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Bahtiar, Bahtiar, Muhammad Azrai, M. Arsyad Biba, and Muhammad Syakir. "Daya Saing Calon Varietas Hibrida Nasa 29 di Jawa Timur." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v2n1.2018.p35-42.
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Grasha, Anthony F., and Kraig Schell. "Psychosocial Factors, Workload, and Human Error in a Simulated Pharmacy Dispensing Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (February 2001): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.53.
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Participants filled 42 orders on a task designed to simulate components of filling prescriptions. Task factors included objective workload of 70- versus 80-min. to complete the task and perceptions of workload dimensions using the NASA Task Load Index. The proportion and pattern of data-entry, counting, and product-selection errors were compatible with those found in pharmacy field-sites. Significant other relationship stress, field-dependence, and an 80-min. workpace predicted data-entry errors. Mistakes in product selection were associated with low GPA, high social stress, the NASA Task Load Index dimension of less concern with performing well, and a 70-min. workpace. Relationship of data to corresponding information in the pharmacy literarure and to assumptions of a cognitive-systems performance model was discussed.
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Istiqomah, Istiqomah, Choirul Anam, and Faris Zulkhilmi. "Efektivitas Macam Metode Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Peningkatan Produksi Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)." AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 4, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v4i1.2118.
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Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Karang tawar, Kecamatan Laren, Kabupaten Lamongan. Ketinggian tempat ± 6 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu Macam metode aplikasi POC Nasa (M) dan Dosis pupuk kandang ayam (D). Faktor Metode aplikasi terdiri 3 perlakuan yaitu: Tanpa aplikasi (MI), disemprot (M2), disiram (M3). Dosis Pupuk kandang Ayam terdiri dari 3 level yaitu: Pemberian 6 ton/ha (D1), Pemberian 10 ton/ha (D2), dan Pemberian 14 ton/ha (D3). Indikator pertumbuhan dan produksi yang diamati meliputi: Tinggi tanaman, Diameter batang, Jumlah Cabang, Banyak buah pertanaman dan Berat buah pertanaman. Pengamatan dilaksanakan mulai umur 14,28 hari dan dilanjut 42 hari sekali. Data hasil dari penelitian sejak tanaman berumur 14 hari hingga akhir pengamatan, dianalisa dengan analisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan macam metode aplikasi POC Nasa. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah D3M3 (pemberian pupuk 14 ton/ha) pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan Diameter batang. Perlakuan macam metode aplikasi POC Nasa hampir seluruh parameter pengamatan. Dosis pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah Buah, jumlah Cabang, banyak Buah dan Berat buah.
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Mosquera Abello, Carlos Andrés, Armando Javier Rojas Salazar, and Volney Enrique Bello Avena. "Septorrinoplastia y su influencia en el acondicionamiento nasa." ACTA DE OTORRINOLARINGOLOGÍA & CIRUGÍA DE CABEZA Y CUELLO 45, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37076/acorl.v45i3.344.
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Introducción: La septorrinoplastia funcional y estética primaria es un procedimiento común en cirugía plástica facial. Objetivo: Analizar de forma subjetiva y objetiva el impacto de la cirugía en el acondicionamiento nasal en pacientes con deformidades nasales externas e internas. Diseño: Cuasi-experimental. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 42 pacientes este estudio, se midieron la temperatura y humedad del ambiente y la intranasal del paciente, además del grado de obstrucción nasal antes y doce meses después de la cirugía; se utilizó una escala subjetiva de obstrucción nasal y un termohigrómetro con sensor externo para las mediciones intranasales. Resultados: Los valores de temperatura, humedad postoperatorias y la escala subjetiva de obstrucción nasal fueron de manera significativa estadísticamente mayores en comparación con las preoperatorias (p<0,05). Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, los pacientes tienen un beneficio general gracias a una mejoría del acondicionamiento del aire nasal inspirado posterior a la realización de una septorrinoplastia funcional y estética primaria.
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Zaidat, Osama O., Alicia C. Castonguay, Rishi Gupta, Chung-Huan J. Sun, Coleman Martin, William E. Holloway, Nils Mueller-Kronast, et al. "North American Solitaire Stent Retriever Acute Stroke registry: post-marketing revascularization and clinical outcome results." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 10, Suppl 1 (July 2018): i45—i49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010895.rep.
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BackgroundLimited post-marketing data exist on the use of the Solitaire FR device in clinical practice. The North American Solitaire Stent Retriever Acute Stroke (NASA) registry aimed to assess the real world performance of the Solitaire FR device in contrast with the results from the SWIFT (Solitaire with the Intention for Thrombectomy) and TREVO 2 (Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke) trials.MethodsThe investigator initiated NASA registry recruited North American sites to submit retrospective angiographic and clinical outcome data on consecutive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with the Solitaire FR between March 2012 and February 2013. The primary outcome was a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) score of ≥2 or a Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score of ≥2a. Secondary outcomes were 90 day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.Results354 patients underwent treatment for AIS using the Solitaire FR device in 24 centers. Mean time from onset to groin puncture was 363.4±239 min, mean fluoroscopy time was 32.9±25.7 min, and mean procedure time was 100.9±57.8 min. Recanalization outcome: TIMI ≥2 rate of 83.3% (315/354) and TICI ≥2a rate of 87.5% (310/354) compared with the operator reported TIMI ≥2 rate of 83% in SWIFT and TICI ≥2a rate of 85% in TREVO 2. Clinical outcome: 42% (132/315) of NASA patients demonstrated a 90 day mRS ≤2 compared with 37% (SWIFT) and 40% (TREVO 2). 90 day mortality was 30.2% (95/315) versus 17.2% (SWIFT) and 29% (TREVO 2).ConclusionsThe NASA registry demonstrated that the Solitaire FR device performance in clinical practice is comparable with the SWIFT and TREVO 2 trial results.
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Hansell, R. A., S. C. Tsay, Q. Ji, N. C. Hsu, M. J. Jeong, S. H. Wang, J. S. Reid, K. N. Liou, and S. C. Ou. "An Assessment of the Surface Longwave Direct Radiative Effect of Airborne Saharan Dust during the NAMMA Field Campaign." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 1048–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3257.1.
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Abstract In September 2006, NASA Goddard’s mobile ground-based laboratories were deployed to Sal Island in Cape Verde (16.73°N, 22.93°W) to support the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (NAMMA) field study. The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), a key instrument for spectrally characterizing the thermal IR, was used to retrieve the dust IR aerosol optical depths (AOTs) in order to examine the diurnal variability of airborne dust with emphasis on three separate dust events. AERI retrievals of dust AOT are compared with those from the coincident/collocated multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), micropulse lidar (MPL), and NASA Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) sensors. The retrieved AOTs are then inputted into the Fu–Liou 1D radiative transfer model to evaluate local instantaneous direct longwave radiative effects (DRELW) of dust at the surface in cloud-free atmospheres and its sensitivity to dust microphysical parameters. The top-of-atmosphere DRELW and longwave heating rate profiles are also evaluated. Instantaneous surface DRELW ranges from 2 to 10 W m−2 and exhibits a strong linear dependence with dust AOT yielding a DRELW of 16 W m−2 per unit dust AOT. The DRELW is estimated to be ∼42% of the diurnally averaged direct shortwave radiative effect at the surface but of opposite sign, partly compensating for the shortwave losses. Certainly nonnegligible, the authors conclude that DRELW can significantly impact the atmospheric energetics, representing an important component in the study of regional climate variation.
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Tac, Vu Van. "Variability of sea surface chlorophyll_a concentration in the South Vietnam coastal waters related to enso phenomenon." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 42, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/42/1/14759.
