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1
Hill, C. S. "Narcotics and Cancer Pain Control." CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 38, no. 6 (November 1, 1988): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.38.6.322.
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Enck, Robert E. "Transdermal narcotics for pain control." American Journal of Hospice Care 7, no. 4 (July 1990): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104990919000700403.
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Adler, G. R. "Narcotics control in anesthesia training." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 21 (June 7, 1985): 3133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.253.21.3133.
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Adler, Gerald R. "Narcotics Control in Anesthesia Training." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 21 (June 7, 1985): 3133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350450105031.
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Baumevieille, Marie, Amélie Daveluy, Catherine Maurain, Bernard Bégaud, and Françoise Haramburu. "Medicines submitted to narcotics regulations in France, 1992-2007." Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 23, no. 3 (June 2009): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00678.x.
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Trisna, Wessy, Marianne Magda, Syarifah Lisa Andriati, and Faradila Yulistari Sitepu. "Legal Counseling in Increasing Public Understanding as an Effort to Prevent Narcotics Crime in Bantan Timur Village." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v6i2.5052.
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The increasing abuse of Narcotics in Indonesia is increasingly widespread and almost impossible to prevent. Therefore, it is necessary to increase understanding by all parties in eradicating the circulation of Narcotics. In the Narcotics Criminal Act emphasized the role of the community to actively participate in fighting narcotics crimes. For this reason, it is necessary to provide legal counseling to the public in providing an understanding as an effort to prevent narcotics crime, especially in Bantan Timur Village, Medan Tembung District, so that the public can understand how terrible and dangerous it is due to narcotics abuse. Community service is expected to contribute to the people of Bantan Timur Village both theoretically and practically in preventing the rampant circulation of narcotics. The approach method used in community service activities is: in the form of outreach to the community about prevention of narcotics control and a participatory approach, meaning that participants are required to be active in participating during the activity. The output of this activity, in addition to increasing public knowledge about the dangers of narcotics and efforts to prevent narcotics control in East Bintan Village, also provides valuable information and solutions that drugs, apart from having an impact on law violations, also have an impact on medical and psychological problems.
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McGregor, Alan. "geneva Swiss reject state control of narcotics." Lancet 352, no. 9143 (December 1998): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79907-4.
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Gardner, Vincent, Lindsay Sturm, and Vanessa K. Pazdernik. "Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Local Anesthetic in Postoperative Abdominoplasty Patients on Pain Control." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 37, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748806819894185.
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The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block provides analgesia to the parietal peritoneum as well as the skin and muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. These same muscles and skin are operated on during an abdominoplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of the TAP block will lead to reduced use of narcotics during the acute postoperative (PO) period (PO day 1 and PO 1 week). The study used a prospective, comparative design. Twenty women between 25 and 65 years of age who underwent abdominoplasty with core liposuction were recruited to participate in this study. All women were given the same PO pain medication Percocet 7.5/325 mg (1-2 tabs by mouth Q4-6 hours PRN pain #20) and Valium 2 mg (1-3 tabs by mouth Q4-6 hours PRN pain #40) at the time of surgery. The women were randomly divided into 2 groups: 10 women received local anesthetic infiltrated along the rectus plication and along the edges of the incision and 10 women received a TAP block (15 cc of 0.25% Bupivacaine with 8 mg of Decadron per side) placed under ultrasound guidance prior to the start of the procedure in conjunction with the local anesthetic along the rectus plication. Each woman was asked to record the number of narcotic pills consumed during the first 24 hours and during the first week. Data from the 2 groups were compared to determine the number of narcotics consumed during the acute PO period. The mean age of participants was 43.8 years (range: 31-63 years) in the treatment group and 38.8 years (range: 26-56 years) in the control group. The mean number of narcotics used during the first 24 hours in the treatment group was 1.95 (1.5) pills, with several women requiring no narcotics within the first 24 hours. The mean number of narcotics used during the first 24 hours in the control group was 4.6 (2.3) pills. The mean number of narcotics used during the first PO week in the treatment group was 7.15 (7.26) pills, with several women requiring no narcotics during the first PO week. The mean number of narcotics used during the first PO week in the control group was 18.7 (7.7), with 1 woman requiring 38 narcotic pills during that first PO week. Statistically significant differences were found between groups ( P = .006) at 24 hours PO and ( P = .01) at 1 week. Our results suggested that receiving a TAP block prior to the start of the procedure significantly reduced the number of narcotics used during the acute PO period.
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van Wert, James M. "The US State Department's Narcotics Control Policy in the Americas." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 2-3 (1988): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165977.
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Governments, Like People, Function in ways that enhance their perceived self-interest. Effective narcotics control is in the best interest of the United States for at least three reasons.First, reducing the available supply of illicit narcotics (potentially) can reduce the incidence and prevalence of abuse by US citizens. For example, by making drugs relatively hard to find and expensive to use, supply-reduction efforts might successfully discourage potential users from experimenting with drugs and risking future chronic, intensive involvement. Moreover, it can be argued that control measures may be an important deterrent in motivating current drug users to seek treatment and find gainful employment (Moore, 1988).Second, reducing the supply of illicit narcotics may reduce the level of organized crime and lawlessness in the United States. An effective supply reduction program presumably can bring success in stopping trafficking organizations from supplying illegal goods and services; seizing their ill-gotten wealth; punishing their acts; prosecuting them for corrupt practices; and weakening or eliminating these groups as threatening criminal enterprises.
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Alin, Failin. "PELAKSANAAN PENYIDIKAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DI SATUAN NARKOTIKA POLRES BUKITTINGGI." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 5, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.33760/jch.v5i2.232.
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Drugs, on one hand are materials used in the field of medicine, health service and the development of science that on the other hand can also affects a detrimental dependency if misused or used without control and supervision. After the enactment of Law Number 35 Year 2009 Concerning Narcotics, all actions that export, import, produce, plant, store, distribute and / or use narcotics and their sanctions are regulated therein which aims to tackle and eradicate these criminal acts. The use of narcotics without strict and thorough control and supervision is very detrimental and constitutes a huge danger to the lives of people, the community, the nation, and the State as well as Indonesia's national security. When seen in Bukittinggi Police Station from year to year the number of narcotics offenders increased and overall the case documents already complete (P21). The investigation of narcotics crime in Bukittinggi Police has been running according to the rules, which is based on the Criminal Procedural Law, however the implementation has not been effective because there are remain obstacles in the implementation of investigation.
