere indigeno caucano in ogni sua dimensione di espressione: l’oralità, la ritualità, l’incontro collettivo e la scrittura (Garzón Lopez, 2013; Rocha Vivas, 2017).
In the last fifty years (1970-2020), indigenous Nasa communities in the Cauca Department (Colombia) have faced necropolitical processes of territorial segregation and systemic violence (Mbembe, 2006; Rozental, 2017), fomented by the century-old problem of the failure to acknowledge their ancestral homelands, by the internal Colombian armed conflict, by the activity of the transnational extractive industries operating in the region, and by the proliferation of narcotraffic (Peñaranda Supelano, 2012; Navia Lame, 2013; Peñaranda Supelano, 2015; CRIC, 2020). To face these entrenched devices of expropriation, violence, and ethnic silencing, Nasa people have progressively reconfigured the strategies in defence of their cultural and political autonomy (Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Valero Gutiérrez, 2016). In the framework of the organised strengthening of indigenous claims in the continent, culminating in the so-called emergencia indígena in the last decade of the 20th century (Bengoa, 2007; Bengoa, 2009), Nasa communities have forged multidimensional modalities of resistance, in which the traditional pacific conservation of territorial boundaries combines with the need to safeguard their own knowledge space. In the last two decades, Nasa communities have developed strategies to safeguard their communal cultural identity. These strategies are based on the idea of the defence of the “territory of the imagination” (Almendra, 2017) from the devices of discursive and symbolic invasion typical of necropower (López Barcenas, 2007; Walsh, 2010): a protective mechanism of Nasa epistemologies, cosmovisions, language, and spirituality, whose starting point is represented by the outline of a new autonomous conception of the word, in both the oral experience and its written expressions (Escobar, 2016). In this context, the present thesis investigates a corpus of writings realized by members of the indigenous Nasa communities in contemporary times (1970-2020). The research proposes an interpretation of the know-how of palabrandar, conceptualised in Nasa epistemologies, as the central hermeneutic tool for an understanding of the selected writings and of the actual images of resistance of the Cauca people. The proposal of palabrandar is defined in the text Entre la Emancipación y la Captura (2017) by the Nasa-Misak writer Vilma Almendra Quiguanás as an autonomous modality of reflection on the word, which is understood in a relationship of ontological interdependence with the action of benefit for the community (Almendra, 2017). The research is structured in two phases. The first two chapters propose a diachronic analysis of the founding process of the epistemological prism of the know-how of palabrandar, starting from an investigation of the written production of two Nasa authors: Álvaro Ulcué Chocué (1943-1984) and Vilma Almendra Quiguanás (1979). The writings, some of them unpublished, of the Catholic priest of Nasa ethnicity Ulcué Chocué are interpreted as a fundamental antecedent to the word’s autonomous conception as defined in the text Entre la Emancipación y la Captura by Vilma Almendra Quiguanas. The analysis seeks to discuss a positioning of the epistemic connotations of palabrandar within a gnosiological cartography of the indigenous knowledge of Abiayala, interpreted in its integrality of pluriverse of enunciation and expression of ancestral knowledge in a futural dimension (Escobar, 2016; Rocha Vivas, 2017; Escobar, 2018). The second part of the thesis aims to outline the semantic and symbolic forms through which the notion of palabrandar translates into written expressions. The writings of some members of the Nasa community are discussed taking into account their dimension of oralitegraphic textualities (Rocha Vivas, 2017), that is textual productions shaped by the confluence of multidimensional codes, which can be expressed through books or other spaces where Nasa knowledge is transmitted, such as stones or walls (Faust, 2001; Rappaport, 2004; Rappaport, 2008; Perdomo, 2013). In this perspective, the analysed corpus consists of some textual passages from the volume Entre la Emancipación y la Captura by Vilma Almendra Quiguanás and of a series of written productions (graffiti) realised by members of the Nasa community in the public space of the Toribío territory. The latter has been decoded by contextualising and applying to Nasa epistemologies the theoretical-methodological tools of linguistic landscape research in areas of social tension (Shoamy y Gorter, 2008; Delgado, 2011; Rubdy, 2015; Woldemariam, 2016). The exegetic trajectory developed in the thesis is structured methodologically by inserting