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This paper focuses on analyzing the monthly averaged sea surface chlorophyll_a concentration data for 16 years (Jul. 2002 ÷ Sep. 2018), a remote sensing data product of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US NASA), the analyzed results have shown that each occurrence of ENSO phenomenon greatly affects the fluctuation of chlorophyll_a concentration in the South Vietnam‘s coastal waters (SVNC). The monthly averaged chlorophyll_a concentration varies from 0.5 [mg/m3] to 1.1 [mg/m3] (equivalent to 22.4% ÷ 49.3%), while the monthly averaged fluctuation of chlorophyll_a concentration between months is only 0.22 [mg/m3] (equivalent to 9.88%). These fluctuations have a great impact on nutritional resources as well as water quality because chlorophyll_a is a pigment in plankton, which is a criterion to assess the "rich or poor" of nutrition source in seawater. The results of this study are considered as a "small piece" in the overall picture of the impact of ENSO phenomenon on global climate change.
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Загидуллин, А. А., Н. К. Петрова, В. С. Усанин, and Ю. А. Нефедьев. "Анализ орбитальных теорий для построения численной теории физической либрации Луны." Известия Крымской астрофизической обсерватории 114, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31059/izcrao-vol114-iss1-pp37-42.
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При построении численной теории физической либрации перед нами встала задача сравнения численной и аналитической теорий орбитального движения Луны. В ходе исследования нам было важно понять, как различия в точности описания движения центра масс скажутся на поведении либрации. На данный момент мы представляем результаты первого этапа сравнения, а именно: описание поведения во времени различий между двумя типами орбитальных теорий. Нами была использована аналитическая теория Гутцвиллера и Шмидта, построенная в рамках главной проблемы, и современная численная теория DE431 JPL NASA, учитывающая большое количество факторов, выходящих за рамки главной проблемы, которые было бы сложно или даже невозможно учесть при получении аналитического решения. Произведя необходимые редукции при приведении обеих теорий к единой системе отсчета, мы сравнили оба решения на интервале в 800 лет. В итоге мы получили, что амплитуда в долготе за этот период не превосходит 80 угловых секунд, а в широте 10 угловых секунд. Основным источником расхождений являются эффекты, не учитываемые в главной проблеме, такие как: планетные возмущения, движение плоскости эклиптики, сжатие Земли, приливные эффекты и эффекты общей теории относительности.
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Roesch, J. Richard. "Handgrip Strength with the Bare Hand and in the NASA Spacesuit Glove." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 7 (September 1987): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100722.
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This study examined handgrip strength with the bare and spacesuit-gloved hand, in three hand and two elbow positions. Sixteen subjects from the suited-subject pool at NASA/Johnson Space Center gripped a hand dynamometer encased in a vacuum chamber designed to simulate the pressure differential of the spacesuit in space. With the bare hand (at one atmosphere), there was an effect for hand position and a hand-position x elbow-position interaction. With the spacesuit-gloved hand, there was only an effect for hand position. Two different pressure differentials (psid) were used: the glove at 0.5 psid was responsible for a 35% grip decrement (when compared to bare handgrip); the glove at 4.3 psid (normal operating pressure) was responsible for a 42% grip decrement. Bare and gloved-handgrip were positively correlated with hand size, body weight, height, and forearm circumference. Post-hoc, subjects were grouped by hand size; the four subjects in the XL hand-size group lost an average of 17% in grip in the glove at 4.3 psid (when compared to the glove at 0.5 psid); the L group lost 12%; the M group lost 9%; and the S hand-size group lost less than 1%. The larger the hand, the greater was the grip strength decrement due to increased pressure in the glove.
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McCormack, J. P., S. D. Eckermann, L. Coy, D. R. Allen, Y. J. Kim, T. Hogan, B. Lawrence, et al. "NOGAPS-ALPHA model simulations of stratospheric ozone during the SOLVE2 campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 9/10 (December 2, 2004): 2401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2401-2004.
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Abstract. This paper presents three-dimensional prognostic O3 simulations with parameterized gas-phase photochemistry from the new NOGAPS-ALPHA middle atmosphere forecast model. We compare 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of stratospheric O3 with satellite and DC-8 aircraft measurements for two cases during the SOLVE II campaign: (1) the cold, isolated vortex during 11-16 January 2003; and (2) the rapidly developing stratospheric warming of 17-22 January 2003. In the first case we test three different photochemistry parameterizations. NOGAPS-ALPHA O3 simulations using the NRL-CHEM2D parameterization give the best agreement with SAGE III and POAM III profile measurements. 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of polar O3 initialized with the NASA GEOS4 analyses produce better agreement with observations than do the operational ECMWF O3 forecasts of case 1. For case 2, both NOGAPS-ALPHA and ECMWF 114-h forecasts of the split vortex structure in lower stratospheric O3 on 21 January 2003 show comparable skill. Updated ECMWF O3 forecasts of this event at hour 42 display marked improvement from the 114-h forecast; corresponding updated 42-hour NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic O3 fields initialized with the GEOS4 analyses do not improve significantly. When NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic O3 is initialized with the higher resolution ECMWF O3 analyses, the NOGAPS-ALPHA 42-hour lower stratospheric O3 fields closely match the operational 42-hour ECMWF O3 forecast of the 21 January event. We find that stratospheric O3 forecasts at high latitudes in winter can depend on both model initial conditions and the treatment of photochemistry over periods of 1-5 days. Overall, these results show that the new O3 initialization, photochemistry parameterization, and spectral transport in the NOGAPS-ALPHA NWP model can provide reliable short-range stratospheric O3 forecasts during Arctic winter.
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McCormack, J. P., S. D. Eckermann, L. Coy, D. R. Allen, Y. J. Kim, T. Hogan, B. Lawrence, et al. "NOGAPS-ALPHA model simulations of stratospheric ozone during the SOLVE2 campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 4, 2004): 4227–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-4227-2004.
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Abstract. This paper presents three-dimensional prognostic ozone simulations with parameterized photochemistry from the new NOGAPS-ALPHA middle atmosphere forecast model. We compare 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of stratospheric ozone with a combination of satellite and DC-8 aircraft measurements for two specific cases during the SOLVE II campaign: (1) the cold, isolated vortex during 11–16 January 2003; and (2) the rapidly developing stratospheric warming of 17–22 January 2003. In the first case we test three different photochemistry parameterizations. NOGAPS-ALPHA ozone simulations using the NRL-CHEM2D parameterization give the best overall agreement with SAGE III and POAM III profile measurements. 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of polar ozone initialized with the NASA GEOS4 ozone analyses produce better agreement with observations than do the operational ECMWF ozone forecasts. In the second case, comparisons between NOGAPS-ALPHA and ECMWF 114-h forecasts of the split vortex structure in stratospheric ozone on 21 January 2003 show comparable skill. Updated ECMWF ozone forecasts of this case at hour 42 display marked improvement from the 114-h forecast; corresponding updated 42-h NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic ozone simulations do not improve significantly. In general, these results demonstrate that the spectral advection component in NOGAPS-ALPHA is well-suited for middle atmosphere tracer transport. In particular, we find that stratospheric ozone forecasts at high latitudes in winter can depend on both model initial conditions and the treatment of photochemistry even over a period of 5 days.
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Rahdiana, Nana, Afif Hakim, and Sukarman. "Pengukuran Beban Kerja Mental Bagian Marketing PT. Pindo Deli di Masa Covid-19 dengan Metode NASA TLX." Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri 23, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsti.v23i1.4873.
