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1
Marley, C. L., R. Fychan, V. J. Theobald, D. R. W. Davies, R. Sanderson, M. T. Abberton, and D. R. Davies. "The effects of incorporating either lupins or soya bean meal into concentrate diets when compared with a control concentrate diet on the performance and carcase characteristics of finishing lambs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620002891x.
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Soya bean (Glycine max) meal is an important component of animal feed and oil seed rape and palm kernel cake and meal are typically used in commercial concentrate diets for sheep in the UK.. Lupins (Lupinus; Leguminosae) as a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume, have potential as a home-grown livestock feed in the UK (Wilkins and Jones, 2000). Research has been conducted on the effects of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) (Hill, 2005) but there have been few studies on the effects of yellow lupins (Lupinus luteus) when fed to sheep. This study investigated the effects of incorporating either yellow lupins, narrow-leaf lupins or soya bean meal into the concentrate diets of finishing lambs on lamb productivity and carcass characteristics when compared to a commercial UK lamb finisher diet.
2
Arnold, GW, J. Weeldenberg, and A. Grassia. "Competition between Wimmera ryegrass and narrow-leafed lupins." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850824.
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The ways in which Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) affects the growth and yield of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) were studied in two experiments at Baker's Hill, W.A. (average annual rainfall 650 mm). In the first experiment, Uniharvest lupins and Wimmera ryegrass were grown alone and together starting at two dates. The three rates of ryegrass produced similar biomasses (total dry matter) at maturity (about 8000 kg/ha) but lupin grain yield decreased significantly with ryegrass sowing rate. One effect of ryegrass at the highest sowing rate was to alter the distribution of dry matter in the lupin canopy so that, at the end of the growing season, there was a lower percentage of leaf in the lower part of the canopy and this was associated with less light being received. Water stress in lupins at the end of the growing season was higher at the later planting with ryegrass. A multiple regression analysis showed that 74% of the variation in lupin grain yield between plots was due to variation in lupin height and biomass, and ryegrass tiller numbers in October. Lupins had little effect on ryegrass yield; although there were fewer tillers in the presence of lupins, weights of tillers were higher. In the second experiment, the effects of 38 ryegrass plants/m2 on growth of both Uniharvest and Unicrop lupins grown at a density of 40 plants/m2 were studied. Lupin biomass was unaffected until October but was then reduced significantly by the ryegrass, which yielded 4000 kg/ha dry matter. Grain yield was reduced because fewer pods were produced on lateral branches in both varieties, and on main stems in Uniharvest. The experiments showed that in good growing seasons, in high rainfall areas, lupins will yield grain even when grown with very high densities of ryegrass.
3
Ahmad, Arbab, Geoff J. Thomas, Susan J. Barker, and William J. MacLeod. "Genotype resistance, inoculum source and environment directly influence development of grey leaf spot (caused by Stemphylium spp.) and yield loss in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 1 (2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15073.
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The rediscovery of grey leaf spot (caused by Stemphylium spp.) in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in Western Australia in 2007 and identification of susceptible cultivars raised concern about potential impact of this disease in crop production. This study assessed potential yield loss in narrow-leafed lupins and the importance of inoculum source in the development of the disease. In two field experiments, no disease was observed in the resistant cultivar Mandelup, but disease progress was rapid in susceptible genotypes Unicrop and WALAN2333 and resulted in up to 64% yield loss. Disease progress and yield loss were greater in plots inoculated with infested trash than in those with spray-only inoculum. Release of Stemphylium spores from infested trash was monitored during the lupin-growing period by using spore traps and seedling trap plants. Conidia were released continuously throughout the growing period and significant (P < 0.01) correlation was found between the number of conidia captured and the frequency of rain, and between disease severity on trap plants and aerial concentration of conidia. The results confirm that grey leaf spot can severely reduce yield of susceptible narrow-leafed lupin cultivars and that removal or avoidance of previous season trash will be important in preventing spread of the disease.
4
Bennell, M. R., J. F. Leys, and H. A. Cleugh. "Sandblasting damage of narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.): a field wind tunnel simulation." Soil Research 45, no. 2 (2007): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06066.
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Lupins are frequently the preferred legume species used in dryland crop rotations on light sandy soil types. These soils are prone to erode and the probability of sandblasting is increased if sown to lupins because of their slow growth and low vegetative cover during establishment. In addition, lupins are vulnerable to sandblasting, having above-ground growing points in contrast to cereals where the meristem is below ground and sheltered from damage unless erosion is severe. Consequently, there is concern about sandblasting having an economic impact on farming returns by causing yield reduction in lupin crops. This study reports the impact on the development and yield of narrow-leaf lupins exposed to different durations of sandblasting at a constant wind speed. A portable wind tunnel was placed in the field generating a turbulent boundary layer with a constant free stream mean velocity of 13.7 m/s. Field-grown plants of narrow-leaf lupin (cv. Merrit) were exposed to this velocity field with a total transport mass of 0, 42, 78, 153, and 248 kg/m achieved by maintaining a constant rate of soil introduction and increasing the run time. Plants with an average leaf number of 3.4–9.7 showed macro-damage symptoms increasing in severity with increased transport mass. Yield reduction was not significant up to a total transport mass of 78 kg/m at which plants were showing damage symptoms of wilting and burning of immature leaves and with minor damage of mature leaves. As levels of total transport mass increased, yield reduction occurred, until at the maximum treatment level of 248 kg/m, there was an 18% grain yield loss. At this treatment level damage symptoms included loss of most of the leaf tissue and scoring of the stem. These results indicate that sandblasting can cause significant yield reductions in lupin and that measures to control soil erosion through minimum tillage practices or windbreaks should be considered.
5
Armstrong, E. L., D. P. Heenan, J. S. Pate, and M. J. Unkovich. "Nitrogen benefits of lupins, field pea, and chickpea to wheat production in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 1 (1997): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96054.
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Nitrogen balances of narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), albus lupin (L. albus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sown over a range of dates were examined in 1992 in a rotation study at Wagga Wagga, NSW. Each N budget included assessment of dependence on fixed as opposed to soil N, peak aboveground biomass N, and N removed as grain or returned as unharvested aboveground crop residues. N balances of wheat sown across the plots in 1993 were assessed similarly in terms of biomass and grain yield. Yields, N2 fixation, and crop residue N balances of the legumes were markedly influenced by sowing time, and superior performance of lupins over other species was related to higher biomass production and proportional dependence on N2 fixation, together with a poorer harvest index. Residual N balances in aboveground biomass after harvest of the 1992 crops were significantly correlated with soil mineral N at 1993 sowing and with biomass and grain N yields of the resulting wheat crop. Best mean fixation and grain N yield came from albus lupin. Wheat grain N yields following the 2 lupins were some 20% greater than after fiield pea and chickpea and 3 times greater than after barley. Net soil N balance based solely on aboveground returns of N of legumes in 1992 through to harvest of wheat in 1993 was least for narrow leaf lupin-wheat ( –20 kg N/ha), followed by albus lupin-wheat ( –44), chickpea-wheat ( –74), and field pea-wheat ( –96). Corresponding combined grain N yields (legume+wheat) from the 4 rotations were 269, 361, 178, and 229 kg N/ha, respectively. The barley-wheat rotation yielded a similarly computed soil N deficit of 67 kg/ha. Data are discussed in relation to other studies on legume-based rotations.
6
Liu, A., and C. Tang. "Comparative performance of Lupinus albus genotypes in response to soil alkalinity." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98205.
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Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grows poorly on alkaline soils, whereas white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grows relatively well. This study aimed at examining genotypic variations of white lupins grown in limed acid and alkaline soils in the glasshouse and to test whether the glasshouse findings correlated with those observed in the field. Twelve white lupin genotypes were tested for their tolerance of limed and alkaline soils in the glasshouse. In limed soils compared with the control soil, genotypic variation in shoot growth ranged from 58 to 80%, root weight from 49 to 72%, and leaf chlorophyll concentration from 47 to 96%. In the alkaline soil, shoot weight ranged from 75 to 110%, root weight from 39 to 63%, and chlorophyll concentration from 58 to 94% of the control. However, iron chlorosis did not negatively correlate with shoot growth of the genotypes on the limed or alkaline soils. The results suggest that iron chlorosis may not be used as a sole indicator for selecting tolerant albus lupins for alkaline soils. Nineteen lines including those used in the glasshouse were compared in the field for their ability to grow on an alkaline clay. Large genotypic variation in early shoot growth was also found; shoot weight on the alkaline soil relative to an acid soil ranged from 38 to 85%. However, growth performance of the white lupin genotypes in response to the alkaline soil did not correlate with those in the glasshouse, indicating that factors other than soil alkalinity might also be important for the growth of albus lupin. Screening techniques to identify tolerant genotypes for alkaline soils need to be further developed.