the contemporary Nasa written productions in an ontological space of autonomous knowledge, which dialogues with proposals from the social and human sciences. This dialogical process reproduces the intercultural dimension of the actual dynamics of the negotiation of knowledge in Nasa communities (Rappaport, 2003; Bengoa, 2009). Consequently, categories such as ‘writing’, ‘resistance’, and ‘territory’ are interpreted according to the signification they possess in the epistemological Nasa universe (Rappaport, 2004; Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Perdomo, 2013; G. Ulcué, 2015; Sanabria Monroy, 2016; Muñoz Atillo, 2018). The adopted hermeneutic path is supported by fieldwork in different Nasa communities in the North-East Cauca region, and in particular by five research trips between September 2018 and September 2020. Fieldwork has consisted of archival research at the Parish Library in Toribío, conversations, interviews and interchanges with members of the Nasa community, the participation in meetings and rituals in the attempt to dialogue with the spaces of Cauca indigenous knowledge in every dimension of its expression: orality, rituality, collective gathering, and writing (Garzón Lopez, 2013; Rocha Vivas, 2017).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-155). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Criado pelo Governo Federal, em 2008, o Projovem Adolescente Serviço Socioeducativo vem sendo executado de forma descentralizada e através de parcerias que envolvem o Governo Federal e governos de administrações locais. De natureza socioeducativa, compreendemos o Projovem Adolescente como uma iniciativa pública que propõe adensar e diversificar os processos de socialização secundária e ampliar os suportes de determinados segmentos da juventude brasileira, mediante (re)inserção do jovem no sistema escolar e o oferecimento de atividades de educação não formal. A partir de inquietações profissionais da pesquisadora, o estudo visou (1) compreender os processos de implantação e implementação da versão do Projovem Adolescente Serviço socioeducativo, num território específico da cidade de Ribeirão Preto; (2) verificar os interesses e as opiniões dos sujeitos que interagiram com as atividades socioeducativas e ainda; (3) levantar as contribuições daquela iniciativa pública aos jovens homens e mulheres que tiveram interesse em acessar e fruir das ações educativas de natureza não formal ou não escolar sob a perspectiva da socialização secundária e dos suportes. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, no qual realizamos levantamento e leitura de obras pertinentes às temáticas centrais da pesquisa, formulamos e aplicamos questionário estruturado com 47 jovens que participaram das atividades socioeducativas do Projovem nos anos de 2008 a 2012, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro (4) profissionais representantes da geração adulta que interagiram com aqueles jovens; e investimos em atividades de observação. O conjunto dos dados obtidos por meio dos procedimentos mencionados foi analisado, a partir de referências situadas nos domínios das Ciências Sociais. Os resultados indicaram que as etapas de implantação e desenvolvimento dos Coletivos socioeducativos do Projovem Adolescente em diferentes bairros de Ribeirão Preto, especialmente no bairro Quintino II, foram marcadas por problemas de diferentes ordens: estruturais, de recursos humanos, e dificuldades dos responsáveis diretos em estabelecer parcerias com os setores municipais e demais instituições, em especial com os gestores das unidades escolares. Já os resultados da aplicação dos questionários, da observação e das interações com os sujeitos jovens, demonstraram que o poder público local não proporcionou espaços e condições adequadas para os jovens viverem a condição juvenil com qualidade. Ao ingressar nas atividades socioeducativas da Estação do Alto, no bairro Quintino II, os jovens buscavam ampliar as opções de socialização secundária, principalmente aquelas direcionadas à capacitação para a inserção no trabalho formal, de acesso às atividades culturais, de lazer e ocupação do tempo livre e adensar a rede de amizades. Para os jovens que permaneceram nas atividades socioeducativas da Estação do Alto, eles tiveram suas experiências juvenis mais diversificadas, pois puderam expandir os quadros socializadores e contar com o suporte possibilitado pelas interações intergeracionais e o grupo de pares. Por outro lado, os jovens que não permaneceram nas atividades do Projeto, relataram que se desinteressaram pelas atividades educativas em virtude de sua fragilidade, por que não viram suas necessidades ou demandas contempladas, por que encontraram na esfera do trabalho, no matrimônio, na maternidade ou no mundo do ilícito outras referências significativas e socializadoras.
