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Taylor, Clinton Watson. "International narcotics control : norms, systems and regimes /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Malloy, Meghan Mary. "United States-Colombian Negotiations on Narcotics Control 1975-1980." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625531.
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Rimner, Steffen. "The Asian Origins of Global Narcotics Control, c. 1860-1909." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11587.
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This dissertation traces the ferment of private ressentiment, public protest and political response to the Asian opium trade from the "Second Opium War (1856-60) to the first, multilateral anti-drug summit in human history, the International Opium Commission in Shanghai (1909). Rather than isolating single anti-opium movements and drug control policies by administration, the focus is on moments and dynamics of ideological proliferation, social mobilization and political lobbying across the borders of societies in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Europe and North America.History
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Ng, Kwok-cheung. "An analysis of the anti-narcotics strategy in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38598231.
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Au-yeung, Ho-lok Luke. "An evaluation of the role of the Customs and Excise Department in drug enforcement." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12816942.
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Primlani, Monisha. "Drugs, crime and law enforcement : the economic connection." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30643.
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Azemi, Ferid. "National Strategy Against Narcotics, Drug Control Policy, and Law Enforcement Experiences in Kosovo." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6517.
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This research is focused on evaluation of National Strategy Against Narcotics (NSAN) enacted in 2012 in Kosovo. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of NSAN through visualizing data and gaining deeper insight from experiences of antidrug experts. Convergent parallel mixed methods were used to answer the main research questions. The central research questions examined the impact of strategy implementation in juvenile drug arrest reduction, and its effectiveness on Kosovo criminal justice system. Markwood's comprehensive theory of substance abuse prevention (CTSAP) was used to assess and explore the NSAN. Deidentified juvenile arrest rates taken from Kosovo official police records, were visualized though a scatterplot to show the impact of arrest rates from 2009 to 2015. On qualitative part, 11 antidrug officers who handled juvenile drug arrest cases were in-depth interviewed. Visualized data showed that NSAN did not decrease juvenile drug arrest rates after its implementation, as the juvenile drug arrest rates increased after its implementation. However, participants in this study perceived NSAN as positive, with positive impact in increasing cooperation between other agencies, thus resulting in more arrests. Interview answers received from participants of the study confirmed Markwood's CTSAP. Overall, mixed results came out of this study, and further research is needed with wider scope of data analysis to fully evaluate the effects of this strategy. NSAN itself did not have desired impact in reducing juvenile drug arrests in Kosovo, but analysis of this strategy brought attention of increasing juvenile drug issues in Kosovo.
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Ng, Kwok-cheung, and 吳國璋. "An analysis of the anti-narcotics strategy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38598231.
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Slevin, James Martin. "The normative foundations of television culture : a critical account of the conceptualization of moral responsibility in Dutch and British state broadcasting policy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307905.
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Padwa, Howard Philip. "Narcotics vs. the nation the culture and politics of opiate control in Britain and France, 1821-1926 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1610056031&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Veer, Pieter van 't. "Dietary habits and breast cancer a case-control study in the Netherlands /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5573.
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Arblaster, Paul. "Current-affairs publishing in the Habsburg Netherlands, 1620-1660, in comparative European perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322671.
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Brewster, David. "Comparing cannabis control : convergence and divergence in England & Wales and the Netherlands." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/84381/.
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This thesis explores the nature and extent of convergence and divergence in cannabis control in England & Wales and the Netherlands through an examination of the policy-making process. Over the past couple of decades a number of sociological theories of crime control have pointed towards converging tendencies in the growth of ‘punitiveness’ across advanced Western countries. One of the most influential accounts put forth has been David Garland’s The Culture of Control which suggests that the transition to late-modernity has brought with it new and reconstructed risks and threats, and ambivalent strategies of responding to issues of crime and security. However, despite the usefulness of such bodies of work which attempted to map the ‘master patterns’ of crime control, there is a need to empirically examine how a culture of control unfolds across different national and subnational spheres. An under-examined area of criminological research is the very nature of policy development and negotiation, with tendencies to read off policy outcomes without a deeper exploration of how such responses come into being and unfold across different national and subnational spaces. The area of drugs policy, and specifically regarding cannabis, provided an interesting focus in which to test and build upon The Culture of Control, and particularly so in England & Wales and the Netherlands who have traditionally exhibited differences in their approaches to cannabis policy. Recent policy changes regarding cannabis suggest a toughening of approaches in both jurisdictions, with the reclassification from Class C to Class B in England & Wales in 2009, and the modifications to the ‘coffeeshop’ gedoogbeleid (‘tolerance policy’) in the Netherlands in 2012/13. A thematic analysis was conducted on empirical data from ‘elite’ semi-structured interviews (n=62) as well as key policy documents. The findings suggest that there have been convergent patterns in the way in which problems and policy alternatives have been constructed and molded to fit particular political agendas which shifted policy in a more repressive direction; but there are crucial differences in institutional and political cultures which still generate significant points of divergence across and within these jurisdictions. Consequentially, although ‘contrasts in tolerance’ may not be as marked as once described before (Downes 1988), there are still key components of the policy process in the Netherlands which more readily enable resistance against overly punitive policy movements, and foster the potential for a more pragmatic approach towards cannabis control.