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PT. Pindo Deli is a national company that produces paper, which is located in Kutamekar Village BTB6/9, Karawang Regency, West Java. It produces various types of paper with a market share of 60% for exports and 40% for domestic. The condition of the Covid-19 pandemic also has an impact on the marketing and sales of paper, namely a decrease in the number of requests from the export and domestic markets. This condition certainly has affected the marketing department because it is still determined to be able to sell paper to the market. Job as marketing tend to have a high risk of mental workload, because they are required to always involve the brain's performance in completing their work. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of mental workload in the marketing department at the manager level, namely the regional managers and product managers in meeting their job demands, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used to measure the mental workload of managers is NASA TLX method. From the research results, it is found that 42% of manager had a high level of mental workload and the remaining 58% were in the very high category.
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Hou, T. H., R. J. Cano, and B. J. Jensen. "IM7/LARC™ MPEI-1 Polyimide Composites." High Performance Polymers 10, no. 2 (June 1998): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/10/2/003.
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LARC™ MPEI-1 (Langley Research Center™ modified phenylethynyl imide-1) phenylethynyl containing aromatic polyimide, is based on the reaction of biphenyl dianhydride (BPDA), 3,4′-oxydianiline (3,4′-ODA), 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (APB), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) and 4-phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride (PEPA), presumably resulting in a mixture of linear, branched and star shaped phenylethynyl containing imides which was evaluated as a matrix for high-performance composites. The poly(amid acid) solution of MPEI-1 in N-methypyrrolidinone was synthesized at 35% and 42% solids. Unidirectional prepreg was fabricated from these solutions and Hercules IM7 carbon fibre utilizing NASA-Langley’s multipurpose prepreg machine. The temperature-dependent volatile depletion rates, thermal crystallization behaviour and resin rheology were characterized. Based on this information, a composite moulding cycle was developed which yielded well consolidated, voidfree laminates. Composite mechanical properties such as short beam shear strength, longitudinal and transverse flexural strength and flexural modulus, longitudinal tensile strength and notched and unnotched compression strengths were measured at room temperature (RT) and elevated temperatures. These mechanical properties are compared with those of IM7/LARC™ PETI-5 composites.
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Abdul Manan, Sony Angga Satrya,. "Prakiraan Kesuburan Perairan Bali Dari Citra Satelit [Forecast Fertility Bali Waters From Satellite Imagery]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 4, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v4i1.11589.
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Abstract Aplication Ocean Remote Sensing technology to many use for field fisheries, once use this technology in forecast fertility water. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of Bali coastal area for cage of pearl oyster culture. The method used is a descriptive method of data collection. Satellite image processing activities Aqua/Terra Modis starting with the collection of satellite image data from the database NASA via OceanColor Web site, the selection of a clean image data, and than download of satellite images. The first stages of image data processing are used software ENVI 4.7, with procedures are coloring the image, limiting the minimum and maximum temperatures and sea surface chlorophyll-a, and classifiying of the image based on the value of sea surface temperature. Sea surface temperature parameter determine the location of the cage of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) culture. Suitability of the location of the cage of pearl oyster culture on Bali coastal area, at coordinates 8° 33' 00.97 " - 8° 42' 05.30" South Latitude and 115° 18' 03.40 " - 115° 39 ' 03.21" East Longitude. Based on geographical, that the location in the southeastern Bali coastal area and on the northern area of Nusa Pennida island.
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Stubenrauch, C. J., S. Cros, A. Guignard, and N. Lamquin. "A 6-year global cloud climatology from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder AIRS and a statistical analysis in synergy with CALIPSO and CloudSat." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 15 (August 6, 2010): 7197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7197-2010.
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Abstract. We present a six-year global climatology of cloud properties, obtained from observations of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard the NASA Aqua satellite. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) combined with CloudSat observations, both missions launched as part of the A-Train in 2006, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the retrieved AIRS cloud properties such as cloud amount and height. In addition, they permit to explore the vertical structure of different cloud types. AIRS-LMD cloud detection agrees with CALIPSO about 85% over ocean and about 75% over land. Global cloud amount has been estimated from 66% to 74%, depending on the weighting of not cloudy AIRS footprints by partial cloud cover from 0 to 0.3. 42% of all clouds are high clouds, and about 42% of all clouds are single layer low-level clouds. The "radiative" cloud height determined by the AIRS-LMD retrieval corresponds well to the height of the maximum backscatter signal and of the "apparent middle" of the cloud. Whereas the real cloud thickness of high opaque clouds often fills the whole troposphere, their "apparent" cloud thickness (at which optical depth reaches about 5) is on average only 2.5 km. The real geometrical thickness of optically thin cirrus as identified by AIRS-LMD is identical to the "apparent" cloud thickness with an average of about 2.5 km in the tropics and midlatitudes. High clouds in the tropics have slightly more diffusive cloud tops than at higher latitudes. In general, the depth of the maximum backscatter signal increases nearly linearly with increasing "apparent" cloud thickness. For the same "apparent" cloud thickness optically thin cirrus show a maximum backscatter about 10% deeper inside the cloud than optically thicker clouds. We also show that only the geometrically thickest opaque clouds and (the probably surrounding anvil) cirrus penetrate the stratosphere in the tropics.
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Doty, Michael J., Thomas F. Brooks, Casey L. Burley, Christopher J. Bahr, and Dennis S. Pope. "Jet noise shielding provided by a hybrid wing body aircraft." International Journal of Aeroacoustics 17, no. 1-2 (February 24, 2018): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475472x17743659.
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One approach toward achieving NASA's aggressive N+2 noise goal of 42 EPNdB cumulative margin below Stage 4 is through the use of novel vehicle configurations like the hybrid wing body. Jet noise measurements from a hybrid wing body acoustic test in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel are described. Two dual-stream, heated Compact Jet Engine Simulator units are mounted underneath the inverted hybrid wing body model on a traversable support to permit measurement of varying levels of shielding provided by the fuselage. Both an axisymmetric and low noise chevron nozzle set are investigated in the context of shielding. The unshielded chevron nozzle set shows 1–2 dB of source noise reduction (relative to the unshielded axisymmetric nozzle set) with some penalties at higher frequencies. Shielding of the axisymmetric nozzles shows up to 6.5 dB of reduction at high frequency. The combination of shielding and low noise chevrons shows benefits beyond the expected additive benefits of the two, up to 10 dB, due to the effective migration of the jet source peak noise location upstream for increased shielding effectiveness. Jet noise source maps from phased array results processed with the deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources algorithm reinforce these observations.
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Vijayakumar, S., Duminda S. Ranasinghe, and David M. Wilmouth. "Kinetics of the Reactions of Ozone with Halogen Atoms in the Stratosphere." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081053.
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It is well established that reaction cycles involving inorganic halogens contribute to the depletion of ozone in the atmosphere. Here, the kinetics of O3 with halogen atoms (Cl, Br, and I) were investigated between 180 and 400 K, expanding the temperature range relative to prior studies. Canonical variational transition state theory including small curvature tunneling correction (CVT/SCT) were considered, following the construction of the potential energy surfaces. MRCI + Q/aug-ano-pVTZ//MP2/aug-cc-pV(T + d)Z and MRCI + Q/aug-ano-RCC-VTZP//MP2/aug-cc-pV(T + d)Z levels of theory were used to calculate the kinetic parameters. Calculated rate coefficients were used to fit the Arrhenius equations, which are obtained to be k1 = (3.48 ± 0.4) × 10−11 exp[(−301 ± 64)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, k2 = (3.54 ± 0.2) × 10−11 exp[(−990 ± 35)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k3 = (1.47 ± 0.1) × 10−11 exp[(−720 ± 42)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the reactions of O3 with Cl, Br, and I atoms, respectively. The obtained rate coefficients for the reactions of O3 with halogen atoms using CVT/SCT are compared to the latest recommended rate coefficients by the NASA/JPL and IUPAC evaluations. The reactivity trends and pathways of these reactions are discussed.
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Bolaño-Ortiz, Tomás R., Viverlys L. Diaz-Gutiérrez, and Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. "ENSO and Light-Absorbing Impurities and Their Impact on Snow Albedo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110437.