Created by the Federal Government in 2008, the Projovem Adolescente Socio-educational Service project has been carried out in a decentralized manner and through partnerships which involve the Federal Government and local administration governments. Socio-educational in its nature, we understand the Projovem Adolescente project as a public initiative which aims to intensify and diversify the secondary socialization processes and amplify support to certain layers of the Brazilian youth, through (re)insertion of the young subjects into the educational system and the provision of non-formal educational activities. Based on professional observations and inquiries from the researcher, this study aimed to (1) understand the processes of implantation and implementation of the version of the Projovem Adolescente Socio-educational Service project, in a specific territory of the city of Ribeirão Preto; (2) verify the interests and opinions of the subjects that interacted with the projects socio-educational activities and; (3) bring up the contributions of this public initiative to young people men and women who were interested in taking part and enjoying the non-formal educational actions under the perspective of support and the secondary socialization. The study has a qualitative nature, and in it we reviewed and studied the literature concerning the core themes of the research, formulated and applied a structured questionnaire with 47 young people who participed in the socio-educacional activities of Projovem between the years 2008 and 2012, we conducted semi-structured interviews with four (4) professionals representatives of the adult generation who interacted with the young people, and we invested in observation activities. The data collected by means of the aforementioned procedures were analyzed from references placed in the domain of the Social Sciences. The results indicated who that the stages of implementation and development of the socio-educational Collectives of the Projovem Adolescente project in different neighborhoods of Ribeirão Preto, specially Quintino II, showed important problems of different natures: structure, human resources, and difficulties of those directly in charge in establishing partnerships with city offices and other institutions, specially school unit principals. On the other hand, the results of the questionnaires, the observations and the interactions with the young subjects demonstrated that local government did not provide adequate space and conditions for young people to live juvenile condition with quality. Entering in the socio-educational activities of the Estação do Alto, in the Quintino II neighborhood, young people made an effort to broaden their options of secondary socialization, especially those aimed at the preparation for work-market inclusion, cultural activity and leisure access, free time activities, and friendship network improvement. For young people who remained in socio-educational activities at the Estação do Alto, they had more diverse youth experiences, because they were able to broaden their socializing scenes and count on the support provided by the intergenerational group of peers. On the other hand, young people who did not remain in the project activities stated lack of interest for the educational activities due to their weakness, because they didnt see their needs or demands satisfied, or because they found in the work environment, in matrimony, in maternity or in the sphere of illegality other significant and socializing references.

This doctoral thesis explores the entanglement of religion and identity politics in the Indo-Burma borderlands and the indigenisation of Christianity there through grassroots processes of cultural revivalism. The ethnographic focus is on the Sumi Naga from the state of Nagaland in Northeast India. While the Sumi started converting to Baptist Christianity at the beginning of the twentieth century, conversion rates accelerated especially in the 1950s and again in the 1970s when two evangelical revivals swept across the lands of the Sumi and resulted in their conversion en masse. Significantly, these Great Revivals coincided in time with the most turbulent political history of this borderland region, as the Sumi, alongside all other Naga, were waging an armed struggle against the Indian nation-state for their right to self-determination and independence. While this struggle is now largely being fought with political rather than military means, it remains ideologically motivated by Naga perceptions of their distinct ethnic identity, history and culture compared to the rest of India. Baptist Christianity has played a central role in shaping and sustaining these perceptions. Over the past several decades following the Second Great Revival in the 1970s there has been a movement from within Sumi society to reconstruct and redefine their identity by drawing heavily on both their contemporary religion (Baptist Christianity) and their 'good' pre-Christian culture, which had been demonised and rejected in the course of earlier conversions. Discourses have been circulating in public space on the urgent need to reconceptualise collective Sumi identity by reviving, or preserving, those aspects of pre-Christian Sumi culture that are perceived as 'good' and constitutive of Sumi-ness but are currently 'under threat' of being gradually lost to modernity and foreign influences. These discourses are directly linked to processes of cultural revivalism across Nagaland, which have been motivated by a sense of the perceived loss of 'good' cultural heritage and cultural roots. This thesis is an ethnographic study of these processes of identity (re)construction within a Sumi Naga community. It sets out to examine the ways in which Baptist Christianity is central to everyday life in a Sumi village and how it plays an important role in forging group cohesion and solidarity through ritual practice and various forms of fellowship. The thesis then proceeds to study the phenomenon of cultural revivalism in both its discursive and practical manifestations. The thesis argues that the cultural revival has not reduced the centrality of Baptist Christianity to Sumi self-ascriptions and perceptions of identity, but is rather thought to have enriched it and given it a stronger cultural foundation. Hence, a Sumi Naga Christianity is being created which is perceived as unique, indigenous and distinct in its own right. The thesis attempts to explore the essence of this vernacular Christianity against the backdrop of its specific historical, economic, political and spiritual context and the all-encompassing Naga struggle against the Indian nation-state. In pursuing these issues, the thesis locates itself within debates on the intersection between religion and identity politics, which prevail in many contemporary contributions to the anthropology of Christianity.