7
Hinsinger, P., and RJ Gilkes. "Root-induced dissolution of phosphate rock in the rhizosphere of lupins grown in alkaline soil." Soil Research 33, no. 3 (1995): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950477.
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Dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock (PR) in the rhizosphere of white lupin (Lupinus albus) and narrow leaf lupin (L. angustifolius) was measured in a growth chamber experiment. Plants were grown for 8-13 days in an artificial soil (pure alumina sand) at alkaline pH to eliminate dissolution of PR due to reaction with the soil. Phosphate rock was supplied as the sole source of P and Ca for the plants at two rates of application (0.1 and 1 mg P g-1 soil). Both species dissolved considerable amounts of PR (up to 70% of PR present within 3 mm from the roots). Phosphorus extracted from the soil with 0.5 M NaOH showed that up to 69% of dissolved P accumulated in the rhizosphere of both species due to sorption by the soil, particularly at the high rate of application. Only white lupin utilized significant amounts of Ca. Thus P and Ca uptake were not driving forces for the root-induced dissolution of PR which was probably due to proton excretion that occurred concurrently, as evidenced by a decrease of rhizosphere pH of about 2 pH units. White lupin dissolved up to twice as much PR than narrow leaf lupin. This may be related to either the larger root biomass of white lupin or the particular excretion activity of its proteoid roots.
8
Croker, KP, JG Allen, PM Wood, and S. Dhaliwal. "Treatment of sweet narrow-leafed lupin crops to reduce phomopsin-induced liver damage (lupinosis) in Merino wether weaners." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 2 (1994): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940139.
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An experiment was carried out with 4 methods of utilising sweet narrow-leafed lupin crops (unharvested, stubble, cut before leaf drop, cut and conserved as rolls), to compare the development of lupinosis in wether weaners at 2 stocking rates while they were growing during the summer period. Growth of weaners grazed on the cut lupin treatments was greater than on lupin stubbles at both 25 and 50 weaners/ha (grazing period 98 and 63 days, respectively). Weaners grazed on unharvested lupin crops gained the most liveweight at the lower stocking rate; at 50/ha, weaners on unharvested lupin grazed for longer than those in the other 3 treatments (98 v. 63 days). After 63 days of grazing over all lupin treatments, weaners at 50ka had more (P<0.05) liver damage than did those at 25ka. Amongst lupin treatments, weaners given fodder rolls had the least liver damage, whereas those on the stubbles had the most (P<0.05). After 98 days, the weaners grazed at 50ka on the unharvested crop and 25ka on stubble had the most liver damage. Those grazed at 25ka on the unharvested crop or on lupin fodder rolls had very little liver damage. Although fodder rolling of lupins did offer some protection against development of liver damage associated with the intake of phomopsins in lupins, larger liveweight gains were obtained on unharvested lupin crops. Therefore, greater flexibility would be available to farmers by leaving lupin crops to mature before deciding how to use them. This would avoid the cost of preparing fodder rolls, which provided no marked advantage in this experiment.
9
French, RJ, and NC Turner. "Water deficits change dry matter partitioning and seed yield in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 3 (1991): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910471.
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lrrigation treatments were imposed in the field on an indeterminate cultivar of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L., cv. Danja) and on a breeding line with reduced branching (75A/329) so that they experienced no water-deficits (frequently irrigated), a transient mild water-deficit or a transient severe water-deficit during early reproductive growth, or continuous severe water-deficit during reproductive growth (unirrigated). Both leaf water potential and leaf conductance declined in all treatments in which a water-deficit was imposed. Differences in leaf conductance were apparent before differences in leaf water potential: conductance declined to 40% and 30% of the frequently irrigated controls in the transient mild and severe water-deficit treatments, respectively. Leaf water potential declined to -1 - 1 MPa and -1.6 MPa, respectively, in the transient mild and severe water-deficit treatments, compared to between -0 - 65 and -0 - 95 MPa for the frequently irrigated controls. Seed yield and total dry weight were reduced in the transient severe water-deficit and unirrigated treatments, but were no different from the frequently irrigated treatment when the water-deficit was transient and mild. However both transient water-deficit treatments produced more main-stem seed yield than the frequently irrigated treatment, especially in the reduced-branching line 75A/329. The transient mild water-deficit treatment also produced more first-order apical axis yield than the frequently irrigated treatment. These yield increases were mainly due to a greater yield of seed per pod, although on the first-order apical axes there was also a tendency to set more pods. The greater seed yield per pod in the transient water-deficit treatments was due to an apparent redirection of assimilate from vegetative to reproductive growth. This was not due to a smaller reduction in reproductive growth rates than in vegetative growth rates, but to an acceleration of reproductive growth that was maintained after stress relief. The same early acceleration of reproductive growth was also observed in unirrigated treatments, but the severe stress which persisted throughout later reproductive growth reduced pod growth rates and negated the early advantage.
10
Stępkowski, Tomasz, Lionel Moulin, Agnieszka Krzyżańska, Alison McInnes, Ian J. Law, and John Howieson. "European Origin of Bradyrhizobium Populations Infecting Lupins and Serradella in Soils of Western Australia and South Africa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7041-7052.2005.
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ABSTRACT We applied a multilocus phylogenetic approach to elucidate the origin of serradella and lupin Bradyrhizobium strains that persist in soils of Western Australia and South Africa. The selected strains belonged to different randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR clusters that were distinct from RAPD clusters of applied inoculant strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with nodulation genes (nodA, nodZ, nolL, noeI), housekeeping genes (dnaK, recA, glnII, atpD), and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer sequences. Housekeeping gene phylogenies revealed that all serradella and Lupinus cosentinii isolates from Western Australia and three of five South African narrow-leaf lupin strains were intermingled with the strains of Bradyrhizobium canariense, forming a well supported branch on each of the trees. All nodA gene sequences of the lupin and serradella bradyrhizobia formed a single branch, referred to as clade II, together with the sequences of other lupin and serradella strains. Similar patterns were detected in nodZ and nolL trees. In contrast, nodA sequences of the strains isolated from native Australian legumes formed either a new branch called clade IV or belonged to clade I or III, whereas their nonsymbiotic genes grouped outside the B. canariense branch. These data suggest that the lupin and serradella strains, including the strains from uncultivated L. cosentinii plants, are descendants of strains that most likely were brought from Europe accidentally with lupin and serradella seeds. The observed dominance of B. canariense strains may be related to this species' adaptation to acid soils common in Western Australia and South Africa and, presumably, to their intrinsic ability to compete for nodulation of lupins and serradella.
11
Riley, MM, JW Gartrell, RF Brennan, J. Hamblin, and P. Coates. "Zinc deficiency in wheat and lupins in Western Australia is affected by the source of phosphate fertiliser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 4 (1992): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920455.
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A long-term field experiment is being conducted in the wheatbelt of Western Australia to determine the effects of source of phosphate fertiliser on the residual effectiveness of zinc (Zn) to wheat and to sweet, narrow-leafed lupins grown in rotation. The initial 2 years' results of that experiment reported here indicate that both wheat and lupins responded to the addition of Zn to the soil. The requirements of these crops for Zn, can be mostly met with the small amount of Zn that is a natural component in single superphosphate manufactured from rock phosphates, but not with diammonium phosphate (DAP). The internal requirements for Zn of the aboveground tissues of lupins appear greater than those of wheat. Depending on the stage of growth, critical concentrations of Zn in the youngest leaf tissues of wheat that were prognostic of Zn deficiency, were found to vary from about 7 to 16 �g/g, while those in lupins were found to vary from about 28 to 37 �g/g.
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Henson, IE, CR Jensen, and NC Turner. "Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Lupins and Wheat. III. Abscisic Acid and Drought-Induced Stomatal Closure." Functional Plant Biology 16, no. 5 (1989): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890429.
