Journal articles on the topic 'Narcotic addicts'
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1
Shaffer, John W., David N. Nurco, John C. Ball, and Timothy W. Kinlock. "Patterns of Non-Narcotic Drug Use among Male Narcotic Addicts." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 3 (July 1986): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600309.
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In the course of lengthy, confidential interviews conducted with 354 male narcotic addicts (195 Black, 159 White) living in the Baltimore metropolitan area, detailed information was obtained concerning their use of non-narcotic drugs during periods of active addiction to narcotics (principally heroin) as well as during periods of non-addiction to narcotics. A wide variety of non-narcotic substances were found to have a nonzero incidence of use; however, both the types and amounts of non-narcotic drugs used, as well as the combinations (patterns) in which they were used, were found to be a joint function of race (Black/White) and narcotic addiction status (actively addicted/not addicted to narcotics). Factor analysis revealed three major patterns among Blacks during periods of active narcotic addiction, and a different three patterns during periods of nonaddiction. Among Whites, four major patterns were identified during periods of active narcotic addiction, and five during periods of nonaddiction. Subsequent applications of cluster analysis revealed several different types of addicts based on patterns of non-narcotic drug use.
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Girsang, Junimart, and Beny Kaissar Simanjuntak. "Analisis Kebijakan Rehabilitasi Narkotika Terhadap Pecandu dan Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Batam." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v5i1.614.
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In the year 2017, Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR) found in the Surabaya District Court, the majority of the pleas of the Public Prosecutor for the accused as addicts and victims of narcotics abuse for convicting prison were 90% (ninety percent) and 10% (ten percent) are terminated by the imposition of narcotics rehabilitation as an attempted conviction. Therefore, this research was conducted in Batam city as one of the regions with high levels of narcotics illicit trafficking.
The purpose of this study is to find out the procedures for implementing narcotic rehabilitation, to analyze the effectiveness of the law in the application of narcotic rehabilitation for addicts and victims of narcotics abuses in Batam City, and to measure the level of justice in providing penalization for addicts and victims of narcotics abusers processed through court verdicts. This research was carried out by conducting empirical legal research at the Riau Islands Police Narcotics Directorate, BNN Riau Islands Province, Batam District Court, and Batam BNN Rehabilitation Atelier.
The results of this study state that in applying narcotic rehabilitation to addicts and victims of narcotics abuse can be made through voluntary and through legal processes (compulsory). The implementation of narcotics rehabilitation for narcotics addicts and victims of narcotics abuses in Batam City is not effective and the level of justice in providing criminal sentences for addicts and victims of narcotics abusers who through the legal process is felt to be unfair.
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Adhitya, Dipa Tri, and Palupi Lindiasari Samputra. "Evaluasi Resiliensi Pasien Penyalahguna Narkotika Di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1394.
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BNN RI Regulation Number 24 of 2017 concerning Rehabilitation Services for Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse has the authority to carry out rehabilitation for narcotics users. Rehabilitation helps the addict recover from his addiction to drugs. With good resilience, the patient will be able to recover or adjust to adversity. This study aimed to analyze the factors that determine the level of strength and analyze the resilience index of narcotic abusers undergoing rehabilitation at the BNN Rehabilitation Center. This study used a quantitative method of survey type with a sample of 140 respondents. The data analysis method used factor analysis and index of resilience level. The results showed five factors of the resilience of addicts, namely Impulse Control, Empathy, Emotion Regulation, Achievement, and Problem Analysis. These five factors can explain the effect on the strength of 63.079%. Addicts show a high level of resilience of 82.33% after following a rehabilitation program
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Bailey, Richard C., Yih-Ing Hser, Shih-Chao Hsieh, and M. Douglas Anglin. "Influences Affecting Maintenance and Cessation of Narcotics Addiction." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400204.