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Muhammad Jamal, Irwansyah. "The Early Preventive Effort of Narcotic Abuse at Senior High School (SMA) In Aceh Besar And Sabang (A study according to Islamic law)." SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.6764.
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Efforts to prevent narcotics abuse, especially for teenagers, are very necessary. bearing in mind the conditions in Indonesian society, the use of narcotics is not only committed by adults, but it’s also practiced by teenagers who are schooling. Thus, protecting young people who are still in school-age becomes an obligation that cannot be abandoned, both individuals and society. On the one hand, a lot of thoughts and efforts have been made related to the prevention of narcotics, starting from the national program that forms a special agency to deal with narcotics (National Narcotics Agency) to non-governmental organizations. However, narcotics abuse still occurs in the community, including among students. Therefore, preventive action is needed to break narcotics abuse, especially in the school environment. The High Schools in Aceh, especially Aceh Besar and Sabang, have made some efforts, such as a. urine test; b. counseling/guidance and c. school rules and regulations. These efforts have had a positive impact on students. However, environmental conditions may influence them to trap in narcotics abuse, in case if the control from the various community is not done. These prevention efforts, according to Islamic law are part of amar ma'ruf nahi mungkar.
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De Ornay, Charles Ferguson Lagaribu, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and I. Nyoman Gede Sugiartha. "Penegakan Hukum oleh Aparat Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dalam Menanggulangi Penyelundupan Narkotika." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.3.1.4231.35-39.
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A criminal act is a form of violation of the norms contained in the law and is considered a criminal penalty. The law becomes a social control for the community, so as not to commit acts that deviate from the provisions of positive law in Indonesia which have been regulated in the law. The rule of law is a society with a life regulated by law that must be obeyed and obeyed by the community and its law enforcement officers. The purpose of this study is to understand the Forms of Law Enforcement by Correctional Apparatuses in Overcoming Narcotics Smuggling in Prisons and to analyze the Barriers of Correctional Apparatuses in Overcoming Narcotics Smuggling in Prisons. This research was conducted using a normative research type. Regulations on Narcotics can be seen in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections. Narcotics regulation is made as a form of effort in the field of criminal law from the government, especially in terms of eradicating narcotics crimes and preventing narcotics smuggling in Indonesia.
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Subantara, I. Made, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Rehabilitasi terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Bali." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.1.1992.243-248.
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Narcotics continues to be produced at this time in addition to medicine as well as for the development of scientific studies. Narcotics, on the one hand, is a drug or substance that is useful in the field of medicine or health services and scientific development, on the other hand, it can lead to dependence and cause harm if it is not used properly and without strict and careful control and supervision. When used irregularly according to dosages, it can be physically and mentally damaging for those who use it to become dependent. This study aims to determine the procedures for implementing rehabilitation of victims of narcotics abuse and the obstacles faced by the National Narcotics Agency of Bali Province in rehabilitating narcotics abuse at the National Narcotics Agency of Bali Province. This research uses the normative method because there are still vague norms, based on the opinion of the undergraduate law and law.
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Fox, William J., and Thomas A. Hughes. "Use of Intercostal Bupivacaine With Epinephrine After Surgery to Decrease Use of Narcotics and Duration of Intubation." American Journal of Critical Care 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2002.11.5.433.
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• Background Postoperative pain plays a significant part in the recovery of patients after open heart surgery. • Objective To determine if the use of intercostal bupivacaine with epinephrine is associated with decreases in use of narcotics and intubation times after open heart surgery. • Methods A randomly selected experimental group of 25 patients received injections of bupivacaine with epinephrine in the intercostal tissues before chest closure in open heart surgery. A control group of 22 patients received no bupivacaine, only standard care. Postoperative use of narcotics and intubation times were determined for both groups. • Results Compared with the control group, the group given bupivacaine with epinephrine used significantly less narcotics (P = .008) and had significantly shorter intubation times (P = .003). • Conclusion Injection of intercostal bupivacaine with epinephrine before chest closure in open heart surgery decreases use of narcotics and length of intubation postoperatively, thus speeding up recovery times.
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Daveluy, Amélie, Lucie Sauvaget, Angela Bastien, Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Cédric Collin, Nathalie Richard, and Françoise Haramburu. "Tamper-resistant prescription forms for narcotics in France: Should we generalize them?" Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 32, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12368.
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Sipahutar, Hadijah, Rifka Hadia Lubis, and Fauziah Nur Simamora. "SOSIALISASI PENCEGAHAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DI DESA GUNUNG KELAMBU KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH." COVIT (Community Service of Health) 2, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/covit.v2i2.4115.
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Circulation and abuse of drugs is one of the national problems that is considered serious by the government, because it can cause damage to the nation's morale. Therefore, the government pays great attention to the handling of drug abuse. In our country, the problem of widespread drug abuse is increasing. The domino effect resulting from drug abuse is also increasingly diverse, and efforts to overcome drug abuse are steps that are not easy to implement. Abusers are people who use Narcotics without rights or against the law. When a person abuses Narcotics continuously, then that person will be in a state of dependence on Narcotics, both physically and psychologically. Narcotics dependence is a condition characterized by an urge to use Narcotics continuously with increasing doses to produce the same effect and when its use is reduced and/or stopped suddenly, it causes characteristic physical and psychological symptoms. Society has an important role in preventing and overcoming drug abuse. For this reason, community leaders can carry out the following things: Understand the problem of drug abuse, prevention and control. Observe the situation and environmental conditions. Galang community potentials that can help implement the prevention, especially parents, teenagers, schools, social organizations in the community in Indonesia. around the environment. Direct, encourage and control the movement of the community.
Keywords: Narcotics, Prevention.
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Kinder, Douglas Clark. "Shutting Out the Evil: Nativism and Narcotics Control in the United States." Journal of Policy History 3, no. 4 (October 1991): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007454.
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The general public in the United States has been inundated during the 1980s and early 1990s with information about narcotics abuse, trafficking, and control. From journalists, politicians, law enforcement officials, and the medical community, the American populace ascertained that illicit drug use and trading have recently become among the nation's most intractable problems. Repeatedly, those sources reported that the consumption of cocaine, especially “crack”, had reached epidemic proportions, that drug-related violence overran the country's major cities, that youths should (according to First Lady Nancy Reagan) “just say no” to the purveyors of addictive substances, and that Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush had declared war on drugs. Americans learned too that only partial gains had been made against narcotics abuse and trafficking. Such a realization proved difficult for them to fathom following the 1988 presidential election campaign with its antidrug rhetoric, after the enactment by Congress of the Omnibus Drug Act of 1988 (which created a cabinet level “drug czar”—the director of the office of National Drug Control Policy in the Executive Office of the President), and given the stormy two-year tenure of William Bennett in that post. Of greater concern by 1991, evaluations of the nation's antinarcotics endeavors by the press, government authorities, and other informed observers indicated that the fundamental strategy of drug control was in dispute. Notwithstanding compelling arguments which insisted that the narcotics problem would continue until the domestic demand for drugs ended, federal government efforts have generally sought to eliminate foreign narcotics production and the smuggling of those substances into the United States.