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Changes in the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) were followed in glasshouse experiments during stomatal closure induced by drought in leaves of lupin (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. cv. Eregulla) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvv. Gamenya and Warigal), species which differ in stomatal sensitivity to changes in leaf water potential. Increases in bulk leaf ABA concentration were closely correlated with decreases in leaf conductance in both species. In lupin, substantial increases in ABA and decreases in conductance occurred over a very narrow range of leaf water potential. ABA concentrations in wheat leaves were highly negatively correlated with bulk leaf turgor, but there was no significant relationship between ABA and turgor in lupin. However, ABA accumulated progressively in the leaves of both species as soil water content decreased. Stomatal closure in lupin could be induced by supplying exogenous ABA to detached leaves via the transpiration stream at concentrations of 10-4 to 10-2 mol m-3 of (+)-ABA. Abaxial stomata closed more readily than those on the adaxial surface in response to both drought and applied ABA. Stomatal response to ABA was not affected by the presence of the cytokinin zeatin, and zeatin by itself had no effect on conductance. When treatments designed to reduce endogenous cytokinin concentrations were imposed (prolonged leaf detachment or prior drought), stomatal response to low concentrations of ABA was enhanced. However, such treatments did not significantly change the stomatal response to high ABA concentrations, nor affect the stomatal conductance of leaves supplied with water alone. It is concluded that drought-induced stomatal closure could be mediated by ABA in both wheat and lupin, despite the initially small change in leaf water status in the latter species.
13
Scott, B. J., D. J. Carpenter, B. D. Braysher, B. R. Cullis, and C. M. Evans. "Phosphorus fertiliser placement for lupins in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (2003): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01201.
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Research in Western Australia and South Australia indicated that fertiliser phosphorus (P) banded below the seed of narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) at sowing was a more effective method of applying P�fertiliser than the usual placement of P with the seed. This technology has not been investigated in southern New South Wales where lupins have been known to be unresponsive to fertiliser P.We conducted 4 field experiments to examine the effect on lupin yield of applying 6 rates of P (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 kg/ha) either by placement with or below the seed. To further test responsiveness to P, an additional set of treatments was used; applying P at 40 kg/ha before sowing and then placing additional P below the seed at the 6�rates of application. The grain yield of lupin was increased by P application at all sites, despite the medium to high P�status of 3 of the 4 sites used in these experiments. However, the technique of banding P fertiliser below the seed depth rather than placing it in direct seed contact had only a small advantage in grain yield responsiveness to applied fertiliser P (P = 0.09). Fitted response curves indicated that when P was applied at 15 kg/ha, grain yield increased by 60 kg/ha at one site and 30 kg/ha at the other 3 sites, if P was deep-placed rather than applied in seed contact. This advantage of deep placement of P fertiliser was much smaller than has been reported in Western Australia.Placement of P below the seed of lupin when sown on the red earth and red-brown earth soils of southern New South Wales slightly enhanced the availability of fertiliser P. This applied even when sowing was quite shallow (2–3�cm), provided recommended rates of P fertiliser were used at conventional row spacing (17 cm). Separation of seed and fertiliser to avoid reduced germination may be an advantage when using double row spacing and higher P�application rates.
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Mason, MG, and IC Rowland. "Effect of amount and quality of previous crop residues on the nitrogen fertiliser response of a wheat crop." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 3 (1992): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920363.
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Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha cv. Circle Valley) at 3 sowing rates (3, 12, and 50 kg/ha), narrow leaf lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Illyarrie) at 2 sowing rates (30 and 100 kg/ha, with the high rate sown early or late) and oats (Avena sativa cv. Winjardie) at 2 sowing rates (20 and 60 kg/ha, with the high rate sown early or late), were planted on a deep, infertile siliceous sand at Badgingarra in 1988, to produce residues of varying quantity and quality. Residues produced (minus seed) varied in quantity from 0.70 t/ha (medic 3 kg/ha) to 4.22 t/ha (lupins 100 kg/ha sown early) when measured in late summer. Carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N) ranged from 37.3 to 58.5 (medic), 28.3 to 40.4 (lupins), and 78.6 to 112.0 (oats). Seed present in the residues ranged from 0.18 to 0.47 t/ha (medic) and from 0.32 to 0.57 t/ha (lupins). The ranges in C/N values were 8.3-9.3 (medic) and 9.4-10.0 (lupin). There was no grain in the oats residues. The residues were incorporated into the soil during the sowing operation of a wheat crop in 1989. Subplots of 6 rates of N as ammonium nitrate (0, 14, 27, 54, 82, and 163 kg N/ha) were included in each block. Wheat dry matter and grain yields were higher following lupins and medic than following oats, and although there were large responses to N fertiliser following all 1988 crops, the N application had little effect on the difference between oats and legumes. In the absence of N fertiliser, yields and N uptake by the 1989 wheat crop were higher following lupins than following medic, due to hardseededness of medic seeds. There were no significant differences within 1988 crop groups. There were good correlations between dry matter and grain yield of wheat without N fertiliser and C/N value of the residues. The correlations were better when seed was not included in the calculation (r2 = 0.86 and 0.80, respectively) than when the seed was included (r2 = 0.79 and 0.64). Similar correlations were obtained between dry matter and grain yields and total N content of the residues. Correlations were lower when seed was omitted (r2 = 0.64 and 0.75) than when it was included (r2 = 0.70 and 0.81). Yields decreased with increasing C/N and increased with total N content of the residues. Wheat grain N concentrations fell with the first increment of N fertiliser, which produced a large yield increase, but rose to high levels at high rates of N.
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Galwey, N. W., K. Adhikari, M. Dracup, and R. Thomson. "Agronomic potential of genetically diverse narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) with restricted branching." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 7 (2003): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02192.
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The indeterminate growth habit of narrow-leafed lupin appears to cause a suboptimal pattern of grain filling in the Mediterranean-type environment of south-western Australia. Development of cultivars with genetically restricted branching (RB) has been proposed to overcome the problem. However, restriction of branching causes profound phenological and architectural changes, and it may be necessary to compensate for these by incorporating RB into a genetic background that confers high shoot mass. In order to make a robust assessment of the value of RB in a range of backgrounds, the trait was incorporated from 5 donor parents into the genetic background of 10 recurrent parents by 2 rounds of back-crossing followed by self-fertilisation of the progeny for 4 generations to produce BC2S4 lines. Thirty-two of these lines were obtained with highly RB or mildly RB, a range of flowering times from 68 to 118 days after sowing, and 16–34 leaf nodes on the main stem. They were tested with their parents in replicated field trials at 3 sites in Western Australia at latitudes from 28°S to 33°S. The RB genotypes generally gave higher grain yield than the normal-branching genotypes at the high-latitude, high-rainfall, long growing season, high shoot mass producing site of Esperance, and the 2 types gave approximately equal yield in the low-latitude, low-rainfall, short-season, low shoot mass site of Mullewa. Only at the intermediate site of Wongan Hills did the normal-branching genotypes have a clear advantage. RB genotypes had higher harvest index than corresponding normal-branching genotypes, particularly at Esperance, and tended to produce more pods but slightly fewer seeds per pod and lighter seeds. There was no consistent difference in performance between highly and mildly RB genotypes, contrary to an expectation that the highly RB type would produce insufficient shoot mass. There was a tentative indication that, within RB lines, a large number of leaf nodes on the main stem conferred more reliably high grain yield in the environments of Esperance and Wongan Hills. Overall, these results provide ample justification for the development and further evaluation of RB cultivars. However, this conclusion comes with 2�caveats: that a different background development pattern should be adopted to that used in normal branching lupins, and that RB cultivars should be evaluated in the target environments where the character confers an advantage.
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Palta, J. A., and Z. Plaut. "Yield and components of seed yield of indeterminate narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) subjected to transient water deficit." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 7 (1999): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar97162.