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Potts, Donald Joseph. "Development of a curriculum for a 24-hour advanced officer narcotics course." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1323.
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Wong, Chung Shiu-wah Wendy. "The development of the methadone treatment programme in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975641.
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Broos, Elizabeth. "Information, communication and technological competencies in a digital working environment a case study in the Netherlands Defence Organization /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06182008-115804/.
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Kraft, David J. "A needs asses[s]ment of risk control services for Rotterdam International Safety Center, the Netherlands." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999kraft.pdf.
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Aguilar, Verónika Karolina Mosqueira. "As políticas antidrogas dos Estados Unidos na região andina = o caso peruano." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279402.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Com o final da Guerra fria, e com o processo da globalização manifestam-se profundas mudanças no mundo ocidental que vêm definindo novas estratégias políticas. No plano da segurança a nova agenda concentra-se nos problemas interestatais, entre os que se destaca o narcotráfico. Na procura de alternativas de solução na região andina, se deu a XV Reunião do Conselho Presidencial Andino (Quito, Julho 2004) onde foram aprovadas as linhas gerais da segurança externa comum, autorizando a prevenção e o enfrentamento de ameaças à segurança. O combate ao problema do narcotráfico se da mediante as Políticas Antidrogas direcionadas pelos Estados Unidos, centradas na redução da produção de pasta básica de cocaína, nos países produtores, Colômbia, Peru e Bolívia. Os programas com esse intuito são o Plano Colômbia, e a Iniciativa Regional Andina. Ditas estratégias poderiam pôr em ameaça a segurança desses países. É assim que o objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar um panorama sobre os impactos das políticas antidrogas na segurança dos países andinos no plano econômico, social e político e aprofundar no caso peruano, como è tratado o problema coca-cocaína no congresso e os possíveis interesses trás a continuidade da atual política antidroga. Considera-se relevante promover a avaliação de novas estratégias antidrogas que se ajustem ao conceito de segurança da região e a sua realidade. Usa-se a metodologia de análise documentaria de relatórios mundiais de instituições que combatem o narcotráfico, discursos de representantes dos agricultores cocaleros, e os projetos leis apresentados no congresso peruano, á vez que textos de autores especialistas entre outros
Abstract: With the end of the Cold War and the process of globalization, profound changes have occurred in the western world, these changes are defining new policies. In the plan of security, new security agendas are focused on the interstate problems, among highlights the drug trafficking. In the search for alternative solutions in the Andean region was where the XIA approved the outlines of the common external security by allowing the prevention and confrontation of security threats. Combating drug trafficking through the current anti-drug policies directed by Estates Unites, focusing on reducing the production of basic paste of cocaine, these politics are o Plan Colombia, and Andean Regional Initiative, Might be threatening the security of these countries. Though, the aim of this study is to show a picture of the economics, social and political impacts of current drug policies of the security of Andean countries. Is relevant a new evaluation promote anti-drug strategies to adapt to conceit of security to the reality of the region. Use data analysis methodology is a documentary of world report of institutions that combated or drug trafficking, discourse from representatives cocaleras, e the projects leis presented in Peruvians congress, and the other texts
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política
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Hesselink, Annika W. "History makes a river : morphological changes and human interference in the river Rhine, the Netherlands /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap : Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010018442&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Kassman, Anders. "Polisen och narkotikaproblemet : från nationella aktioner mot narkotikaprofitörer till lokala insatser för att störa missbruket." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62836.
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The subject of this study is the policing of the drug problem during the period between the nationalization of the police force in 1965 and the introduction of imprisonment as a penalty for drug consumption in 1993. The influence of four key factors are discussed: legislation, organization, the conception of and the attention paid to the drug problem. Qualitative and quantitative data from police archives, the prosecutor general, parliamentary publications, a public TV newsroom and various statistics from other sources are combined. The analysis shows four important stages in the process towards a substantially increased drug control: By the end of the 1960s, all data indicate increased attention to the drug problem. The penal law on narcotics was passed in 1968. It laid the foundation for subsequent policing activities. The police was also given increased possibilities to use telephone-tapping to combat serious crimes. By the end of the 1970s, the creation of a special narcotics police organization at the medium level of police hierarchy institutionalized, emphasized and assigned manpower to combat serious crimes. Since the beginning of the 1980s new target groups have been added. The "street dealer" is a new direct target. With the strengthening of the preventive role of the police new indirect target groups emerged: the police also emphasized their work against recruitment of new drug users. The main objective of the new penal law on narcotics of 1968 was to help drug addicts recover and merge back in society again. Addiction was seen as a disease. Drug dealing by the addicts was reprehensible but not a priority matter to the police. Over time, this attitude changed and in 1989 the police saw distinct actions against street dealers as the most important element in the repressive policy.
