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1
Libby, Robert, Hun-Tong Tan, and James E. Hunton. "Does the Form of Management's Earnings Guidance Affect Analysts' Earnings Forecasts? (Retracted)." Accounting Review 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.1.207.
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This study examines how the form of management's earnings guidance (point, narrow range, wide range) affects analysts' earnings forecasts. Results from two experiments demonstrate that: (1) guidance form has no effect on analysts' forecasts made immediately after the guidance; and (2) after the actual earnings announcement, guidance form and the relationship of the earnings guidance to actual earnings (guidance error) interact in their effect on analysts' forecasts. After the actual earnings announcement, guidance error leads to higher (lower) analysts' forecasts for firms with downwardly (upwardly) biased guidance; this effect of guidance error is magnified by a narrow range and reduced by a wide range, compared to a point estimate. These results suggest that treating the mean of the range endpoints as equivalent to a point estimate and failing to consider effects after the release of actual earnings may paint an incomplete picture of how management guidance affects analysts and investors. It also offers useful information to managers who issue earnings guidance, and presents a challenge to the psychology literature regarding the effects of information precision on judgment and decision making.
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Francis, Valerie, and Adele Prosser. "Does Vocational Guidance Become Gendered When Discussing Construction?" Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building - Conference Series 1, no. 1 (February 5, 2013): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb-cs.v1i1.3157.
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The Australian construction industry is highly reliant on the local labour force and those employed within it undertake a wide variety of roles ranging from labouring to management. In the past 20 years construction has seen record levels of employment; however lack of skilled labour is becoming problematic. Australia, like most industrialised countries, has an ageing population due to falling birth rates, increased life expectancy and the ageing of the large post-World War II ‘baby boom’ generation. Deciding on a career is one of the most fundamental activities in a young person’s life and the role of the school career counsellor is crucial in this process. This research examined secondary school career counsellor’s knowledge of construction, their perceptions of it as a good career choice and how often they directed male and female students to investigate construction as a career. Comparisons using paired t-tests found career counsellors perceived construction to be a better career option for young men, and directed them more frequently than women, to explore construction careers. The findings also indicate that an educative model, where students and counsellors gain firsthand knowledge from people working in the industry, may counter negative gender stereotypes associated with this area of work and encourage more young people, both male and female, to consider a career in the construction industry.
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Dany, Françoise. "Time to change: the added value of an integrative approach to career research." Career Development International 19, no. 6 (October 7, 2014): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-06-2014-0075.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to call for an integrative approach to career research aiming to avoid both fragmentation and closure of the field through the discussion of a wide range of perspectives on career or career situations. The paper discusses the specificity of this integrative approach vs others, like the traditional approach or the multi or transdisciplinary approaches. Design/methodology/approach – The work is based on a review of the career literature, and an analytic comparison of existing research approaches across this body of literature. Findings – The paper shows the tendency of career theory to stick to narrow views of a career. The paper highlights the importance of taking into account the wide variety of career situations, which results from the fact that careers are necessarily located in time and space. The paper provides examples that invite to better explore career differences and seek for alternative explanations to career experiences. Because career dynamics are marked both by individual agency and different levels of structures, a more integrative kind of career research should thus trigger richer conversations among researchers regarding the complexity of the inhabited world. Originality/value – The specific added value of the integrative approach suggested in this paper is to open new routes for a career theory that could become stronger and enhance its power to illuminate a wide range of issues.
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Rokjane, Baiba, and Vija Dislere. "OUTPLACEMENT MODEL FOR EMPLOYEES CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 20, 2020): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.4843.
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This article addresses the problem of providing career guidance to professionals who are expected to be made redundant. The aim of this thesis is to develop and to do expert-evaluation of the Outplacement Model for Employees Career Promotion (hereinafter referred to as “Model”). The study was developed in the Latvia University of Agriculture, the Institute of Education and Home Economics within the Master study programme Career Counsellor. An expert evaluation of the Model was carried out with the participation of 5 experts in the field of career counselling and personnel management. In general, expert assessments of the overall Model rating (7-9 points) are close to the maximum possible rating (10 points). The provision of Outplacement services in Latvia has a wide range of benefits to the employee, employer and society as a whole. The developed Model will help employees to become more aware of their abilities and return to the labour market soon, after leaving their previous job. The Model can be used by career guidance providers for organizations and employers, career counsellors, and companies providing outplacement services.
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Draaisma, Aniek, Frans Meijers, and Marinka Kuijpers. "Process description of a dialogue-focused intervention to improve career guidance policy in three schools." Australian Journal of Career Development 27, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1038416217744217.
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To boost the existence of career-learning environments in Dutch vocational education, the innovation project ‘Career Orientation and Guidance (COG) in Secondary Vocational Education’ started in 2012. In this article, we describe the effects of this project on the level of policy formulation and implementation by means of three case studies. Data were collected at three schools through interviews, observations of meetings and teacher training, and analysis of policy documents. We conclude that a dialogue between managers and teachers, as well as among teachers is essential for changes in the learning environment of the students, since formulating a school-wide strategic policy requires communication between the different levels of the organisation, and clear tactical policy or operational plans require teacher teams and their team leaders to engage in substantive dialogues about the Career Orientation and Guidance innovation process. Instructional as well as transformational leadership stimulates a dialogical work environment for teachers and their managers, which is necessary for a dialogical career-learning environment for students.
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Dvorakova, Zuzana. "Labor Economics and Career Development in the Context of Globalized World." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207019.
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Research background: The paper uses labor economics and career theory to design an integrative approach to career research focusing on new occupations and career development. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to call for an integrative approach to career research aiming to characterize labor market trends and discuss perspectives on careers using highly skilled migrants from Central and Eastern Europe as a case. The paper discusses the specificity of career development in the context of the Industry 4.0. and an integrative approach vs. other approaches. Methods: The methodology insists on several ways that enable a triangular analysis. The research combines in-depth-analysis of bibliographic data in the Web of Science database, unstructured interviews with top managers/co-owners of multinational companies in August and September 2020 as a base for writing two narrative cases. Findings & Value added: Findings show the tendency of career theory to provide a narrow view of a career. They highlight the trends in considering the wide variety of career situations, which results from the fact that careers locate in time and space. The paper provides examples to explore career differences better and seek for alternative explanations to career experiences. Because career dynamics are influenced by individual characteristics and career development practices, a more integrative approach to career research must address the complexity of labor markets. The added value is to encourage discussions about career theory focusing on a wide range of issues.
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McCloy, Rodney A., Patrick J. Rottinghaus, Chan Jeong Park, Rich Feller, and Todd Bloom. "YouScience: mitigating the skills gap by addressing the gender imbalance in high-demand careers." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 13, no. 3 (September 2020): 426–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2020.73.
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AbstractThe U.S. labor market continues to grapple with a “skills gap” (Marshall & Craig, 2019): a disconnect between the skills employers need and the number of job-seekers with those skills. Compounded by historically low unemployment rates, this gap is leaving employers with unfilled jobs and narrow talent pipelines. Concurrently, there are lingering concerns regarding underrepresentation of women and minorities in certain sectors of the labor market—particularly occupations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This article examines how the traditional interest-only career guidance tools used in education significantly influence the gender-based skills gaps that persist in high-demand careers and introduces YouScience, a company that is helping ameliorate the skills gap by combining measures of aptitudes and interests in a new career discovery platform. We close by presenting action steps for students, parents, educators, and counselors, as well as positing possible effects of COVID-19 on career exploration and counseling.
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Rajnicek, A., S. Britland, and C. McCaig. "Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of groove dimensions, neuronal age and cell type." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 23 (December 1, 1997): 2905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.23.2905.