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The effect of transient water deficits on seed yield and components of seed yield of narrow-leafed lupin was measured in plants grown in a controlled environment under simulated field conditions. Lupins were grown in large columns of soil and transient water deficits were induced at pod set on the mainstem and first-order apical branches by withholding water for a 5-day period. Soil water content, leaf water potential, turgor pressure, and leaf conductance declined similarly during each period of transient water deficit. Differences in these parameters were apparent 2 days after water was withheld, and over the 5-day period, leaf water potential declined to −1.3 MPa and leaf conductance fell to 44% of the well-watered controls. Total dry matter per plant was reduced by the transient water deficit treatments. The reduction resulted from less accumulation of dry matter on the first, second, and third order apical branches. Leaf area on these branches was also reduced by abscission of the leaves after the water deficit was released. Seed yield per plant after each period of transient water deficit was reduced by 30–33%, relative to the well-watered controls. The reduction was largely due to a reduction in seed yield on the branches, mainly because they had fewer pods and seeds per pod. Seed dry weight and harvest index were not significantly affected by each period of transient water deficit. We conclude that differences in final seed yield between the well- watered controls and the transient water deficit treatments resulted from differences in pod number and seeds per pod. Low dry matter accumulation and reduction in leaf area on the first- and second-order apical branches under the transient water deficit were associated with the differences. Whereas the differences in pod number generated differences in the size of the reproductive sink, the differences in leaf area generated differences in the source capacity for assimilates for pod set and pod-filling.
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Yakovleva, Marina, Vladislav Dimitriev, and Georgiy Mefod'ev. "THE INFLUENCE OF LEGUMINOUS PLANTS AS PRECEDENTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF POTATOES." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-48-51.
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The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of using leguminous crops for grain as potato precursors. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019 in Krasnoarmeyskiy district of the Chuvash Republic. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest, heavy loam granulometric composition with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.9%, mobile phosphorus - 140 and exchange potassium - 160 mg/kg of soil, pH - 5.1 units. Narrow leaf lupine, soybeans and fodder beans for grain were used as potato precursors; control was employed steam (vetch barley mixture for green fodder). Potato planting was carried out on May 10. The repetition of the experiment is 3 times, the size of the plots is 1.5 per 10 m, an area of 15 m2. The planting scheme of potatoes is 70 by 30 cm with embedment of tubers to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm. In the experiment, an early ripe variety Udacha was grown. Before planting, the tubers were treated with the insecto-fungicide Emesto Quantum (0.32 l/t). Plant care included pre-emergence and two post-emergence row-spacings cultivation, hilling, and weeding. The best precursors for potatoes are narrow-leaved lupins and soybeans. In these cases, there is a significant increase in tuber yield by 31.2 and 30.8%, dry matter - by 6.7 and 9.2%, and starch - by 4.3 and 5.5%, respectively.
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French, Robert J., and Bevan J. Buirchell. "Lupin: the largest grain legume crop in Western Australia, its adaptation and improvement through plant breeding." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05088.
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Between 500 000 and 1 000 000 tonnes of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) are produced in Western Australia each year. It has become the predominant grain legume in Western Australian agriculture because it is peculiarly well adapted to acid sandy soils and the Mediterranean climate of south-western Australia. It has a deep root system and root growth is not reduced in mildly acid soils, which allows it to fully exploit the water and nutrients in the deep acid sandplain soils that cover much of the agricultural areas of Western Australia. It copes with seasonal drought through drought escape and dehydration postponement. Drought escape is lupin’s main adaptation to drought, and has been strengthened by plant breeders over the past 40 years by removal of the vernalisation requirement for flowering, and further selection for earlier flowering and maturity. Lupin postpones dehydration by several mechanisms. Its deep root system allows it to draw on water from deep in the soil profile. Lupin stomata close to reduce crop water demand at a higher leaf water potential than wheat, but photosynthetic rates are higher when well watered. It has been proposed that stomata close in response to roots sensing receding soil moisture, possibly at a critical water potential at the root surface. This is an adaptation to sandy soils, which hold a greater proportion of their water at high matric potentials than loamy or clayey soils, since the crop needs to moderate its water use while there is still sufficient soil water left to complete its life cycle. Lupin has limited capacity for osmotic adjustment, and does not tolerate dehydration as well as other crops such as wheat or chickpea. Plant breeding has increased the yield potential of lupin in the main lupin growing areas of Western Australia by 2–3 fold since the first adapted cultivar was released in 1967. This has been due largely to selecting earlier flowering and maturing cultivars, but also to improved pod set and retention, resistance to Phomopsis leptostromiformis (Kühn) Bubák, and more rapid seed filling. We propose a model for reproductive development in lupin where vegetative growth is terminated in response to receding soil moisture and followed by a period in which all assimilate is devoted to seed filling. This should allow lupin to adjust its developmental pattern in response to seasonal conditions to something like the optimum that mathematical optimal control theory would choose for that season. This is the type of pattern that has evolved in lupin, and the task of future plant breeders will be to fine-tune it to better suit the environment in the lupin growing areas of Western Australia.
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Henderson, CWL. "Sensitivity of eight cereal and legume species to the compaction status of deep, sandy soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 3 (1991): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910347.
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The effects of soil compaction and deep ripping on the growth and yield of crop (wheat, barley, oats, triticale, narrow leaf lupins and field peas) and pasture species (barrel medic and subterranean clover) were investigated for deep, sandy soils near Geraldton, Western Australia. In 1984 (an average rainfall season), growth and yields of all species were substantially reduced by soil compaction. Lupins were not included in the experiment. Barley, wheat and pea yields were reduced by around 45%; oat and triticale yields by 30%; and spring biomass of both pasture species was reduced by about 30%. The differences in response between the species were not significant (P>0.05). In 1985 (a very dry year), amelioration of soil compaction by deep ripping increased the dry matter at flowering of all the species, including lupins, by about 30%. Severe water stress in the cereals after flowering prevented the conversion of this dry matter advantage into grain yield differences. Because of late flowering and slow maturation, the yield of the oats was significantly (P<0.05) lower on the deep-ripped areas, compared with the yield on the compacted soil. Deep ripping increased the yield of peas by 60% and lupins by 20%, probably because flowering and seed filling were completed before the onset of severe water stress. For deep, sandy soils in mediterranean environments, maximum economic benefit would normally accrue from deep ripping prior to the cereal phase, given that current agronomic principles generally preclude the growing of peas on these soils. Selection of cereal species mainly depends on relative yields and prices; however, the results suggest that use of cultivars with rapid early growth, early flowering and quick maturity would maximise the response to compaction amelioration and minimise the risk of poor grain filling.
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Reader, M. A., M. Dracup, and C. A. Atkins. "Transient high temperatures during seed growth in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) I. High temperatures reduce seed weight." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 8 (1997): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97042.
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Highly variable yields are a weakness of narrow-leafed lupins. Yield variability could be caused by many factors, including hot days during seed filling. This paper investigates the effects of 2 hot days at various stages of seed filling in L. angustifoliusL. cv. Merrit. Exposing adequately watered plants to a total of 6 h at 34, 36, or 38˚C, compared with 20˚C, over 2 consecutive days reduced weight per seed by 4, 8, or 12% at maturity, respectively. The 38˚C treatment, applied when seeds averaged 4% of their final weight, also caused significant seed abortion. High temperatures reduced weight per seed at all stages of seed growth, except when seeds were <5-12 mg dry weight (3 and 6% of final seed dry weight, Expts 1 and 2, respectively). The reductions in weight per seed were not associated with reduced assimilate supply because: (a) neither photosynthesis nor leaf longevity were reduced by heat treatment; (b) competing inflorescences and branches were not allowed to develop; (c) the plants produced very large seeds for this cultivar (174-190 mg); and (d) leaves remained green well after the pods had matured. Seed N concentration decreased and fat concentration increased by small, although statistically significant, amounts in response to heat treatment at the last stage of seed development tested (57% of final weight per seed when treated) but not at earlier stages. This study indicates that hot days with pod temperatures as low as 34-36˚C during seed development can cause reductions in weight per seed, and hence yields, in narrow-leafed lupin crops.
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Anderson, G. C., I. R. P. Fillery, P. J. Dolling, and S. Asseng. "Nitrogen and water flows under pasture - wheat and lupin - wheat rotations in deep sands in Western Australia. 1. Nitrogen fixation in legumes, net N mineralisation,and utilisation of soil-derived nitrogen." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97141.