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Holstvoogd, Ezra. "Factors that influence the purchase intention of sustainable apparelproducts relating young consumers in the Netherlands." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37630.
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Purpose: This research’s purpose is to test previous used factors that influence the green purchase intentions of apparel products on a not yet tested target group, young consumers in the Netherlands. The goal that goes with the purpose is to stimulate the sustainable apparel consumption in the Netherlands. Research design: To fulfill the purpose of this study, an online questionnaire has been distributed to young consumers in the Netherlands. A total of 400 valid respondents were collected through the convenience sampling- and snowball sampling method. With the valid respondents the multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression were conducted. Findings: The current study has found enough evidence to statistically prove that attitude, subjective norm, perceived environmental concern, a low aesthetic risk, and willingness to pay premium have a positive influence on the purchase intention. The study did not find enough evidence to statistically prove that perceived behavioral control, perceived environmental knowledge, and perceived consumer effectiveness have a positive influence on the purchase intention.
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Carvalho, Jonatas Carlos de. "Regulamentação e criminalização das drogas: a Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes e a internalização do proibicionismo no Brasil (1936-1946)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7837.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEste trabalho problematiza um tipo específico de racionalidade que emergiu nos fins do século XIX e avançou no século XX, implicando na constituição de uma política mundial destinada à regulamentação de determinadas substâncias psicoativas. Tais práticas foram possíveis em virtude de uma produção discursiva cujos enunciados médico-sanitários reivindicavam a intervenção dos Estados Nacionais em assegurar a saúde coletiva. No caso do uso de psicoativos, tais discursos fizeram emergir uma série de tratados internacionais, leis nacionais, normas e regulações que modificaram o comércio e os hábitos de consumo de tais substâncias, criminalizando qualquer uso que não estivesse de acordo com a legislação vigente. O recorte que esta dissertação procura fazer tem por foco analisar como esse processo se deu no Brasil, mais especificamente a partir da criação da Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes CNFE, organização esta de caráter governamental, que após sua criação passou a centralizar as políticas sociais sobre drogas no país. A CNFE foi constituída por meio do Decreto-Lei n 780em 28 de abril de 1936, vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores em conjunto com o Departamento Nacional de Saúde, através do Serviço de Fiscalização do Exercício Profissional. Neste caso, utilizando a documentação encontrada no Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty, na Biblioteca de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, dentre outras. Procurei delimitar esta pesquisa nos primeiros dez anos de atuação da Comissão, isto é, entre 1936 e 1946, para tanto, utilizo como instrumento de análise teórico-metodológico duas noções que serviram às reflexões do pensador francês Michel Foucault; biopolítica e governamentalidade. Desta forma, procuro acionar tais noções para localizar as estratégias de poder que culminaram na governamentalização do Estado voltadas para a gestão da vida das populações, tendo como pano de fundo os interditos das políticas sociais sobre drogas.
This research aims to put in doubt a specific sort of rationality that began and made progress between the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, implying a world-wide policy for some psychoactive substances regulation. That was possible due to discursive production composed by medical and sanitary statements that claimed the action of National States in order to ensure collective health. In terms of psychoactive drugs, that discourse has resulted in a series of international treaties, national laws, rules and regulations that changed the sale and use of those substances and criminalized any use that was not according to the current legislation. At this point, the dissertation focus on the study of this process in Brazil, more specifically from the creation of ComissãoNacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes CNFE (National Narcotic Control Commission), a governmental organization that concentrates social policies about drugs in the country. CNFE was set up by decree law 780 on April 28, 1936, linked to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs together with National Department of Health, through Professional Exercise Supervision Service. In this case, using documents found in Itamaraty Historical Archives, in Public Health Library of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and in Center for Research and Documentation of Getulio Vargas Foundation , among others, I have attempted to focus this research in the first ten years following the Commission creation, between 1936 and 1946. Therefore, I have used, as theoretical and methodological analysis tool, two concepts that helped French philosopher Michel Foulcault thoughts; biopolitics and governmentality. Thus, I try to use those concepts in order to find the power strategies that have led up to the Governmentalization of the State and have been directed to the management of peoples life, all this against the background of interdiction from social policies about drugs.
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van, de Ven Katinka. "The formation and development of illicit performance and image enhancing drug markets : exploring supply and demand, and control policies in Belgium and the Netherlands." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54398/.
