Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Narcotics, Control of – France'
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Padwa, Howard Philip. "Narcotics vs. the nation the culture and politics of opiate control in Britain and France, 1821-1926 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1610056031&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTaylor, Clinton Watson. "International narcotics control : norms, systems and regimes /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textMalloy, Meghan Mary. "United States-Colombian Negotiations on Narcotics Control 1975-1980." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625531.
Full textRimner, Steffen. "The Asian Origins of Global Narcotics Control, c. 1860-1909." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11587.
Full textHistory
Ng, Kwok-cheung. "An analysis of the anti-narcotics strategy in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38598231.
Full textAu-yeung, Ho-lok Luke. "An evaluation of the role of the Customs and Excise Department in drug enforcement." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12816942.
Full textPrimlani, Monisha. "Drugs, crime and law enforcement : the economic connection." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30643.
Full textAzemi, Ferid. "National Strategy Against Narcotics, Drug Control Policy, and Law Enforcement Experiences in Kosovo." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6517.
Full textNg, Kwok-cheung, and 吳國璋. "An analysis of the anti-narcotics strategy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38598231.
Full textPotts, Donald Joseph. "Development of a curriculum for a 24-hour advanced officer narcotics course." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1323.
Full textWong, Chung Shiu-wah Wendy. "The development of the methadone treatment programme in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975641.
Full textTrache, Hichem. "Urban design control in France." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366830.
Full textAguilar, Verónika Karolina Mosqueira. "As políticas antidrogas dos Estados Unidos na região andina = o caso peruano." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279402.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Com o final da Guerra fria, e com o processo da globalização manifestam-se profundas mudanças no mundo ocidental que vêm definindo novas estratégias políticas. No plano da segurança a nova agenda concentra-se nos problemas interestatais, entre os que se destaca o narcotráfico. Na procura de alternativas de solução na região andina, se deu a XV Reunião do Conselho Presidencial Andino (Quito, Julho 2004) onde foram aprovadas as linhas gerais da segurança externa comum, autorizando a prevenção e o enfrentamento de ameaças à segurança. O combate ao problema do narcotráfico se da mediante as Políticas Antidrogas direcionadas pelos Estados Unidos, centradas na redução da produção de pasta básica de cocaína, nos países produtores, Colômbia, Peru e Bolívia. Os programas com esse intuito são o Plano Colômbia, e a Iniciativa Regional Andina. Ditas estratégias poderiam pôr em ameaça a segurança desses países. É assim que o objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar um panorama sobre os impactos das políticas antidrogas na segurança dos países andinos no plano econômico, social e político e aprofundar no caso peruano, como è tratado o problema coca-cocaína no congresso e os possíveis interesses trás a continuidade da atual política antidroga. Considera-se relevante promover a avaliação de novas estratégias antidrogas que se ajustem ao conceito de segurança da região e a sua realidade. Usa-se a metodologia de análise documentaria de relatórios mundiais de instituições que combatem o narcotráfico, discursos de representantes dos agricultores cocaleros, e os projetos leis apresentados no congresso peruano, á vez que textos de autores especialistas entre outros
Abstract: With the end of the Cold War and the process of globalization, profound changes have occurred in the western world, these changes are defining new policies. In the plan of security, new security agendas are focused on the interstate problems, among highlights the drug trafficking. In the search for alternative solutions in the Andean region was where the XIA approved the outlines of the common external security by allowing the prevention and confrontation of security threats. Combating drug trafficking through the current anti-drug policies directed by Estates Unites, focusing on reducing the production of basic paste of cocaine, these politics are o Plan Colombia, and Andean Regional Initiative, Might be threatening the security of these countries. Though, the aim of this study is to show a picture of the economics, social and political impacts of current drug policies of the security of Andean countries. Is relevant a new evaluation promote anti-drug strategies to adapt to conceit of security to the reality of the region. Use data analysis methodology is a documentary of world report of institutions that combated or drug trafficking, discourse from representatives cocaleras, e the projects leis presented in Peruvians congress, and the other texts
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política
Kassman, Anders. "Polisen och narkotikaproblemet : från nationella aktioner mot narkotikaprofitörer till lokala insatser för att störa missbruket." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62836.
Full textCarvalho, Jonatas Carlos de. "Regulamentação e criminalização das drogas: a Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes e a internalização do proibicionismo no Brasil (1936-1946)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7837.
Full textEste trabalho problematiza um tipo específico de racionalidade que emergiu nos fins do século XIX e avançou no século XX, implicando na constituição de uma política mundial destinada à regulamentação de determinadas substâncias psicoativas. Tais práticas foram possíveis em virtude de uma produção discursiva cujos enunciados médico-sanitários reivindicavam a intervenção dos Estados Nacionais em assegurar a saúde coletiva. No caso do uso de psicoativos, tais discursos fizeram emergir uma série de tratados internacionais, leis nacionais, normas e regulações que modificaram o comércio e os hábitos de consumo de tais substâncias, criminalizando qualquer uso que não estivesse de acordo com a legislação vigente. O recorte que esta dissertação procura fazer tem por foco analisar como esse processo se deu no Brasil, mais especificamente a partir da criação da Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes CNFE, organização esta de caráter governamental, que após sua criação passou a centralizar as políticas sociais sobre drogas no país. A CNFE foi constituída por meio do Decreto-Lei n 780em 28 de abril de 1936, vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores em conjunto com o Departamento Nacional de Saúde, através do Serviço de Fiscalização do Exercício Profissional. Neste caso, utilizando a documentação encontrada no Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty, na Biblioteca de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, dentre outras. Procurei delimitar esta pesquisa nos primeiros dez anos de atuação da Comissão, isto é, entre 1936 e 1946, para tanto, utilizo como instrumento de análise teórico-metodológico duas noções que serviram às reflexões do pensador francês Michel Foucault; biopolítica e governamentalidade. Desta forma, procuro acionar tais noções para localizar as estratégias de poder que culminaram na governamentalização do Estado voltadas para a gestão da vida das populações, tendo como pano de fundo os interditos das políticas sociais sobre drogas.