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Snow albedo is an important variable in the coupled atmosphere-earth system at the global level. Moreover, studying its behavior allows us to know the state of the cryosphere. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a glacier area and the northernmost tropical (10.82° N, 73.75° W) region in South America. It has a height of up to 5775 m.a.sl., which is the second highest mountain in the world near the marine coast. We analyzed variations in snow albedo related to snow cover, snowfall, temperature, light-absorbing impurities such as blank carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and dust, and El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon through 20 years (2000–2020). We mainly use daily data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua NASA satellites. Results showed through correlations that snow albedo has decreased due to Land Surface Temperature (55%, p < 0.001), a positive phase of ENSO (42%, p < 0.001) and dust (37%, p < 0.01) in the SNSM. Additionally, a dust negative effect was more evident on the southern side (up to 49%, p < 0.001) of the SNSM. Backward trajectories by the NOAA HYSPLIT model suggest that dust sources would be soil erosion in the surrounding region. Results can help recognize the influence of ENSO and dust in the glacier decrease of the SNSM.
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Frick, J., and C. A. Mitchell. "PRODUCTION OF DWARF RAPID-CYCLING BRASSICA UNDER OPTIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 622b—622. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.622b.
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Due to its short time to flower (14-18 days) and rapid maturation cycle (50-55 days), dwarf rapid-cycling brassica (Brassica napus) is under consideration as a candidate oilseed crop for NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems program. Recent work has focused on defining a set of optimum environmental conditions which permit increased crop yield in terms of g·m-2d-1 of edible biomass. A wide range of environmental variables have been considered including lamp type, CO2 level, nutrient solution pH, and planting density. In addition, nitrogen nutrition regimes have been manipulated with respect to nitrogen concentration (2 to 30 mM), source (NH4+ and/or NO3-), and time of stepwise changes in nitrogen level (day 14 to 28). The highest seed oil content (42% DW basis) has been found under limiting nitrogen levels (2 mM). However, the low nitrogen inhibits overall seed production potential. Different cultural techniques also have been compared, including solid-substrate, passive wicking hydroponics versus liquid culture systems. Trials are underway to assess crop growth and development under the “best set” scenario of environmental conditions. At present, the highest seed yield (10.6 g·m-2d-1) has been obtained using solid-substrate hydroponic systems under a combination of metal halide and high-pressure sodium lamps. Constant CO2 enrichment to 1000 μmol·mol-1 did not increase crop yield rate. Research supported in part by NASA grant NAGW - 2329.
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McNaughton, C. S., A. D. Clarke, S. Freitag, V. N. Kapustin, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, L. Sahu, et al. "Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2011): 7561–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7561-2011.
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Abstract. In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55° N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of the aerosol size distributions and black carbon mass. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11–14 % of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 42–47 % of the total burden of black carbon. Dust was also commonly observed but only contributes to 4–12 % and 3–8 % of total light absorption at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths above 6 km. Below 6 km, light absorption by carbonaceous aerosol derived from urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions account for 97–99 % of total light absorption by aerosol. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2±0.8, 9.5±0.6 and 7.4±0.7 m2 g−1 at 470, 530 and 660 nm wavelengths. These estimates are consistent with 35–80 % enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/λ wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 °C, τ = 0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83±0.15 and 0.27±0.08 m2 g−1 at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian dust are 0.034 m2 g−1 and 0.017 m2 g−1. However the absorption efficiency estimates for dust are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled.
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Massey, Jeffrey D., W. James Steenburgh, Jason C. Knievel, and William Y. Y. Cheng. "Regional Soil Moisture Biases and Their Influence on WRF Model Temperature Forecasts over the Intermountain West." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0073.1.
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Abstract Operational Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model forecasts run over Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) in northwest Utah, produced by the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command Four-Dimensional Weather System (4DWX), underpredict the amplitude of the diurnal temperature cycle during September and October. Mean afternoon [2000 UTC (1300 LST)] and early morning [1100 UTC (0400 LST)] 2-m temperature bias errors evaluated against 195 surface stations using 6- and 12-h forecasts are –1.37° and 1.66°C, respectively. Bias errors relative to soundings and 4DWX-DPG analyses illustrate that the afternoon cold bias extends from the surface to above the top of the planetary boundary layer, whereas the early morning warm bias develops in the lowest model levels and is confined to valleys and basins. These biases are largest during mostly clear conditions and are caused primarily by a regional overestimation of near-surface soil moisture in operational land surface analyses, which do not currently assimilate in situ soil moisture observations. Bias correction of these soil moisture analyses using data from 42 North American Soil Moisture Database stations throughout the Intermountain West reduces both the afternoon and early morning bias errors and improves forecasts of upper-level temperature and stability. These results illustrate that the assimilation of in situ and remotely sensed soil moisture observations, including those from the recently launched NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, have the potential to greatly improve land surface analyses and near-surface temperature forecasts over arid regions.
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Antier, S., K. Barynova, P. Fryzlewicz, C. Lachaud, and G. Marchal-Duval. "Detection of gamma-ray transients with wild binary segmentation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 4428–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa263.
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ABSTRACT In the context of time domain astronomy, we present an offline detection search of gamma-ray transients using a wild binary segmentation analysis called F-WBSB targeting both short and long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and covering the soft and hard gamma-ray bands. We use NASA Fermi/GBM archival data as a training and testing data set. This paper describes the analysis applied to the 12 NaI detectors of the Fermi/GBM instrument. This includes background removal, change-point detection that brackets the peaks of gamma-ray flares, the evaluation of significance for each individual GBM detector, and the combination of the results among the detectors. We also explain the calibration of the ∼ 10 parameters present in the method using one week of archival data. Finally, we present our detection performance result for 60 d of a blind search analysis with F-WBSB by comparing to both the onboard and offline GBM search as well as external events found by others surveys such as Swift-BAT. We detect 42/44 onboard GBM events but also other gamma-ray flares at a rate of 1 per hour in the 4–50 keV band. Our results show that F-WBSB is capable of recovering gamma-ray flares, including the detection of soft X-ray long transients. FWBSB offers an independent identification of GRBs in combination with methods for determining spectral and temporal properties of the transient as well as localization. This is particularly useful for increasing the GRB rate and that will help the joint detection with gravitational-wave events.
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Hallion, Richard P. "Curtis Peebles (Editor). The Spoken Word II: Recollections of Dryden History, Beyond the Sky. (Monographs in Aerospace History, 42.) xi + 199 pp., illus., bibl. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Division, 2011. (Paper.)." Isis 103, no. 3 (September 2012): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669020.
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Mei, L., Y. Xue, G. de Leeuw, T. Holzer-Popp, J. Guang, Y. Li, L. Yang, et al. "Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land based on a time series technique using MSG/SERIVI data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2012): 4031–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4031-2012.