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A sample of 354 narcotics addicts remanded to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) in 1962–64 was followed for over twenty-four years. Self-report data collected at initial treatment admission and in two follow-up interviews (1974–75 and 1985–86) included information on family history, patterns of drug use and criminal involvement, and other behaviors. The sample was classified into four exclusive groups: Winners (N=59), who had been abstinent from narcotics and other serious drug use and had not been involved in criminal activity during the thirty-six-month period prior to interview; Striving addicts ( N=46), who had been abstinent from narcotics use, but not necessarily other drugs, and had no incarceration for a period of twelve months prior to interview; Enduring addicts ( N=146), who had used narcotics and typically other drugs within the prior 12-month period, but had avoided incarceration; and Incarcerated addicts ( N=103), incarcerated at some time during the twelve-month period, and whose drug use was varied. Winners had generally negative familial experiences including little encouragement from parents, who in the main had adverse relationships, higher rates of sexual molestation, and were least happy in childhood. Despite this environment Winners evidenced early independence and self-confidence. Striving addicts were characterized by usually non-substance-using, church-going parents. Most had ceased narcotics use, but remained heavily involved with alcohol and marijuana. Enduring addicts, mostly from lower socioeconomic status families that exhibited extensive substance use and physical arguments, commonly accessed methadone treatment and avoided incarceration while persisting in narcotic addiction and crime. Incarcerated addicts, typically raised in dysfunctional, substance-using families, received the most parental caring along with the most severe punishment. They exhibited persistent involvement in crime, violence, and drug use.
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Nuryanto, Carto. "Reconstruction of Criminal Sanction and Rehabilitation Combating On Narcotic’s Victims Based On Religious Justice." Law Development Journal 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.1.1.1-6.
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During this time, law enforcement officials tend to impose criminal sanctions for victims of drug without rehabilitation but instead provide criminal sanctions such as prison. Without the detoxification process through medical and social rehabilitation process, they will soon be back looking for narcotics so out of prisons because of the association in the increasingly severe prison, As described in Act No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics Article 54 that the rehabilitation of abusers of Narcotics; “Addicts Narcotics and Narcotics abuse on victims to undergo mandatory medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation”. It is strengthened by the Supreme Court Circular No. 04 of 2010 concerning the Placement, Victims and Narcotic Addict Into The Rehabilitation Institute of Medical and Social Rehabilitation. Because of their position in this case is the victim, not the dealer let alone active users is appropriate that they get special treatment before the law. Law enforcement officials are supposed to be representatives of God on earth to be a judge and establishing the truth, fairest, it erred in sentencing. Besides religiously also does not reflect the nature of God's servants who are wise and fair.Keywords: Reconstruction; Sanctions; Narcotic’s Victim; Religious Justice.
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Lindblad, Richard. "Civil Commitment under the Federal Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 595–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800407.
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The Federal Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act (NARA) provided for compulsory treatment and supervised aftercare of narcotic addicts. The law was passed amid controversy as to whether addiction should be controlled by enforcement efforts or through treatment and prevention. Through NARA, treatment was permitted for offenders as a pre-trial civil commitment instead of prosecution for addicts convicted of specific crimes and for voluntary applicants. The law was complex in its implementation because each treatment category had burdensome legal and logistical particularities. Numerous “gatekeepers” screened and selected clients for admission resulting in frequent disagreement about clients' eligibility. Because capacity was limited during preliminary program development, many potential clients were rejected from the program. The program suffered criticism because of its high rejection rate and because of perceived high program costs. NARA was a relatively short-lived program superseded by other legislation Still, much was learned from the program and a national network of treatment providers resulted. Civil commitment proved to be an effective way of bringing narcotic addicts into treatment, and evaluations of those admitted show they did as well as or better than those treated in other settings.
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Erdianti, Ratri Novita. "ALTERNATIF PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DALAM KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i2.6006.
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Narcotics crime in Indonesia becomes a problem that until now never ceased. One of the problems is the increasing number of narcotics abusers. In our country, narcotic users/narcotics addicts can already be said as a criminal offender. In the Narcotics Act no. 35 of 2009 explained that what are meant by Narcotics Abusers are people who use Narcotics without rights or against the law. Persons who use narcotics unlawfully and unlawfully herein may be classified as addicts and distributors who use and conduct circulation. In the narcotics law, a drug addict victim of narcotics must undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. But in reality, the article for narcotics abusers is more directed at other positions in the positions of dealers whose criminal consequences become imprisonment. This is for the author less appropriate. So that efforts made in solving cases of perpetrators of criminal acts become part of criminal policy in the context of the prevention of narcotics crime. The problem that the writer raised is about the relevance of criminal prison for narcotics abusers with the purpose of punishment and how the application of alternative punishment against narcotics abusers from the perspective of criminal policy. This study was conducted using normative juridical, which examines Law no. 35 of 2009 which regulates the form of punishment for the perpetrators of narcotics abuse is associated with the theories in criminal law
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Bernardi, Elsa, Michael Jones, and Chris Tennant. "Quality of Parenting in Alcoholics and Narcotic Addicts." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 5 (May 1989): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.5.677.