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Simangunsong, Frans. "CRIMINAL POLICY IN CHILDREN'S CONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AS A NARCOTIC CRIMINAL ACTION PERSON." UNTAG Law Review 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/ulrev.v2i2.921.
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Cases of narcotics abuse are increasing. This is evidenced by the almost<br />daily press reports from newspapers and electronic media about smuggling, illegal<br />trade, arrests and detention related to the problem of narcotics abuse. The purpose of<br />narcotics abuse is a deviant or accidental use of narcotics. So the act violates the law and<br />is threatened with criminality. Criminal policy in an effort to control children as<br />perpetrators of narcotics crimes. Threats of imprisonment that can be imposed on<br />children no later than 1/2 (one half) from the maximum threat of imprisonment for<br />adults. This means that the criminal threat for children who become narcotics couriers is<br />half of the criminal threats contained in the Narcotics Law. For children who become<br />couriers or narcotics brokers, they must be based on the mechanism stipulated in the<br />Child Protection Act and the Juvenile Justice System Law. Law enforcement for<br />perpetrators who are still under age, there is a special provision called diversion, namely<br />the transfer of settlement of child cases from criminal justice processes to processes<br />outside of criminal justice
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INDRIANI, Eviera Riza, and Abdul MADJID. "The Legalization Of Medical Cannabis: A Comparative Approach Of The Thai Narcotics Act B.E.2522 (1979)." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 3, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v3i3.262.
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Based on Appendix I, point 8 of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, Cannabis is classified as Schedule I narcotics. Referring to Article 7 of Law 3 of 2009, narcotics other than Schedule I can be used to benefit health services and the development of science and technology. Meanwhile, narcotics from Schedule I can only be used to develop science and technology. Thus, Cannabis can only be used for the development of science and technology with the permission of the Minister of Health and the recommendation of the Head of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM). This study compares favorable laws regarding narcotics, especially Cannabis, which is regulated in the law of Indonesia and Thailand. This study also explores the regulation of Cannabis as an alternative in the future in Indonesia. In normative law research, statutory and comparative approaches compare the Narcotics Laws in Indonesia and Thailand. Cannabis is not included in the Narcotics class that can be used for health since it is classified as Schedule I. On the official website of the Royal Gazette, it was announced that Thailand had legalized the use of Cannabis as a medical alternative. It will be legalized 120 days after the announcement is made.
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Perl, Raphael Francis. "Congress, International Narcotics Policy, and the Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1988." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 2-3 (1988): 19–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165978.
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The Congress of The United States exerts greater influence over foreign policy than do its counterparts in other nations. This influence extends to formulation of US policy regarding control of the international narcotics trade, a subject on which the Congress has chosen to assume a leading role. The formal policymaking role of the Congress in this area is embodied in legislation on international narcotics (including appropriation of funds) and in oversight. The Congress also exercises its influence in an informal way through consultation, unofficial advice, public education, and legislative prodding in the drafting and conduct of that policy.The congressional role in narcotics policymaking is notably affected by its committee structure, in which numerous committees may exercise some degree of jurisdiction over narcotics-related issues. As a result, not only has there been widespread involvement of the Congress in formulating narcotics policy, but there has also been considerable fragmentation of that policy as congressional initiatives have been compartmentalized within the jurisdictional domains of various committees.
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Failin, Failin. "PELAKSANAAN PENYIDIKAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DI SATUAN NARKOTIKA POLRES BUKITTINGGI." Ensiklopedia Sosial Review 2, no. 3 (February 18, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/esr.v2i3.629.
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Drugs on the one hand are drugs or materials used in the field of medicine or health care and development of science and on the other can also cause a very harmful dependence when abused or used Without strict and careful control and supervision. With the birth of Law No. 35 year 2009 concerning narcotics, all actions that export, import, produce, plant, store, circulate and or use narcotics and its sankations have been governed therein To mitigate and eradicate such crimes. The use of narcotics without strict control and supervision is very detrimental and is a huge danger to the human life, society, nation, and state and national resilience of Indonesia. When order in Bukittinggi police from year to year the figure of narcotic criminal offence increased, overall the case reached level P 21. So the implementation of narcotics investigation in Bukittinggi police is now running according to the rules, namely based on KUHAP, but the implementation is not effective because in this case still found inhibitory factors Implementation of the investigation, so that the implementation of effective investigation is not implemented.
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Aminuddin, Fattachul Huda, Lailyn Puad, and Elzas Elzas. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Aplikasi Rehabilitasi (SIREHAB) dalam Pengelolaan dan Pengendalian Pecandu Narkotika dengan Menerapkan Metode Agile Software Development di Wilayah POLDA Jambi." Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) 3, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bits.v3i4.1393.
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Drug abuse is currently a very serious threat to the current generation. The current danger of drugs is so terrible that the government has to deal with drug abuse and drug addicts by means of rehabilitation. The National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, in particular the Directorate of Drugs and the Jambi Regional Police, based on the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations, regarding rehabilitation and narcotics addicts have an obligation to carry out a rehabilitation program. However, nationally, especially in Jambi Province, there is currently no reporting system on the management and control of narcotics addicts data online while based on 2021 data, the data on narcotics addicts is quite high, so it requires a system for monitoring the rehabilitation data for narcotics addicts to make it easier to monitor. its existence. In order to overcome the existing problems, the author wants to help and make it easier by designing and building an information system for the rehabilitation of narcotics addicts in the Jambi Regional Police area using the agile software development method. The purpose of building a system using this method is to assist and facilitate the management and control of narcotics addicts in the Jambi Regional Police by involving maximum involvement of stakeholders and related parties, especially the Narcotics Directorate and Jambi Regional Police so that the use of applications is more adaptive and can be developed more widely. more in responding to the challenges and changes that exist. The result of this research is that the system development is carried out using the agile software development method using six stages, namely meetings (meeting), planning (plan), design (develop), testing (test), and evaluation (evaluation). Based on the results of system testing carried out using black box testing, the system was as expected
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Barnard, David. "World Health Organization Guidelines for National Narcotics Control Policies." Journal of Palliative Medicine 5, no. 4 (August 2002): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/109662102760269869.