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This paper presents the main aspects of Game Theory, showing its application as an analytical tool in People Management with respect to the variable salary. It considers the organization and worker as general concepts, without identifying the sector, business field, legal classification according to their revenue, total employees or market share of the organization. Likewise the concept worker receives no identification on the business field where they work, function, salary or professional training. The organization is any structure that generates goods and services for society and the worker is every element that employs its workforce in the production of goods and services. The objectives set for this study are: to identify the possibilities of application of Game Theory in People Management considering the variable salary as an element of conflict between the organization and the worker; to show whether the extensive form representation is more appropriate or not to analyze the clash scenario in the decision to hire or not the worker or pay more or pay less and the existence of Nash Equilibrium. The qualitative methodology with bibliographic and documentary support features this qualitative research according to the research methodology. Qualitative methods help to interpret the everyday phenomena, which may be composed of symbolic data located in a particular context. The documentary research is an important contribution to the study of the proposed topic, since qualitative research is not a rigidly structured proposal and this allows the researcher to use imagination and creativity to achieve the goal. The results obtained by the research point out that it is possible the application of Game Theory in People Management considering the clash between the players (the worker and the organization) about the salary, as can be seen in chapter 4 in the matrix representations of payoff of a strategic game and pictures 9, 10, 11, and 16. The representation in extensive form, is another goal, indicating the payoffs between two central decisions represented by X = flexibility with waiver of rights by workers and Y = flexibility / adaptation / negotiation, as shown in picture 16. By analyzing the picture, the personnel manager realizes existing strategies for organization and worker for decision making, while assessing the present situation and doing simulations for new proposals. Finally the Nash Equilibrium for application in People Management is discussed in section 4.1.3, making it possible to verify that both the worker and the organization can reach a favorable decision for both and keep their originally intended purposes. In picture 17, this balance is shown after the decision is made by the worker in face of the proposal made by the organization in the wake O2 and the worker got the sequence branch T2 with the value of 20 coins. The potentiality of Game Theory in People Management arises from the fact that those who work in an organization share good or bad results obtained by the choices of others, individual choices and the choices built collectively. When the worker decides to produce less, the company suffers a loss of income generated by the slower pace of work.