This research aims to put in doubt a specific sort of rationality that began and made progress between the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, implying a world-wide policy for some psychoactive substances regulation. That was possible due to discursive production composed by medical and sanitary statements that claimed the action of National States in order to ensure collective health. In terms of psychoactive drugs, that discourse has resulted in a series of international treaties, national laws, rules and regulations that changed the sale and use of those substances and criminalized any use that was not according to the current legislation. At this point, the dissertation focus on the study of this process in Brazil, more specifically from the creation of ComissãoNacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes CNFE (National Narcotic Control Commission), a governmental organization that concentrates social policies about drugs in the country. CNFE was set up by decree law 780 on April 28, 1936, linked to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs together with National Department of Health, through Professional Exercise Supervision Service. In this case, using documents found in Itamaraty Historical Archives, in Public Health Library of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and in Center for Research and Documentation of Getulio Vargas Foundation , among others, I have attempted to focus this research in the first ten years following the Commission creation, between 1936 and 1946. Therefore, I have used, as theoretical and methodological analysis tool, two concepts that helped French philosopher Michel Foulcault thoughts; biopolitics and governmentality. Thus, I try to use those concepts in order to find the power strategies that have led up to the Governmentalization of the State and have been directed to the management of peoples life, all this against the background of interdiction from social policies about drugs.
Loew, Sebastian E. "The insertion of new buildings in historic areas of France." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262243.
Full textMaiante, Ariádine Augusta. "Efeitos sedativos e cardiorrespiratórios da metadona em cães : estudo comparativo com a morfina /." Botucatu, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88923.
Full textBanca: Antonio José de Araújo Aguiar
Banca: Denise Tabacchi Fantoni
Resumo: Poucos estudos vem sendo reportados com uso da metadona em pequenos animais. Neste estudo os efeitos sedativos, cardiorrespiratórios e comportamentais da metadona e da morfina foram comparados em seis cães conscientes sem raça definida. No dia do estudo, os cães (16,4 ± 2,8 kg) foram instrumentados para monitorização hemodinâmica com isoflurano, e após 60 minutos do término da anestesia inalatória foi iniciada a coleta de dados. Morfina, (1 mg/kg) ou duas doses de metadona (0,5 mg/kg [MET0,5] ou 1,0 mg/kg [MET1]) foram administradas pela via intravenosa durante um minuto em um delineamento aleatório cruzado, aguardando-se um intervalo mínimo de 1 semana entre cada tratamento. As variáveis foram registradas antes (basal) e por 120 minutos após a administração dos fármacos, adotando como nível de significância p< 0,05. Devido a um marcado aumento (356%) do índice de resistência vascular sistêmica (dinas•seg/cm5/m2) após cinco minutos da administração de morfina, um animal apresentou resultado positivo para o teste de detecção de outlier (teste de Grubb) não sendo incluso na análise estatística das variáveis hemodinâmicas. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos nos parâmetros basais. A morfina reduziu a FC (bpm), comparado aos valores basais, dos 30-120 minutos (valores mínimos: 86±11 aos 120 minutos), contudo o IC (L/min/m2) reduziu-se aos 120 minutos (4,40±1,07). Comparado com a com a morfina, MET 1 causou maior e mais prolongada redução destes parâmetros (valores mínimos: 63±16 e 2,95±1,06 para FC e IC respectivamente); reducões intermediárias foram observadas com MET 0,5 (valores mínimos: 78±9 e 3,72±0,81 para FC e IC respectivamente). O IRVS aumentou apenas após a administração de metadona, sendo a MET 1 produziu maior aumento que MET 0,5 (valores máximos: 3192±882 e 2178±588 para MET 1 e MET 0,5 respectivamente) A morfina aumento a POAP (mmHg) após cinco minutos (12±4) enquanto ...
Abstract: Few controlled studies have been reported on the use methadone in small animals. In this study, the cardio-respiratory effects of methadone and morphine were compared in six conscious mongrel dogs. On the study day, the dogs (16.4±2.8 kg) were instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring under isoflurane anesthesia, allowing at least 60 min from termination of inhalant anesthesia before commencing data collection. Morphine (1 mg/kg) or two different doses of methadone (0.5 mg/kg [MET0.5] or 1.0 mg/kg [MET1]) were administered intravenously over 1 min in a randomized crossover design (minimum washout period: 1-week). Variables were recorded before (baseline), and for 120 min after drug administration. A split plot design model compared cardiopulmonary data (mean±SD) (p<0.05). Because of marked increases in SVRI (dynes•seg/cm5/m2) after morphine (353% increase from baseline at 5 min, one animal tested positive for an outlier detection test (Grubbs' test) and was not included in the statistical analysis for hemodynamic data. Baseline variables did not differ among treatments. Morphine reduced HR (beats/min) compared to baseline from 30-120 min (lowest value: 8611 at 120 min), while CI (L/min/m2) was reduced from baseline at 120 min (4.40±1.07). Compared to morphine, MET1 caused greater and more prolonged reductions in these parameters (lowest values: 63±16 and 2.95±1.06 for HR and CI, respectively), while intermediate reductions in HR and CI were observed after MET0.5 (lowest values: 78±9 and 3.72±0.81 for HR and CI, respectively). The SVRI was increased after methadone only, with MET1 producing a higher SVRI than MET0.5 (highest values: 3192±882 and 2178±588 for MET1 and MET0.5, respectively). Morphine increased PAOP (mm Hg) from baseline at 5 min (12±4), while this parameter remained increased from baseline for 90 and 120 min after MET0.5 (maximum increase: 163) and MET1.0 (maximum increase: 173), respectively.
Mestre
Benge, Guy Jack Jr. "Partners in Crime: Federal Crime Control Policy and the States, 1894 – 1938." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162821110.
Full textMarois, Guilhem. "Le contrôle des services de renseignement en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0417.
Full textSince the beginning of the twenty-first century, intelligence has experienced a real upheaval, in France and abroad. While some wondered about its future at the end of the Cold War, the advent of globalized terrorism and the numerous attacks on the territory of several Western countries have put the intelligence services at the heart of defense and security activities. In France, new services have emerged while others have undergone major restructuring, which has changed the complex architecture of public intelligence policy. The many laws adopted between 2006 and 2019 have increased the prerogatives of the services. The activity of the intelligence services undermines many rights and freedoms, which nevertheless enjoy enhanced legal protection. For several decades, only the executive branch controlled the activity of the services. However, the desire for greater transparency on public action has led to the development of new controls, even for a public policy as sensitive as that of intelligence. Thus, the Government has new tools, Parliament has established specifics institutions and now the judge intervenes to control the activity of intelligence services. The organization of intelligence control is as complex as the structure of the services, but their interlocking makes it possible to guarantee a complete system
Bhimani, Alnoor. "Accounting, control and culture : a social analysis of change in three French companies, 1702-1939." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294138.