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Du Pen, S. L. "AFTER EPIDURAL NARCOTICS - WHAT NEXT FOR CANCER PAIN CONTROL?" Anesthesia & Analgesia 66, Supplement (February 1987): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-198702001-00046.
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Su, Xiaobo. "Development intervention and transnational narcotics control in northern Myanmar." Geoforum 68 (January 2016): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.11.012.
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Laila, Marwansyah. "The Role Of The Medan Police In Law Enforcement Of Criminal Acts Of Narcotics." Journal of Law Science 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v3i4.1689.
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Narcotics are needed by humans for treatment so that to meet the needs in the field of medicine and scientific studies, a continuous production of narcotics is needed for these sufferers. On the basis of considering Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, it is stated that narcotics on the one hand are drugs or materials that are useful in the field of treatment or health services and the development of science and on the other hand can also cause dependence which is very detrimental if misused or used without strict control and supervision. The problem in this research is how to tackle and eradicate narcotics crime? What are the efforts of the Medan Police in overcoming and eradicating narcotics crimes? What are the Obstacles in the Countermeasures and Eradication of Narcotics Crimes at the Medan Police? This research is descriptive in nature, which aims to describe exactly what the characteristics of an individual, condition, symptom, or group are, or to determine the spread of a symptom, or to determine whether there is a relationship between a symptom and other symptoms in society. Efforts to overcome and eradicate narcotics crimes within the jurisdiction of the Medan City Police are carried out through non-penal policies and penal policies. Non-penal policies are carried out through preventive and preemptive measures which are implemented through counseling, narcotics safaris, distribution of pamphlets and billboards as well as approaches to traditional and religious leaders as well as community development. This approach was carried out by the Medan City Police Resort in collaboration with BNN and experts through the perspectives of cultural anthropology, sociology, communication, psychology, healthy life education (public health science). The non-penal policy is aimed at children (including school-age youth) and the general public. Penal policies through law enforcement are also applied to police officers who make mistakes in disclosing narcotics cases. Obstacles in overcoming and eradicating narcotics crime in the jurisdiction of the Medan City Police Resort can be viewed from legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and facilities in law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. In general, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is more comprehensive in regulating the actions that can be taken to uncover narcotics networks. factors of facilities and facilities in law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. In general, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is more comprehensive in regulating the actions that can be taken to uncover narcotics networks. factors of facilities and facilities in law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. In general, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is more comprehensive in regulating the actions that can be taken to uncover narcotics networks.
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Naeem, Mohammed, Hala Al Alem, Ali Al Shehri, and Majed Al-Jeraisy. "Effect of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Dextromethorphan on Opioid Analgesia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit." Pain Research and Management 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1658172.
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Objective. Pain control is an essential goal in the management of critical children. Narcotics are the mainstay for pain control. Patients frequently need escalating doses of narcotics. In such cases an adjunctive therapy may be beneficial. Dextromethorphan (DM) is NMDA receptor antagonist and may prevent tolerance to narcotics; however, its definitive role is still unclear. We sought whether dextromethorphan addition could decrease the requirements of fentanyl to control pain in critical children.Design. Double-blind, randomized control trial (RCT).Setting. Pediatric multidisciplinary ICU in tertiary care center.Patients. Thirty-six pediatric patients 2–14 years of age in a multidisciplinary PICU requiring analgesia were randomized into dextromethorphan and placebo. The subjects in both groups showed similarity in most of the characteristics.Interventions. Subjects while receiving fentanyl for pain control received dextromethorphan or placebo through nasogastric/orogastric tubes for 96 hours. Pain was assessed using FLACC and faces scales.Measurements and Main Results. This study found no statistical significant difference in fentanyl requirements between subjects receiving dextromethorphan and those receiving placebo (p=0.127).Conclusions. Dextromethorphan has no effect on opioid requirement for control of acute pain in children admitted with acute critical care illness in PICU. The registration number for this trial isNCT01553435.
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Rizan, Okkita, Hamidah Hamidah, Delpiah Wahyuningsih, and Sarwindah Sarwindah. "Prisoner and Goods Control System Design Evidence Using MVC and UAT Models at the Provincial National Narcotics Agency." Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer) 11, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32736/sisfokom.v11i1.1380.
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In Indonesia, there is a special agency tasked with dealing with the misuse of prohibited goods, namely the National Narcotics Agency, abbreviated as BNN. Apart from being at the center, BNN is also at the provincial level. At the National Narcotics Agency, there is a section or section that has a special function to manage the supervision of prisoners and evidence in the form of narcotics. The problem is, the administrative process is still irregular, archives are difficult to find, and several other important things, which are certainly very influential for the next process and follow-up. This study aims to help design a system that can manage the process of monitoring prisoners and evidence. For the research method, the author uses a prototype model, Model View Controller (MVC), and User Acceptance Test (UAT). The results showed that the system can work well in assisting the process of monitoring prisoners and evidence with a percentage of 54.29% strongly agree and 64.00% agree with the developed system model.
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Suputra, I. Putu, A. A. Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Efektivitas Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.2.2444.98-103.
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Currently, drugs in Indonesia are very rampant. The negative impact caused is enormous. Supervision and control as an effort to eradicate and prevent the circulation of narcotics are indispensable for crimes in this field that continue to develop in terms of quality and quantity which lead to the destruction of the nation's new generation. This research was conducted with the aim of describing the application of sanctions against narcotics crimes in decision Number 564/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.DPS and the judge's consideration on the application of sanctions in the Narcotics Crime Decision in Decision Number 564 / Pid.Sus/2018/PN.DPS. This research used a normative legal research method. The results of this study indicated that the application of narcotics criminal sanctions, especially in decision number 564/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.DPS is in accordance with what is stipulated in Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics with various articles of bondage and strict laws in accordance with the evidence as evidence of the government's seriousness in providing a deterrent effect, safeguarding, overcoming, and saving or protecting a nation from the dangers of narcotics. In addition, the judge's consideration in making a decision on narcotics crime in decision number 564/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.DPS is in accordance with the evidence, where proof requires at least 2 (two) evidence to consider a fact that is in the trial and is assisted by a judge's decision who will later decide on a case.
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Sembiring, Hendra Bavo, Ediwarman Ediwarman, and Isnaini Isnaini. "Kajian Hukum Penanganan Anak Yang Melakukan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 5, no. 2 (November 10, 2022): 1334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v5i2.1378.