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This research explores the understudied phenomenon of performance and image enhancing drug (PIED) markets by examining the structure and formation of the market for PIEDs in the Netherlands and Belgium. Furthermore, this study aims to understand and analyse the actors that operate in the PIED dealing environment. In particular bodybuilding is adopted as a case study. Finally, this thesis examines how the PIED control system and its application influence these respective markets. Chapter one introduces the global PIED problem, the policy options currently available to deal with it, and its connection to anti-doping and sport. Chapter two begins by reviewing the literature on PIED use and its supply, and reflects on the anti-doping and PIED policies that seek to regulate this market. In chapter three the theoretical contours of this dissertation are developed. Chapter four describes the research methods which form the empirical bases of the findings chapters. Chapter five focuses on the general characteristics of PIED suppliers, and the ways in which the actions of PIED dealers are influenced by the market cultures in which they operate. Chapter six examines the importance of socio-cultural factors in the formation and development of PIED dealing networks within bodybuilding subcultures. Chapter seven analyses and describes the characteristics of the Belgian and Dutch PIED markets, and unravels the complex relationship between the two. Chapter eight explores the illegal production of steroids in the Netherlands and the flourishing Internet trade in Belgium. Chapter nine assesses the harms related to the production and distribution of PIEDs, and accounts for the effects that Belgian and Dutch PIED policies may have on this illicit market. Finally, in chapter ten, the main findings of this dissertation are summarized, future research endeavours are considered and policy implications are drawn from the analysis. This thesis illustrates that social systems of rules and values, and in particular the embeddedness of culture, are important factors in our efforts to comprehend illicit PIED markets. Specifically, ‘the beliefs, norms, ‘tools’, rules and behaviours appropriate to a cultural setting are key factors for understanding the structure of PIED markets and greater attention must be given to the role played by socio-cultural factors in influencing the market behaviour of criminal groups and individuals. Nevertheless, this thesis also demonstrates that it is imperative to examine the production, distribution and use of PIEDs, as embedded within a diverse combination of social, economic and cultural processes. Indeed, the structure and formation of illicit PIED markets are shaped by a variety of factors including the types of PIEDs dealt within them, the characteristics of the users, the social structures which sustain them, the cultural and economic context in which the markets exist, and market forces (e.g. technical innovations, drug policies).
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Maiante, Ariádine Augusta. "Efeitos sedativos e cardiorrespiratórios da metadona em cães : estudo comparativo com a morfina /." Botucatu, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88923.
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Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira NetoBanca: Antonio José de Araújo Aguiar
Banca: Denise Tabacchi Fantoni
Resumo: Poucos estudos vem sendo reportados com uso da metadona em pequenos animais. Neste estudo os efeitos sedativos, cardiorrespiratórios e comportamentais da metadona e da morfina foram comparados em seis cães conscientes sem raça definida. No dia do estudo, os cães (16,4 ± 2,8 kg) foram instrumentados para monitorização hemodinâmica com isoflurano, e após 60 minutos do término da anestesia inalatória foi iniciada a coleta de dados. Morfina, (1 mg/kg) ou duas doses de metadona (0,5 mg/kg [MET0,5] ou 1,0 mg/kg [MET1]) foram administradas pela via intravenosa durante um minuto em um delineamento aleatório cruzado, aguardando-se um intervalo mínimo de 1 semana entre cada tratamento. As variáveis foram registradas antes (basal) e por 120 minutos após a administração dos fármacos, adotando como nível de significância p< 0,05. Devido a um marcado aumento (356%) do índice de resistência vascular sistêmica (dinas•seg/cm5/m2) após cinco minutos da administração de morfina, um animal apresentou resultado positivo para o teste de detecção de outlier (teste de Grubb) não sendo incluso na análise estatística das variáveis hemodinâmicas. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos nos parâmetros basais. A morfina reduziu a FC (bpm), comparado aos valores basais, dos 30-120 minutos (valores mínimos: 86±11 aos 120 minutos), contudo o IC (L/min/m2) reduziu-se aos 120 minutos (4,40±1,07). Comparado com a com a morfina, MET 1 causou maior e mais prolongada redução destes parâmetros (valores mínimos: 63±16 e 2,95±1,06 para FC e IC respectivamente); reducões intermediárias foram observadas com MET 0,5 (valores mínimos: 78±9 e 3,72±0,81 para FC e IC respectivamente). O IRVS aumentou apenas após a administração de metadona, sendo a MET 1 produziu maior aumento que MET 0,5 (valores máximos: 3192±882 e 2178±588 para MET 1 e MET 0,5 respectivamente) A morfina aumento a POAP (mmHg) após cinco minutos (12±4) enquanto ...