Full textDebandi, Natalia. "Retour forcé. Pratiques et politiques d’expulsion d’immigrés en France. 2000-2010." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040040/document.
Full textExpulsion or deportation constituted a privileged punishment prior to the modern prison, whose advantage was the definite exclusion of the individual without having to deal with his body. This punishment reappears as a new strategy of social control and of surplus world population management, particularly regarding foreigners in developed countries. The French model of expulsion of foreigners was based on an administrative device presented as a hygienic and tidy system, symbolized by the administrative retention centers. By means of a six-month-ethnographic study carried out at two retention centers near Paris, we analyze this topic with an empirical inductive approach, in which the characteristics and functioning of the displayed instruments are studied, mainly, the confinement of foreigners in administrative retention centers, so as to understand the impact of migratory control practices and policies on both the individuals and on the construction of the French society. In addition, we analyze forced return as an extension of the penal system whose informal objectives transcend effective deportation and aim to establish a device for the control of the migrant population in general
Castellà, i. Pujols Maria Betlem. "Revolució, Poder i Informació. El control de la informació a les Assemblees parlamentàries durant la Revolució francesa (1789-1795)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4816.
Full textMots clau: Desordres, Ordre públic, Correspondència, Comitès de l'Assemblea i President de l'Assemblea.
Esta tesis se interesa por aquellas personas que gestionaron la correspondencia que llegaba a las Asambleas parlamentarias, y a todos aquellos que abrían las cartas, las leían por primera vez y decidían que cartas debían ser leídas a la Asamblea y cuales debían ser enviadas a los comités. Esta tesis se interesa también por todos aquellos individuos que gestionaron la correspondencia más importante que llegaba en el cuerpo legislativo, aquella que trataba sobre los desordenes existentes en Francia y denunciaba a aquellos que los provocaban. En realidad, esta tesis defiende a través del estudio de unos comités y de unas comisiones hasta ahora ignorados, que el poder legislativo, a partir de controlar una correspondencia que le pertenecía al poder ejecutivo de gestionar, la relativa a la administración y a la policía, se apropió de la gestión del orden y del mantenimiento de la tranquilidad pública, una competencia constitucionalmente propia del poder ejecutivo y una de las competencias más importantes de este poder.
Palabras clave: Desordenes, Orden público, Correspondencia, Comités de la Asamblea y Presidente de la Asamblea.
Cette thèse est consacrée aux personnes qui gèrent la correspondance parvenue aux Assemblées parlementaires, à celles qui ouvrent les lettres, les lisent pour la première fois et décident des lettres qui seront lues à l'Assemblée et renvoyées aux comités. Elle inclut aussi les personnes qui gèrent la correspondance la plus délicate qui arrive au corps législatif, celle qui traite des désordres existant en France et dénonce ceux qui les provoquent. En s'intéressant pour la première fois à ces institutions révolutionnaires trop ignorées que sont les comités et les bureaux des Assemblées, ce travail défend l'idée que la connaissance des problèmes d'ordre public, grâce aux correspondances dépouillées, permet désormais au pouvoir législatif de gérer le maintien de l'ordre et de la tranquillité publique, pouvoir qui, constitutionnellement, appartient au pouvoir exécutif.
Mots clé : Désordres, Ordre public, Correspondance, Comités de l'Assemblée et Président de
l'Assemblée.
This thesis is about the people who were dealing with the letters sent to the revolutionary assemblies, who were opening them, who were reading them for the first time and deciding what letters should be read in front of the parliament, what ones would be sent to the committees.
This work also includes the people who were dealing with the most tricky correspondence, the one processing with the troubles existing in France and denouncing the people who were responsible for. By focusing on those revolutionary institutions for the first time, the committees and the offices of the revolutionary parliament, this work agues that, because of the opened letters, the knowledge of the problems of the public order had entitled the legislative power to maintain the public peace and by doing so, to exercise powers which belonged to the executive power on a constitutional point of view.
Key word: disorders, public order, correspondence, parliamentary committees, parliamentary offices, president of the Parliament.
Le, Corre-Cochran Victoria Ann. "Taking Control, Women of Lorient, France Direct Their Lives Despite the German Occupation (June 1940-May 1945)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36388.
Full textMaster of Arts
Bechberger, Elena K. "Regaining control of the social budgets : fiscal commitment and social insurance reform in France and Germany 1990-2005." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2928/.
Full textSall, Fossar Badara. "L'étranger en situation irrégulière en France." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2060.
Full textImmigration is a constant phenomenon that has reached fearing proportions nowadays. Developed countries are more and more confronting it and France is not an exception. In front of this phenomenon which is now a bone of contention, France is striving for ways and means to fight against foreigners in irregular situation, hence the topicality of the issue. Even if the alien is in irregular situation is given rights the most fundamental, he benefits from is the right to health which is materialized by a set of measures State Medical Assistance (SMA), Emergency and Vital funds for health care, Permanencies for access to health care). The alien in irregular situation has also, for family matters, the right to marry, to pass a civil act of solidarity. The irregularity of his situation does not prevent him from having access to a shelter or opening an account. In terms of labour, the alien in irregular situation is excluded from the foreigners who are entitled for jobs. However, the exercise of an activity confers him rights granted by his employer and the social security. The foreigner in irregular situation is not a subject without rights but a subject with limited rights. This limitation is accentuated by constraints in effectiveness. France is fighting against foreigners in irregular situation, and generally against clandestine immigration. For this objective, a coercive apparatus is put in place with deportation as a key measure. The reaction of the French system is not only coercion because the soft approach is prioritized in some cases, meaning regularization. The European Union member countries sharing borders with France particularly, developed countries in general, are experiencing the problem of irregular aliens, even in varying degrees. With its generalization, it is becoming a European issue, hence the need of a coordination to fight efficiently against it. Externalization of the fight against irregular foreigners is in implementation. The universality of the phenomenon somehow imposes a comparative approach on some aspects, and an appreciation of the state of the art in France compared to other countries. Community and international legislations on national regulations participate in the maintenance of a balance between the respect of rights reserved for this category of foreigners through the benefit and exercise of rights by them, and the respect of legislation about immigration. In trying to achieve this balance a significant part is dedicated to jurisprudence because of the big number of litigation cases due to frequent referrals to the French court, or the European union court in order to ascertain violation - or not - of any right granted to illegal aliens, or in order to make a decision on all measures taken against them
Dkhili, Nouha. "A model-based predictive control strategy for low-voltage power distribution grids with prolific distributed generation in Occitania." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2020PERP0037.pdf.