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The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the legal rules regarding the handling of children who commit criminal acts, the factors that cause narcotics abuse and the policies taken by the Directorate of Drug Investigation of the North Sumatra Regional Police in Handling children who abuse narcotics. This research relies on secondary data sources consisting of positive criminal law legislation in Indonesia, namely the Criminal Code, laws and regulations outside the Criminal Code relating to problems, the 2008 National Criminal Code Concept, the Child Criminal Justice System, various laws and regulations obtained from various countries as material for comparison as well as various opinions of legal experts that are closely related to this research. The results of the research state that the legal rules regarding the handling of children are regulated in the SPPA Law No. 11 of 2012, where in the law that the handling of children must prioritize the protection of children. The factors causing narcotics abuse by children in the Legal Area of the North Sumatra Regional Police are: lack of parental supervision, follow-up factors, intentionally being used by narcotics dealers, narcotics trafficking which is getting out of control until it is very close to the social environment of children. everyday life, as well as the lack of children's understanding of the dangers of narcotics. Policies for handling children who commit criminal acts of narcotics abuse in the North Sumatra Regional Police are guided by the SPPA Law No.11of2012.
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Padhye, Mukul, Suraj Pawar, Geetanjali Mandlik, Swapana Nayan, Maina Gite, P. Vinit, N. Aishwarya, and K. Shruti. "Efficacy of an Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Ayurvedic Medicine to Control Postoperative Pain." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2015): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1335.
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ABSTRACT Years ago, narcotics have been used as strong analgesics in relieving severe acute or chronic pain. However high dose of narcotics leads to many side-effects like respiratory depression, apnea, nausea, vomiting, physical and mental dependence, etc. Thus, narcotics along with other medicines known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being increasingly used. The biggest risk with NSAIDs is severe and sometimes fatal gastrointestinal bleeding, increase in stomach acid, reduce the stomach's normal protective mucus layer, cause damage to the kidneys in people over 60; those with high blood pressure, heart disease, or pre-existing kidney disease. Ayurvedic medicines strengthen and enhance the body's own healing process. As all the ingredients are herbal, there is no fear of any adverse effects and hence effective results can be seen in relieving pain. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the study drug in providing efficient and adequate pain relief after minor oral surgical procedures. How to cite this article Mandlik G, Nayan S, Gite M, Padhye M, Pawar S, Vinit P, Aishwarya N, Shruti K. Efficacy of an Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Ayurvedic Medicine to Control Postoperative Pain. World J Dent 2015;6(3):164-168.
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Payana, I. Made Dwi, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. "Penegakan Hukum terhadap Narapidana yang Melakukan Transaksi Narkotika di dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.1.1988.80-85.
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Narcotics transaction or narcotics distribution, especially in correctional institutions has been very widespread; this is the impact of the loss of control of the existing system. This condition has an impact on the formation of a negative view of the community on the implementation of law enforcement, especially in the prison environment. So the problem under study is how to regulate sanctions related to narcotics transactions that occur within prison and how enforcement against inmates conducting drug transactions in prison law. By using the empirical normative legal research method (mix method) whit primary data sourced from Class II Penitentiary Kerobokan. The results of the study showed that the regulation of sanctions for prisoners who carry out narcotics transactions in prisons, namely the threat of capital punishment, life imprisonment, maximum imprisonment of 20 years and a minimum of 5 years. Whereas law enforcement in correctional institutions, namely severe disciplinary penalties, entered into a register, handed down register F, all prisoners’ rights will be lost, and passed on to the competent authority. The government in this case is the Ministry of Law and Human Rights should always collaborate with the National Narcotics Agency by visiting prisons regularly or allegedly as a place for narcotics transactions or distribution. Then with regard to legislation products that are already in force it should be noted again.
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Raida, Sulasfiana Alfi, and Didi Nur Jamaludin. "The Effectiveness of Constructivist Learning Using Guided Discovery Models on The Concept of A Regulatory System for Curiosity and Anti-Narcotics Attitudes." THABIEA : JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHING 3, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/thabiea.v3i1.7023.
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<p>This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of constructivist learning using guided discovery models on the concept of a regulatory system for curiosity and anti-narcotics attitudes. This research used a quasi-experimental and pre-experimental design. The population was all of the 4th semester MIA classes of SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga which consists of seven classes. Samples were taken with a convenience sampling technique. MIA 2.4 and 5.4 as the experimental group and MIA 3.4 and 4.4 as the control group. The data in this research were collected by the scale of curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude. Data were analyzed with descriptive analyzed and t-test. The result showed as follows: there is a significant difference at the end of the curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude of constructivist learning using guided discovery model compared with direct instruction model learning; the average of student’s curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude score ≥ 3,00 on constructivist learning using guided discovery model. It is concluded that constructivist learning using a guided discovery model is effectively completed learning outcomes of the curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude on the regulatory system concept.</p>
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Hartawan, Boby. "Upaya Penanggulangan Terhadap Anggota Kepolisian Yang Terlibat Tindak Pidana Peredaran Narkotika (Studi Kasus Di Kepolisian Resort Kota Besar Medan)." Jurnal Hukum Kaidah: Media Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum dan Masyarakat 19, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 258–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jhk.v19i2.2443.
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Police officers who are supposed to be law enforcers commit acts that are contrary to the law for the benefit of the narcotics business.The problem in this thesis is how the factors underlying the occurrence of criminal acts of narcotics distribution by members of the police in Medan City Resort Police, how is the role of Medan City Resort Police in tackling narcotics abuse by the police in Medan City Resort Police, how can effort be made in overcoming criminal acts of narcotics distribution by unscrupulous members of the police and obstacles encountered in Medan City Resort Police.This research uses a descriptive method through an empirical juridical approach that is an approach to the problem, conducted by doing interviews by connecting with various aspects of law in terms of applicable regulation.The results showed that the role of Medan City Resort Police was to carry out law enforcement against individual members of Medan City Resort Police who had been proven to have committed a crime, especially narcotics through general courts.In addition to the general court of law for members of the police who commit crimes there will also be another addition, namely from the internal police itself in the form of law enforcement through the trial of the police code of ethics.Factors underlying the occurrence of criminal acts narcotics distribution by unscrupulous members of the police in Medan City Resort Police are mental, economic, and environmental factors. Economic factors are the dominant factors that cause impetus to commit drug trafficking crimes because by trafficking narcotics the result can be directly used to meet the needs of daily life. Efforts that can be made in tackling the crime of narcoticsdistribution by unscrupulous members of the police and the obstacle faced in Medan City Resort Police is to make efforts to overcome the Non Penal through pre-emptive, preventive efforts. This effort was made to prevent narcotics trafficking through direct control and supervision with the aim that the potential for crime would not develop into a factual threat. Another effort is to carry out legal proceedings if the police carry out criminal acts of narcotics abuse and distribution.Key-Words: Prevention, Circulation, Narcotics.