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Abstract. A novel approach for the joint retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface reflectance, using Meteosat Second Generation – Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imagers (MSG/SEVIRI) observations in two solar channels, is presented. The retrieval is based on a time series (TS) technique, which makes use of the two visible bands at 0.6 μm and 0.8 μm in three orderly scan times (15 min interval between two scans) to retrieve the AOD over land. Using the radiative transfer equation for plane-parallel atmospheres two coupled differential equations for the upward and downward fluxes are derived. The boundary conditions for the upward and downward fluxes at the top and at the bottom of the atmosphere are used in these equations to provide an analytic solution for the surface reflectance. To derive these fluxes, the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry factor are required to provide a solution. These are provided from a set of six pre-defined aerosol types with the SSA and asymmetry factor (g). We assume one aerosol type for a grid of 1° × 1° and the surface reflectance changes little between two consequent scans. A k approximation was used in the inversion to find the best solution of atmospheric properties and surface reflectance. The algorithm makes use of numerical minimisation routines to obtain the optimal solution of atmospheric properties and surface reflectance by selection of the most suitable aerosol type from pre-defined sets. Also, it is assumed that the surface reflectance is little influenced by aerosol scattering at 1.6 μm and therefore the ratio of surface reflectances in the solar band for two consequent scans can be well-approximated by the ratio of the reflectances at 1.6 μm. A further assumption is that the surface reflectance varies only slightly over a period of 30 min. A detailed analysis of the retrieval results show that it is suitable for AOD retrieval over land. Six Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites with different surface types were used for detailed analysis and 42 other AERONET sites were used for validation. From 445 collocations representing stable and homogeneous aerosol type, we found that >75% of MSG-retrieved AOD values compared to AERONET observed values with an error envelope of ±0.05 ± 0.15τ and a high correlation (R > 0.86). The AOD datasets derived using the TS method with SEVIRI data was also compared with collocated AOD products derived from the NASA TERRA and AQUA MODIS data using the dark dense vegetation (DDV) method and the Deep Blue algorithms. Using the TS method, AOD could be retrieved for more pixels than with the NASA Deep Blue algorithm. The AOD values derived compare favourably.
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Mezuman, Keren, Kostas Tsigaridis, Gregory Faluvegi, and Susanne E. Bauer. "The interactive global fire module pyrE (v1.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 3091–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3091-2020.
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Abstract. Fires affect the composition of the atmosphere and Earth's radiation balance by emitting a suite of reactive gases and particles. An interactive fire module in an Earth system model (ESM) allows us to study the natural and anthropogenic drivers, feedbacks, and interactions of open fires. To do so, we have developed pyrE, the NASA GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) interactive fire emissions module. The pyrE module is driven by environmental variables like flammability and cloud-to-ground lightning, calculated by the GISS ModelE ESM, and parameterized by anthropogenic impacts based on population density data. Fire emissions are generated from the flaming phase in pyrE (active fires). Using pyrE, we examine fire occurrence, regional fire suppression, burned area, fire emissions, and how it all affects atmospheric composition. To do so, we evaluate pyrE by comparing it to satellite-based datasets of fire count, burned area, fire emissions, and aerosol optical depth (AOD). We demonstrate pyrE's ability to simulate the daily and seasonal cycles of open fires and resulting emissions. Our results indicate that interactive fire emissions are biased low by 32 %–42 %, depending on emitted species, compared to the GFED4s (Global Fire Emissions Database) inventory. The bias in emissions drives underestimation in column densities, which is diluted by natural and anthropogenic emissions sources and production and loss mechanisms. Regionally, the resulting AOD of a simulation with interactive fire emissions is underestimated mostly over Indonesia compared to a simulation with GFED4s emissions and to MODIS AOD. In other parts of the world pyrE's performance in terms of AOD is marginal to a simulation with prescribed fire emissions.
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McCormick, M. Patrick, Liqiao Lei, Michael T. Hill, John Anderson, Richard Querel, and Wolfgang Steinbrecht. "Early results and validation of SAGE III-ISS ozone profile measurements from onboard the International Space Station." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 1287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1287-2020.
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Abstract. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III, 2018) instrument was launched on 19 February 2017 from the NASA Kennedy Space Center and was integrated aboard the International Space Station (ISS). SAGE III-ISS has been providing ozone profile measurements since June 2017. This paper presents an early validation of the Level 2 solar and lunar occultation ozone data products using ground-based lidar and ozonesondes from Hohenpeißenberg and Lauder as well as satellite ozone vertical products from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) instrument. Average differences in the ozone concentration between SAGE III-ISS and Hohenpeißenberg lidar observations for 1 year are less than 10 % between 16 and 42 km and less than 5 % between 20 and 40 km. Hohenpeißenberg ozonesonde comparisons are mostly within 10 % between 18 and 30 km. The Lauder lidar comparison results are less than 10 % between 17 and 37 km, and the Lauder ozonesonde comparison results are less than 10 % between 19 and 31 km. The seasonal average differences in the ozone concentration between SAGE III-ISS and ACE-FTS are mostly less than 5 % between 20 and 45 km for both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. All results from these comparisons show that the SAGE III-ISS ozone solar data compare well with correlative measurements throughout the stratosphere. With few comparisons available, the percentage difference between the SAGE III-ISS lunar ozone data and the ozonesonde data is less than 10 % between 19 and 27 km. The percentage difference between the SAGE III-ISS lunar ozone data and the ACE-FTS ozone data is less than 10 % between 20 and 40 km.
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Goins, Gregory D., Neil C. Yorio, and Raymond M. Wheeler. "Influence of Nitrogen Nutrition Management on Biomass Partitioning and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices in Hydroponically Grown Potato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 1 (January 2004): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.1.0134.
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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been conducting controlled environment research with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in recirculating nutrient film technique (NFT)-hydroponic systems as a human life support component during long-duration spaceflight. Standard nutrient solution management approaches include constant pH regulation with nitric acid (HNO3) and daily adjustment of electrical conductivity (EC) equivalent to half-strength modified Hoagland's solution, where nitrate (NO3-) is the sole nitrogen (N) source. Although tuber yields have been excellent with such an approach, N use efficiency indices are expected to be low relative to tuber biomass production. Furthermore, the high amount of N used in NFT-hydroponics, typically results in high inedible biomass, which conflicts with the need to minimize system mass, volume, and expenditure of resources for long-duration missions. More effective strategies of N fertilization need to be developed to more closely match N supply with demand of the crop. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to identify the optimal N management regime and plant N requirement to achieve high yields and to avoid inefficient use of N and excess inedible biomass production. In separate 84-day cropping experiments, three N management protocols were tested. Treatments which decreased NO3--N supply indirectly through lowering nutrient solution EC (Expt. I), or disabling pH control, and/or supplying NH4+-N (Expt. III) did not significantly benefit tuber yield, but did influence N use efficiency indices. When supplied with an external 7.5 mm NO-3--N for the first 42 days after planting (DAP), lowered to 1.0 mm NO3 -N during the final 42 days (Expt. II), plants were able to achieve yields on par with plants which received constant 7.5 mm NO3--N (control). By abruptly decreasing N supply at tuber initiation in Expt. II, less N was taken up and accumulated by plants compared to those which received high constant N (control). However, proportionately more plant accumulated N was used (N use efficiency) to produce tuber biomass when N supply was abruptly lowered at tuber initiation in Expt. II. Hence, a hydroponic nutrient solution N management system may be modified to elicit greater plant N-use while maintaining overall high tuber yield as opposed to achieving high tuber yields through excess N supply and shoot growth.
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Rivera Gutiérrez, Nohemy Lizeth. "Caracterización del cielo de Copán del 400 al 900 d. C." Ciencias Espaciales 4, no. 2 (April 24, 2016): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ce.v4i2.2544.