Abstract: Few controlled studies have been reported on the use methadone in small animals. In this study, the cardio-respiratory effects of methadone and morphine were compared in six conscious mongrel dogs. On the study day, the dogs (16.4±2.8 kg) were instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring under isoflurane anesthesia, allowing at least 60 min from termination of inhalant anesthesia before commencing data collection. Morphine (1 mg/kg) or two different doses of methadone (0.5 mg/kg [MET0.5] or 1.0 mg/kg [MET1]) were administered intravenously over 1 min in a randomized crossover design (minimum washout period: 1-week). Variables were recorded before (baseline), and for 120 min after drug administration. A split plot design model compared cardiopulmonary data (mean±SD) (p<0.05). Because of marked increases in SVRI (dynes•seg/cm5/m2) after morphine (353% increase from baseline at 5 min, one animal tested positive for an outlier detection test (Grubbs' test) and was not included in the statistical analysis for hemodynamic data. Baseline variables did not differ among treatments. Morphine reduced HR (beats/min) compared to baseline from 30-120 min (lowest value: 8611 at 120 min), while CI (L/min/m2) was reduced from baseline at 120 min (4.40±1.07). Compared to morphine, MET1 caused greater and more prolonged reductions in these parameters (lowest values: 63±16 and 2.95±1.06 for HR and CI, respectively), while intermediate reductions in HR and CI were observed after MET0.5 (lowest values: 78±9 and 3.72±0.81 for HR and CI, respectively). The SVRI was increased after methadone only, with MET1 producing a higher SVRI than MET0.5 (highest values: 3192±882 and 2178±588 for MET1 and MET0.5, respectively). Morphine increased PAOP (mm Hg) from baseline at 5 min (12±4), while this parameter remained increased from baseline for 90 and 120 min after MET0.5 (maximum increase: 163) and MET1.0 (maximum increase: 173), respectively.
Mestre
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Benge, Guy Jack Jr. "Partners in Crime: Federal Crime Control Policy and the States, 1894 – 1938." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162821110.
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Castro, Helena Salim de. "Policiamento transnacional : uma análise da cooperação entre Brasil e Bolívia no combate ao tráfico de drogas (2008-2012) /." São Paulo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150227.
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Orientador: Paulo José dos Reis PereiraBanca: Rafael Antônio Duarte Villa
Banca: Tomaz Oliveira Paoliello
Resumo: O tráfico internacional de drogas é uma das principais ameaças de segurança para os países da América do Sul, em especial o Brasil e a Bolívia. O país andino é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de cocaína e o território brasileiro se constitui como uma das principais rotas de trânsito para as drogas enviadas à Europa, bem como, é considerado o principal mercado consumidor para a cocaína boliviana. Na literatura ainda são poucos os trabalhos que abordam a relação entre os dois países no que concerne essa temática. Assim, o objetivo central desta pesquisa foi analisar o tipo de cooperação desenvolvida entre o Brasil e a Bolívia para o policiamento do combate ao tráfico de drogas. Nosso período de análise foi desde novembro de 2008, quando, após décadas de influência e ingerência norte-americana nas políticas antidrogas da Bolívia, a Drug Enforcement Admnistration (DEA) foi expulsa do território boliviano, o que gerou uma aproximação entre os governos brasileiro e boliviano, até o final de janeiro de 2012, quando foi estabelecido um acordo trilateral entre Bolívia, Brasil e Estados Unidos. Acordo que marcou o retorno da parceria entre o país andino e a superpotência, no que se refere o combate ao tráfico de drogas. Trabalhamos na pesquisa com o conceito de cooperação para o policiamento, pois observamos as operações realizadas não são somente pelas agências policiais, mas, inclusive, aquelas desenvolvidas entre as Forças Armadas. Analisamos algumas questões presentes no processo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: International drug trafficking is one of the main security threats to the countries of South America, especially Brazil and Bolivia. The Andean country is the third largest cocaine producer in the world and the Brazilian territory is one of the main transit routes for drugs sent to Europe, as well as being considered the main consumer market for Bolivian cocaine. In the literature there are still few studies that deal with the relationship between the two countries concerning this issue. So, the main objective of this research was to analyze the type of cooperation developed between Brazil and Bolivia for policing the fight against drug trafficking. Our period of analysis has been since November 2008, when, after decades of US influence and interference in Bolivia's anti-drug policies, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was expelled from Bolivian territory, which led to an approximation between the Brazilian and Bolivian governments, until the end of January 2012, when a trilateral agreement was signed between Bolivia, Brazil and the United States. This agreement marked the return of the partnership between the Andean country and the superpower, as it relates to combating drug trafficking. We work in the research with the concept of cooperation for policing, because we observe the operations carried out not only by the police agencies, but also those developed among the Armed Forces. We analyzed some issues in the policing process, such as the expansion of actors involved in drug control and repression activities, their autonomy in the development of cooperation and the asymmetry of power between the bilateral relationship, which have helped our central objective. We concluded that, unlike Bolivia-US cooperation, Brazil and Bolivia established, over the years 2008-2012, a bilateral cooperation for policing, with respect for territorial sovereignty and respect of each country's anti-drug policies.