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We used an in vitro system that eliminates competing guidance cues found in embryos to determine whether substratum topography alone provides important neurite guidance information. Dissociated embryonic Xenopus spinal cord neurons and rat hippocampal neurons were grown on quartz etched with a series of parallel grooves. Xenopus neurites grew parallel to grooves as shallow as 14 nm and as narrow as 1 microm. Hippocampal neurites grew parallel to deep, wide grooves but perpendicular to shallow, narrow ones. Grooved substrata determined the sites at which neurites emerged from somas: Xenopus neurites sprouted from regions parallel to grooves but presumptive axons on rat hippocampal neurons emerged perpendicular to grooves and presumptive dendrites emerged parallel to them. Neurites grew faster in the favored direction of orientation and turned through large angles to align on grooves. The frequency of perpendicular alignment of hippocampal neurites depended on the age of the embryos from which neurons were isolated, suggesting that contact guidance is regulated in development. Collectively, the data indicate that substratum topography is a potent morphogenetic factor for developing CNS neurons and suggest that in addition to a role in pathfinding the geometry of the embryo assists in establishing neuronal polarity. In the companion paper (A. M. Rajnicek and C. D. McCaig (1997) J. Cell Sci. 110, 2915–2924) we explore the cellular mechanism for contact guidance of growth cones.
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Tran, Henry, and Douglas A. Smith. "Designing an Employee Experience Approach to Teacher Retention in Hard-to-Staff Schools." NASSP Bulletin 104, no. 2 (June 2020): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192636520927092.
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Many school employers struggle with teacher turnover challenges despite their use of wide-ranging teacher retention initiatives. Emphasizing a new Talent Centered Education Leadership approach, this article relies on a theory-building methodology that leverages the theories of career choice and Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene, empirical literature that examines the differentiated needs of teachers throughout the stages of their career, and modern strategic human resource management practices, to argue that school leaders should intentionally design a supportive employee experience for teacher support. Guidance is provided for the addressing of staffing issues in hard-to-staff secondary schools, accounting for the total employee experience journey from entry to retirement.
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Lounsbury, John W., Eric D. Sundstrom, Lucy W. Gibson, James M. Loveland, and Adam W. Drost. "Core personality traits of managers." Journal of Managerial Psychology 31, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-03-2014-0092.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically compare managers with employees in other occupations on Big Five and narrow personality traits to identify a distinctive personality profile for managers. Design/methodology/approach – An archival data set representing employees in a wide range of business sectors and organizations was utilized to compare trait scores of 9,138 managers with 76,577 non-managerial employees. Profile analysis (PA) with MANOVA and analysis of covariance was used to compare managers and non-managers on Big Five traits Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability; and narrow traits Assertiveness, Optimism, Work Drive, and Customer Service Orientation. Findings – As hypothesized, compared to non-managers, managers had significantly higher scores across nine traits, all of which correlated significantly with managerial career satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – Although job tenure and managerial level are not examined, the findings align with managerial competence models, the Attraction-Selection-Attrition model, and vocational theory and raise questions for research on the adaptive value of these traits for managers’ satisfaction and effectiveness. Practical implications – The results carry practical implications for selection, placement, training, career planning for managers, and particularly for their professional development. Social implications – A distinctive personality profile for managers clarifies the occupational identity of managers, which contributes to public and professional understanding of managers and their roles. Originality/value – This study is original in reporting an empirical, theoretically grounded personality profile of managers that includes both Big Five and narrow traits.
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Toliver, Richard. "Ice Is Ice?" Journal of the IEST 31, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.31.3.y1421304rgg67121.
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MIL-STD-810D, Method 521.0, "Icing/Freezing Rain," contains guidance for testing equipment exposed to freezing rain. This method was developed around a narrow set of meteorological conditions resulting in the buildup of clear glaze ice. The icing procedures described in Method 521.0 can be applied to a wide range of equipment and will help to predict equipment operations during natural freezing rain. However, the procedures do not give any indication of the operation of equipment during exposure to rime ice. The physical properties of rime and glaze ice differ significantly, as do their effects on equipment. Until MIL-STD-810D is modified to include rime icing, program managers and environmental test engineers will find no guidance or procedures in MIL-STD-810D for half of the icing (rime vs. glaze) that equipment can be exposed to in nature.
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Mitani, Hajime. "Test Score Gaps in Higher Order Thinking Skills: Exploring Instructional Practices to Improve the Skills and Narrow the Gaps." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211016470.
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Today’s economy demands higher order thinking skills (HOTS), and the public education system has a critical role in supporting students’ acquisition of HOTS. Yet, numerous studies documented inequity in access to higher quality instruction that promotes HOTS, which could result in wide test score gaps in HOTS. In this study, I examined test score gaps in HOTS and explored instructional practices associated with HOTS, particularly among low-performing students, using large-scale international assessment data from the 2015 Trends in Mathematics and Science Study. I found wide test score gaps in HOTS in mathematics between the lowest and highest socioeconomic status students and between White students and students of color. Instructional practices such as the same ability group work, asking students to work on problems with teacher guidance, and working on problems with no immediately obvious method of solution were found positively associated with the test scores.
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Wiegerová, Adriana. "Career Plans of Novice University Teachers: The Research Perspective." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2017-0001.
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Abstract Introduction: The career trajectories of young university teachers have been a relatively frequent research target in North American and Western European countries but an entirely neglected topic of the Czech and Slovak educational research. This paper’s ambition is to narrow the gap. The research goal is to describe one aspect of career advancement of young university teachers - their professional plans after their entry to an academic position at a university after completion of their doctoral studies.Methods: This qualitative investigation was concentrated on a sample of ten young university teachers currently employed in Czech universities. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews, sound recordings were converted to written transcripts, and then open- and category coded.Results: The findings show how the young teachers adapted to the workplace environment, how they struggled with the double roles in academia, i.e., an instructor and a researcher, and which personal decisions they made for the next years in employment. I was revealed how the desire to attain assistant professorship overwhelmed their professional, occupational and personal decisions.Limitations: As concerns the limitation of the findings, the qualitative investigation went deeply into the thinking and decision making of the study participants but was unable to draft wide generalisations.
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Dolby, Nadine, and Annette Litster. "Animal Welfare and Animal Rights." Society & Animals 27, no. 5-6 (October 15, 2019): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341493.
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AbstractVeterinarians routinely position themselves as the professionals who are most knowledgeable about non-human animals, and the public turns to them for guidance in matters of animal health and welfare. However, as research indicates, there is a considerable gap between what the public thinks veterinarians know and the actual veterinary curriculum. This study investigates the perspectives of veterinary students towards issues of animal welfare and animal rights, based on the results of a 2012 survey. Results indicate that veterinary students have limited and narrow understandings of both concepts, and that their knowledge is shaped by their professional socialization in veterinary education. Despite the enormous ethical complexity and diversity of philosophical perspectives that are inherent to both animal welfare and animal rights positions, veterinary students typically are not adequately prepared for a career that is located at the very center of these debates.
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Sergushicheva, A. P., and E. N. Davydova. "Building a Computer Vocational Guidance System for Graduates of Secondary Educational Institutions Based on a Genetic Algorithm." Open Education 24, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2020-3-33-43.
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The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study on the development of a genetic algorithm to solve the problems of career guidance for graduates of secondary educational institutions and to verify the possibility of its implementation in a computer system. The issue of career guidance for graduates is still relevant, problematic and not fully resolved. According to the authors, the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in career guidance systems is a promising area that should be paid attention to. Genetic algorithms are widely used to solve search and optimization problems in various subject areas. The authors propose to automate the process of identifying the tendency of secondary school graduates to a particular type of activity by building a vocational guidance system based on a genetic algorithm.Materials and methods. To identify an individual’s predisposition to a specific type of activity, it is necessary to have a list of requirements and contraindications to the profession. Among the ways of describing the norms and requirements for the applicant-specialist are professiograms, lists of necessary competencies and others. To determine the characteristics of the individual that affect the choice of profession, it is possible to use special tests, activating questionnaires, grades in school subjects. The authors carry out the comparison of personality characteristics and requirements through a genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithms belong to the group of evolutionary methods and are based on the evolutionary theory. Among their advantages are conceptual simplicity and wide applicability, resistance to dynamic environmental changes and the ability to self-organize.Results. The genetic algorithm has been developed, in which as a source of information for creating a new population individual certificate evaluations are accepted. Based on these estimates, an initial population of professions is formed. As a result of crossing a pair of individuals from the parent population, a descendant is obtained whose chromosome consists of the genes of both parents. The selection of surviving specimens is based on the percentage of success in the development of each of the professions in the list and the fitness function. The developed algorithm was implemented in a software system. As experiments showed, the genetic algorithm successfully copes with the task of finding the optimal list of professions according to a given criterion.Conclusion. The results of the study show that the use of genetic algorithms provides convenient mechanisms for introducing artificial intelligence methods into the field of career guidance, which improves the quality of recommendations for choosing a profession.