Esta dissertação apresenta os principais aspectos da Teoria dos Jogos, mostrando sua aplicação como instrumento analítico na Gestão de Pessoas no que diz respeito à variável salário. Considera a organização e o trabalhador como conceitos gerais, sem identificar o setor de atuação, ramo de atividade, classificação jurídica em função do seu faturamento, total de empregados ou participação de mercado dessa organização. Da mesma forma o conceito trabalhador não recebe qualquer identificação em relação ao setor de atividade onde trabalha, função, salário ou formação profissional. A organização é toda estrutura que gera bens e serviços para a sociedade e o trabalhador é todo elemento que emprega sua força de trabalho na produção de bens e serviços. Os objetivos estabelecidos para este estudo são: identificar as possibilidades de aplicação da Teoria dos Jogos na Gestão de Pessoas considerando a variável salário como elemento de conflito entre a organização e o trabalhador; mostrar se a forma de representação extensiva é mais apropriada ou não para analisar o cenário de embate na decisão de contratar ou não o trabalhador ou pagar mais ou menos salário e a existência do Equilíbrio de Nash. A metodologia qualitativa com apoio bibliográfico e documental caracteriza esta pesquisa qualitativa quanto a metodologia de pesquisa. Os métodos qualitativos contribuem para interpretar fenômenos do cotidiano, podendo ser composto por dados simbólicos situados em determinado contexto. A pesquisa documental é uma contribuição importante ao estudo do tema proposto, já que a pesquisa qualitativa não é uma proposta rigidamente estruturada e isto permite que o pesquisador use a imaginação e criatividade para atingir o objetivo. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa dão conta de que é possível a aplicação da Teoria dos Jogos na Gestão de Pessoas considerando o embate entre os jogadores (o trabalhador e a organização) em torno do salário, discutido no capítulo 4 nas representações da matriz de payoff de um jogo estratégico e nas figuras 9,10,11,e 16. A representação na forma extensiva, outro objetivo, indicando os payoffs entre duas decisões centrais representadas por X = flexibilização com renúncia dos direitos pelos trabalhadores e Y = flexibilização/adaptação/negociação, conforme figura 16. O gestor de pessoas percebe as estratégias existentes para a organização e trabalhador para a tomada de decisão, ao mesmo tempo em que pode avaliar a situação que esteja vivendo e fazer simulações em busca de novas propostas. Por fim, o Equilíbrio de Nash para a aplicação na Gestão de Pessoas é discutido no item 4.1.3, sendo possível verificar que tanto o trabalhador como a organização podem chegar a uma decisão favorável para ambos e manter seus objetivos pretendidos inicialmente. Na figura 17, esse equilíbrio é apresentado depois da tomada de decisão do trabalhador pela proposta feita pela organização na sequência O2 e o trabalhador ficou com o ramo de sequência T2 com o valor de 20 moedas. A potencialidade da Teoria dos Jogos na Gestão de Pessoas está no fato de que quem atua em uma organização compartilha resultados bons ou ruins obtidos pelas escolhas alheias, individuais e construídas coletivamente.

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This study was developed by the Graduate Program in History with specialization in History and Historical Culture and the search line in History and Rationalities objected as the process which ended slavery in Brazil and more specifically in the province of North Parahyba from the actions of abolitionists, politicians and enslaved people. The cutting time corresponds to the last decades of the XIX century (1870-1888), because at that time the slavery crisis deepened. So we rely on the theoretical contributions of Social History with the considerations of E. P. Thompson, more specifically the concept of experience. The methodology used to achieve the goals was basically discoursed analysis and microhistory. The centuries of slavery were responsible for forging a slave Political Culture able to influence from everyday actions between free and poor, especially with regard to conservative positioning by the political elite, even actions of judges and landowners. We used a diversified documentary corpus that includes: newspapers, correspondence of classification boards, the provincial presidents reporting, freedom and other actions. Our research analyzes three segments that complement each other as follows: a) The acting of the abolitionists, their speeches and actions with the creation of abolitionism and newspaper associations; b) The positioning of two political representatives of the province on slavery to the debate on chinese immigration led by Manoel Pedro Cardoso Vieira with "separate vote" to the project Saraiva-Cotegipe Law of Souza Carvalho Viscount; and c) The resistance of enslaved people through the actions of freedom. Among the results we see that even the province with a small number of slaves there was strong opposition to the end of slavery.
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, com área de concentração em História e Cultura Histórica, e na linha de pesquisa em História e Regionalidades. Tem como objeto o processo no qual findou a escravidão no Brasil, e mais especificamente na província da Parahyba do Norte, à partir da atuação dos abolicionistas, dos políticos e dos escravizados. O recorte temporal são as últimas décadas do século XIX (1870-1888), anos nos quais a crise do escravismo se acentuou. Para tanto, nos apoiamos aos aportes teóricos da História Social, com as contribuições de E. P. Thompson, mas notadamente o conceito de experiência. A metodologia empregada para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram basicamente a análise do discurso e a micro-história. Os séculos de escravidão foram responsáveis por forjar uma Cultura Política Escravista, capaz de influenciar desde ações cotidianas entre a população livre e pobre, sobretudo o posicionamento conservador de parte da elite política, ou ainda na insistência de juízes e proprietários. Utilizamos um diversificado corpus documental que incluem: jornais, correspondência das juntas de classificação, relatórios dos presidentes de província, ações de liberdade e outros. Nossa pesquisa, analisa em três segmentos que se complementam assim, a atuação dos abolicionistas, seus discursos e ações, com a criação de associações abolicionistas e jornais; o posicionamento de dois políticos representantes da província, sobre a escravidão, como o debate sobre imigração chinesa travado por Manoel Pedro Cardoso Vieira o “voto em separado” ao projeto da Lei Saraiva-Cotegipe, do Visconde de Souza Carvalho; e a resistência dos escravizados através das ações de liberdade. Percebemos que mesmo a província ter um pequeno número de escravizados, houve uma forte oposição ao fim da escravidão.