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Alcoholics and heroin addicts were compared with a normal control group to determine whether there were differences in quality of parenting during childhood, assessed using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Maternal and paternal overprotection were reported more commonly by narcotic addicts. Maternal overprotection alone was implicated in alcoholics. Narcotic addicts seem to have more disturbed parenting than alcoholics, especially paternal parenting.
9
Nurco, David N., Mitchell B. Balter, and Timothy Kinlock. "Vulnerability to Narcotic Addiction: Preliminary Findings." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400206.
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This is a report of fieldwork methodology and preliminary findings from a controlled retrospective study of vulnerability to narcotic addiction comparing three groups of males closely matched by neighborhood, age, and race: a community-wide sample of narcotic addicts; a nonaddicted control sample of age-eleven peer associates of the addicts; and a nonaddicted community control sample of age-eleven peers who did not associate with the addicts. Fieldwork experience and preliminary findings suggest a strong selective association between friendship and deviance among narcotic addicts and their age-eleven associates — a relationship that is much less common in the two control groups, particularly community controls. Association with older deviants was also more characteristic of addicts than for the peer or community controls. Experience in the study also attests to the feasibility and merit of capturing historical data via retrospective, reconstructive sampling methods.
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Hardiman, Setiaki. "REHABILITASI ANAK PECANDU NARKOBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM." Ta'zir: Jurnal Hukum Pidana 4, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/tazir.v4i2.8546.
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Legal protection for children victims of narcotics abuse is the right of every child, therefore it is an obligation for parents, society and the government to provide protection for children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the process of implementing narcotics rehabilitation involving child drug addicts at the BNN in South Sumatra Province. The second objective is to analyze the implementation of rehabilitation of children with narcotics addicts according to Islamic criminal law. This research is a field research conducted at BNN South Sumatra Province. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Then the data that has been collected is analyzed descriptively qualitatively, and deductive conclusions are drawn.
Based on the results of the study, it shows that: First, the process of implementing narcotics rehabilitation involving child drug addicts at the South Sumatra National Narcotics Agency is in accordance with what is mandated by the Law on Narcotics and the Child Protection Act. As it is known that the rehabilitation center has done its job well, in rehabilitation it is not only social and medical rehabilitation, but also self-development and recreation accompanied by therapeutic remedies for narcotics addicts. Second, there are several obstacles in implementing rehabilitation for children who are narcotic addicts, namely the lack of knowledge of the community, especially families of narcotics addicts, and there are also families who do not know how to report to the BNN. Please also note that all of this rehabilitation is free of charge because the costs are borne by the ministry of health.
Keywords: rehabilitation, narcotics addicts, child narcotics
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Bangura, Mohamed. "Sociological Bout on the ‘Kushlization’ of Sierra Leonean Juveniles: A Freetown Clogging Communal Health Apocalypse." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(1).11.
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Sierra Leone’s illegal narcotic utilization enigma has augmented considerably amidst the ultimate dual decades [1]. Of specific concern has been the rising drift in narcotic or drug utilization among Sierra Leonean adolescents and juveniles [2]. Frequently utilized narcotics in Sierra Leone include Kush or K2, Marijuana, Tramadol, and to familiar stretch Cocaine. In this sociological inquiry, the researcher discusses worsen narcotic utilization amidst the ultimate dual decades in Sierra Leone, and how it is a grave imminent community health apocalypse. This sociological inquiry intents to scan the rudimentary incentives of the juveniles narcotic abusers and their rapport with their families and to pinpoint dilemmas and necessitates that juvenile narcotic abusers are encountering. The essential insistence is to diagnose the crux mainsprings of narcotic abuse and to entrust the family functional function for neutralization of narcotic abuse in the cultural community. The objective of this sociological inquiry is to diagnose the central root of narcotic abuse, situating attention into ‘Kush’ as the principal narcotic that is being abused amongst adolescents and juveniles addicts. The inquiry methodology entailed a review of books, direct social dialogues, focus cohort social dialogues and internet sites. A random selection was done to choose fourteen addicts who live in the streets of Freetown for questioning. A critical review of narcotic utilization mitigation programs right through the nation is required to secure that they are customized to adolescents and juveniles, a springing critical population for whom these benevolences are indispensable. Invigorating social safety groundwork, narcotic regulative schemes and statute implementation is desperately enforced to resist this imminent communal health apocalypse. The inquiry summarized that to accomplish this, a multi-stakeholder crucial path for cultural community consciousness, jurisdictive transformations to secure punitive measures for suppliers and increased juvenile offenders social contingencies are imperative.