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Lachish, Shelly, Michael J. Goldacre, and Trevor William Lambert. "Views of UK doctors in training on the timing of choosing a clinical specialty: quantitative and qualitative analysis of surveys 3 years after graduation." Postgraduate Medical Journal 94, no. 1117 (November 2018): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135460.
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BackgroundWorkforce studies show a declining proportion of UK junior doctors proceeding directly to specialist training, with many taking career breaks. Doctors may be choosing to delay this important career decision.AimTo assess doctors’ views on the timing of choosing a clinical specialty.MethodsSurveys of two cohorts of UK-trained doctors 3 years after qualification, in 2011 and 2015.ResultsPresented with the statement ‘I had to choose my career specialty too soon after qualification’, 61% agreed (27% strongly) and 22% disagreed (3% strongly disagreed). Doctors least certain about their choice of specialty were most likely to agree (81%), compared with those who were more confident (72%) or were definite regarding their choice of long-term specialty (54%). Doctors not in higher specialist training were more likely to agree with this statement than those who were (72% vs 59%). Graduate medical school entrants (ie, those who had completed prior degrees) were less likely to agree than non-graduates (56% vs 62%). Qualitative analysis of free text comments identified three themes as reasons why doctors felt rushed into choosing their future career: insufficient exposure to a wide range of specialties; a desire for a greater breadth of experience of medicine in general; and inadequate career advice.ConclusionsMost UK-trained doctors feel rushed into choosing their long-term career specialty. Doctors find this difficult because they lack sufficient medical experience and adequate career advice to make sound choices. Workforce trainers and planners should enable greater flexibility in training pathways and should further improve existing career guidance.
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Gerhards, Roland, Benjamin Kollenda, Jannis Machleb, Kurt Möller, Andreas Butz, David Reiser, and Hans-Werner Griegentrog. "Camera-guided Weed Hoeing in Winter Cereals with Narrow Row Distance." Gesunde Pflanzen 72, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00523-5.
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Abstract Farmers are facing severe problems with weed competition in cereal crops. Grass-weeds and perennial weed species became more abundant in Europe mainly due to high percentages of cereal crops in cropping systems and reduced tillage practices combined with continuous applications of herbicides with the same mode of action. Several weed populations have evolved resistance to herbicides. Precision weed hoeing may help to overcome these problems. So far, weed hoeing in cereals was restricted to cropping practices with row distances of more than 200 mm. Hoeing in cereals with conventional row distances of 125–170 mm requires the development of automatic steering systems. The objective of this project was to develop a new automatic guidance system for inter-row hoeing using camera-based row detection and automatic side-shift control. Six field studies were conducted in winter wheat to investigate accuracy, weed control efficacy and crop yields of this new hoeing technology. A three-meter prototype and a 6-meter segmented hoe were built and tested at three different speeds in 150 mm seeded winter wheat. The maximum lateral offset from the row center was 22.53 mm for the 3 m wide hoe and 18.42 mm for the 6 m wide hoe. Camera-guided hoeing resulted in 72–96% inter-row and 21–91% intra-row weed control efficacy (WCE). Weed control was 7–15% higher at 8 km h−1 compared to 4 km h−1. WCE could be increased by 14–22% when hoeing was combined with weed harrowing. Grain yields after camera-guided hoeing at 8 km h−1 were 15–76% higher than the untreated control plots and amounted the same level as the weed-free herbicide plots. The study characterizes camera-guided hoeing in cereals as a robust and effective method of weed control.
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Elsworth, Gerald, and Adrian Harvey-Beavis. "Interests, Reasons and Subject Choice." Australian Journal of Career Development 4, no. 2 (July 1995): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629500400210.
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Evidence from recent Australian research indicates that vocational and educational preferences and choices are related thematically in a manner that is well described by Holland's RIASEC themes. A recent Australia-wide survey of the curriculum choices of senior secondary students showed a pattern of relationships with measured interests that was consistent both with Holland's typology and the hexagonal arrangement of interests. The reasons that students gave for their subject choices were also classified and described. It is concluded that a school guidance program could valuably integrate attention to the choice of school subjects, the development of career plans and the critical discussion of anticipated reasons for subject and course choice.
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Direito, Artur, Joseph J. Murphy, Matthew Mclaughlin, Jacqueline Mair, Kelly Mackenzie, Masamitsu Kamada, Rachel Sutherland, Shannon Montgomery, Trevor Shilton, and _. _. "Early Career Professionals’ (Researchers, Practitioners, and Policymakers) Role in Advocating, Disseminating, and Implementing the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity: ISPAH Early Career Network View." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0450.
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Increasing population levels of physical activity (PA) can assist in achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals, benefiting multiple sectors and contributing to global prosperity. Practices and policies to increase PA levels exist at the subnational, national, and international levels. In 2018, the World Health Organization launched the first Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (GAPPA). The GAPPA provides guidance through a framework of effective and feasible policy actions for increasing PA, and requires engagement and advocacy from a wide spectrum of stakeholders for successful implementation of the proposed actions. Early career professionals, including researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, can play a major role with helping “all people being regularly active” by contributing to 4 overarching areas: (1) generation—of evidence, (2) dissemination—of key messages and evidence, (3) implementation—of the evidence-based actions proposed in the GAPPA, and (4) contributing to advocacy for robust national action plans on PA. The contribution of early career professionals can be achieved through 5 pathways: (1) research, (2) workplace/practice, (3) business, (4) policy, and (5) professional and public opinion. Recommendations of how early career professionals can contribute to the generation, dissemination, and implementation of the evidence and actions proposed by the GAPPA are provided.
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Bynum, Yvette P., and Clara Young. "Female Superintendents and the Effects of Mentoring Relationships." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss10.452.
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Women make up the majority of personnel in today’s school systems yet few are employed in the highest position-superintendent. In one southern state, the State Department of Education (2009) reported 22 % of superintendents were women. Nationwide, the percentage is 24.1% (Kowalski, McCord, Petersen, Young, & Ellerson, 2011). However, in comparison to the number of women who begin their careers in education, there is still a wide inequity between the percentages of those in the ranks and those in positions of superintendent (Katz, 2012). One of the reasons for the lack of women in upper level administration is the lack of mentoring, both formal and informal. Therefore, mentoring becomes an essential element in providing the guidance and support for women who aspire to be in a leadership position.This study examined the effects of career and psychosocial mentoring functions on the careers of women superintendents currently serving in a southern state by exploring both informal and formal mentoring relationships and the way these relationships serve as effective tools on the position attained and career development. The results of this study showed that the career mentoring functions and psychosocial mentoring functions had a statistically significant impact on the careers of female superintendents. Findings from this research indicate that mentoring relationships have the potential for female administrators to make successful career advancement.
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Zaguzina, N. N., B. P. Nevzorov, and A. V. Bokov. "RESOURCES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT AND CAREER COUNSELING BASED ON ICT AND DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-2-81-88.
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The paper dwells upon the use of information and computer technologies in the maintenance and support of career guidance and professional self-determination for students with health disabilities; it determines the forms and methods of their application and peculiar features of the interaction of those involved in the psycho-pedagogical process.The basis for physiological support of children with health disabilities is formed by the following principles, which take into consideration the psycho-pedagogical features of distance learning: (A) priority of the student’s independent work; (B) individual approach to learning; (C) motivating as basic learning environment; (D) connection between the learning process and the student’s life circumstances (“life knowledge”); (E) intensification of the training process (everyone has their own pace and rhythm); (F) polymodality, i. e. simultaneous mobilization of different ways of perception (auditory, visual, tactile); (G) flexibility and innovativeness; (H) emergency psychological help in acute situations of mental and emotional distress, and other structural and substantive changes of learning activities. The same principles are incorporated in the psycho-pedagogical support career guidance.The paper shows that professional orientation of children with health disabilities should be implemented comprehensively, using a variety of information resources of the Internet: websites, educational portals, employment resources and test resources.A wide and varied range of possibilities offered by ICT and distance learning technologies can be of significant assistance not only to specialists in the field of education, but also in such processes as vocational guidance and professional self-determination of children, formation of personal stability for students with learning disability, including permanent one.