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Detailed studies on the eciency with which pastures and crops use soil-derived nitrogen (N) in southern Australia are limited. Inefficiencies in the N cycle are indicated by wide spread soilacidification and low N status in wheat grain. The aims of this study were to document rates of N2 fixation by subterranean clover-based pastures and narrow-leaf lupin, plant uptake of soil-derived N, mineralisation of organic N during legume and cereal phases, and export of N from pastures, lupin,and wheat in relation to climate and soil water. These measurements were undertaken in a rotation experiment conducted on a deep sand located in the northern wheat belt of Western Australia at a site with a long-term average rainfall of 460 mm. The rotations examined over 3 years were 2 years pasture-wheat and lupin-wheat. The 15N natural abundance technique was used to differentiate soil-derived N from atmospheric Nin legumes. Biomass production, grain yields, and N contents were standard plant measurements in all treatments. Net N mineralisation between growing seasons was as certained by measuring changes in soil inorganic N to 1·5 m. Growing season net N mineralisation was determined using an in situ method in which soil cores were isolated from plant roots. Anion exchange resin was used to trap NO-3 leached below the depth of the soil cores. Nitrogen fixation by subterranean clover in a mixed pasture ranged from 29 to 162 kg N/ha whereas N2 fixation by lupins was less variable, ranging from 90 to 151 kg N/ha. Pastures were large consumers of soil-derived N (range 58-154 kg N/ha), with capeweed being the most important sink (range 38-120 kg N/ha). In comparison, wheat and lupins were inefficient users of soil N, removing 29-51 kg N/ha within a season. Another 31-67 kg N/ha of inorganic N in soil was not utilised by wheat or lupin. Annual net N mineralisation ranged from 80 to 130 kg N, confirming the high rate of decomposition of organic matter in the sandy soil. Mineralisation over summer and autumn, when crop and pastures were not grown, supplied ~25% of the inorganic N produced in soil profiles in 1995 and 20-40% in1996. The study indicated that legumes used in rotations with cereals on deep sands were able to add adequate organic N to soil to insure rates of net N mineralisation sufficient to support cereal yieldsin excess of current shire averages. However, in practice, the asynchrony in supply and demand for N resulted in the inefficient use of soil-derived N by wheat.
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Davies, C. L., D. W. Turner, and M. Dracup. "Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) II. Leaf gas exchange, plant water status, and nitrogen accumulation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 6 (2000): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99074.
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Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) may have potential as a legume crop in waterlogging-prone areas of Western Australia. To elucidate the physiological response of yellow lupin and the widely grown narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) to transient waterlogging we conducted experiments in controlled environments. Narrow-leafed lupin and yellow lupin were grown in pots and waterlogged for 14 days from 28 to 42, or 56 to 70 days after sowing, each being followed by a 14-day recovery period. Root and shoot growth responses, leaf gas exchange, water relations, and N accumulation were assessed. During the period of waterlogging, net nitrogen accumulation ceased in both species at both ages. During recovery, yellow lupin accumulated more nitrogen than narrow-leafed lupin. Waterlogging reduced leaf gas exchange more with older plants than with younger plants, and more so with narrow-leafed lupin than yellow lupin. Some components of leaf gas exchange, particularly leaf conductance, were reduced by up to 80%. Waterlogging had no effect on leaf water potential of yellow lupin but reduced it in narrow-leafed lupin, from about –450 to –1100 kPa, especially during the recovery period. Yellow lupin was more adapted to transient waterlogging than narrow-leafed lupin because it maintained its leaf water status, it accumulated more nitrogen during recovery, and its photosynthetic activity recovered quickly afterremoval of waterlogging.
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Davies, C. L., D. W. Turner, and M. Dracup. "Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) I. Shoot and root growth in a controlled environment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 6 (2000): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99073.
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We studied the adaptation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and yellow lupin (L. luteus) to waterlogging because yellow lupin may have potential as a new legume crop for coarse-textured, acidic, waterlogging-prone areas in Western Australia. In a controlled environment, plants were waterlogged for 14 days at 28 or 56 days after sowing (DAS). Plants were more sensitive when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS than from 28 to 42 DAS, root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth, and leaf expansion was more sensitive than leaf dry weight accumulation. Waterlogging reduced the growth of narrow-leafed lupin (60–81%) more than that of yellow lupin (25–56%) and the response was more pronounced 2 weeks after waterlogging ceased than at the end of waterlogging. Waterlogging arrested net root growth in narrow-leafed lupin but not in yellow lupin, so that after 2 weeks of recovery the root dry weight of yellow lupin was the same as that of the control plants but in narrow-leafed lupin it was 62% less than the corresponding control plants. Both species produced equal amounts of hypocotyl root when waterlogged from 28 to 42 DAS but yellow lupin produced much greater amounts than narrow-leafed lupin when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS.
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Król, Angelika, Ryszard Amarowicz, and Stanisław Weidner. "Content of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties in Seeds of Sweet and Bitter Cultivars of Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius)." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 10 (October 2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301027.
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The main purpose was to demonstrate differences in the total content of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and to analysis differences in the antioxidant properties of extracts obtained from seeds of several narrow-leaf lupine cultivars ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). The biological material consisted of seeds of four cultivars of narrow-leaf lupine characterized by different concentrations of alkaloids. The total content of phenolics was determined with the colorimetric method using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Other determinations included the ability of seed extracts to scavenge DPPH• radicals and ABTS•+ cation radicals. The reducing power of the extracts was also determined. Chromatographic and qualitative separation of the phenolic compounds present in seeds was performed with the RP-HPLC method. Out of the four cultivars, the bitter narrow-leaf lupine produced seeds with the highest total content of phenolic compounds, which was also correlated with its antiradical characteristics. In the analyzed seeds were also found to contain three phenolic acids: ferulic, sinapinic and p-coumaric one.
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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, M. K. Conyers, B. R. Cullis, P. D. Cregan, R. P. Fisher, L. J. C. Castleman, G. J. Poile, C. M. Evans, and B. Braysher. "Crop responses to lime in long-term pasture-crop rotations in a high rainfall area in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 3 (2001): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00087.
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A long-term trial, known as ‘managing acid soils through efficient rotations’ (MASTER), commenced in 1992 to develop and demonstrate a cropping system that is economically viable on the highly acid soils of the traditional permanent pasture region in south-eastern Australia, so that their fertility is sustained or improved. There were 2 permanent pasture systems and 2 pasture–crop rotations, each with and without lime. This paper reports the effect of lime on crop production over the first cycle (6 years). On annual pasture–crop rotations, lime significantly increased the dry matter production at anthesis and grain yields of wheat (cv. Dollarbird) compared with the unlimed treatments. Averaged across years from 1992 to 1997 (excluding the severe drought year 1994), wheat crops produced 1.6 t/ha more grain on the limed treatments than on the unlimed treatments (3.6 v. 2.0 t/ha). On perennial pasture–crop rotations, the lime effects varied with crops grown at each phase and year. For example, despite being tolerant of acidity, oats (cv. Yarran) responded to lime in 1996. Likewise, triticale (cv. Abacus) responded to lime in 1997. Wheat (cv. Dollarbird) that is moderately tolerant to acidity responded to lime in phase 6 from 1992 to 1997 excluding 1994 (3.5 v. 1.7 t/ha). Acid-tolerant wheat varieties, triticale, and narrow-leaf lupins are considered the most viable crops for the soil and climatic conditions encountered in this high rainfall (5000—800 mm per annum) area of south-eastern Australia.
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Kordan, Bożena, Beata Gabryś, Katarzyna Dancewicz, Leśław B. Lahuta, Agnieszka Piotrowicz‐Cieślak, and Ewa Rowińska. "European yellow lupine, Lupinus luteus , and narrow‐leaf lupine, Lupinus angustifolius , as hosts for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 128, no. 1 (May 15, 2008): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00702.x.
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Davies, C. L., D. W. Turner, R. Munns, and M. Dracup. "Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) IV. Root genotype is more important than shoot genotype." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 6 (2000): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99126.