Mestre
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Jiggens, John Lawrence. "Marijuana Australiana : cannabis use, popular culture and the Americanisation of drugs policy in Australia, 1938-1988." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15949/1/John_Jiggens_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The word 'marijuana' was introduced to Australia by the US Bureau of Narcotics via the Diggers newspaper, Smith's Weekly, in 1938. Marijuana was said to be 'a new drug that maddens victims' and it was sensationally described as an 'evil sex drug'. The resulting tabloid furore saw the plant cannabis sativa banned in Australia, even though cannabis had been a well-known and widely used drug in Australia for many decades. In 1964, a massive infestation of wild cannabis was found growing along a stretch of the Hunter River between Singleton and Maitland in New South Wales. The explosion in Australian marijuana use began there. It was fuelled after 1967 by US soldiers on rest and recreation leave from Vietnam. It was the Baby-Boomer young who were turning on. Pot smoking was overwhelmingly associated with the generation born in the decade after the Second World War. As the conflict over the Vietnam War raged in Australia, it provoked intense generational conflict between the Baby-Boomers and older generations. Just as in the US, pot was adopted by Australian Baby-Boomers as their symbol; and, as in the US, the attack on pot users served as code for an attack on the young, the Left, and the alternative. In 1976, the 'War on Drugs' began in earnest in Australia with paramilitary attacks on the hippie colonies at Cedar Bay in Queensland and Tuntable Falls in New South Wales. It was a time of increasing US style prohibition characterised by 'tough-on-drugs' right-wing rhetoric, police crackdowns, numerous murders, and a marijuana drought followed quickly by a heroin plague; in short by a massive worsening of 'the drug problem'. During this decade, organised crime moved into the pot scene and the price of pot skyrocketed, reaching $450 an ounce in 1988. Thanks to the Americanisation of drugs policy, the black market made 'a killing'. In Marijuana Australiana I argue that the 'War on Drugs' developed -- not for health reasons -- but for reasons of social control; as a domestic counter-revolution against the Whitlamite, Baby-Boomer generation by older Nixonite Drug War warriors like Queensland Premier, Bjelke-Petersen. It was a misuse of drugs policy which greatly worsened drug problems, bringing with it American-style organised crime. As the subtitle suggests, Marijuana Australiana relies significantly on 'alternative' sources, and I trawl the waters of popular culture, looking for songs, posters, comics and underground magazines to produce an 'underground' history of cannabis in Australia. This 'pop' approach is balanced with a hard-edged, quantitative analysis of the size of the marijuana market, the movement of price, and the seizure figures in the section called 'History By Numbers'. As Alfred McCoy notes, we need to understand drugs as commodities. It is only through a detailed understanding of the drug trade that the deeper secrets of this underground world can be revealed. In this section, I present an economic history of the cannabis market and formulate three laws of the market.
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Jiggens, John Lawrence. "Marijuana Australiana: Cannabis use, popular culture and the Americanisation of drugs policy in Australia, 1938-1988." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15949/.
Full textAbstract:
The word 'marijuana' was introduced to Australia by the US Bureau of Narcotics via the Diggers newspaper, Smith's Weekly, in 1938. Marijuana was said to be 'a new drug that maddens victims' and it was sensationally described as an 'evil sex drug'. The resulting tabloid furore saw the plant cannabis sativa banned in Australia, even though cannabis had been a well-known and widely used drug in Australia for many decades. In 1964, a massive infestation of wild cannabis was found growing along a stretch of the Hunter River between Singleton and Maitland in New South Wales. The explosion in Australian marijuana use began there. It was fuelled after 1967 by US soldiers on rest and recreation leave from Vietnam. It was the Baby-Boomer young who were turning on. Pot smoking was overwhelmingly associated with the generation born in the decade after the Second World War. As the conflict over the Vietnam War raged in Australia, it provoked intense generational conflict between the Baby-Boomers and older generations. Just as in the US, pot was adopted by Australian Baby-Boomers as their symbol; and, as in the US, the attack on pot users served as code for an attack on the young, the Left, and the alternative. In 1976, the 'War on Drugs' began in earnest in Australia with paramilitary attacks on the hippie colonies at Cedar Bay in Queensland and Tuntable Falls in New South Wales. It was a time of increasing US style prohibition characterised by 'tough-on-drugs' right-wing rhetoric, police crackdowns, numerous murders, and a marijuana drought followed quickly by a heroin plague; in short by a massive worsening of 'the drug problem'. During this decade, organised crime moved into the pot scene and the price of pot skyrocketed, reaching $450 an ounce in 1988. Thanks to the Americanisation of drugs policy, the black market made 'a killing'. In Marijuana Australiana I argue that the 'War on Drugs' developed -- not for health reasons -- but for reasons of social control; as a domestic counter-revolution against the Whitlamite, Baby-Boomer generation by older Nixonite Drug War warriors like Queensland Premier, Bjelke-Petersen. It was a misuse of drugs policy which greatly worsened drug problems, bringing with it American-style organised crime. As the subtitle suggests, Marijuana Australiana relies significantly on 'alternative' sources, and I trawl the waters of popular culture, looking for songs, posters, comics and underground magazines to produce an 'underground' history of cannabis in Australia. This 'pop' approach is balanced with a hard-edged, quantitative analysis of the size of the marijuana market, the movement of price, and the seizure figures in the section called 'History By Numbers'. As Alfred McCoy notes, we need to understand drugs as commodities. It is only through a detailed understanding of the drug trade that the deeper secrets of this underground world can be revealed. In this section, I present an economic history of the cannabis market and formulate three laws of the market.