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Beck, Claudia, Ismail Albayrak, Julian Meister, Armin Peter, Oliver M. Selz, Claudia Leuch, David F. Vetsch, and Robert M. Boes. "Swimming Behavior of Downstream Moving Fish at Innovative Curved-Bar Rack Bypass Systems for Fish Protection at Water Intakes." Water 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113244.
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New types of fish guidance structures with vertical curved bars and a subsequent bypass system represent a promising technical solution for the protection and guidance of downstream moving fish at run-of-river hydropower plants and water intakes. These so-called “curved-bar rack bypass systems” (CBR-BSs) function as a mechanical behavioral barrier and are characterized by low hydraulic losses, a symmetrical downstream flow field and an overall high fish guidance efficiency in the laboratory for a wide array of European freshwater fish species. This paper presents the results of the hydraulic and live-fish laboratory tests of an optimized CBR-BS configuration with a bar spacing of 50 mm and 30° rack angle to the flow direction. The tests were conducted with six different fish species in an ethohydraulic laboratory flume at different approach flows (0.5 m/s, 0.7 m/s) and different bypass entrance velocities (0.6–1.0 m/s). A numerical model was used to simulate the flow fields in the CBR-BS in order to link the fish behavior to the hydrodynamic cues created by the CBR-BS. Lower approach flow velocities decreased the hydraulic cues of the CBR, which led to more rack passages. A 20% velocity increase towards the bypass entrance significantly increased the fish guidance efficiency compared to a 40% velocity increase. The tested CBR-BS resulted in overall higher interspecies fish protection and guidance efficiencies compared to the more commonly applied horizontal-bar rack with a narrow bar spacing of 20 mm. Recommendations for a sustainable and cost-effective application of CBR-BSs are given.
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Robinson, John, and Alan H. Welsh. "Peter Gavin Hall 1951–2016." Historical Records of Australian Science 28, no. 2 (2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr17009.
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Peter Hall, in the forty years of his research career, produced work in both probability and statistics, whose breadth and depth must be regarded as phenomenal. He displayed extraordinary technical skills together with remarkable intuition in developing and applying multifaceted mathematical approaches in the whole of his work. The impact of this wide-ranging use of powerful mathematical methods has had a profound effect on much of modern mathematical statistics. After completing his DPhil at Oxford, he remained in Australia for almost all his career although he was renowned as one of the major international figures in probability and statistics. Peter was a mentor to a large group of post-graduate students and post-doctoral colleagues giving encouragement and guidance and he attracted many research visitors contributing greatly to the whole of Australian statistical research. Remarkably, given his immense research output, he took a significant role in both editorial duties in major international journals and in advocacy for mathematics and statistics in Australia. Peter was a man of great charm whose modest demeanour belied his staggering abilities. His loss to mathematics and statistics is great, but is matched by the personal loss to us and to his many friends.
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Robinson, John, and Alan H. Welsh. "Corrigendum to: Peter Gavin Hall 1951–2016." Historical Records of Australian Science 28, no. 2 (2017): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr17009_co.
Full textAbstract:
Peter Hall, in the forty years of his research career, produced work in both probability and statistics, whose breadth and depth must be regarded as phenomenal. He displayed extraordinary technical skills together with remarkable intuition in developing and applying multifaceted mathematical approaches in the whole of his work. The impact of this wide-ranging use of powerful mathematical methods has had a profound effect on much of modern mathematical statistics. After completing his DPhil at Oxford, he remained in Australia for almost all his career although he was renowned as one of the major international figures in probability and statistics. Peter was a mentor to a large group of post-graduate students and post-doctoral colleagues giving encouragement and guidance and he attracted many research visitors contributing greatly to the whole of Australian statistical research. Remarkably, given his immense research output, he took a significant role in both editorial duties in major international journals and in advocacy for mathematics and statistics in Australia. Peter was a man of great charm whose modest demeanour belied his staggering abilities. His loss to mathematics and statistics is great, but is matched by the personal loss to us and to his many friends.
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Mina, Tamzidul, Yogang Singh, and Byung-Cheol Min. "Maneuvering Ability-Based Weighted Potential Field Framework for Multi-USV Navigation, Guidance, and Control." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.4.6.
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AbstractNumerous types of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are currently available for different applications with a wide spectrum of maneuvering capabilities. We present a generalized multi-USV navigation, guidance, and control framework adaptable to specific USV maneuvering response capabilities for dynamic obstacle avoidance. The proposed method integrates offline optimal path planning with a safety distance constrained A* algorithm, and an online extended adaptively weighted (EAW) artificial potential field-based path following approach with dynamic collision avoidance, based on USV maneuvering response times. The framework adaptively weighs inter-USV interaction, waypoint following, and collision avoidance based on USV maneuvering capabilities. The EAW system allows USVs with fast maneuvering abilities to react late and slow USVs to react sooner to oncoming moving obstacles gradually, with a carefully designed series of repulsive potential with diminishing weighting along the predicted path of detected moving obstacles, such that a smooth path is followed by the USV group with reduced cross-track error and reduced maneuvering effort. We emphasize the importance of such requirements in constrained and busy maritime environments such as narrow channels in busy harbors. Simulation results validate the proposed EAW artificial potential field framework for different sized multi-USV teams showing reduced cross-track error and maneuvering effort compared to the unweighted or traditional approach, for both slow- and fast-maneuvering multi-USV teams.
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Bae, Soung. "Redesigning systems of school accountability: A multiple measures approach to accountability and support." education policy analysis archives 26 (January 29, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.2920.
Full textAbstract:
The challenges facing our children in the 21st century are rapidly changing. As a result, schools bear a greater responsibility to prepare students for college, career, and life and must be held accountable for more than just testing and reporting on a narrow set of outcomes aimed at minimum levels of competency. Thus, scholars, educators, and reform advocates are calling for a more meaningful next phase of school accountability, one that promotes continuous support and improvement rather than mere compliance and efforts to avoid punishment (Center for American Progress & CCSSO, 2014; Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, & Pittenger, 2014). This paper reviews state and district level accountability systems that incorporate a multiple measures approach to accountability and highlights the following features that represent redesigned systems of accountability: 1) broader set of outcome measures, 2) mix of state and local indicators, 3) measures of opportunities to learn, 4) data dashboards, and 5) School Quality Reviews. The paper concludes with guidance for policymakers and practitioners on ways to support the development and implementation of a multiple measures system of accountability so that school accountability becomes synonymous with responsibility for deeper learning and support for continuous improvement.
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Robinson, John, and Alan H. Welsh. "Peter Gavin Hall. 20 November 1951—9 January 2016." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 64 (January 31, 2018): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0035.
Full textAbstract:
In the 40 years of his research career, Peter Hall produced work in both probability and statistics, the breadth and depth of which must be regarded as phenomenal. He displayed extraordinary technical skills together with remarkable intuition in developing and applying multifaceted mathematical approaches in the whole of his work. The impact of this wide-ranging use of powerful mathematical methods has had a profound effect on much of modern mathematical statistics. After completing his DPhil at Oxford, he remained in Australia for almost all of his career although he was renowned as one of the major international figures in probability and statistics. Peter was a mentor to a large group of postgraduate students and post-doctoral colleagues, giving encouragement and guidance, and he attracted many research visitors, contributing greatly to the whole of Australian statistical research. Remarkably, given his immense research output, he took a significant role both in editorial duties in major international journals and in advocacy for mathematics and statistics in Australia. Peter was a man of great charm whose modest demeanour belied his staggering abilities. His loss to mathematics and statistics is great, but is matched by the personal loss to us and to his many friends.
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Vijayaraghavan, Gopal R., Sheehan David, Myriam Bermudez-Allende, and Hussain Sarwat. "Imaging-guided Parenchymal Liver Biopsy: How We Do It." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 1 (June 15, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.82082.