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To understand how yellow lupin tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin, we investigated the roles of the roots and the shoots of these species. Reciprocal- and self-grafted combinations (scion = shoot/rootstock) of yellow and narrow-leafed lupin were made at the 2-leaf stage and waterlogged 45 days later (8–10 leaf stage). Responses to waterlogging were examined at the end of waterlogging and following a recovery period of 14 days.Waterlogging of reciprocal and self-grafted plants reduced total plant dry weight by 15–58% compared with non-waterlogged controls. These reductions were greater when the rootstock was narrow-leafed rather than yellow lupin, and were similar for the roots and shoots. Waterlogging increased dry weight of hypocotyl roots in most grafting combinations (by 2–19-fold), but grafts with narrow-leafed lupin scions produced almost twice the hypocotyl root length of grafts with yellow lupin scions. During the waterlogging period, leaf gas exchange decreased by 16–74% in all grafting combinations except in narrow-leafed lupin scion/yellow lupin rootstock where it increased by 17–30%. During waterlogging, stem water potential decreased and leaf osmotic pressure increased. These changes compensated one another and consequently there was no effect on bulk leaf turgor. After 14 days recovery, water relations returned to initial values. Tolerance of the whole plant to waterlogging was influenced more by the root genotype than the shoot genotype. However, production of hypocotyl roots in response to waterlogging was related to the shoot genotype rather than the root genotype.
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Siddique, KHM, GH Walton, and M. Seymour. "A comparison of seed yields of winter grain legumes in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930915.
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Field trials were conducted in 2 seasons at 13 sites on neutral to alkaline soils in Western Australia, to compare the growth and seed yield of 6 winter grain legume species: field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), albus lupin (L. albus). In a dry year (1991), overall site mean seed yield was highest for field pea (1.35 t/ha), then faba bean (1.22 t/ha) and narrow leaf lupin (0.85 t/ha). Chickpea, lentil line ILL5728, and albus lupin produced an average seed yield of 0.64 t/ha. Rainfall in 1992 was above average and seed yields of all species except field pea were higher than in 1991. Heavy rainfall in winter and spring caused transient waterlogging at several sites, affecting growth and seed yield of most species. Faba bean responded positively to the increase in rainfall and produced exceptional seed yields of >4 t/ha at 3 sites. Mean seed yield was highest for faba bean, at 2.87 t/ha, then narrow leaf lupin (1.19 t/ha), chickpea (1.1 t/ha), and field pea (1.0 t/ha). Field pea performed poorly at several sites due to its susceptibility to transient waterlogging and black spot disease (caused by Mycosphaerella pinoides). Albus lupin and lentil line ILL5728 produced similar seed yields (0.78 t/ha). Lentil cvv. Laird (1991) and Kye (1992) had low seed yields due to poor adaptation. Seed yield differences between species at various locations were not simply related to any soil chemical parameters or to depth to clay. On a calcareous soil of pH(CaC12) 8 at Dongara, the growth of narrow leaf lupin was severely affected and the crop failed. Days to flowering varied between species; faba bean was earliest to flower (76 days), then field pea. Faba bean and field pea (particularly in 1991) generally produced the most dry matter, both early and at final harvest. The relationship between seed yield and rainfall was complicated by transient waterlogging and fungal disease (e.g. black spot in field pea) at many sites. Seed yield was significantly positively related to final dry matter production but not to harvest index.
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Pan, Gang, Ping Si, Qin Yu, Jumin Tu, and Stephen Powles. "Non-target site mechanism of metribuzin tolerance in induced tolerant mutants of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 5 (2012): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12065.
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Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is an important grain legume crop in Australia. Metribuzin is an important herbicide used to control weeds in lupin crops. This study investigated metribuzin tolerance mechanism in narrow-leafed lupin by comparing two induced mutants (Tanjil-AZ-33 and Tanjil-AZ-55) of higher metribuzin tolerance with the susceptible wild type. Sequencing of the highly conserved region of the chloroplast psbA gene (target site) revealed that the sequences of the wild type and the mutants were identical and therefore metribuzin tolerance is not target site based. Photosynthetic activity was measured and the leaf photosynthesis of the two tolerant mutants was initially inhibited after metribuzin treatment, but recovered within 2.5 days whereas that of the susceptible plants remained inhibited. The photosynthetic measurements confirmed the target site chloroplast was susceptible and the tolerance mechanism is non-target site based. Investigation with known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitors (omethoate, malathion and phorate) showed that tolerance could be reversed in both mutants, indicating the tolerance mechanism in two tolerant mutants may involve cytochrome P450 enzymes. Interestingly, the inhibitor tridiphane reversed metribuzin tolerance of only one of the two tolerant mutants, indicating diversity in metribuzin tolerance mechanisms in narrow-leafed lupin. These results signify that further investigation of metribuzin metabolism in these plants is warranted. In conclusion, metribuzin tolerance mechanism in lupin mutants is non-target site based, likely involving P450-mediated metribuzin metabolism.
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Palta, J. A., N. C. Turner, and R. J. French. "The yield performance of lupin genotypes under terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 4 (2004): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03135.
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With a view to identifying and understanding the genotypic differences in yield under terminal drought, a range of lupin genotypes representing narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) was studied in field experiments in the low rainfall Mediterranean environment of Western Australia over 3 seasons. In each year Merrit, the most common commercial cultivar in Western Australia, was used as the reference to which the yield of other genotypes was compared. In the first and third year, 5 or 6 genotypes were grown with and without irrigation from the start of pod set. In the second year, 9 genotypes were grown with irrigation and under a rainout shelter from the start of pod set. Detailed measurements were made of plant water status, leaf area and biomass production, flowering and podding date, and seed yield and its components.The timing and intensity of the terminal drought varied from average in 1998 and 1999 to extreme in 2000. Post-podding leaf water potential (Ψleaf) under rainfed conditions decreased to –2 MPa in 1998 and 1999 and below –2.5 MPa in 2000, whereas under supplementary irrigation it was maintained at –1.2 MPa in 1998 and 1999 and at –1.5 MPa in 2002.The seed yield of all genotypes under terminal drought varied from 24 to 66% of that with supplementary irrigation. In each year, the seed yield under rainfed conditions showed genotypic differences consistent with the timing and intensity of the development of terminal drought. Under conditions of terminal drought the seed yields of the narrow-leafed lupin cultivars Belara and Tallerack, and of the breeding line WALAN 2049, were higher than of Merrit by 29% in 1998. Tanjil, Belara, and Quilinock out-yielded Merrit by 33–53% in 1999 and Belara and Quilinock out-yielded Merrit by 80% in 2000. Harvest index was higher in Belara and Quilinock than in Merrit. Under both terminal drought conditions and supplemental irrigation, Belara and Quilinock had high seed yields that were associated with a greater number of seeds per pod and larger seed size. It is argued that early flowering and podding in Belara and Quilinock allowed more seeds to develop and fill before the terminal drought became more severe.
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Hashem, Abul, R. Michael Collins, and David G. Bowran. "Efficacy of Interrow Weed Control Techniques in Wide Row Narrow-Leaf Lupin." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (March 2011): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00081.1.
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The sharp decline in the area of lupin grown in Australia is partly attributed to the failure to control herbicide-resistant weeds in narrow-leaf lupin crops grown with the conventional 25-cm-wide row spacing. Growing lupin with wider row spacing allows for interrow weed control by nonselective herbicides using a sprayshield or physical methods. During 2003 to 2006, two experiments conducted at five sites evaluated the efficacy of interrow weed control techniques in narrow-leaf lupin crops grown in 55- to 65-cm-wide rows within the Western Australia wheatbelt. Interrow herbicides were applied POST using sprayshields, intrarow herbicides were banded on lupin rows at seeding, and interrow weeds were mowed using a garden mower. The main weed species at each site was rigid ryegrass, blue lupin, or wild radish. Paraquat plus diquat applied on the interrow of the lupin crop with sprayshields controlled up to 100% of weeds between rows, leading to increases in lupin grain yield in most of the sites. Glyphosate alone, a mixture of glyphosate plus metribuzin, and glyphosate followed by paraquat plus diquat also controlled interrow weeds, but did not increase lupin grain yield at any site. Thus, paraquat plus diquat is a better choice for interrow weed control in wide row lupin than glyphosate. Mowing did not improve weed control, but mowing followed by paraquat plus diquat increased lupin grain yield at one site. Regression models predicted that there was a strong relationship between weed biomass and lupin grain yield.
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Conyers, M. K., M. J. Bell, N. S. Wilhelm, R. Bell, R. M. Norton, and C. Walker. "Making Better Fertiliser Decisions for Cropping Systems in Australia (BFDC): knowledge gaps and lessons learnt." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 5 (2013): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13068.