Full textThe term ''smart grid'' refers to a modern power grid that successfully integrates prolific distributed generation with end loads and efficiently reroutes power flows to balance supply and demand in real time with respect to stability, quality, and safety constraints. It relies on improved observability and advanced control techniques, and offers the possibility of advanced demand side management.In the context of the Smart Occitania project, which aims to study the feasibility of the smart grid concept for rural and suburban power distribution grids, this work proposes a model-based predictive control strategy based on flexible asset management (herein a biogas plant and a water tower) that aims to balance power supply and demand within the power grid while maintaining voltage levels within prescribed margins. The control scheme incorporates intraday forecasts of various stochastic quantities that impact the system, procured through Gaussian process regression.The main contribution of this thesis is twofold: the predictive controller's optimisation problem is formulated in such a way that the ON/OFF of the water tower is handled without recourse to mixed-integer nonlinear programming or relaxation, and the confidence intervals provided by the forecast module are utilised to minimize voltage overshooting due to forecasting errors.The results illustrate the promise of a predictive controller relying on renewable-energy-based flexible assets to reduce the gap between power supply and demand, while upholding the power grid's voltage constraints
Brown, Howard Gordon. "Power, bureaucracy and the state elite : the revolutionary politics of army control and administration in France 1792 to 1799." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305690.
Full textMansour, Dima. "Culture nationale et comportement budgétaire : Etude comparative entre la France et les pays du Maghreb." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD005/document.
Full textThe main objective of this doctoral research is to examine the effects of national culture on budget behavior, basing on the typology of Hofstede (1980, 1994). We focus on a behaviorist approach of the budget. A study was conducted among 379 controllers of management and directors of French multinational banks operating in France and those installed in the Maghreb countries. The results show that there are significant differences between the two types of countries regarding some budget practices, namely the budgetary participation, formalizing of the budget process, Budget Emphasis and the controllability of the budget. However, they indicate that national culture has no direct effect on the propensity to create budgetary slack, and influences on this variable through its impact on participation and on Budget Emphasis. Our results also show that control of the uncertainty has positive effects on the use of formal rules on the budget and on the propensity to create budgetary slack, and negative effects on Budget Emphasis. In addition, the moderating effects analyzes reveal that national culture (country) plays a moderating role between uncertainty avoidance and budgeting practices. Finally, the moderating effects of some managers'profiles on the relations between cultural dimensions and certain budgetary practices have also been demonstrated
Anyanwu, Rosemary Chinyere. "A food safety control strategy for developing countries : (based on studies of Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, United Kingdom and France)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235924.
Full textBlanc, François. "Les engagements dans le droit français des concentrations." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020059.
Full textAt first sight, the mergers’s control illustrates the modern role played by the State in the economy: the aim is not to organize the markets anymore, but to control from time to time one or several particular operators. The liberal State submit the companies’s merging processes to prior authorization, so as to make sure they do not negatively affect the competition. Nevertheless, in the silence of the law, everything goes as if the administration was using mergers as drivers of the markets’s reorganization. This process is evenmore subtil because it implies closely the companies themselves: everything depends on the commitments the companies offer to the administration, in order to prevent the non competitive effects of their project. These commitments are indeed undergoing a major legal change: once issued, they become a measure of economic restriction, embedded in the administration’s authorization. This process, that has been developed from the time of planned economy, suggests a certain permanency of the French law, despite the economic goals’s variation. Yet, these commitments constrain the parties about to merge: on the one hand regarding their actions towards other operators on the market, and on the other hand, regarding their relation with the administration : at the same time they direct the merger according to the stakeholders, and extend the administrative control. In short, when embedding the commitments in its act, the administration first changes the relations between the parties and the stakeholders, then follows up the relations’s execution. Thus, its intervention swifts ratione temporis, -from the merger in progress to the merger achieved, ratione personae, from the parties to the stakeholders’ operations, and ratione materia, from the merger to the market. Time has gone when the administration used to build the market directly ; now it uses to this end the companies that have to require her authorization
Shojaei-, Arani Saïd. "L'efficacité du contrôle parlementaire du budget exécuté en France sous la Cinquième République." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1054.
Full textThe basis of parliamentary oversight on budget was foreseen by Human and Citizen Right’s Declaration of 1789. But, it wasn’t applicable before “Restauration”. If “Restauration” period was a “golden age” of parliamentary control on budget, the IIIrd and IVth Republic were the age of its decline. On one hand, parliamentary prerogative to amend Budget Act and on the other hand, delays in establishment of budgetary document were the essential reasons.We can observe a mutation in parliamentary budget control during the Fifth Republic. In 1958, France has adopted a new constitution to found a semi-presidential political system. But what had consequently reduced Parliament’s budget competence, was the Organic Act of the 2nd January of 1959. This limitation contributed to demotivate MPs because they considered this institution in decline. However, when the French State engaged in new reforms, Parliament tried to prepare and adopt a new Organic Act to balance again budgetary relationship. With this end in view, different mechanisms were created to reinforce parliamentary budget oversight. Nevertheless, we can not estimate the promised effectiveness until MPs haven’t political will and pragmatic objectives. We think the economical sustainability, as the most important European engagement of French Government, can be a real objective. For all that, political involvement of Parliament will be obtained when the State reform continues and the “value of money” becomes the national priority
Queiros, Quentin. "Mechanisms underlying the bottom-up control of sardine populations in the Gulf of Lions : insights from experiments and modeling." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG073.