Full textAbstract:
Liver biopsies are performed for both focal and nonfocal lesions (parenchymal). In our center, majority of liver biopsies are performed for parenchymal liver disease. Parenchymal liver biopsy plays a key role in the diagnosis of various diffuse liver dysfunctions. Results of the biopsy help grade the disease, facilitating prognostication, which helps in planning specific treatment strategies. Imaging guidance is gaining wide acceptance as the standard procedure. Ultrasound (US) guidance is currently considered the most cost-effective and safe way to perform parenchymal liver biopsies. Radiologists worldwide and particularly in the United States are increasingly performing this procedure. Radiologists performing biopsies generally use the cutting needle. Different needle sizes, techniques and preference for biopsy of the right or left lobe have been described. We attribute these preferences to prior training and individual radiologist's comfort level. We describe the algorithm followed at our institution for performing percutaneous US-guided parenchymal liver biopsy. While clinical societies have recommended a minimum of 40 liver biopsies as a requirement for proficiency of clinicians, specific to radiology trainees/fellows interested in pursuing a career in intervention, we feel a total of 20 liver biopsies (includes assisted and independently performed biopsies under supervision) should be adequate training.
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Soboleva, Elena V., Nadezhda V. Shalaginova, Mariia V. Petukhova, and Nadezhda V. Gavrilovskaya. "The possibilities of universal digital technologies for support the professional self-determination of students." Perspectives of Science and Education 48, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2020.6.32.
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The problem and the aim of the study. The problem that the study is aimed at is due to the need to change forms and methods of professional self-determination support for students in the digital society in order to prepare them for obtaining the specialization that is in demand and for the formation of the ability “to be able to learn" throughout the life. The authors purpose for the efficiency of career guidance in a digital school an approach that does not imply the development of a qualitatively new information resource, but that maximizes the spectrum of didactic capabilities of universal information technologies (spreadsheets, databases, etc.). Research methods. The analysis of fundamental scientific works on the problem of personal professionalization and the usage of information technology in planning the trajectory of career development were used to obtain theoretical generalizations. Spreadsheet processing technology is used as a universal digital technology. The study involved 109 students of the Institute of land reclamation, water management and construction named after A. N. Kostyakov and 25 undergraduates in the direction of 44.04.01 Pedagogical education (master's level) of Vyatka state University. To process the results of the pedagogical experiment, we used the analysis of arbitrary contingency tables using the Pearson χ2 (chi-square) criterion. Results. The essence of the concept of "universal digital technology" as a technology implemented with the help of modern technical means and intended for a wide range of users has been clarified. The stages of work in a software environment that supports the appropriate technology and is used in career guidance activities of a digital school are described: application of methods for diagnostics, determination of selection criteria for professions of the future, drawing up a system of tasks, etc. In the experiment the dynamics was assessed by the levels of formation of intellectual qualities, the most significant for professional self-determination of the personality, and statistically significant differences in qualitative changes, were revealed χ2obs. 2 > χ2crit.0.05 (8,9 > 5,99). In conclusion the authors generalized recommendations for educators: orientation in the proposed means; demonstration of capabilities through personal experience and for the professional tasks of specialists; monitoring a range of digital resources for career planning; comparing the needs of society with the opportunities, interests of students, etc.
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Amritesh, Subhas Chandra Misra, and Jayanta Chatterjee. "Emerging scenario of online counseling services in India: a case of e-government intervention." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 8, no. 4 (October 14, 2014): 569–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-10-2013-0040.
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Purpose – This paper aims to understand the emerging state of online counseling practices in India, highlight the benefits of process transition and explore potential research issues in this domain. Changing demands of labor market and growing availability of wide range of education and training options in the higher/technical education sector underscore the need of counseling services for an individual’s career guidance requirements. “Online counseling” in this context, as an e-government intervention, is expected to meet this requirement by extending support to individuals’ decision-making process and optimally match their interest with appropriate kind of education. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have highlighted some key contributions from the literature to build theoretical insight about contextual factors of counseling, and presented a detailed case analysis of online counseling practices in one of the states of India. Findings – With a critical perspective, it is noticed that design of online counseling services in India has largely been developed from the requirements of service provider’s to support the conventional set of practices, with less attention given to students’ decision support. More research is required in the direction of service gap analysis, information quality issues and more interactive website functionalities from user’s viewpoint. Research limitations/implications – Aligning the objectives of online counseling services with the relevant theories of career guidance should essentially be considered by the government/online counseling managers. Furthermore, managers must understand the importance of information quality and self-help tools for online information accessibility to facilitate student’s decision-making process. Originality/value – The article reports a research scenario/case of a unique service of its kind under the education sector in India which is weighted high on both the dimensions – technical/operational elements, because of multiple stakeholders’ involvement, and informational service elements, as viewed through e-government service maturity research lens.
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Jung, Gowoon. "‘I Know What Freedom and Responsibility Mean Now’." YOUNG 26, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308817715143.
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This article analyses narratives of autonomous adulthood among Korean international students at an American state university. I categorize student narratives in terms of the number of activities associated with achieving adulthood markers and the efficacy of individual agency. A broad perspective considers a wide variety of activities to contribute to autonomous adulthood and valourizes individual agency. A narrow perspective focuses on activities tailored to one’s career, and downplays individual agency compared to larger institutional-structural factors. I examine these narratives among three groups of international students, depending on their time of arrival: pre-college migrants who moved to the USA during middle or high school, college-migrants who arrived during the first or second year of undergraduate college and post-college migrants who came for advanced degrees (e.g., MA, PhD). The finding suggests that students negotiate agency and structure differently depending on their past and current experiences in the sending and receiving countries.
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Malin, Joel R., and Donald G. Hackmann. "Integrative Leadership and Cross-Sector Reforms: High School Career Academy Implementation in an Urban District." Educational Administration Quarterly 55, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x18785870.
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Purpose: This study analyzed leadership structures, processes, and practices that have enabled and constrained an ambitious career and college readiness reform within an urban school district. It was designed to discern how leaders worked across cross-sector boundaries to support district-wide high school career academy implementation. Research Method: Case study methodology was applied to examine a long-standing cross-sector collaborative partnership that supports the district’s career academy reforms. Data were collected over 15 months through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Crosby and Bryson’s integrative leadership theoretical framework guided data collection and analyses. Findings: The integrative leadership framework was suitable for understanding the boundary-spanning leadership work that was occurring, involving school leaders, civic officials, and business members in leadership roles to support academy reforms. As expected, for example, system turbulence was key to the reform’s initiation, establishing legitimacy was arduous and important, and numerous facilitative structures were developed. Some nuances were also apparent. For instance, we noted the motivating power of the shared goal to enhance the relevance of student educational experiences, while business and civic leaders were particularly interested in developing student employment skills. We also noted formidable political opposition and the development of a new, cross-sector power structure. Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice: Current educational theory is inadequate to explain leadership practices and provide guidance as school leaders increasingly enter into cross-sector collaborations. Scholars should seek to address this issue by prioritizing this line of research. Practitioners can benefit from insights gained by applying the integrated leadership framework to cross-sector initiatives.
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Ilizarov, Simon S. "A man whom nobody can replace. The 100th anniversary of the birth of a corresponding member of RAS S.R. Mikulinskii." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-587389111153-1161.
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The life of the prominent scholar and organizer of science and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.R. Mikulinskii (19191991), who determined strategic directions for the development of the history of science and lay the foundation for the science of science in the 1960s 1980s, was full of tragic turns. In his biography, it is said that his years of schooling were followed by his volunteering for the army during the Great Patriotic War, years of being a prisoner in first Nazi, and then Soviet, camps, followed by years of studies and a meteoric scientific career that abruptly ended with his expulsion from the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute for the History of Science and Technology that he himself had nurtured. Under his guidance, prominent scientists in a wide range of disciplines were brought together at the Institute, which reached the peak of its development having become a globally recognized center for the advancement of thought in the history of science.