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Soil testing remains a most valuable tool for assessing the fertiliser requirement of crops. The relationship between soil tests (generally taken from surface soil) and relative yield (RY) response to fertiliser is subject to the influence of environment (e.g. water, temperature) and management (e.g. cultivation, sowing date). As such, the degree of precision is often low when the soil test calibration is based on a wide range of independent experiments on many soil types over many years by many different operators. Hence, the 90% RY target used in soil test interpretation is best described by a critical range (critical concentration and confidence interval) for a given soil test rather than a single critical value. The present Better Fertiliser Decisions for Crops (BFDC) National Database, and the BFDC Interrogator that interacts with the database, provide a great advance over traditional formats and experiment-specific critical values because it allows the use of filters to refine the critical range for specific agronomic conditions. However, as searches become more specific (region, soil type) the quantity of data available to estimate a critical range becomes more vulnerable to data paucity, to outliers, and to clusters of localised experiments. Hence, appropriate training of the users of this database will ensure that the strengths and limitations of the BFDC National Database and BFDC Interrogator are properly understood. Additionally, the lack of standardised metadata for sites within the database makes it generally impossible to isolate the effects on critical values of the specific management or environmental factors listed earlier, which are therefore best determined by specific studies. Finally, the database is dominated (60%) by responses of wheat to nitrogen and phosphorus, meaning that relatively few studies are available for responses by pulses (other than narrow leaf lupins) or oilseeds (other than canola), especially for potassium and sulfur. Moreover, limited data are available for current cropping systems and varieties. However, the identification of these gaps can now be used to focus future research on the crops, nutrients, soils, regions, and management practices where data are lacking. The value of metadata and the need for standardised protocols for nutrition experiments were key lessons.
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Wojakowska, Anna, Dorota Muth, Dorota Narożna, Cezary Mądrzak, Maciej Stobiecki, and Piotr Kachlicki. "Changes of phenolic secondary metabolite profiles in the reaction of narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) plants to infections with Colletotrichum lupini fungus or treatment with its toxin." Metabolomics 9, no. 3 (October 30, 2012): 575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0475-8.
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Barker, Susan J., Ping Si, Leon Hodgson, Margo Ferguson-Hunt, Yuphin Khentry, Priya Krishnamurthy, Susana Averis, et al. "Regeneration selection improves transformation efficiency in narrow-leaf lupin." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 126, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-0992-7.
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Lysenko, Olga. "New narrow - leaf lupin varieties obtained by intraspecific - hybridization." Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University 1, no. 87 (2020): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-87-79-82.
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Jakubus, Monika, and Małgorzata Graczyk. "Availability of Nickel in Soil Evaluated by Various Chemical Extractants and Plant Accumulation." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111805.
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This work presents quantitative changes of nickel in soil and plants under the influence of compost and fly ash. The research was carried out in a 3-year experiment on medium soil fertilised with compost or fly ash. The plants: narrow leaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) were planted in consecutive years. The soil from the experiment was subjected to extraction by sequential analysis with the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method, and single extractions using 1 mol·dm−3 HCl and DTPA solutions, obtaining the amount of nickel in various combinations with the soil solid phase. Total contents of the metal in soil and cultivated plants were determined. On the basis of Ni contents in the soil and cultivated plants, the bioconcentration factors and the risk assessment code were calculated. The type of amendments had a significant impact on the nickel content in lupine, for camelina and oat was the greatest in the control conditions. The differences between the amounts of Ni determined for bioconcentration factors were significant and depended on the amendments and nickel obtained by different methods. Regardless of the experimental conditions, the amount of Ni in the exchangeable bonds (Fr. I) had the greatest impact on the content of Ni in lupine and oat, whereas NiDTPA in the case of camelina.
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Farré, Imma, Michael J. Robertson, Senthold Asseng, Robert J. French, and Miles Dracup. "Simulating lupin development, growth, and yield in a Mediterranean environment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 8 (2004): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04027.
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Simulation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) production would be a useful tool for assessing agronomic and management options for the crop. This paper reports on the development and testing of a model of lupin development and growth, designed for use in the cropping systems simulator, APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator). Parameters describing leaf area expansion, phenology, radiation interception, biomass accumulation and partitioning, water use, and nitrogen accumulation were obtained from the literature or derived from field experiments. The model was developed and tested using data from experiments including different locations, cultivars, sowing dates, soil types, and water supplies. Flowering dates ranged from 71 to 109 days after sowing and were predicted by the model with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 4–5 days. Observed grain yields ranged from 0.5 to 2.7 t/ha and were simulated by the model with a RMSD of 0.5 t/ha. Simulation of a waterlogging effect on photosynthesis improved the model performance for leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and yield. The effect of variable rainfall in Western Australia and sowing date on yield was analysed using the model and historical weather data. Yield reductions were found with delay in sowing, particularly in water-limited environments. The model can be used for assessing some agronomic and management options and quantifying potential yields for specific locations, soil types, and sowing dates in Western Australia.
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Jimenez-Lopez, Jose C., Rhonda C. Foley, Ella Brear, Victoria C. Clarke, Elena Lima-Cabello, Jose F. Florido, Karam B. Singh, Juan D. Alché, and Penelope M. C. Smith. "Characterization of narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) recombinant major allergen IgE-binding proteins and the natural β-conglutin counterparts in sweet lupin seed species." Food Chemistry 244 (April 2018): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.015.
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Ratinam, M., and N. Thuriling. "Early Generation Selection for Grain Yield in Narrow-Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). I. Studies with a Simulated F2 Population." Plant Breeding 102, no. 3 (April 1989): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00342.x.
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Zhong, Hongtao, Hans Lambers, Wei San Wong, Kingsley W. Dixon, Jason C. Stevens, and Adam T. Cross. "Initiating pedogenesis of magnetite tailings using Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) as an ecological engineer to promote native plant establishment." Science of The Total Environment 788 (September 2021): 147622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147622.
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Aiello, Gilda, Yuchen Li, Giovanna Boschin, Marco Stanziale, Carmen Lammi, and Anna Arnoldi. "Analysis of Narrow-Leaf Lupin Proteins in Lupin-Enriched Pasta by Untargeted and Targeted Mass Spectrometry." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081083.
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The supplementation of different food items with grain legumes and, in particular, with lupin has been demonstrated to provide useful health benefits, especially in the area of cardiovascular disease prevention. In this work, label free quantitative untargeted and targeted approaches based on liquid chromatography−electrospray ionization−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−ESI−MS/MS) for investigating the protein profile of three pasta samples containing different percentages of narrow-leaf lupin flour were carried out. The untargeted method permitted the identification of the main acidic globulins (α-conglutin, β-conglutin, and δ-conglutin) and the comparison of their profile with raw lupin flour. The targeted method, based on High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry HPLC-Chip-Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode, allowed the quantification of γ-conglutin, the main hypoglycemic component of lupin protein: its concentration was around 2.25 mg/g in sample A, 2.16 mg/g in sample D, and 0.57 mg/g in sample F.
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AYAZ, S., B. A. McKENZIE, D. L. McNEIL, and G. D. HILL. "Light interception and utilization of four grain legumes sown at different plant populations and depths." Journal of Agricultural Science 142, no. 3 (June 2004): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859604004241.
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Canopy development, radiation absorption and its utilization for yield was studied in four grain legume species Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris, Lupinus angustifolius and Pisum sativum. The grain legumes were grown at different plant populations and sowing depths over two seasons in Canterbury, New Zealand. The green area index (GAI), intercepted radiation, radiation use efficiency (RUE) and total intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) increased significantly (P<0·001) with increased plant population. Narrow-leafed lupin produced the highest maximum biomass (878 and 972 g/m2, averaged over all populations during 1998/99 and 1999/2000, respectively) and intercepted more radiation (600 and 714 MJ/m2, averaged over all populations during 1998/99 and 1999/2000, respectively) than the other three legumes. In all four species, in both trials, the highest plant populations reached their peak GAI about 7–10 days earlier than legumes sown at low populations. Cumulative intercepted PAR was strongly associated with seed yield and crop harvest index (CHI).The RUE increased (from 1·10 to 1·46 and from 1·04 to 1·34 g/MJ during 1998/99 and 1999/2000, respectively) as plant population increased and was highest in the highest yielding species (e.g. 146 and 1·36 g/MJ for narrow-leafed lupin in both experiments). The larger leaf canopies produced at the higher plant populations reduced the extinction coefficient (k).The results suggest that in the subhumid temperate environment of Canterbury, grain legume species should be selected for the development of a large GAI. This should maximize PAR interception, DM production and, consequently, seed yield.