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Hasanah, Dwiatri Harjanti Uswatun, Tri Murtiati, and Sri Rahayu. "The Effect of Narcotics, Psychotropic, and Addictive Substance Counseling toward SMK Students’ Knowledge about Drug Abuse." BIOSFER: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI 7, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.7-2.2.
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Understanding about narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances is beneficial to prevent drugs abuse among students. One of the ways to provide knowledge about this topic may be done by counseling. This research was aimed to know the effect of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances counseling toward students’ knowledge about drug abuse. The study was conducted in SMK Negeri 34 Jakarta during May 2012 using an experimental method. Simulation method was performed in experimental class whether speech method was applied in control group. This research design was pretest-posttest control group using multiple choice knowledge test instrument. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Normality testing of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test and homogeneity testing of t-test showed a normal distribution and homogenous data. Meanwhile, hypothesis testing done by t-test at α = 0.05 result was –ttable < tcount < ttable at -3.23 < -0.67 < 2.03, meaning that there was no effect of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances counseling toward students’ knowledge about drugs abuse.
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Lele, Soumitra, Benjamin Childs, Isaac Fernandez, Michael S. Reich, and Mai P. Nguyen. "Schedule II Narcotics are often Unnecessary for Pain Control in Patients with Pelvic or Acetabular Fractures." Journal of Orthopaedic Business 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55576/job.v3i1.28.
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Objectives: Determine if patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures require scheduled II narcotics after discharge. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I Trauma Center Patients: 124 consecutive patients with operatively managed pelvic (OTA 61B or C) and acetabular fractures (OTA 62A, 62B or C) Intervention: A multimodal oral pain regimen was prescribed at discharge with schedule II narcotic only if needed for pain control. Main Outcome: Primary outcomes were defined as the need for schedule II narcotic at discharge or in follow up. Measurements: Prescription of narcotic on follow up or return to ER for inadequate pain control. Visual Analog Pain Scale score. Results: Ninety-two patients (74%) with adequate follow-up were included for the final analysis, including patients with 25 acetabular fractures, 50 pelvic fractures, and 17 combined injuries. Sixty-four patients (69.6%) were multiply-injured patients. Four (4.3%) patients were discharged with a Schedule II narcotic. Of the remaining patients (n=88), two (2.2%) required delayed prescription of a Schedule II narcotic after discharge and 5 (5.4%) presented to the ED for pain control. There were no readmissions for pain. Overall 81 of 92 (88.0%) patients had pain controlled without schedule II narcotics or ED presentation. The mean VAS pain score for all patients was 4.1±3.6 from 5 to 21 days, 3.2±3.4 at 22 to 60 days, and 2.7±3.3 at greater than 60 to 180 days after discharge, there was no significant difference between groups Conclusion: Multimodal pain control regimens without schedule II narcotics in the immediate postoperative follow-up period can be effective in managing pain in the majority of patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures. Level of Evidence: IV; case series Keywords: narcotics, pain control, acetabular fractures, pelvic fractures
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Suzuki, Tsutomu. "Drug delivery system in pain control Pharmacological characteristics of narcotics." Drug Delivery System 20, no. 5 (2005): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.20.505.
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Sokolenko, L. V., T. M. Sokolenko, Yu L. Yagupolskii, V. I. Kalchenko, Yu V. Veresenko, O. V. Nenia, Yu D. Kuchynskyi, et al. "Narcotic Drug Smell Mimics for Dog Training at Cynological Departments: Composition, Principle of Action, and Legal Frame work of their Use." Science and innovation 16, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine16.05.071.
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Introduction. Involvement of cynological departments to narcotics identification is widely used due to high sensitivity of canine olfaction. Problem Statement. Currently, cynological departments of the MIA of Ukraine can use the samples of original narcotics in detector dogs learning and training for the purpose of developing or maintaining of the corresponding skill. However, narcotics are the substances under control; therefore, special normative procedures for their obtaining, usage, storage, and utilization exist. This order greatly complicates dogs training. The use of original narcotics is reasonable in special cynological schools during basic learning of detector dogs. Further training in departments is oriented to maintain skills and, as a rule, is carried out using pseudo narcotic scents, which does not contain original narcotics and does not possess narcotic activity. Majority of such pseudo narcotic scents is of foreign production and are expensive. This fact does not allow to provide with training aids all the cynological departments of the MIA of Ukraine. Moreover, these pseudo narcotic scents are of limited range. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop domestic pseudo narcotic scents with extended range, which would not possess narcotic activity, but have similar odor properties like original narcotics and are cheaper in comparison to foreign counterparts. Materials and Methods. Pseudo narcotic scents of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, opium, and poppy straw were developed. These training aids consist of inert carrying agent and volatile organic impurities from narcotics. These training aids were tested with involvement of 12 detector dogs of the cynological departments of the National Policy of Ukraine and State border service of Ukraine. Results. Pseudo narcotic canine training aids for cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, opium, and poppy straw were created and tested with detector dogs. It was shown that odorological profile of pseudo scents agreed with original narcotics. Conclusions. Pseudo narcotic scents which are perspective for introduction into production and further usage as canine training aids in cynological departments have been established.
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О. М. Шевчук. "The legal status of the State service of Ukraine for the control of narcotics." Problems of legality, no. 123 (October 2, 2013): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.123.52529.
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In the article explores the issues related to the legal status of the State service of Ukraine for the control of narcotics. Following are definitions of this concept, worked out the theoretical model and define its structural elements.
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Rakowski, J., C. Jeppson, J. James, S. Ahmad, G. Bigsby, G. Ghurani, R. Holloway, and J. Kendrick. "Postoperative pain control in the gynecologic laparotomy patient: A prospective, randomized comparison of acetaminophen with narcotics vs. ketorolac with narcotics." Gynecologic Oncology 130, no. 1 (July 2013): e61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.207.
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Rahimi, Scott Y., Cargill H. Alleyne, Eric Vernier, Mark R. Witcher, and John R. Vender. "Postoperative pain management with tramadol after craniotomy: evaluation and cost analysis." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 2 (February 2010): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.9.17689.