With majority of the world’s poor living in rural areas and engaging in agriculture governments and NGOs have taken measures to promote agricultural activities so as to alleviate poverty. Uganda’s Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) which serves as the government’s main development intervention to reduce poverty acknowledges agriculture as one of the strategies aimed to increase income levels of the poor. Provisions of agricultural advisory services in addition to establishment of agricultural research centers amongst others; are some of the initiatives put in place by the government. However in spite of the all these efforts, there is concern about the growing non-agricultural informal activities as alternative sources of income in Uganda, a country with high agricultural potential. It is in this context therefore, that this research study seeks to find out why individuals and rural households in Kasenge Parish, Mukono district engage in small scale stone extraction. This study also seeks to identify the constraints and the vulnerabilities associated with small scale quarrying activities and further assess the effects of laws, policies and institutions in enhancing or hindering these activities. This research study also endeavors to explore the different livelihood outcomes realized by the stone workers and Kasenge parish as a result of stone quarrying activities. The study relies on information collected qualitatively through individual and group interviews coupled with personal observations in addition to documented data from published and unpublished articles. Based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, findings revealed that small scale stone quarrying was both a poverty and market driven activity; that was enhanced by political stability and rural-urban population increase. Informal stone extraction however, was prone to human and economic shocks that affect the workers, quarrying activities and the outcomes as well. The findings further showed that small scale quarrying activities are not affected by the law that governs mineral extraction. In fact the Mineral Policy enhances small scale mining for national, socio-economic development. However, women at Kasenge are constrained by gender roles and informal regulations. The livelihood outcomes realized were both tangible and non-tangible to the workers and the Kasenge community. In view of this, the study recommends official recognition of small scale quarrying so as to enhance sustainable development in harvesting of a non-renewable natural resource. Key words: Small Scale Mineral Extraction, Sustainable Livelihoods

La réhabilitation respiratoire (RR) est recommandée dans la prise en soin des patients atteints d’un handicap ventilatoire afin d’améliorer leur qualité de vie. Malgré une efficacité clairement établie, très peu de patients en bénéficient et les modalités optimales d’entrainement restent à définir. L’utilisation des outils existants et des nouveaux outils pour optimiser l’accès au programme et ses effets représentent des développements majeurs qui méritent d’être évalués. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons cherché à aborder ces deux problématiques (1) en tentant de proposer un modèle de RR délocalisée hors des centres tout en évaluant les freins à ce modèle et (2) en explorant la place de différents adjuvants à la RR afin d’en optimiser les bénéfices. Dans la première partie, nous avons montré, à travers plusieurs études rétrospectives et une contribution originale prospective multicentrique, que le test stepper de six minutes peut être utilisé pour prescrire l’entrainement en endurance, particulièrement pour les patients présentant une forme légère à modérée de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO), mais pas pour prescrire le renforcement musculaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré dans une population de 105 patients adressés en RR que l’utilisation d’un dispositif de telemonitoring était faisable, valide et largement accepté. Enfin, nous avons exploré la prévalence des dysfonctions cognitives, autre conséquence systémique de la BPCO qui pourrait compromettre la délocalisation du programme, et avons montré que cette prévalence était très élevée (environ 75% des patients) mais que ces troubles cognitifs pouvaient s’améliorer après la RR et ne semblaient pas influencer l’utilisation d’un dispositif de telemonitoring. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons évalué la place de différents adjuvants à la RR utilisés pour en potentialiser les bénéfices. Dans une étude en cross-over menée chez 21 patients atteints de BPCO, nous avons montré que la ventilation non invasive ne permettait pas d’améliorer la capacité à l’exercice en endurance en raison d’une limitation technologique du ventilateur. A travers une étude contrôlée randomisée multicentrique menée chez 73 patients atteints de BPCO sévère à très sévère, nous avons montré que la stimulation électrique excito-motrice à domicile, réalisée en plus d’un programme de RR, n’apportait pas davantage de bénéfices sur la qualité de vie ou la capacité à l’exercice. Enfin, à travers une étude randomisée en cross-over et en double aveugle menée chez 10 patients, nous n’avons pas pu montrer l’intérêt de la stimulation électrique nerveuse transcutanée pour améliorer leur capacité à l’exercice en endurance. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, nous avons présenté les recherches actuellement menées au sein de notre laboratoire, faisant suite aux contributions originales décrites au cours de cette thèse, ainsi que de nouvelles pistes de recherche afin de poursuivre les thématiques explorées. Ainsi, deux revues de littérature et méta-analyses (l’une d’elle portant sur le haut débit nasal et l’autre sur l’utilisation des technologies de santé avancées pour réaliser la RR respiratoire à domicile) serviront de base pour de futurs travaux