Full textThe Gulf of Lions has faced a sharp drop in the catches of its two main small pelagic exploited species, the sardine Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus since the mid-2000s, despite both population abundances remaining high. This situation has been due to a severe decrease in individual body condition and size as a result of both lower growth and the disappearance of the oldest and largest individuals. While overfishing, predation or disease outbreaks have been refuted to explain this situation, one major hypothesis remained to be investigated. A potential shift in sardine and anchovy diet towards smaller planktonic prey indeed suggested bottom-up control as the main driver of these populations in the Gulf of Lions. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate whether bottom-up processes could explain the changes in sardine growth and condition through changes in both food size and/or quantity and to understand the behavioral and physiological mechanisms involved in this control. The second objective of this PhD thesis was to identify the potential underlying drivers leading to adult overmortality. To do so, we combined an experimental approach on wild sardines maintained in captivity with a modeling approach. Experimentations showed that body condition, growth and storage lipids were significantly impacted by both food size and quantity. Thus, sardines fed on small particles needed to consume twice as much as those feeding on large particles to achieve the same condition and growth. Such results seemed to be linked to higher energy expenditures of sardines while filtering small prey compared to particulate feeding on large prey (sardines being able to shift between two feeding modes according to the prey size). Moreover, our results suggested several adaptations to cope with small food and caloric restriction. The study of the gill raker apparatus involved in the filtration of small prey suggested an increase of the filtration capacity for a given length between 2007-2009 and 2016. Then, sardines fed on small particles exhibited higher mitochondria efficiency and abundance suggesting energy-saving adaptation. Finally, sardines accustomed to feed on small pellets showed lower activity to limit energy expenditure. Nevertheless, all these strategies might incur other costs or may not be enough to compensate the high energy demands of filtration on small prey, as growth and condition remained lower for sardines filtering small prey in all our experiments. Further, sardines fed on large pellets exhibited higher spawning frequency than sardines fed with the same quantity of small ones. The low egg production of these sardines might be explained by a too high body condition of these individuals to observe a change in energy trade-off towards reproduction. For the same reasons, small particle meals did not seem to impact their immunity and stress, leucocyte and cortisol concentrations being similar whatever the feeding treatment. Furthermore, to investigate the hypothesis of adult overmortality, we first studied whether individual could die from starvation and low body reserves. The survival probability sharply decreased when the body condition index became lower than 0.75 and the threshold of 0.72 was identified as the entry in phase III of fasting. While the proportion of sardines reaching such thresholds in the wild remains low, it still increased two-fold in the recent period, reaching about 10% in winter months. A DEB model parameterized using a combination of in-situ and experimental data suggested a lower survival probability for larger fish. Individuals larger than 14 cm, i.e. older than 2-3 years, had a lower than 50 % probability to survive 1 month after the reproduction period. In conclusion, these previous results comforted the two hypotheses of a bottom-up control and an overmortality of adult sardines after reproduction to explain the dynamic and demographic truncation of the sardine population
Boubidi, Saïd Chaouki. "Surveillance et contrôle du moustique tigre, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) à Nice, sud de la France." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT118/document.
Full textThe Asian Tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, first appeared in Europe in the 1970s,almost certainly a result ofintercontinental transport of its dessication-resistant eggs. In the laboratory,the species is capable of transmitting 27 viruses including Yellow Fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika, although in the field it is not considered an efficient vector because it is not host-specific.The first objective of our studies was to monitor aspects of the biology of the species in Nice (southeastern France), where it has been established for more than 10 years. Infusion-baited ovitraps, B-G® adult traps and human landing captures were used to reveal seasonal population fluctuations, parous rates and other parameters. In two complete years of study, adult mosquitoes began to appear in April, reached a plateau in July-August and declined thereafter until activity ceased in November. Parous rates were stable from June to October (0,52 to 0,71%) indicating a balance between recruitment (eclosion) and mortality. During this period, daily survival probability was high although this may be an underestimate if the duration of the gonotrophic cycle is extended by skip oviposition. Up to 44% of females captured by landing capture were gravid, confirmation of multiple blood-meals per gonotrophic cycle.The main focus of the work was an assessment of the efficacy of Ultra-low Volume (ULV) space sprays, the principal method used in the event of urban outbreaks. The local population proved highly susceptible to deltamethrin (the only insecticide approved for adult mosquito control in France) although femaleswere significantly less susceptible than males. A comparison of results by topical application and by the WHO tube test confirmed this difference is a function of size. In six separate field trials,there was no evidence of any impact of ULVdeltamethrin on females although there was a significant reduction of males. By contrast, outdoor treatment of a small cluster of homes with a portable thermal fogger gave virtual elimination (ca. 95%) of both sexes.These results are clearly of public health significance.Lastly, the efficacy of several slow-release formulations of microencapsulated insecticide in paint was tested in laboratory and semi-field conditions. Results were encouraging and tests demonstrated that the paints remained effective for 24 months on plastic surface. The ultimate goal was to use paint-treated ovitraps as a control method: in theory, skip ovipositon should ensure a high probability that ovipositing females will make contact with a treated trap on their rounds of suitable oviposition sites. In a small field trial, however, no impact on the wild population was observed. This may have been because too few treated traps were deployed; further studies along these lines could prove worthwhile
Fleming, Mitchell. "Environmental and neuroendocrine control of smoltification in long-river (Loire - Allier) Atlantic salmon." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0015/document.
Full textSmoltification is a metamorphic event in salmon, which initiates downstream migration and pre-adapts juvenile for seawater entry. The PhD aimed at investigating endocrine and environmental regulation of smoltification in the endangered long-river Loire-Allier Atlantic salmon. We report the presence and functional divergence of thyrotropin ß-subunit paralogs (tshßa & tshßb) in Atlantic salmon and showed a peak pituitary expression of tshßb at smoltification which was concomitant with the initiation of downstream migration. This is the first time pituitary TSH expression is related to smoltification and downstream migratory behavior. Experimental exposure to constant short-day photoperiod or to increased temperature did not markedly affect the peak of tshßb nor the initiation of downstream migration, highlighting the importance of endogenous controls. This study brings new insights to the life cycle of Atlantic salmon with the discovery of novel components of the smoltification process, and with implications for conservation
Mohamed, Ayman Fathy Mohamed. "Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois en France et en Egypte." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0048/document.