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GRANGE, Aline. "Au-delà des traités communautaires? : l'européanisation des politiques sanitaires et sociales des drogues : diffusion et apprentissage autour de la notion de réduction des risques en France, en Italie et aux Pays-Bas." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5128.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 2 February 2004Examining board: Prof. Martin Rhodes, IUE (directeur de thèse) ; Prof. Adrienne Héritier, IUE/RSCAS ; Prof. Henri Bergeron, CNRS (Paris), Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies (Lisbonne) ; Prof. Renaud Dorandeu, Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Univ. R. Schuman (Strasbourg)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Shih, Chang-Tzuo, and 施昌祚. "The Policy and Mechanism of Taiwan''s Narcotics Hazard Control." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22144385331418568482.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
101
Till today (2012), Taiwan is still endangered by narcotic drugs, from opium, heroin, and amphetamines in earlier years to ecstasy, ketamine, and other emerging drugs in recent years. Due to their widespread in the Taiwanese society, in order to reduce the internal problem of drug abuse that has surfaced in Taiwan, drug-related hazard control has become the issue the relevant authorities have to face. In this study, with the policy and mechanism of narcotics hazard control as the basis, the document analysis method was adopted to explore the development of Taiwan’s drug prevention and the current implementation of the existing laws and regulations, as well as the condition of drug related crimes, with the hope of finding the most suitable drug prevention method,thereby effectively reducing the endangerment of drugs to our country. Through data collection and compilation, it was found that Taiwan’s overall anti-drug strategic goals have failed to combine the core of the policies and legal norms. On the other hand, despite the local units’ implementation of multiple anti-drug mechanisms over the past decades, the central government did not assign people in charge of drug clearance, nor did it set up special drug prevention units. On top of that, the implementation of the related policies failed to significantly reduce the dangers of drugs. Therefore, the purpose of the development of drug control policies and mechanisms is to reduce the endangerment of drugs to our country, while the integrity of the policies and the degree of implementation of the related mechanisms rely on whether or not the ruling party takes the severity of drug endangerment seriously. Only by engaging in compressive thinking of how to develop drug prevention policies and mechanisms and specific implementation can Taiwan be transformed into a “drug-free homeland.
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Backman, Chantal. "Barriers and bridges to infection prevention and control in the Netherlands and Canada: two comparative case studies." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1818.
Full textAbstract:
The overall aim of this research was to explore why some hospitals are more successful than others at reducing the acquisition rates of multidrug-resistant organisms. Using a socio-ecological perspective on health systems adapted from works in ecological restoration, ecosystems management, and healthcare, a participatory comparative case study design was employed. The study was collaboratively conducted on a surgical unit at a Netherlands hospital with very low rates of multidrug-resistant organisms and a surgical unit in a Canadian hospital with higher rates of these pathogens. The cases were selected on the basis that they were both academic health sciences centres of similar size in publicly funded systems; yet, they reported differing rates of MDRO infections. Research methods included a total of six unit observations, nine practitioner-led photo walkabouts of the units (n=13), six photo elicitation focus groups with practitioners (n=26), and the review of relevant policies and procedures and related infection prevention and control data.