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La ocurrencia de eventos astronómicos, en muchos casos, es un suceso que se puede predecir, existiendo herramientas y métodos para pronosticar diversos eventos astronómicos que suceden y/o que han sucedido en el pasado. Particularmente los mayas conocían el movimiento de los astros con gran detalle, la ocurrencia de estos eventos pudo haber sido registrado por los mayas en Copán, por lo tanto, se pretende aportar información que pueda apoyar al trabajo de búsqueda e interpretación del legado astronómico dejado por los mayas en Copán. El objetivo consiste en identificar los eventos astronómicos relevantes, visibles a simple vista y eventuales, en el sitio de Copán durante el período 400 d.C. al 900 d.C., mediante la identificación de la ocurrencia de eclipses solares y lunares. El período de tiempo seleccionado del estudio coincide con el desarrollo de la Dinastía maya de Copán, del 400 al 900 d.C. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo y analítica, las variables en análisis incluyen el tipo de eclipse, fechas de ocurrencia de eclipses, tiempos de duración y magnitud observable del eclipse. Para la recolección de la información se han utilizado las bases de datos del Goddard Space Flight Center de la NASA para el período del estudio y en la ubicación geográfica de Copán. A partir del estudio se han identificado los datos para 160 eclipses solares y 236 eclipses lunares, incorporando las fechas julianas y clasificando en función de la Cuenta Larga correspondiente, se definió que durante este período no ocurrieron eclipses solares totales en esta zona y que en el período de Durante el período de Waxaklaju’n U B’aah K’awiil se produjo un eclipse solar anular, 3 eclipses solares parciales con más del 75% de magnitud observable y 19 eclipses lunares totales.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.4(2) 2011, 42-66
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Choque Tarqui, Carlos Eduardo. "Estimación de la evapotranspiración a partir de datos satelitales para la región de Alto Beni, Norte de La Paz." Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales 8, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53287/dmrt8855uy51u.
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Evapotranspiration (ET) results from a simultaneous process of evaporation and transpiration. In a reference area, which occurs without water restrictions, it is called evapotranspiration of the reference crop (ETo). The Penman-Monteith FAO equation, proposed by Allen, Pereira, Raes and Smith (2006); Thornthwaite et al. (1944); Hargreaves et al. (1985); Blaney and Criddle (1950) and Turc (1961), was used for this study. The climatic information needed to estimate ETo is not sufficient because the local meteorological stations are very scarce and are no longer functioning, so data from the simulators recommended by FAO LocClim (2005) and NASA (power larc) were used. The Alto Beni region extends from 14º 56' 55'' to 15º 56' 14'' South and longitude 66º 48' 04'' to 67º 36' 42'' at an altitude of 300 to 1,800 m above sea level and covers an area of 4,836.62 km2. It is an important agricultural zone because it provides the city with a large part of its food products. The ETo results obtained in the spatial modeling show different values distributed in the region, which vary in each season of the year. It is asserted that, in most of the methods, the water deficit starts in the middle of April until September, and the highest peaks from October to March. The statistical analysis of the ETo results shows that the Thornthwaite model is the most accepted with an R2 correlation coefficient of 0.966, followed by Blaney-Criddle with 0.969, and in last place the Hargreaves and Turc methods. The most accepted and applied model for the area is Thornthwaite, which has a very similar behavior to the PM-FAO, it does not overestimate the water demands and its calculations reflect the events of the region.
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Mei, L., Y. Xue, G. de Leeuw, T. Holzer-Popp, J. Guang, Y. Li, L. Yang, et al. "Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land based on a time series technique using MSG/SEVIRI data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 19 (October 10, 2012): 9167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9167-2012.
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Abstract. A novel approach for the joint retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol type, using Meteosat Second Generation – Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imagers (MSG/SEVIRI) observations in two solar channels, is presented. The retrieval is based on a Time Series (TS) technique, which makes use of the two visible bands at 0.6 μm and 0.8 μm in three orderly scan times (15 min interval between two scans) to retrieve the AOD over land. Using the radiative transfer equation for plane-parallel atmosphere, two coupled differential equations for the upward and downward fluxes are derived. The boundary conditions for the upward and downward fluxes at the top and at the bottom of the atmosphere are used in these equations to provide an analytic solution for the AOD. To derive these fluxes, the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry factor are required to provide a solution. These are provided from a set of six pre-defined aerosol types with the SSA and asymmetry factor. We assume one aerosol type for a grid of 1°×1° and the surface reflectance changes little between two subsequent observations. A k-ratio approach is used in the inversion to find the best solution of atmospheric properties and surface reflectance. The k-ratio approach assumes that the surface reflectance is little influenced by aerosol scattering at 1.6 μm and therefore the ratio of surface reflectances in the solar band for two subsequent observations can be well-approximated by the ratio of the reflectances at 1.6 μm. A further assumption is that the surface reflectance varies only slightly over a period of 30 min. The algorithm makes use of numerical minimisation routines to obtain the optimal solution of atmospheric properties and surface reflectance by selection of the most suitable aerosol type from pre-defined sets. A detailed analysis of the retrieval results shows that it is suitable for AOD retrieval over land from SEVIRI data. Six AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites with different surface types are used for detailed analysis and 42 other AERONET sites are used for validation. From 445 collocations representing stable and homogeneous aerosol type, we find that >75% of the MSG-retrieved AOD at 0.6 and 0.8 μm values compare favourably with AERONET observed AOD values, within an error envelope of ± 0.05 ± 0.15 τ and a high correlation coefficient (R>0.86). The AOD datasets derived using the TS method with SEVIRI data is also compared with collocated AOD products derived from NASA TERRA and AQUA MODIS (The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data using the Dark Dense Vegetation (DDV) method and the Deep Blue algorithms. Using the TS method, the AOD could be retrieved for more pixels than with the NASA Deep Blue algorithm. This method is potentially also useful for surface reflectance retrieval using SEVIRI observations. The current paper focuses on AOD retrieval and analysis, and the analysis and validation of reflectance will be given in a following paper.
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Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, Heng-Wai Lei, Shantanu Kumar Pani, Hsiang-Yu Huang, Neng-Huei Lin, Ellsworth J. Welton, Shuenn-Chin Chang, and Yueh-Chen Wang. "Determination of Lidar Ratio for Major Aerosol Types over Western North Pacific Based on Long-Term MPLNET Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172769.
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East Asia is the most complex region in the world for aerosol studies, as it encounters a lot of varieties of aerosols, and aerosol classification can be a challenge in this region. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between aerosol types and aerosol optical properties. We analyzed the long-term (2005–2012) data of vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients, lidar ratio (Sp), and other aerosol optical properties obtained from a NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network and Aerosol Robotic Network site in northern Taiwan, which frequently receives Asian continental outflows. Based on aerosol extinction vertical profiles, the profiles were classified into two types: type 1 (single-layer structure) and type 2 (two-layer structure). Fall season (October–November) was the prevailing season for the Type 1, whereas type 2 mainly happened in spring (March–April). In type 1, air masses normally originated from three regional sectors, i.e., Asia continental (AC), Pacific Ocean (PO), and Southeast Asia (SA). The mean Sp values were 39 ± 17 sr, 30 ± 12 sr, and 38 ± 18 sr for the AC, PO, and SA sectors, respectively. The Sp results suggested that aerosols from the AC sector contained dust and anthropogenic particles, and aerosols from the PO sector were most likely sea salts. We further combined the EPA dust event database and backward trajectory analysis for type 2. Results showed that Sp was 41 ± 14 sr and 53 ± 21 sr for dust storm and biomass-burning events, respectively. The Sp for biomass-burning events in type 2 showed two peaks patterns. The first peak occurred within range of 30–50 sr corresponding to urban pollutant, and the second peak occurred within range of 60–80 sr in relation to biomass burning. Finally, our study summarized the Sp values for four major aerosol types over northern Taiwan, viz., urban (42 ± 18 sr), dust (34 ± 6 sr), biomass-burning (69 ± 12 sr), and oceanic (30 ± 12 sr). Our findings provide useful references for aerosol classification and air pollution identification over the western North Pacific.
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Kramarova, Natalya A., Pawan K. Bhartia, Glen Jaross, Leslie Moy, Philippe Xu, Zhong Chen, Matthew DeLand, et al. "Validation of ozone profile retrievals derived from the OMPS LP version 2.5 algorithm against correlative satellite measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): 2837–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2837-2018.