Full textIn the political, economic, and cultural status quo, constitutional justice has been developed in both Egypt and France. From the legal perspective, it has been realized that various difference between both countries within the mechanism of the constitutional review of laws. Recently, the development of this legal issue in both countries leads to some of similarities between the mechanism in both Egypt and France, especially on the procedural level. Egypt adopted the same French scheme in 2005 with respect to some of the election laws. Further, France adopted the same constitutional review as Egypt via subordinate claim in 2008. But that does not mean that the constitutional review in both countries include only the procedural levels but also the main principle of the legal constitutional reviews in Egypt and France
Joël, Myriam. "La sexualité en prison de femmes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100141/document.
Full textThe purpose of sexuality in women prison is a sociological emptiness in France, since it has been approached only in comparison with the situation in men custody. The study relies on a qualitative survey, led in seven prisons where I carried out interviews with one hundred and fifty inmates, members of staff and volunteers. This survey enabled to bring out four forms of sexuality in which sexuality in women’s prison can be observed. Each of them is characterized by specific processes, which show respective salience of spatial, temporal, individual, collective, relational and institutional dimensions in sexual situations. The underground sexuality involves processes of transgression since actors are forced to experience their sexual practices in the coercive arsenal’s interstices developed to stem them. Especially discrete too, the invisible sexuality implies processes of invisibilisation that can be perceived throughout prison actors’ conjunct efforts to confine sexual activity in the private sphere. On the other hand, the ostensible sexuality can be overtly watched thanks to processes of display, even if deliberate behaviors are regulated by some informal rules. At last we can notice a rationalized sexuality, which is characterized by the dilution of particular situations’ sexual dimension in abstract processes which tend to rationalize it
Arbet, Maxime. "Le contrôle de l'administration sur les associations au XIXe siècle : l'exemple de l'Isère (1810-1901)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GREND010.
Full textEstablished as a legal right through the law of 1901, the act of going into partnership and the act of joining together had been occurring in public circles from the 19th century on, despite the fact that these acts had been been banned by revolutionary decrees. This thesis uses as a focus the Isère Department, and analyses the French legal and administrative codes to scrutinise the real existence of a public freedom in its phase of construction. Using a theoretical framework which focuses on the French Departmental leader - the Préfet (the Prefect), this thesis will highlight the different administrative control and surveillance techniques as well as the adapatation of activity of its targeted groups. These adaptations were of a varied nature according their domain of business. To achieve this objective, this study is a legal and historical investigation on the practice of a fundamental public right before its legal acknowledgement
Albert, Laurence. "Régulation naturelle du puceron cendré et aménagements agro-écologiques : l'exemple des vergers cidricoles du nord-ouest de la France." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARA081/document.
Full textIn spite of their successes, agricultural systems based on the massive use of inputs are questioned for their negative externalities. Agroecology offers to substitute inputs with natural ecological processes. Apple-cider production is engaged in the development of agroecology. Here, we aimed at assessing the benefits provided by two types of agroecological infrastructures: hedgerows and flower strips. We characterised the entomological fauna encountered in 14 cider-apple orchards in northwestern France (Bretagne, Normandy) and its evolution along the season. Data analysis confirmed agroecological infrastructure attractiveness to apple pest natural enemies. The observation of rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea) population dynamics allows hierarchizing the contributions of several natural enemies to pest control and demonstrates their temporal complementaritySyrphids and coccinellids are the most effective with the firsts being the most precocious. The beneficial role to aphids of ant presence is confirmed. Flower strips reduce aphid abundances and increase the abundances of most natural enemy groups. Conversely, hedgerows are favourable to the pest. An ant-excluding device reduces significantly ant and aphid abundances and increases syrphid and coccinellid abundances, confirming the deleterious effect of ants on natural enemies. Finally, a prototype of an indicator of biological control potential against D. plantaginea was designed
Castanié, Sylvie. "Les positions des Français concernant les politiques de contrôle : alcool, tabac et jeux de hasard et d'argent." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20050.
Full textIntroduction: Using a scenario-based technique, this study explored and charted, the positions of the French concerning policies to control tobacco, alcohol and gambling. Method: A sample of 344 adults (including health professionals and lawyers) were polled on the acceptability of the policies of control via a presentation of 54 cases. Each one of them aims at a policy of control relative to potentially addictive consumption (tobacco, alcohol or gambling), including preventive measures, regulation and sanctions. Results: As a result of the typological analysis, eight qualitatively different positions were found. They are presented on a continuum – from total rejection of any policy of control or weak regulation, to favouring strong regulation and severe sanctions. These eight positions are: never acceptable (9%), weak or moderate regulation (5%), moderate regulation associated with strong prevention (11%), moderate or strong regulation (11%), strong regulation with strong prevention (23%), moderate sanctions (9%), severe sanctions (9%) and always favourable (9%). Some participants (14%) are described as « undecided ». These positions were associated with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their political opinions and their consumption habits of potentially addictive products. Conclusion: This study confirms that these practices - smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling - are no longer considered private but rather have come to be seen as public issues. They are viewed as choices made by society, with implications for the overall social order. A majority of participants agree with the regulations currently applied in France. The type of measure preferred by respondents varies according to the product under consideration as well as the respondent's own consumption patterns (e.g. the more the respondent is a consumer of addictive products, the less favourable he / she is to strong control measures). The analysis of the results shows a convergence in the treatment of these areas of consumption. All participants are in favour of prevention, regardless of the product under consideration. In general, participants confirmed an acceptance of strong regulatory measures, especially for gambling, as well as severe penalties with respect to the consumption of alcohol
Maalouly, Matar Mariline. "Déterminants du parasitisme larvaire du carpocapse du pommier au Sud Est de la France." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG0657/document.