Common findings across both cases include the perceived importance of engaged leadership, the presence of environmental design issues, a lack of antibiotic prescribing restrictions, and the frequent use of workarounds that may be problematic for infection prevention and control. Disparate findings between cases include differences in ratios of hospital beds per capita, bed occupancy rates, staffing practices, equipment cleaning processes, bed cleaning systems (centralized versus manual) and the presence, in one hospital, of an active grass roots Hygiene in Practice group engaging practitioners in several ongoing activities to promote infection prevention and control. There is a lack of comparable findings between the two cases on hand hygiene audit protocols, surveillance strategies, reporting of acquisition rates, and the nature and extent of high risk populations for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the two hospitals catchment areas. The findings and methodological challenges identified in this study suggest that case selection in future comparative infection prevention and control case studies should be based on an expanded list of criteria. These criteria should include comparable audits, surveillance, and reporting practices and comparable demographic and other relevant data, such as data on the agricultural practices within and demographic attributes of vulnerable populations within the hospital catchment areas.
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Masenya, Siyabonga. "Institutional responses to the illegal narcotic trade in West Africa." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25690.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (International Relations), 2017The trafficking of illegal narcotics on the African continent and into West Africa has resulted in human insecurity and state insecurity in the region. Furthermore, it has helped facilitate shadow economies such as the illegal trade in fire arms and human trafficking within the region deteriorating law and order, judicial enforcement, and political institutions in these countries. The West African region serves as a transit point in the distribution of narcotics to Europe from Latin America and has increasingly become a destination in drug trafficking. Various national, regional, and international strategies have been undertaken in combating this perceived scourge. The African Union, European Union, United Nations, and West African states themselves have all provided frameworks in combating drug trafficking in Africa. Despite these various strategies drug trafficking still thrives in West Africa. This thesis will assess one of these strategies that being the West African Coast Initiative (WACI). This thesis attempts to outline the various reasons for the growing importance of West Africa in the regional and international drug trade whilst assessing the impact WACI has had in dealing with the drug trade in West Africa. The reason the paper seeks to assess the effectiveness of the West African Coast Initiative is to highlight the obstacles and challenges the strategy has faced over the last eight years of its existence, to make recommendations in this regard, and to identify specific shortcomings in African institutional efforts in engaging with threats that exist outside the state
XL2018
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Burhanzoi, Ajmal S. "A decade of clarity or confusion? : an empirical study of the causal relationships between the US counter-insurgency and counter-narcotics policies in Afghanistan." 2012. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1666206.
Full text
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Pereira, Mónica Susana Vasco. "Mecanismos de controlo societário: evidência empírica em cinco países europeus." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14081.
Full textAbstract:
Classificação JEL: G30, G34, M42Ao longo das últimas décadas, os mecanismos do Governo Societário têm sido utilizados como método para alcançar vantagens competitivas face ao crescente dinamismo dos mercados. Assim, definiu-se como principal objetivo descrever de que forma os diversos mecanismos de controlo societário, influenciam o desempenho das empresas de cinco países Europeus, integradas nos principais índices da Euronext e também ao principal índice espanhol (IBEX35), no ano de 2014. Esta investigação tem ainda como objetivos caracterizar os mecanismos de controlo societário e o seu impacto no desempenho empresarial. Para concretizar estes objetivos recorre-se, em primeiro lugar, à análise descritiva e, posteriormente, á análise de regressão linear múltipla. O desempenho empresarial apresenta uma relação negativa com a Dimensão do Conselho de Administração, com a Dualidade do CEO e com a Concentração do Direito de Voto. Contrariamente, a relação é positiva com a Independência do Conselho de Administração e com a Presença de Mulheres no Conselho de Administração. Não apresenta correlações estatisticamente significativas com a Qualidade do Auditor. É ainda de sublinhar que quando a amostra é dividida em dois grupos de países diferentes, as variáveis Turnover, Market Value, Tamanho do Conselho de Administração, Dualidade do CEO e Presença de Mulheres no Conselho de Administração, não convergem.
Over the last decades, Corporate Governance (CG) mechanisms have been used as key companies’ drivers towards competitive advantages achievements, in the scope of increasingly complex and dynamic markets. Thus, this research aims to identify whether different corporate control mechanisms impact on performance and profitability of the companies listed in five European exchange markets, in particular the Euronext and the main Spanish Index (IBEX 35), for the economic year 2014. Furthermore, it also aims to describe those corporate control mechanisms, associating them with businesses’ performance. In order to achieve those goals, it was followed, in a first step, a descriptive analysis and, afterwards, the use of multiple linear regressions. Broadly, businesses’ performance evidences a negative correlation with the size of the Board of Directors, with the Duality of CEO, and with the Voting Rights Concentration. In contrast, the relationship is positive when we consider the Independence of the Board and the proportion of Women's in the Board of Directors. Within this research, we didn´t find a statistically significant correlation between performance and the independent variable Auditor Quality. It is also relevant to underline that when the sample is split into two different groups of countries, the distribution of Turnover, Market Value, Board Size, CEO Duality, and Women's Presence on the Board, is not convergent.