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Reader, MA, M. Dracup, and EJM Kirby. "Time to flowering in narrow-leafed lupin." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9951063.
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The relationship between flowering time and daylength and temperature is described for L. angustifolius using multiple linear regression. The main cultivar was Gungurru but cvv. Danja, Yorrel and the L. albus cv. Kiev Mutant were also studied. Regression analyses were performed on time to flowering observations for lupins grown with serial sowings at up to 12 sites over up to 5 years in Western Australia (there were 102 separate observations of time to flowering for Gungurru). Time to flowering in the L. angustifolius cultivars was best explained by a model incorporating terms for average temperature and daylength between sowing and flowering. Models of this form were not satisfactory for L. albus, probably because of vernalization requirements which the L. angustifolius cultivars do not have. Using data from the experiment with the widest range of sowings, 94.6% of the variation in time to flowering was explained by the above model and an additional 3.5% was explained by including an interaction term. The rate of progress through all stages of development to flowering, except for the period between appearance of the last leaf and flowering, was sensitive to temperature. The rate of leaf appearance responded to both temperature and daylength and the rate of progress through the period between appearance of the last leaf and flowering was sensitive only to daylength.
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Si, P., M. W. Sweetingham, B. J. Buirchell, D. G. Bowran, and T. Piper. "Genotypic variation in metribuzin tolerance in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 1 (2006): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04272.
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Tolerance to metribuzin herbicide is an essential agronomic trait for narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) grown in Western Australia (WA), however, metribuzin causes up to 30% yield loss in cv. Tanjil. Tanjil is widely used as a parent in the WA lupin breeding programme to provide anthracnose resistance. Hence, identification of genotypes tolerant to metribuzin and incorporation of this tolerance into the disease-resistant cultivar is necessary for maintaining lupin production. This study identified tolerance to metribuzin among lupin cultivars and advanced breeding lines under both controlled temperature and natural winter conditions. Differences in dose responses between cultivars revealed that cv. Gungurru was tolerant and cv. Tanjil susceptible to metribuzin. Gungurru seedlings survived metribuzin applications of up to 1600 g/ha, whereas Tanjil seedlings exhibited zero survival at 800 g/ha. The rate of herbicide application that caused a 50% growth reduction (GR50, excluding dead plants) for Gungurru was 2 times greater than that for Tanjil. The level of tolerance in Gungurru is adequate to protect plants against metribuzin damage in the field. Large and consistent differences in tolerance between genotypes were identified among cultivars and advanced breeding lines across controlled temperatures (20°C during the day and 12°C at night) and in natural winter conditions. One breeding line (95L208–13–13) showed marginally better tolerance than Gungurru. A number of advanced breeding lines were as susceptible to metribuzin as Tanjil, indicating that it is very important to select for metribuzin tolerance concurrently with disease resistance in the breeding programme. Of the 6 measures of tolerance used in this study, leaf score proved to be the simplest and most effective measure and could be used for the selection of individual tolerant plants in segregating populations. Tolerance was independent of early vigour, suggesting that it is possible to combine both early vigour and tolerance into a cultivar for better weed management. In conclusion, breeding for metribuzin tolerance in lupin is feasible, and the screening method tested here was simple and consistent, which would assist a breeding programme in making rapid progress towards herbicide-tolerant plants.
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Bolland, M. D. A., and R. F. Brennan. "Critical Phosphorus Concentrations for Oats, Barley, Triticale, and Narrow‐Leaf Lupin." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36, no. 9-10 (May 2005): 1177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-200056891.
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MA, Q. "Nitrogen Deficiency Slows Leaf Development and Delays Flowering in Narrow-leafed Lupin." Annals of Botany 79, no. 4 (April 1997): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0361.
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Shchukin, N. N. "ADAPTABILITI AND ECONOMIC BIOLOGICAL EVLUATION OF INTENSIVE VARIETIES OF GRAIN CROPS ON SOD _ PODZOLIC SOILS OF NON - BLACK EARTH REGION." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2018-0-3-127-137.
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The study of ecological adaptability of different economic and biological indicators of intensive varieties of grain and leguminous crops for use in feed grain-grass crop rotation is aimed at increasing the production of high-quality concentrated feed. Objects of research: intensive varieties of spring wheat, barley, lupine (yellow, narrow - leaved and white), peas (sowing and field-PELs) and soybeans. In 3 experiments 13 varieties of spring wheat, 7 varieties of spring barley and 16 varieties of 6 types of legumes were studied. It was found that the adaptability of spring wheat, barley and peas against the background of intensive technology on a set of indicators above other cultures. The main stressor wheat varieties in the experiments, the deficiency of moisture and heat in the initial period of the growing season, spring barley - diseases (rust, leaf spot) pea pests (pea moth), Lupin, weeds and diseases, soy - sensitivity, lack of heat, weeds and disease.. On intensive soil fertility varieties of spring wheat «Lyubava», «Kamenka», «Madam», «Zlata» and «Rook» shaped grain crop at 7.3-8.0 t/ha, spring barley «Reliable» - 7.0 t/ha and peas «Before-100”-3,4 t/ha. the results of the comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional value of grain of different crops varieties have confirmed a special feeding value of soybean (14.5 and 15.3 MJ of energy; of 37.8-42.8 % of crude protein; The 17.8 was 23.0 crude fat in 1 kg DM), high contents of certain nutrients in the grain, other kinds: crude protein in yellow lupine (41,0 %) and white (of 37.3 and 39.9 %, respectively), starch - in cereals and peas (38,5 vs. 50.6 %), crude fiber - blue lupine (14,5-22,1 %), especially in determinantal varieties (of 20.9-22.1 per cent). Leguminous cultures were allocated by the greatest maintenance in grain of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and grain cultures - carrying out them with a crop. The grain of all kinds of lupine calcium content of the highest (3.8-5.5 g/kg), the lowest - in peas and wheat (0.8-1.1 g/kg BW).
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Thurling, M., and M. Ratinam. "Early Generation Selection for Grain Yield in Narrow-Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). II. Variation in Early Segregating Generations of a Selected Cross." Plant Breeding 102, no. 4 (May 1989): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb01257.x.
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Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Lupin takes up less potassium but uses the potassium more effectively toproduce shoots than canola and wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (2004): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02232.
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We compared the potassium (K) response of canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Karoo), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Camm), narrow-leaf lupin (8 cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius L.), and yellow lupin (2 cultivars of L. luteus L.) in a glasshouse experiment. The following measures were used: yield without added K; K required for 75% of the maximum yield; K required to achieve a K concentration in shoots of 20 g/kg; K required to achieve a K content of 50 mg K/pot in dried shoots (K concentration multiplied by yield); and, for the L. angustifolius cultivars, the K efficiency ratio (yield for the nil-K treatment divided by yield for the largest amount of K applied).Both L. angustifolius and L. luteus used soil K and applied K more effectively than canola and wheat to produce shoots (measured from dried shoots of 42-day old seedlings). For all amounts of K applied, including the nil treatment, the K concentrations were higher in canola and wheat shoots than in shoots of the 2 lupin species. Consequently, the 2 lupin species were less effective than canola and wheat at taking up soil and applied K, but were more effective at using the K taken up to produce shoots. The most recent cultivar of L. angustifolius, cv. Kalya, was less effective than the older Merrit cultivar at using soil and applied K to produce shoots, therefore future cultivars need to be screened for their ability to use soil and applied K. The K efficiency ratio for L. angustifolius indicated cultivars Kalya and 2141 were inefficient and the following cultivars had similar medium efficiency values: Myallie, Tanjil, Tallerack, Quilinock, Belara and Merrit. As measured in 42 day old seedlings, the diagnostic critical concentration of K in shoots required for 90% maximum yield of dried shoots was about (g K/kg) 40 for wheat, 37�for canola, 16 for L. angustifolius and 14 for L. luteus.
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Koivunen, E., K. Partanen, S. Perttilä, S. Palander, P. Tuunainen, and J. Valaja. "Digestibility and energy value of pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and blue lupin (narrow-leaf) (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds in broilers." Animal Feed Science and Technology 218 (August 2016): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.007.
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