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Cockersell, Peter. "PIEs five years on." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 20, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-08-2016-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider evidence for the effectiveness of the psychologically informed environments (PIEs) approach to working with homeless people in the five years since the national guidance was published. Design/methodology/approach The author reviewed the intended outcomes of the original guidance and then looked at a range of data from evaluations of current PIE services in UK and Ireland. Findings The findings were that the PIE approach is effective in meeting the outcomes suggested by the original guidance; in reducing social exclusion and improving the mental health of homeless people; and in improving staff morale and interactions. Research limitations/implications This is a practice-based evidence. There needs to be more practice-based evidence gathered, and it would be useful if there were some standardised measures, as long as these did not limit the richness of the data which suggests that PIEs have a wide, not narrow, impact. Practical implications The implications are that homelessness services should use the PIE approach, and that they should be supported by clinically trained psychotherapists or psychologists; and that wider mental health services should look at the PIE approach in terms of working effectively with socially excluded people with complex needs/mental health problems. Social implications PIEs are an effective way of working with socially excluded people with mental health problems/complex needs, enabling the reduction of social exclusion among this very excluded client group. Originality/value This is the first review of evidence, much of it so far unpublished, for the effectiveness of PIEs, despite the fact that this approach has been increasingly adopted by both providers and commissioners in the homelessness sector.
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Ramdani, Danny. "Formulasi Strategi Pengembangan SDM Perawatan Pesawat Terbang." Organum: Jurnal Saintifik Manajemen dan Akuntansi 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/organum.v2i1.56.
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The lack of level human resources capabilities in narrow-body aircraft maintenance (Airbus & Boeing), which implies the achievement of all operator's maintenance revenue in Indonesia. The research focused on the business unit of Aircraft Services of Indonesian-aircraft Industries. The purpose of this study was to analysis and make a formulation strategy development of aircraft maintenance knowledge workers at the business unit of Aircraft Services of Indonesian-aircraft Industries. The research used a case study with a qualitative method and SWOT analysis used as a tool in the implementation process. The datas collect conducted through some literature, documents, and in-depth interviews. The subjects were managers, senior engineers, instructors, inspectors, technicians, and mechanics seniors, which focused on the development of knowledge workers (direct workers). The result of SWOT Analysis showed that unit business Aircraft Services should make an arranging program development for aircraft maintenance knowledge workers, namely: a training program for acquiring an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License (AMEL), human resources procure system, career path, reward & compensation, and performance system. The finding was the lack of unit business Aircraft Services within preparing a business development plan program for aircraft maintenance wide-body because of corporate's response in supporting aircraft maintenance and technician/mechanics education center facilities were very slow. The conclusion was that unit business Aircraft Services, will have a competitive advantage for Aircraft maintenance narrow-body (Airbus & Boeing) if the result of strategy formulation has thoughtfully been implemented.
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Webb, J. B., C. Halpin, J. Ehrismann, and J. P. Noad. "The preparation of epitaxial InSb films by magnetron sputtering." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-135.
Full textAbstract:
InSb, with its narrow bandgap, has found application in a wide variety of infrared detector applications, ranging from infrared astronomy on the Galileo satellite to tactical weapon guidance systems. However, InSb also demonstrates an extremely high electron mobility, up to 1 000 000 cm2∙V−1∙s−1 at 77 K, which makes it of particular interest for very high-speed circuit applications. In the past, most multilayer InSb structures have been prepared by conventional crystal-growth techniques, including liquid-phase epitaxy, metalorganic chemical vapour deposition, and molecular-beam epitaxy. In this presentation, the preparation of thin epitaxial films of InSb by magnetron sputtering will be discussed. Using this technique, we have deposited good quality epitaxial InSb films on [Formula: see text] InSb and [Formula: see text] GaAs. In this study, the effects of substrate temperature and sputter pressure on film morphology, composition, and growth rate are examined. As well, preliminary measurement of the electrical characteristics of these layers and their crystal quality as determined by X-ray diffraction and large-area electron-channelling pattern analysis are presented.
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Sebastian, Bibin, Shyamkumar N. Keshava, and Raghuram Lakshminarayan. "The Status of Interventional Radiology as a Specialty among Medical Students in India—Knowledge, Interest, and Exposure." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 31, no. 02 (April 2021): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733813.
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Abstract Purpose Interventional radiology (IR) is a young medical specialty where image guidance is utilized in minimally invasive procedures as a treatment option and/or as a diagnostic tool. There is an exponential increase in awareness and interest in IR amongst medical students. This trend is continuing despite lack of proportionate representation of IR in the current medical curriculum. This study aims to understand the exposure to IR as a specialty amongst medical students in India. Materials and Methods Anonymous, voluntary, online questionnaire was sent to medical students from different parts of the country. The survey comprised 15 questions regarding exposure and awareness on IR. Results The responses were obtained from 1,024 medical students from 98 medical colleges across the country, majority (57.0%) in the clinical years of their training. Thirty-six percent of them were interested in an IR career. Lack of awareness was the most (61.6%) cited reason for not choosing an IR career. Majority (57.9%) would consider IR as a clinical management option and believe that IR holds an important place in medical practice (68.4%). Conclusion There is an evident under-representation of IR in the medical curriculum. However, an increasing awareness and interest among medical students toward IR as a specialty is demonstrated. Incorporation of IR into current medical curriculum in a systematic way is the need of the hour. This would ultimately benefit a wide cohort of patients across multiple specialties.
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Ringel, Steven P., John F. Steiner, Barbara G. Vickrey, and Susan S. Spencer. "Training clinical researchers in neurology." Neurology 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2001): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.388.
Full textAbstract:
The pace of scientific discoveries, the increasing complexity of managing patients, and the runaway cost of neurological services have created an urgent need for a wide range of clinical research in neurology. Despite increasing recognition of this need and recent increases in funding for training clinical investigators, neurologists conducting cellular and molecular investigations are more likely to join faculties, maintain research careers, and attain academic advancement. Because academic departments of neurology are successful in producing and nurturing basic science researchers, why aren’t they just as triumphant in spawning clinical investigators? This crisis in the preparation of clinical investigators has been brought about by many factors: competing time demands for clinical service, lack of methodologically rigorous training in the disciplines necessary to conduct clinical research, and lack of mentorship. Neurology residents contemplating a clinical research career may observe junior faculty who lack career guidance, are ill-prepared as independent investigators, and must juggle patient demands while trying to write a research grant or conduct a study. Already burdened by medical school debts, is it any wonder that our neurology graduates don’t leap to a career with a future that seems so insecure? Academic departments of neurology must develop full-scale clinical research training programs if they are to meet the pressing need for clinical research. As a starting point, they must free themselves from their dependence on providing clinical services to generate income. Following the model which has produced successful basic researchers, much greater effort must be given to establishing rigorous methodological training in collaboration with other departments, creating senior role models, and protecting time for clinical investigators to conduct research. Unless we create incentives to careers in clinical research, we will never answer the growing number of clinical research questions we face today.
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Carfagni, Monica, Rocco Furferi, Lapo Governi, Chiara Santarelli, Michaela Servi, Francesca Uccheddu, and Yary Volpe. "Metrological and Critical Characterization of the Intel D415 Stereo Depth Camera." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030489.
Full textAbstract:
Low-cost RGB-D cameras are increasingly being used in several research fields, including human–machine interaction, safety, robotics, biomedical engineering and even reverse engineering applications. Among the plethora of commercial devices, the Intel RealSense cameras have proven to be among the most suitable devices, providing a good compromise between cost, ease of use, compactness and precision. Released on the market in January 2018, the new Intel model RealSense D415 has a wide acquisition range (i.e., ~160–10,000 mm) and a narrow field of view to capture objects in rapid motion. Given the unexplored potential of this new device, especially when used as a 3D scanner, the present work aims to characterize and to provide metrological considerations for the RealSense D415. In particular, tests are carried out to assess the device performance in the near range (i.e., 100–1000 mm). Characterization is performed by integrating the guidelines of the existing standard (i.e., the German VDI/VDE 2634 Part 2) with a number of literature-based strategies. Performance analysis is finally compared against the latest close-range sensors, thus providing a useful guidance for researchers and practitioners aiming to use RGB-D cameras in reverse engineering applications.
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Meixner, M., M. Klaus, and Ch Genzel. "Sin2ψ-based residual stress gradient analysis by energy-dispersive synchrotron diffraction constrained by small gauge volumes. II. Experimental implementation." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 3 (May 4, 2013): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813008364.