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Object Patients undergoing craniotomies have traditionally received opiates with acetaminophen for the management of their postoperative pain. The use of narcotic pain medications can be costly, decrease rates of early postoperative ambulation, lengthen hospital stays, and alter a patient's neurological examination. The use of alternative pain medications such as tramadol may benefit patients by resolving many of these issues. Methods The authors conducted a randomized, blinded prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of alternative pain management strategies for patients following craniotomies. Fifty patients were randomly assigned either to a control group who received narcotics and acetaminophen alone or an experimental group who received tramadol in addition to narcotic pain medications (25 patients assigned to each group). Results The control group was noted to have statistically significant higher visual analog scale pain scores, an increased length of hospital stay, and increased narcotic use compared with the tramadol group. The narcotics and acetaminophen group also had increased hospitalization costs when compared with the tramadol group. Conclusions The use of scheduled atypical analgesics such as tramadol in addition to narcotics with acetaminophen for the management of postoperative pain after craniotomy may provide better pain control, decrease the side effects associated with narcotic pain medications, encourage earlier postoperative ambulation, and reduce total hospitalization costs.
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Sung, Suyoung, Kimuck Park, and Sangwoon Kim. "A Study on the Effective Countermeasures for the Control of Narcotics Crime." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.12.44.12.427.
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This study aims to present improvement measures through the current status and problems of drug crimes in Korea. Korea can no longer be called a drug-free country, as more than 10,000 people are arrested for drug crimes every year. Entertainment workers, celebrities, second and third generations of chaebol, as well as the general public, can easily access media articles that have been arrested by investigative agencies for misuse and abuse of drugs. The number of drug crimes increased as the number of foreigners and early study abroad increased due to the increase in the number of overseas cultural experiences and the Internet. As for narcotics, it is necessary to promote strict social and institutional policies at the national level and to have a public consensus that misuse and abuse of narcotics is a serious criminal act by promoting the seriousness and risk of crime. By establishing an organic cooperation system of the state, local communities, and private organizations, they should work together to develop temptation and self-control of drugs by themselves through legal support, medical care, and rehabilitation treatment.
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Pasaribu, Restiana. "Fight Narcotics with Community Strengthening: Crime Control Management by Community Policing." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 3, no. 02 (December 9, 2018): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27533.
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Drugs are the main enemy of nations in the world. Indonesia, it seems also has become a paradise for the generation of drugs. Various problems that occur in the community that can be resolved kinship will be resolved in RT Polmas assisted by community figures in the surrounding community. Thus, the empowerment of Polmas by Polrestabes Semarang city in the prevention of drug crime is crucial to be the main program Polrestabes Semarang city. The research location is in Polrestabes Semarang. This research emphasized that Policing Empowerment in Criminal Drugs Control is expected to provide active support to the Polmas to report it if there is any indication that the drug is involved in its territory and dare to disclose its circulation, arrest the dealer, the perpetrator and the producer. Cooperation and coordination and involvement of the above mentioned community participation must be optimally empowered, in order to support the success of the prevention of criminal acts of narcotics.
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Plotnikova, Tatyana Vladislavovna, and Vadim Vitalyevich Kharin. "Narcotism as one of the urgent threats to the national security of Russia." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 10 (2019): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-10-243-250.
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The narcotics problem has plagued humanity throughout all stages of its development. However, in conditions of 21th century, the threat of narcotism has become very urgent. Studying the world experience in the narcotism control measures implementation, we can identify several main mechanisms of counteraction. In this study, we present and analyze these mechanisms in detail. As for Russia, we can say that we are implementing a repressive social control model, but there are rudiments and predispositions to a restrictive model. In general, the narcotics problem has plagued our country throughout history. We show the relation and ways of fight against narcotics in the conditions of different historical stages. However, in the 21th century, narcotic addiction has reached unprecedented proportions and now represents a very dangerous threat to our state. The involvement of a large number of people in such a harmful social phenomenon was influenced by a number of certain factors characteristic of Russia. The very dangerous threat of narcotism to the Russia national security is also shown by the state counteraction dynamism against this phenomenon. This study shows the main mechanisms of narcotism implementation.
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Liya, R. R., and Muhammad Agung Fazri. "LAW ENFORCEMENT ON UNDER AGE OF CRIMINAL WHICH ABUSE DRY MARIJUANA TYPES OF NARCOTICS." IBLAM LAW REVIEW 1, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v1i01.5.
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The involvement of children in the world of narcotics cannot be separated from parental control, because parents must protect, educate and provide a decent life both physically and psychologically. Parents are expected to supervise and educate their children to stay away from narcotics abuse. By providing religious education and general education. The young generation is the backbone of the nation and the State, so that children, even though they have to face the law, must still receive protection. In writing this thesis the author provides an example of a case of a child who abuses narcotics and has been sentenced to imprisonment by a judge at the Pekanbaru High Court with his decision Number 68 / PID.SUS / 2013 / PTR. The formulation of the problems discussed by the author are: (1) How is law enforcement against offenders of minors who abuse narcotics? and (2) How is the application of material law to children as narcotics abusers as in Court Decision Number: 68 / PID.SUS / 2013 / PTR? The research method used by the author is a normative juridical method, which is to analyze the relationship between applicable laws and regulations with legal theories and the practice of implementing positive law concerning the issues discussed. Finally, the authors conclude that the application of material law to children as narcotics abusers as in Court Decision Number: 68 / PID.SUS / 2013 / PTR, turns out that there are differences in interpretation and differences in considerations so that there are differences in the provision of criminal sanctions against the accused. The District Court Judge sentenced a prison sentence of 1 (one) year, while the High Court judge imposed a heavier sanction of 2 (two) years and 6 (six) months imprisonment, which in the end had to be served, because this case only reached the appeal level in court High.