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Abstract. The Limb Profiler (LP) is a part of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite launched on board of the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. The LP measures solar radiation scattered from the atmospheric limb in ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges between the surface and 80 km. These measurements of scattered solar radiances allow for the retrieval of ozone profiles from cloud tops up to 55 km. The LP started operational observations in April 2012. In this study we evaluate more than 5.5 years of ozone profile measurements from the OMPS LP processed with the new NASA GSFC version 2.5 retrieval algorithm. We provide a brief description of the key changes that had been implemented in this new algorithm, including a pointing correction, new cloud height detection, explicit aerosol correction and a reduction of the number of wavelengths used in the retrievals. The OMPS LP ozone retrievals have been compared with independent satellite profile measurements obtained from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and Odin Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). We document observed biases and seasonal differences and evaluate the stability of the version 2.5 ozone record over 5.5 years. Our analysis indicates that the mean differences between LP and correlative measurements are well within required ±10 % between 18 and 42 km. In the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere (> 43 km) LP tends to have a negative bias. We find larger biases in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, but LP ozone retrievals have significantly improved in version 2.5 compared to version 2 due to the implemented aerosol correction. In the northern high latitudes we observe larger biases between 20 and 32 km due to the remaining thermal sensitivity issue. Our analysis shows that LP ozone retrievals agree well with the correlative satellite observations in characterizing vertical, spatial and temporal ozone distribution associated with natural processes, like the seasonal cycle and quasi-biennial oscillations. We found a small positive drift ∼ 0.5 % yr−1 in the LP ozone record against MLS and OSIRIS that is more pronounced at altitudes above 35 km. This pattern in the relative drift is consistent with a possible 100 m drift in the LP sensor pointing detected by one of our altitude-resolving methods.
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Acharjee, Santanu, Kabindra Goswami, and Hemanta Kumar Sarmah. "On forward iterated Hausdorffness and development of embryo from zygote in bitopological dynamical systems." SERIES III - MATEMATICS, INFORMATICS, PHYSICS 13(62), no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.mif.2020.13.62.2.3.
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Topological dynamical system is an area of dynamical system to investigate dynamical properties in terms of a topological space. Nada and Zohny [Nada, S.I. and Zohny, H., An application of relative topology in biology, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals. 42 (2009), 202-204] applied topological dynamical system to explore the development process of an embryo from the zygote until birth and made three conjectures. In this paper, we disprove conjecture 3 of Nada and Zohny [Nada, S.I. and Zohny, H., An application of relative topology in biology, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals. 42 (2009), 202-204] by applying some of our mathematical results of bitopological dynamical system. Also, we introduce forward iterated Hausdorff space, backward iterated Hausdorff space, pairwise iterated Hausdor_ space and establish relations between them in bitopological dynamical system. We formulate the function that represents cell division (specially, mitosis) and using this function we show that in the development process of a human baby from the zygote until its birth, there is a stage where the developing stage is forward iterated Hausdorff
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Dias, Maria Joana, Sofia Mouro, Ryane E. Englar, and Rodolfo O. Leal. "Nasal foreign bodies identified by rhinoscopy in dogs: 42 cases." Journal of Small Animal Practice 61, no. 12 (September 28, 2020): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13220.
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Bhartia, P. K., R. D. McPeters, L. E. Flynn, S. Taylor, N. A. Kramarova, S. Frith, B. Fisher, and M. DeLand. "Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) total ozone and profile algorithm." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 10 (October 7, 2013): 2533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2533-2013.
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Abstract. We describe the algorithm that has been applied to develop a 42 yr record of total ozone and ozone profiles from eight Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) instruments launched on NASA and NOAA satellites since April 1970. The Version 8 (V8) algorithm was released more than a decade ago and has been in use since then at NOAA to produce their operational ozone products. The current algorithm (V8.6) is basically the same as V8, except for updates to instrument calibration, incorporation of new ozone absorption cross-sections, and new ozone and cloud height climatologies. Since the V8 algorithm has been optimized for deriving monthly zonal mean (MZM) anomalies for ozone assessment and model comparisons, our emphasis in this paper is primarily on characterizing the sources of errors that are relevant for such studies. When data are analyzed this way the effect of some errors, such as vertical smoothing of short-term variability, and noise due to clouds and aerosols diminish in importance, while the importance of others, such as errors due to vertical smoothing of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and other periodic and aperiodic variations, become more important. With V8.6 zonal mean data we now provide smoothing kernels that can be used to compare anomalies in SBUV profile and partial ozone columns with models. In this paper we show how to use these kernels to compare SBUV data with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone profiles. These kernels are particularly useful for comparisons in the lower stratosphere where SBUV profiles have poor vertical resolution but partial column ozone values have high accuracy. We also provide our best estimate of the smoothing errors associated with SBUV MZM profiles. Since smoothing errors are the largest source of uncertainty in these profiles, they can be treated as error bars in deriving interannual variability and trends using SBUV data and for comparing with other measurements. In the V8 and V8.6 algorithms we derive total column ozone by integrating the SBUV profiles, rather than from a separate set of wavelengths, as was done in previous algorithm versions. This allows us to extend the total ozone retrieval to 88° solar zenith angle (SZA). Since the quality of total column data is affected by reduced sensitivity to ozone in the lower atmosphere by cloud and Rayleigh attenuation, which gets worse with increasing SZA, we provide our best estimate of these errors, as well as the kernels that can be used to test the sensitivity of the derived columns to long-term changes in ozone in the lower atmosphere.
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Bykova, V. P., A. A. Bakhtin, D. P. Polyakov, A. S. Yunusov, and N. A. Daikhes. "Nasal glial heterotopia: Clinical and morphological characteristics." Arkhiv patologii 79, no. 5 (2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/patol201779538-42.
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Van Der Linden, V., K. Thangaraj, and A. Thomas. "42. An unusual case of meningioma presenting as a nasal polyp." Pathology 51 (February 2019): S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2018.09.041.
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Flores, Valdir Do Nascimento, Eduardo Correa Soares, and Marlene Lopes Teixeira. "APRESENTAÇÃO DO NÚMERO 42 DOS CADERNOS DO IL: A DIVERSIDADE DOS ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS." Cadernos do IL, no. 42 (February 15, 2012): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2236-6385.25999.
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Assim manifesta-se Roman Jakobson, em seu célebre texto Deux aspects du langage et deux types d’aphasie, publicado em seus Essais de linguistique générale em 1963: (1969): “a lingüística interessa-se pela linguagem em todos os seus aspectos – pela linguagem em ato, pela linguagem em evolução, pela linguagem em estado nascente, pela linguagem em dissolução” (p. 43). Nada poderia ser atual, no campo dos estudos da linguagem, que essa consideração do grande Jakobson. Como é fácil perceber, diversidade é a palavra de ordem atualmente nos estudos da linguagem. E é bom que seja assim, pois dela, certamente, depende a inovação da área sem que se perca de vista o que o tempo já nos ensinou.
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Tongkukut, Seni Herlina J. "IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI KEJADIAN PETIR DI SULAWESI UTARA." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.11.1.2011.39.
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Telah dilakukan identifikasi potensi kejadian petir di Sulawesi Utara dengan menggunakan data hasil pendeteksian kejadian hari petir sejak tahun 2000 sampai 2008. Pendeteksian kejadian hari petir dilakukan oleh BMKG Sulawesi Utara di stasiun Manado, Bitung, Tondano, Naha dan stasiun Gorontalo. Data yang telah diolah disajikan dalam bentuk peta Iso Keraunik Level (IKL) yang menggambarkan tingkat potensi petir masing-masing daerah pengamatan. Diperoleh hasil bahwa Sulut banyak mengalami kejadian hari petir sepanjang tahun 2000-2008 khususnya Bolaang Mongondow Utara, Tondano dan Manado. Tingkat potensi petir tertinggi meliputi Bolaang Mongondow Utara dan Gorontalo sebesar 48% disusul Tondano 42% lalu Manado sebesar 38%, Bitung 17% dan terakhir Naha 11%. IDENTIFICATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR LIGHTNINGOCCURRENCE IN NORTH SULAWESIABSTRACTIdentification of the potential for lightning occurrence in North Sulawesi using the data detection result from 2000 until 2008. The detection of lightning events were conducted by BMKG stations of Manado, Bitung, Tondano, Naha and Gorontalo. The processed data were presented in the map of the isocronic level that described the lightning potential level in each observation location. The results indicated that North Sulawesi experienced many lightning events during 2000-2008, especially in North Bolaang Mongondow, Tondano and Manado. The highest potential level of lightning was North Bolaang Mongondow as well as Gorontalo (48%), followed by Tondano (42%), Manado (38%), Bitung (17%), and the lowest was Naha (11%).