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On the basis of the theoretical concept for the use of small gauge volumes to study near-surface residual stress fields with high spatial resolution [Meixner, Klaus & Genzel (2013).J. Appl. Cryst.46, 610–618], the experimental implementation of the approach is demonstrated. It is shown that specifically designed slit systems are required to avoid effects such as diffuse scattering at the slit blades and total external reflection, both giving rise to a reduced resolution. Starting from the characterization of the small gauge volume, practical guidance on how to control the alignment of the sample relative to the gauge volume for different geometrical conditions of energy-dispersive diffraction is given. The narrow-slit configuration as well as the formalism for data evaluation introduced in the first part of this series is applied to the analysis of a very steep in-plane residual stress gradient in a shot-peened Al2O3ceramic sample. The results are compared with those obtained by means of a conventional wide-slit setup using the classical universal plot method for residual stress analysis on the one hand, and with the simulations performed in the first part on the other hand.
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Flanagan, Dennis. "Avoiding Osseous Grafting in the Atrophic Posterior Mandible for Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures: A Report of 2 Cases." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00094.
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Bone atrophy occurs after tooth extraction in the posterior mandible, placing the mandibular canal and its neural, arterial, and venous contents closer to the osseous facial aspect and the coronal crest. This proximity places the structure in danger of damage when dental implants are surgically placed to support fixed or removable prostheses. Several options are available to treat these areas for implant-supported fixed and removable complete or partial dentures. Osseous grafting and ridge expansion are surgical options that enable acceptance of standard sized dental implants but have serious morbidities. Additionally, vertical osseous augmentation is not predictable at this time. Narrow diameter dental implants can be placed to avoid the mandibular canal, but some bone volume situations preclude this. Very wide and very short (6.5 × 5 mm) dental implants may be placed at an angle in atrophic sites to successfully support fixed partial dentures. An anterior guidance occlusal scheme may be used in maxillary dentate patients or group function in maxillary complete denture patients. A 100 micron occlusal relief in fixed partial dentures in dentate patients may be required to account for natural tooth intrusion and to prevent occlusal overload of the implant-supported partial denture.
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Demarco, Diego. "Staminal wing and a novel secretory structure of asclepiads." Botany 95, no. 7 (July 2017): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0239.
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Asclepiads (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) have morphologically complex flowers with a wide range of secretory structures related to their defense and pollination. A striking feature of the flowers is the presence of a guide rail formed by staminal wings, which is related to the guidance of the pollinator to the pollinarium translator and the retention of the pollinium. Previous analyses of floral ontogeny in asclepiads detected the presence of a possible gland on the staminal wing during flower development. The goal of the present study was to verify the occurrence of a secretory structure on the staminal wing and its possible function through ontogenetic and histochemical analyses of the presumed gland. Staminal wings are formed early in developing flowers, and a gland is originated in the outer and inner margins of the guide rail in all species. This gland releases a secretion composed of mucilage and lipids, which likely assists in the introduction of the pollinator appendage into the narrow guide rail by lubricating the staminal wings. The gland degenerates before anthesis, increasing the space within the guide rail and enabling the introduction of the pollinarium. This new secretory structure may be present in floral buds of all asclepiads.
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Mishova, V. V., and E. N. Ogneva. "Library-information activity as an object of senior pupils professional self-determination." Bibliosphere, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2017-1-58-62.
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A modern specialist of library-information work should quickly solve extraordinary information problem, professionally carry out expert-consulting, research, design and creative activity. To implement the above mentioned tasks library-information institutions need to attract young creative professionals who have special training.Dissertations defended for the last 10 years in Russia were analyzed in order to clarify the research development trends on the problems of young generation professional orientation. Analysis of dissertations e-library collection revealed 183 works on relevant topics, 77% of which were devoted to pedagogical specialties.Kemerovo State Institute of Culture trains unique professionals at the Department of Automated Information Processing Technologies (DAIPT) at specialty «Library-Information Activities», profile «Technology of Automated LibraryInformation Systems». The uniqueness of these specialists is determined by a wide humanitarian education, integration of their training in the field of library-information technologies and resources, information-analytical technologies with acquiring modern software and hardware, information-communication technologies. To attract students to this training direction DAIPT’s lecturers have developed forms of using information-communication technology in vocational guidance competitions for schoolchildren. To interact with contestants interactive forms are applied that allow activating participants and organizers joint activity. Competitive events are held both internally and in absentia.Thus, studied theses and the experience of holding vocational guidance competitions among schoolchildren show that there is the necessity to develop science-based approaches to implementation of career-oriented work by higher education institutions in the field of information-library activities using modern interactive forms that activate the conscious activity of pupils.
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Fu, Xiaoxue, and John E. Richards. "Age-related changes in diffuse optical tomography sensitivity profiles in infancy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): e0252036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252036.
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Diffuse optical tomography uses near-infrared light spectroscopy to measure changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Anatomical interpretations of the location that generates the hemodynamic signal requires accurate descriptions of diffuse optical tomography sensitivity to the underlying cortical structures. Such information is limited for pediatric populations because they undergo rapid head and brain development. The present study used photon propagation simulation methods to examine diffuse optical tomography sensitivity profiles in realistic head models among infants ranging from 2 weeks to 24 months with narrow age bins, children (4 and 12 years) and adults (20 to 24 years). The sensitivity profiles changed systematically with the source-detector separation distance. The peak of the sensitivity function in the head was largest at the smallest separation distance and decreased as separation distance increased. The fluence value dissipated more quickly with sampling depth at the shorter source-detector separations than the longer separation distances. There were age-related differences in the shape and variance of sensitivity profiles across a wide range of source-detector separation distances. Our findings have important implications in the design of sensor placement and diffuse optical tomography image reconstruction in (functional) near-infrared light spectroscopy research. Age-appropriate realistic head models should be used to provide anatomical guidance for standalone near-infrared light spectroscopy data in infants.
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Gavrylenko, Olena, and Viktoriia Dvornyk. "Application of clustering methods to determine the areas of activity of candidates in recruitment for IT-companies." System technologies 3, no. 134 (April 5, 2021): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-134-2021-14.
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Nowadays the selection of candidates for recruitment from a wide range of candidates is a fundamental issue. Today's HR managers have to handle extremely large amounts of data: portfolio research, social media screening, skill set identification, and, of course, resume research.Professors Sagar More, Bhamara Priyanka, Mali Puja and Kachave Kalyani were considering the automated classification of resumes using clustering techniques. The solution proposed by scientists uses methods of data mining. The method of data mining clustering is used for classification and calculation.The aim of the article is to study the methods of clustering and the transformation of the clustering problem into an optimization problem to improve the efficiency and quality of recommendations to recruitment managers.In the task of determining the areas of activity of employees in recruitment for IT-companies an input information will be summarized in text form, which will contain all the information about the professional career of the employee, as well as cover letters, essays and career guidance tests with free open answers.At the output we get a set of professional areas of activity of employees with the best resumes selected for them, that is, we get a grouping of input data to certain areas of activity.It is suggested to use text clustering methods to group and combine input data. For clustering can be used c-means algorithm – a modification of the k-means method.There is one disadvantage of the method: the need to know the number of clusters in advance. In this case, it is proposed to present the problem of clustering as optimization. The «elbow» method or the «knee» method can be used to determine the optimal number of clusters.Analysis of the results showed that the use of the c-means method has an important advantage: the ability to determine the degree of belonging of the element to the cluster. And, also with usage of «elbow» method optimal number of clusters can be chosen.
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Wiseman, Richard. "Software Reviews." Australian Journal of Career Development 3, no. 3 (December 1994): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629400300305.
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As a first step towards preparation of a collection of reviews of computer-assisted career guidance packages, guidelines for evaluation of such packages were published in the Journal (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 40–42). Comments on the guidelines, which were prepared by Dr Esther Care, were sought from readers. These and other guidelines formed the basis of a document sent to potential reviewers of packages for this special edition. The process began by consulting practitioners, publishers and others knowledgeable in the field to ensure that as wide a range as possible of systems available in Australia would be covered in the reviews. Letters were sent to publishers and distributors requesting descriptive information about the nature of each system, its intended clients, cost and hardware requirements. For each system, a representative list of purchasers was requested from the distributor or publisher. These lists were used to ensure that a wide range of practitioners and regions of Australia would be encompassed in the reviews. We are also particularly pleased to have information from two neighbouring countries, New Zealand and Singapore, about systems developed and in use there. From the lists provided, two purchasers of each system were selected from different types of organisations and from different states or territories. Letters inviting reviews were sent, together with the document of suggested guidelines for comment. It was stressed that the guidelines were no more than that, and that comment in any form would be welcome. Not all potential reviewers approached were able to undertake the task and a few “reserves” were called upon. Nevertheless a good cross-section of types of users and almost all regions of Australia are represented in the replies. The entries in the Journal are either directly as submitted or have been paraphrased from the summary comments made in response to the guidelines. In each of the latter cases, the paraphrased material was confirmed by the reviewer as an accurate reflection of the comments made.