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Rahimi, Scott Y., John R. Vender, Samuel D. Macomson, Adam French, Joseph R. Smith, and Cargill H. Alleyne. "Postoperative Pain Management after Craniotomy: Evaluation and Cost Analysis." Neurosurgery 59, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000232646.35678.d8.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing craniotomies have traditionally received opiates for the management of their postoperative pain. The use of narcotic pain medications can be costly, can decrease early walking, can lengthen hospital stay, and can alter a patient's neurological examination results. The use of alternative pain medications such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may benefit patients by resolving many of these issues. Compared with traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, these anti-inflammatory medications may be used safely in neurosurgical patients because of their selective inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme, which avoids the platelet dysfunction caused by other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS: A randomized, single-blinded prospective study was used to evaluate the efficacy of alternative pain management strategies for patients who have undergone craniotomy. Twenty-seven patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 13) receiving narcotics alone or an experimental group (n = 14) receiving a COX-2 inhibitor in addition to narcotic pain medications. RESULTS: The narcotics group was noted to have statistically significantly higher visual analog scale scores, increased length of stay, and increased narcotic use compared with the COX-2 group. The narcotics group also had increased hospitalization costs when compared with the COX-2 group. CONCLUSION: The use of scheduled atypical analgesics, such as COX-2 inhibitors, in addition to narcotics for the management of postoperative pain after craniotomy may provide better pain control, may decrease side effects associated with narcotic pain medications, may encourage earlier walking, and may reduce total hospitalization costs.
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Huang, Jianan. "The Historical Face of Narcotic Revisited: A Chinese City’s Fifty-Year Quest for Hygienic Modernity, 1900–49." Medical History 63, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.64.
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For decades, people have viewed narcotics as a devil impeding the modernisation of China, but they have recently been faced with the challenge of declaring that narcotics are harmless in some instances. A deeper understanding of this issue requires historical approaches which show that the demonisation of narcotics has mainly been a political pursuit. In re-examining the drug problem and its correlation to political and socio-economic issues, data statistics based on substantial archives in modern China play a crucial role. Discovered in 2007 in Longquan, a city in southeast China,Judicial Records of Longquanremains the largest judicial record in modern China by far. Data analysis reveals government efforts regarding drug control were not in line with the peak periods of drug-related cases in Longquan. Drawing on previously unexamined documents, it can be shown that anti-drug mobilisation and hygienic conditions have been overstated to legitimise the authority of governments in modern China. However, the knowledge of local residents regarding medicine and health was indirectly promoted in this agenda. Compared with the negative image of drugs constructed under the biopower of government, the role of narcotics was a positive vehicle for accelerating health mobilization during the Republic of China.
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Sola, Richard, Amita Desai, Katherine Gonzalez, Nichole Doyle, Katrina Weaver, Ashwini Poola, Jason Fraser, Shawn St Peter, and Daniel Millspaugh. "Does Intravenous Acetaminophen Improve Postoperative Pain Control after Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Perforated Appendicitis? A Prospective Randomized Trial." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 02 (January 2, 2018): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615276.
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Introduction The recent increased awareness of the dangers of opioids in the United States has highlighted the need to minimize narcotics and identify nonopioid options for pain control after surgery. With evidence suggesting that intravenous acetaminophen (IVA) can be an opioid sparing option, we conducted a prospective, randomized trial that evaluated the effect of IVA on the postoperative pain course of children with perforated appendicitis. Materials and Methods After IRB approval, children with perforated appendicitis were randomized to receive postoperative IVA with the standard patient/nurse-controlled analgesia (PCA) or to receive the PCA alone. All patients were treated according to an evidence-based treatment protocol. The primary outcome was duration of time on PCA. Results Eighty-two patients were analyzed from 7/14 to 11/15. There was no statistically significant difference in the time to transition from the PCA to oral pain medications for children given IVA compared with children not receiving IVA (76.4 ± 32.5 versus 86.7 ± 49.3 hours; p = 0.73). Children in the IVA group had no statistically significant difference in intravenous narcotics delivered and pain scores compared with the non-IVA group. There was no significant difference in the amount of oral narcotics between both groups (2.8 ± 2.4 versus 2.9 ± 2.5; p = 0.88). Patients who received IVA had higher medication charges ($3752.7 ± 1618.3 vs. $1198.19 ± 521.51; p < 0.01), but not total hospital charges ($53842.0 ± 19409.2 vs. $50501.03 ± 16223.32; p = 0.76). Conclusion Children given IVA showed no difference in the transition time off the PCA and to oral pain medications after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis.
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Bayouth, Lilly, Karen Safcsak, Michael L. Cheatham, Chadwick P. Smith, Kara L. Birrer, and John T. Promes. "Early Intravenous Ibuprofen Decreases Narcotic Requirement and Length of Stay after Traumatic Rib Fracture." American Surgeon 79, no. 11 (November 2013): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481307901127.
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Pain control after traumatic rib fracture is essential to avoid respiratory complications and prolonged hospitalization. Narcotics are commonly used, but adjunctive medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be beneficial. Twenty-one patients with traumatic rib fractures treated with both narcotics and intravenous ibuprofen (IVIb) (Treatment) were retrospectively compared with 21 age- and rib fracture-matched patients who received narcotics alone (Control). Pain medication requirements over the first 7 hospital days were evaluated. Mean daily IVIb dose was 2070 ± 880 mg. Daily intravenous morphine-equivalent requirement was 19 ± 16 vs 32 ± 24 mg ( P < 0.0001). Daily narcotic requirement was significantly decreased in the Treatment group on Days 3 through 7 ( P < 0.05). Total weekly narcotic requirement was significantly less among Treatment patients ( P = 0.004). Highest and lowest daily pain scores were lower in the Treatment group ( P < 0.05). Hospital length of stay was 4.4 ± 3.4 versus 5.4 ± 2.9 days ( P = 0.32). There were no significant complications associated with IVIb therapy. Early IVIb therapy in patients with traumatic rib fractures significantly decreases narcotic requirement and results in clinically significant decreases in hospital length of stay. IVIb therapy should be initiated in patients with traumatic rib fractures to improve patient comfort and reduce narcotic requirement.
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Altıparmak, Başak, Melike Korkmaz Toker, Ali İhsan Uysal, and Semra Gümüş Demirbilek. "Bi-level erector spinae plane block for the control of severe back pain related to vertebral metastasis." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 6 (June 2019): e228129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228129.
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Pain is the most common reason for emergency department visits. Traditionally, pain management has been provided by narcotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and non-narcotics. Erector spinae plane block is a new interfascial plane block that has been successfully used for acute pain control in different surgeries. Two female patients with severe back pain related to breast cancer metastasis applied to emergency department. The pain scores of the patients were between 8 and 10. We performed bilateral erector spinae plane block at the levels of T3 and T6. The pain scores decreased under 2 within 30 min and none of the patients required additional analgesic agent for 24 hours. Previously erector spinae plane block was used for rib and spine fractures in emergency department. Different from previous cases, we performed bi-level blocks to cover a larger area and the block abruptly and effectively reduced pain scores of the patients with breast cancer.