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended in the management of subjects with ventilatory impairment to improve their quality of life. Although a large body of evidence support its use, only few subjects benefit from it and the optimal training modality has not been determined yet. In this context, the use of new and existing tools to optimize access as well as the effects of the program are major developments that deserve to be studied. As part of this thesis, we sought to explore these two major issues (1) by considering a rehabilitation model relocated outside the PR centres while assessing the obstacles to this model and (2) exploring the effectiveness of different add-on to PR in further optimizing the benefits of the program. In the first part, we have shown, through several retrospective studies and an original prospective multicentre contribution, that the six-minute stepper test can be used to prescribe endurance training, particularly for those patients with a mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but not to prescribe muscle strengthening. Furthermore, we have shown in a cohort of 105 subjects referred for PR that the use of a remote tele monitoring device was feasible, valid and widely accepted. Finally, we explored the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, another systemic impairment of COPD that could compromise the relocation of the program, and showed that it was a very common condition (around 75% of the subjects) but that it could improve following PR and did not seem to influence the use of a remote tele monitoring device. In the second part, we evaluated the effects of different add-on used to potentiate the benefits of the PR program. In a cross-over study of 21 COPD patients, we showed that non-invasive ventilation did not improve endurance exercise capacity due to technological limitation of the ventilator. Through a multicentre randomized controlled study carried out in 73 patients with severe to very severe COPD, we have shown that neuromuscular electrical stimulation at home, performed in addition to a PR program, did not provide further benefits on quality of life or exercise capacity. Finally, through a randomized cross-over double-blind study carried out in 10 patients, we were unable to show the effectiveness of transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation in improving their endurance exercise capacity. Finally, in a last part, we highlighted the research currently carried out in our laboratory following the original contributions described during this thesis, as well as new area of research in order to pursue the themes explored. Thus, two systematic reviews and meta-analysis (the first about nasal high flow therapy in subjects with stable COPD and the second about the use of advanced telehealth technologies to deliver PR) will serve as a basis for future research

Le contexte de recherche de cette thèse est le développement d'outils informatiques dans un cadre interculturel. La thèse prend comme cas d'étude le peuple nasa, aborigène de Colombie conservant d'importantes caractéristiques culturelles. La problématique de recherche est née à partir des différences culturelles entre ce peuple rural et la société productrice des dispositifs informatiques. Les processus d'adaptation culturelle se concentrent en général sur la traduction textuelle et sur des éléments faciles à étudier. Cependant, la culture est implicite dans une large gamme d'aspects de la conception et utilisation d'un système informatique. Par exemple, la métaphore du bureau est basée sur des éléments typiques d'un environnement de travail urbain. Toutefois, les dossiers, fichiers et autres composants de l'interface sont moins courants dans le contexte nasa. Cette thèse réalise deux contributions majeures. Premièrement, un modèle culturel qui aide à l'étude de caractéristiques socioculturelles importantes dans le développement d'outils informatiques (la langue, l'environnement et la technologie, l'organisation sociale, la structuration de l'espace, et les signes non-linguistiques). Deuxièmement, une méthode de description de conception intégrant les caractéristiques culturelles à des patrons de conception. Ceux-ci rendent possible la représentation de l'influence de la culture sur la production d'un outil. Ces contributions ont été appliquées dans le contexte nasa et deux outils ont été mis en oeuvre dans deux écoles en suivant une méthode de conception participative. Un catalogue initial de patrons décrit la résolution de différents problèmes de conception.