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TANIGUCHI, Makoto, and Yasuo SHIMANO. "Visit to Valuable Water Springs (42) Spring Water in Nara Prefecture, Japan." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 40, no. 3 (1998): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.40.361.
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Northrup, Nicole C., Sheila M. Etue, David M. Ruslander, Kenneth M. Rassnick, David L. Hutto, Amy Bengtson, William Rand, and Antony S. Moore. "Retrospective Study of Orthovoltage Radiation Therapy for Nasal Tumors in 42 Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 15, no. 3 (May 2001): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02309.x.
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Eremenko, Yu E., O. A. Kornelyuk, V. V. Shlapatsky, and A. A. Kupriyanova. "DEVELOPMENT OF NASAL TAMPONS WITH PRESERVATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF NASAL RESPIRATION TO STOP NASAL BLEEDING." Military Medicine, no. 3 (2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51922/2074-5044.2021.3.99.
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The use of the tampons made of hydrophilic materials while maintaining the function of nasal breathing allows avoiding the complications in the postoperative period, however, their use is complicated by the lack of domestic and high cost of the foreign analogues. The aim of the work is to develop pneumatic nasal tampons made of hydrophilic materials while maintaining the function of nasal breathing. Materials and research methods. Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity was performed ОП 100 volunteers (mean age 38.4±1.5 years, of which 58 were men (58%) and 42 women (42%)) with the determination of the parameters of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the sizes and design features of the nasal tampons are proposed. Substantiated material for the manufacture of nasal tampons. The absorption capacity of the nasal tampons was studied. Results. The selected material for the manufacture of nasal tampons - cellulose. Based on the determination of the parameters of the nasal cavity, the optimal sizes of nasal tampons are proposed: TH2 (14x64x7 mm); TH3 (19x84x7 mm). The design features of the tampons have been determined. ne indications have been developed for the ше of certain types of the tampons. It has been proven that the nasal tampons have a high absorption capacity (1721.0±14.8%), which will ensure high-quality and effective hemostasis. Conclusion. An import-substituting technology for the manufacture of the nasal tampons with preservation of the function of nasal breathing has been developed, what allows to ensure high-quality and effective hemostasis.
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Kenyon, Guy. "Nasal Anatomy and Analysis." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 5, no. 1 (2013): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1108.
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ABSTRACT This article describes the anatomy of the nose and the principles of analysis of the nose and face that will aid a successful rhinoplasty. The analysis is based on the Caucasian female face and appropriate alterations will be needed in considering male patients and those with a differing ethnicity. How to cite this article Kenyon G. Nasal Anatomy and Analysis. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(1):34-42.
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E Silva, Fernanda Meireles, Fernanda Rebello, and Lívia Delfim Maia. "O Pensamento Sistêmico e o Mundo do Trabalho Pós-Fordista." Revista Mosaico 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21727/217877192011.rm.v2i1.33-42.
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O Pensamento Sistêmico surgiu como um contra-ponto a visão do organismo como uma máquina, pois as máquinas são construídas e os organismos crescem, se transformando, suas partes não são feitas em uma linha de montagem. Assim, surge uma nova visão da realidade. Esse rompimento de paradigma favorece a nova concepção do homem como ser social, da relação e interdependência entre as partes de um sistema, apontando que nada se constrói ou se mantêm sozinho. As mudanças vieram ocorrendo como uma nova forma de ver e querer as coisas, deixando de lado a conformidade e abrindo-se a transformações e a correr riscos, tendo como característica a flexibilidade, promovendo mudanças no mundo do trabalho, influenciando a vida de cada indivíduo.
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Odinokov, G. N., G. A. Eroshenko, N. A. Vidyaeva, Ja M. Krasnov, N. P. Gouseva, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Structural and Functional Analysis of nap Operon Genes in Yersinia pestis Strains of Different Subspecies." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4(98) (August 20, 2008): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2008-4(98)-40-42.
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Carried out was structural and functional analysis of nap genes coding for a significant diagnostic feature - nitrate reduction in main and non-main subspecies of Yersinia pestis. The presence of a single nucleotide substitution (A for T in position 631) in gene napA was determined to be the reason for the lack of nitrate reduction in part of the main subspecies strains. Other mutation - single nucleotide substitution G for A in position 1021 of napA is not the reason for absence of this diagnostic feature in non-main subspecies and biovar microtus as this substitution is present in denitrifying and nondenitrifying strains.
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Pavlush, D. G., E. A. Gilifanov, A. I. Tyutyun’kova, V. N. Olikyan, A. V. Trofimova, I. S. Sevost’yanova, N. A. Gorbach, and V. Zh Mizanova. "Neurokinin system activity of nasal cavity mucosa in rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 20, no. 4 (2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2021-4-33-42.
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A study of changes in the activity of elements of the neurokinin system in the tissues of the mucous membrane of the nose in patients with rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps was carried out. The object of the study was human material, polyps of the nasal cavity, and areas of the mucous membrane of the inferior turbinates. The material was obtained from female and male patients aged 30 to 75 years, a total of 70 people (50 patients in the study group and 20 patients in the control group). To solve this problem, we used immunohistochemistry to study the localization and distribution of SP (Substance undecaPeptide) and NK1 (neurokinin1)-positive elements in polyps and mucous membranes of the nose. It was found that the formation of polyposis changes in the nasal cavity is accompanied by morpho-chemical changes in the areas of the mucosa of the inferior turbinates. Analyzing the activity of SP in the nasal mucosa in control patients and patients with polyps of different types, an increase in the number of SP-positive nerve fibers and positive cellular elements of inflammatory infiltrates in the tissues of mucous membrane with an allergic type of polyp is noted. The features of the specific signaling microenvironment in the nasal cavity, providing special conditions for the formation of various types of polyposis changes, have been revealed. The specificity of the activity and distribution of markers of the inflammatory process in the tissues of polyps of different morphological types may serve as a prerequisite for the development of methods for treating this pathology.
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Wakayama, Nozomu, Shoji Matsune, Eriko Takahara, Kuwon Sekine, Yuma Yoshioka, Mariko Ishida, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Kimihiro Okubo, Toshiaki Sunazuka, and Satoshi Ōmura. "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of EM900 on Cultured Human Nasal Epithelial Cells." Journal of Nippon Medical School 85, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/jnms.jnms.2018_85-42.
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PEDEN, D., Y. WADE, R. HOHMAN, and M. KALINER. "42 Cholinergic control of uric acid in nasal secretions constitutes a novel airway antioxidant system." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 87, no. 1 (January 1991): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)91325-n.
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Al-Quraishy, Saleh, Mahamed A. Dkhil, and Ahmed Abdel Moneim. "Hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by Naja haje crude venom." Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 20, no. 1 (2014): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1678-9199-20-42.
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Read, R. C., A. Fox, K. Miller, T. Gray, N. Jones, R. Borrow, D. M. Jones, and R. G. Finch. "Experimental infection of human nasal mucosal explants with Neisseria meningitidis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-42-5-353.
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