Full textIn the context of a more environment-friendly agriculture, it is important to design methodsthat enable us to reduce the use of pesticides to fight pests. One possible way consists inincreasing pest regulation by their natural enemies (Conservation biological control). Thecodling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a major insect pest of apple orchards in SoutheasternFrance. The aim of this thesis was to identify determinants of the larval parasitism of thispest. We characterized the composition of the parasitoid community on diapausing and nondiapausing codling moth larvae. This community is mainly represented by threeHymenoptera species: Ascogaster quadridentata, Pristomerus vulnerator (two primaryparasitoids) and Perilampus trisits (a secondary parasitoid of A. quadridentata and P.vulnerator) in the study sites. We determined the characteristics of agricultural practices andsemi- natural habitats at the orchard and landscape level that affect the parasitism rate andthe composition of the parasitoid community of diapausing codling moth larvae. Thewindbreak and spontaneous hedgerows around the orchard seemed to impact theparasitoid community composition by promoting, when present, the primary parasitoids A.quadridentata and P. vulnerator versus the secondary parasitoid P. tristis. Crop protectionpractices at the orchard and surrounding landscape levels affected the parasitism rate.Parasitism rate was higher in organic orchards than in conventional orchards as well as inorchards surrounded by a low proportion of conventional orchards in a 250 m vicinity. Wefurther studied the within-season temporal dynamics of the codling moth parasitoidcommunity. The parasitism rates globally increased along the season among cohorts ofmature codling moth larvae and were higher in young larvae trapped in fruits than in maturelarvae trapped in band traps around the tree trunks. The community composition variedalong the season. The relative proportion of the secondary parasitoid P. tristis increasedamong the codling moth cohorts whereas the proportion of A. quadridentata decreased.Furthermore, the emergences of adult A. quadridentata were synchronized with theemergences of the adult codling moths. Finally, we developed and tested a PCR -RFLPmethod and specific DNA markers to detect and identify parasitoids of the codling moth. ThePCR -RFLP method was powerful to identify adult parasitoids and their hosts. Specificprimers allowed detection of parasitoids in the eggs and young larvae of codling moth. TheseDNA-based techniques allowed molecular evaluation of parasitism in C. pomonella naturalpopulation and reconstructing quantitative food web of the parasitoid community
Franconi, Vanina. "L’actualité des attributions du comité d’entreprise en matière économique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22015/document.
Full textA Works Council is a company institution designed to express the workers ’collective wishes. Its mission is social and cultural as well as professional and economic. Its economic roles have been marked by some major changes since its introduction in 1945.Originally the Council was entrusted with a mission of cooperation with the management which gave way to monitoring the management’s decisions in 1982. Though new laws and court decisions have contributed to giving the Council an increasing importance in that respect, it has no sway over final decisions.The first objective of this research is to determine the exact nature of this atypical function in relation with another form of workers ’participation: the Workers ’Union. Another more subtle evolution can be perceived in the Council’s economic roles since the beginning of the 21st century: by referring to the notion of cooperation the European Union law has made it possible to restore the Council’s mission to define the relations between the workers’ representatives and the management.The second objective of this work is to identify the elements in our present French Labour Regulations characterizing this evolution, which appears to be twofold. On the one hand the dialogue between the management and the Council is enhanced when the latter takes an active part in joint negotiations. On the other hand negotiating on the Council’s economic roles has led to its involvement in the global process of consultations with the possibility of being associated earlier with the management’s final decisions
Hutier, Sophie. "Le contrôle de la procédure parlementaire par le Conseil constitutionnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1033.
Full textThe constitutional council, established by the constitution of October 4th, 1958, defines itself as a “regulating organ of the activity of public authorities”. In that definition, the constitutional council clearly sets that it controls Parliament actions. Eventhough the constitutional judge as the power to exert a limited control over Parliament actions, the constitutional council found a way to encompass those actions into a disciplinary framework. The Constitutional council imposes a binding and effective formalism on Parliament proceedings. This formalism is a mean to regulate Parliament debates through a set of constitutional rules such as the clarity and sincerity in the debate. The constitutional control over Parliament tends to reinforce since it aims at promoting new objectives such as the efficiency of Parliamentary procedures
Crowe, Simon Richard. "Alternative strategies for nuclear non-proliferation : denial or cooperative control; a case study of United States and United Kingdom non-proliferation policy towards France, 1943-63." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239895.
Full textDelplace, David. "Etudes de méthodes de détection de foyers de scolytes, Coleoptera, Curculionidae dans l'Est de la France: comparaison de techniques d'inventaires au sol, de surveillance aéroportée et de télédétection aérienne et satellitaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210541.
Full textLa présente thèse portait sur le typographe, Ips typographus, en pessière dans le massif vosgien. Elle visait à étudier et à comparer les performances en termes de précision (détection, localisation et inventaire), de coût et de rapidité de mise en œuvre de différentes méthodes de détection: la surveillance au sol, la détection aéroportée par un observateur embarqué (hélicoptère et ULM), et la télédétection (photographies aérienne infrarouge et imagerie satellitaire à haute et très haute résolution).
Dans le chapitre « techniques de détection au sol », nous avons évalué plusieurs méthodes de suivi (par transects, le long des routes carrossables et chemins forestiers, des courbes de niveau, à partir des foyers antérieurs, le long de parcours conditionnels liés aux foyers observés). Leurs performances ont été estimées via des simulations sous SIG (système d’information géographique) et les trajets qui ont présenté les meilleurs résultats ont ensuite fait l’objet d’une validation sur le terrain. Il en ressort que ce sont les trajets le long des routes carrossables et chemins forestiers ainsi que les trajets conditionnels qui présentent les meilleurs rapports efficacité/rendement dans la détection des foyers de scolytes. Le choix d’une de ces méthodes dépendra de la taille minimum des foyers que l’on veut observer.
Nous avons ensuite évalué, dans le chapitre « détection aéroportée », les performances de techniques d’observations de foyers réalisées par un observateur embarqué à bord d’un hélicoptère et d’un ULM. Une première étape a consisté à optimaliser toute une série de paramètres de vol pour les deux types d’appareils afin de permettre à l’observateur embarqué d’être dans les meilleures conditions d’observation. Ensuite, nous avons évalué la précision de détection en fonction de divers types de trajets en ULM et hélicoptère. D’après nos résultats, les observations recueillies à l’aide des deux sortes appareils n’ont pas permis de détecter de manière satisfaisante les foyers de scolytes quelque soit le type de trajet utilisé. Ces résultats sont sans-doute dus, en partie, à la faible expérience des observateurs embarqués mais également aux caractéristiques spatiales des foyers d’infestation qui ne facilitent pas leur détection par ce genre de méthode.
Enfin, dans le chapitre « télédétection », nous avons évalué les performances qu’offrent (1) des séries temporelles d’images SPOT, (2) la photographie aérienne infrarouge et (3) des images Quickbird dans la détection de foyers de scolytes. Pour tous ces types d’images, nous avons estimé la précision d’une classification automatique des foyers d’infestation, réalisée à partir de leurs caractéristiques spectrales, texturales et environnementales, par rapport aux autres éléments présents sur l’image. Ces analyses ont mis en évidence qu’il est possible d’atteindre une précision de classification relativement bonne (>80%) des foyers d’infestation sur des photographies aériennes et sur des images satellites à très haute résolution spatiale (Quickbird) grâce à des techniques de segmentation et de classification par arbre de décision. Par contre, il ne nous a pas été possible de déterminer de façon satisfaisante la précision de classification des images SPOT (haute résolution spatiale).