Após mais de 500 anos de violência colonial, os povos indígenas continuam a resistir nos seus próprios territórios, alvo dos interesses económicos do grande capital. Apesar dos despejos, dos deslocamentos e dos assassinatos, os povos originários do continente latino-americano não deixam de desenvolver estratégias de resistência frente à opressão. A partir da analise da relação entre escrita e oralidade, a presente dissertação estuda o fenómeno de apropriação da palavra escrita por parte dos povos indígenas, tipicamente orais, nas suas lutas para a reapropriação dos territórios ancestrais e para a reprodução das próprias culturas. O primeiro caso estudado é a literatura insurgente zapatista e a sua relação com a palavra oral dos antepassados maias: a importância da tradição oral na chamada oralitura indígena será o foco do nosso trabalho. De Chiapas viajamos até o Sul do subcontinente para investigarmos a poesia mapuche, herdeira da tradição dos ngenpiñ, os donos da palavra nas comunidades, concentrando a nossa análise nas teorias do oralitor Elicura Chihuailaf. O terceiro e último caso de estudo é o processo histórico e social de alfabetização do Nasa Yuwe por parte das comunidades nasas do Cauca, na Colômbia. Processo recente, a alfabetização do Nasa Yuwe, ajuda-nos a entender o potencial político que a apropriação da escrita por parte dos povos indígenas leva consigo, na tentativa de responder às perguntas que constituem a base do nosso estudo: por que, para quem e como escrevem os povos indígenas?
After more than 500 years of colonial violence, indigenous peoples continue to resist in their own territories, the targets of the economic interests of big business. Despite the evictions, displacements and murders, the native peoples of the Latin American continent continue to develop strategies of resistance in the face of oppression. Based on the analysis of the relationship between writing and orality, this dissertation studies the phenomenon of appropriation of the written word by indigenous peoples, typically oral, in their struggles for the re-appropriation of ancestral territories and for the reproduction of their own cultures. The first case studied will be the Zapatista insurgent literature and its relationship with the oral word of the Mayan ancestors: the importance of oral tradition in the so-called indigenous oralitura will be the focus of our work. From Chiapas, we will travel to the south of the continent to investigate the Mapuche poetry, heir to the tradition of the Ngenpiñ, the owners of the word in the communities, concentrating our analysis on the theories of the oralitor Elicura Chihuailaf. The third and last case study will be the historical and social process of Nasa Yuwe literacy by the nasa Yuwe communities in Cauca, Colombia. As the recent process that it is, the literacy of Nasa Yuwe, helps us to understand the political potential that the appropriation of writing by indigenous peoples brings with it, in an attempt to answer the questions that constitute the basis of our study: why, for whom and how do indigenous peoples write?

This research project investigates the growing ambivalence and antagonism of South Korean young people toward unification with North Korea. Historically, ideas of nation and identity, and thus unification, have been based upon the ethnic and cultural homogeneity of all Korean people. More recently, there has emerged a new type of nationalism based on strikingly different notions of identity. This work addresses the central puzzle of how long-held views of Korean nation and national identity have been challenged so dramatically in recent years – in particular amongst the young. Using data obtained from over 90 interviews, surveys and other documentary evidence collected in the field, I show how negativity toward unification with North Korea is increasing and argue that a new South Korean nationalism has arisen amongst South Korea’s young people. This new nationalism is demonstrated both by the changing attitudes to unification and North Korea and by a growing sense of national pride and confidence in South Korea. The new nationalism can be described as a globalised-cultural nationalism, reflecting the central role played by globalisation in its construction and expression. This work contests the assumption that unification ‘is the hope of all Koreans’ and the inevitable outcome for the Korean peninsula. It contributes to understanding short-term challenges as more North Koreans move to the South and provides insights into longer-term preparations for possible reunification. From a theoretical perspective, this thesis builds upon existing nationalist literature by exploring the development of nationalism in established nations, and describing the importance and role of globalisation in the evolution of modern nationalist sentiment.