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Prof. Henry Kiptiony Kiplangat, Kosgei Kipruto Pius; Prof Frederick B. J. A. Ngala;. "Relationship between Provision of Students' Academic Advising Resources and Effective Performance of Instructional Roles by Teachers in Secondary Schools in Nandi East Sub-County, Kenya." Editon Consortium Journal of Curriculum and Educational Studies 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjces.v2i1.183.
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This study sought to investigate the relationship between the provision of students' academic advising resources and effective performance of instructional roles by teachers' in secondary schools in Nandi East Sub County, Kenya. The study adopted a correlational research design. Test re-test method was used to test the reliability of the instruments. The study targeted secondary school teachers while the accessible population was 192 teachers teaching in the 30 secondary schools and 30 deputy principals in Nandi East Sub-County. The study used proportionate sampling to categorize respondents into female and male; Boarding and day schools. Proportional sampling was used to apportion teacher respondents from various schools. Simple random sampling method was adopted to sample the actual respondents. The Sample size was 127 teachers in the 30 sampled schools determined by using Krejcie and Morgan Table of Sample Size determination and the 30 deputy principals surveyed. The study reported that that there was a positive and significant relationship between the provision of academic advising resources and performance of instructional roles by teachers' The study concluded that teachers were ineffective in providing career guidance materials to students, regularly giving academic advice to students, and regularly providing students with recreational games, insufficient time was allocated to academic counselling sessions, and some teachers were not effective in regularly organizing school-wide academic advisory services. This study recommends that principals of secondary schools should ensure that academic counselling sessions are scheduled in the timetable to address the issue of insufficient time allocated to academic counselling.
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Vaida, Alina, and Masud Awal. "A UK-wide survey of Balint, support groups and psychotherapy training opportunities for SAS (Specialty Doctors and Associate Specialists) Psychiatrists." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.197.
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AimsTo investigate SAS Psychiatrists’ opportunities for Balint-type, support groups and psychotherapy training opportunities nationwide, for which there is a lack of existing literature or established framework.MethodAn online questionnaire was sent to UK-wide SAS psychiatry doctors with the support of the RCPsych Speciality Doctors and Associate Specialist Psychiatrists Committee (SASC). The survey enquired about location, work experience, future plans, Balint-type groups, psychotherapy opportunities and support.Result122 doctors completed the questionnaire, estimated to constitute approximately 8% of SAS psychiatry posts (or more if considering all vacancies), based on the RCPsych Census (2015), from across all UK nations.Time spent in an SAS role varied widely between months (10%) to over 20 years (5%), with the median and mode being 8–12 years (25%). Regarding future career plans 61% responded that they would be considering either the Certificate of Eligibility for Specialist Registration (CESR) route, or applying for future training or both.24% reported being part of a Balint-type group whilst almost double this number (47%) said they would be interested to join but none were available. 31% were part of a reflective practice or support group whilst 44% reported that they were interested in joining but none were available. Only 7% said that they were not participating or not interested in either a Balint group or a reflective group. Free-response comments suggested these opportunities were usually reserved for trainees and service commitments prevented attendance.76% of respondents reported access to an SAS Tutor, but only 21% confirmed access to a psychotherapy tutor.Half of respondents indicated they did not have access to information and guidance they needed regarding accessing psychotherapy opportunities, with only 27% thinking they did.24% reported managing to gain experience in at least one psychotherapeutic modality, 44% of whom received medical psychotherapist supervision; whilst 13% said they did not intend to pursue this.ConclusionThe results highlight that interest in joining Balint and reflective support groups significantly exceeds local provision. As these groups are not mandatory requirements for CESR application, the interest expressed (including amongst those reporting to be SAS by choice) suggests that SAS Psychiatrists value these opportunities for their recognised professional developmental and clinical benefits; these include peer support, understanding doctor-patient interactions and having a space to reflect on the emotional impact of clinical work. Trusts should consider supporting SAS doctors wishing to join new or existing Balint-type or other supportive reflective clinician groups.
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Gilhooley, Margaret. "Commercial Speech and Off-Label Drug Uses: What Role for Wide Acceptance, General Recognition and Research Incentives?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 37, no. 2-3 (June 2011): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881103700203.
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This article provides an overview of how the constitutional protections for commercial speech affect the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of drugs, and the emerging issues about the scope of these protections. A federal district court has already found that commercial speech allows manufacturers to distribute reprints of medical articles about a new off-label use of a drug as long as it contains disclosures to prevent deception and to inform readers about the lack of FDA review. This paper summarizes the current agency guidance that accepts the manufacturer's distribution of reprints with disclosures.Allergan, the maker of Botox, recently maintained in a lawsuit that the First Amendment permits drug companies to provide “truthful information” to doctors about “widely accepted” off-label uses of a drug. While the case was settled as part of a fraud and abuse case on other grounds, extending constitutional protections generally to “widely accepted” uses is not warranted, especially if it covers the use of a drug for a new purpose that needs more proof of efficacy, and that can involve substantial risks.A health law academic pointed out in an article examining a fraud and abuse case that off-label use of drugs is common, and that practitioners may lack adequate dosage information about the off-label uses. Drug companies may obtain approval of a drug for a narrow use, such as for a specific type of pain, but practitioners use the drug for similar uses based on their experience. The writer maintained that a controlled study may not be necessary to establish efficacy for an expanded use of a drug for pain. Even if this is the case, as discussed below in this paper, added safety risks may exist if the expansion covers a longer period of time and use by a wider number of patients. The protections for commercial speech should not be extended to allow manufacturers to distribute information about practitioner use with a disclosure about the lack of FDA approval. Distributions of information about unapproved uses should not be acceptable unless experts consider the expanded use to be generally recognized as safe and effective based on adequate studies.The last part of this paper considers the need to develop better research incentives to encourage more testing and post-market risk surveillance by drug makers on off-label uses of their drugs. Violations of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) can be considered violations of the False Claims Act, which opens the way to fraud and abuse suits. The scale of penalties involved in these suits may lead to more examination of the scope of FDA regulation and commercial speech protections. Thus this symposium's consideration of these issues is timely and important.
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VLADIMIROVA, O. N., G. S. GAVRILCHENKO, and O. V. CHASHCHINA. "PROBLEMS RELATED WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC SPECIALTY PROGRAMS IN PEDAGOGICAL HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2020-54-4-240.
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Statement of the problem. The highest degree of relevance of economic education in the dynamics of the development of the “new economy” in the country requires modern approaches to the formation of a creative personality, both teachers and students who are able to understand the depth of relations among economic entities. Reference to bibliographic sources shows that the problems of teaching economic disciplines in the preparation of bachelors in pedagogical universities are practically not covered in scientific and periodical literature. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize the problems of organizing and implementing career guidance activities and the educational process of training bachelors in the direction of 44.03.01 Pedagogical education, Economic specialty. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a combination of general scientific and special methods. As a theoretical basis, the provisions of economic theory and psychological theories are used. Research results. The authors focus on the role and importance of economic education, highlighting blocks of system-wide and specific problems in the preparation of bachelors, show the need to improve the relationship between theory and practice, increase the requirements for teaching economic disciplines through improving organization of the educational process at the secondary school level, and improving the quality of methodological components. The results of the analysis of a teaching process allow us to state that in general, the status of a teacher in the country is underestimated, there is no unity of interests between the labor market and higher education, and the practical orientation of economic education is insufficient. Conclusion. It is possible to solve the problems of implementing economic programs in pedagogical higher educational institutions at the state and local levels. It is necessary to develop a unified concept of economic education, covering the triad of preschool institutions-secondary school-university, to coordinate and use the capabilities of the administrative building.