Les résultats détaillés de chacune de ces méthodes de détections sont développés dans les différents chapitres de cette thèse. La discussion générale met ceux-ci en relation en abordant leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs, et aborde les perspectives découlant de nos résultats.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Célérier, Laure. "L'Etat et ses contrôleur-e-s à l'épreuve de l'audit interne : une étude sur l'introduction d'une fonction d'audit interne dans l'administration centrale d'Etat en France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLH017.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the introduction of an internal audit function in the French government administration, following a reform launched in June 2011. It is based on qualitative data collection, composed of semi-structured interviews (n=121), a five-month participant observation, the attendance of several meetings and document analysis. Our thesis shows that the introduction of an internal audit function was made possible not only by a buoyant context, characterized by the success of the audit, but also by a previous set of reforms. This set of reforms had several effects, including a weakening of the legitimacy of government controllers.Internal audit, as it is implemented in the administration, is shaped, firstly by power struggles within the administration, which triggered the reform, secondly by a confrontation of government controllers in charge of implementing the reform in their ministries. Lastly, our research shows that the introduction of internal audit not only destabilizes the previous organization of government control, but also reveals a transformation of state power
Sala, Carole-Aline. "Contribution du modèle Age-Période-Cohorte à l’étude de l’épizootie d’Encéphalopathie Spongiforme Bovine en France et en Europe." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10280/document.
Full textBovine spongiform encephalopathy is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting cattle and transmissible to humans as the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. BSE was first identified in 1986 in United Kingdom, before spreading to European countries despite the implementation of control measures. Due to BSE epidemiological characteristics (long incubation period, early age at infection and post-mortem diagnostic at end stage of incubation period), time trend of BSE cattle exposure can only be estimated by modeling. We used age-period-cohort model in order to (re)evaluate, in relation to the main control measures, the trend of BSE epidemic, using the most recent surveillance data in France and six other European countries: Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and United Kingdom
Villard, Pierre. "Évaluation de l'impact et de l'efficacité de la surveillance et de la lutte de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en France." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1351.
Full textBluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 had a strong economic impact on the cattle industry during the epizootic between 2006 and 2009 in France. This thesis aimed to evaluate the financial impact of BTV diffusion after its re-emergence in 2015, and to bring new insights into the dynamics of Culicoides, and the surveillance and control system. By collecting and analyzing data, we were able to calculate the cost of surveillance system from September 2015 to December 2016 (€ 14.6 million excluding taxes). Thanks to the analysis of historical data on cattle movements, we were able to highlight changes in movement dynamics for farms according to their health status, as well as to estimate excess bovine mortality related to the circulation of BTV. By using catch data from Culicoides, we were able to establish a model for predicting the abundance of these vectors, validating at the same time the use of vector zones in entomological surveillance. We finally used an existing model to highlight results disparity according to several surveillance and control system against BTV. We have established that programmed surveillance does not provide relevant efficiency in the context of detecting a high-impact disease such as BTV, while movement restriction measures play an essential role in the preservation of the cattle industry against the BTV
Cappello, Aurélie. "La constitutionnalisation du droit pénal. Pour une étude du droit pénal constitutionnel." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020077.
Full textConstitutionalization of criminal law refers to the growing ascendancy of the Constitution over criminal law due to the densification of constitutional principles and the diversification of constitutionality controls. The Constitutional Council is not the only body wherefrom this phenomenon originated, although its prime contributor. By sharing their powers and exchanging doctrines, all authorities that control, elaborate and apply criminal law make it compliant with the Constitution and contribute to the construction of the criminal part of the Supreme Law. Moreover, whilst constitutionalization promotes the Constitution, it first and foremost contributes to the legitimization of criminal law itself. All constitutional principles, as set out in statutes and construed by the Council, are imbued with a humanistic philosophy. Formalization of and compliance with these principles encourage individuals to accept and subscribe to criminal law, as they see it as fair and well-founded. Constitutionalization is therefore a process driven by the growing interaction of authorities and a factor of legitimization of criminal law. Yet, whilst constitutionalization is a process, constitutional criminal law is its outcome. Constitutionalization does indeed give birth to a new kind of criminal law, constitutional criminal law. Now under the influence of the Constitution, criminal law is elaborated and applied in the light of the Supreme Law, and cannot be understood nor comprehended without reference to it
Persiaux, François Christophe. "Le contrôle des projets d'innovation de haute technologie : une contribution à la théorie élaborée à partir de cas observés de façon longitudinale à France Telecom." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHEC0001.
Full textAs far as management control and innovation are concerned, some researchers think it is worth studying their convergence. High technology innovation has proved to be at the core of this problem. Our research project aims therefore at conducting an empirical study of the relevant methods for controlling a High Technology Innovation Project (HTIP). This research project begins with a systematic analysis of the various modes of control for these projects. It is also based on a “participant observer” approach: thanks to observations in France Telecom – a company for whom these strategic stakes are important – this method helps enriching the conceptual framework of these modes of control. The observation of various projects in time enables us to eventually propose HTIP control performance criteria, thus broadening the knowledge of innovation
Oubenal, Mohamed. "Le processus social de légitimation des produits financiers. Le cas des Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) en France." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090021.
Full textThe focus of this thesis is to study the social process of legitimizing financial products, focusing primarily on Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) in France. Despite the complex nature of their « calculative device », ETFs have grown rapidly. This can be explained through promoters’ legitimizing efforts. Unlike neo-institutional theory which focuses on the cognitive dimension, this will emphasize the role of interdependencies and relationships in studying legitimizing efforts. This study is based on ethnographic research with semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations during conferences. We combine this qualitative research method with quantitative analysis of the network of information exchanged between marketers, traders, journalists, investors, regulators and academics. We evidence the existence of a « social niche » where competitors cooperate. The promoters exert social control on financial journalists to relay the positive aspects of their financial products. They also collaborate with EDHEC-Risk Institute to benefit from its academic status and gain more legitimacy