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Sitorus, Rico Januar, and Merry Natalia. "Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pengguna Narkotika." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 9, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v9i4.748.
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AbstrakPenyalahgunaan narkotika yang melakukan hubungan seksual sebelummenikah, dan berganti-ganti mitra seksual merupakan perilaku berisiko.Masalah yang diakibatkan penyalahgunaan narkotika sangat kompleks,seperti masalah sosial dan kesehatan. Kecenderungan pengguna narkotika melakukan perilaku seksual dini dan tidak aman semakin memperparah kondisi kualitas hidup pecandu dan tentunya berdampak besar pada kelangsungan hidup di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui determinan perilaku seksual berisiko di kalangan pengguna narkotika. Metode penelitian adalah potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder kajian rekam medis di instalasi Medical Psikiatric Evaluation di rumah sakit ketergantungan obat (RSKO) Jakarta tahun 2013. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien ketergantungan narkotika yang dirawat inap di RSKO Cibubur selama tahun 2013. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang dirawat inap berjumlah 74 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa mayoritas responden telah melakukan perilaku seksual berisiko, yaitu sebesar 82,4% dengan usia pertama kali berhubungan seksual ≤ 17 tahun sebesar 78,4%. Usia pertama kali berhubungan seksual ≤ 17 tahun merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual berisiko di kalangan pecandu narkotika. Model akhir analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pengguna narkotika yang telah melakukan hubungan seksual ≤ 17 tahun berpeluang 6,74 kali (CI = 1,84 – 24,73) untuk melakukan perilaku seksual berisiko dibandingkan dengan pengguna narkotika > 17 tahun.AbstractNarcotic abuse having premarital sexual intercourse and multiple sexualpartners is risky behavior. Problems caused by narcotic abuse are verycomplex, such as social and health problems. Tendency of narcotic userscommitting early and unsafe sexual intercourse worsen condition of the addict’s quality of life and definitely has a big impact on life survival in the future. This study aimed to determine determinants of risky sexual behavior among narcotic users. The method was cross sectional study using secondary data of medical record assessment at Medical PsikiatricEvaluation installation in Jakarta hospital for drug addicts in 2013. The study population was narcotic-addicted patients hospitalized at Cibubur Hospital for Drug Addicts within 2013. Sample of this study was all hospitalized patients amounted to 74 respondents. Data analysis used was univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results proved that most respondents had committed risky sexual behaviors worth 82.4% in which the age of first intercourse ≤ 17 years old worth 78.4%. The age of first intercourse ≤ 17 years old was the most influential variable to risky sexual behavior among narcotic addicts. The final model of multivariate analysis showed that narcotic users who committed sexual intercourse ≤ 17 years had 6.74 times opportunity (CI = 1.84 – 24.73) to commit risky sexual behavior than > 17 yearold narcotic users.
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NURCO, DAVID N., JOHN C. BALL, JOHN W. SHAFFER, and THOMAS E. HANLON. "The Criminality of Narcotic Addicts." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 173, no. 2 (February 1985): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198502000-00006.
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Chaidar, Muhamad, and Budiarsih Budiarsih. "Implementation Double-Track System Criminal Sanctions and Rehabilitation Against Narcotic Abusers." SASI 28, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i3.974.
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Introduction: The application of sanctions is regulated in Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, which tends to impose criminal sanctions, does not have an impact, in fact there are more narcotics abusers. In accordance with the mandate of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics, addicts and victims of narcotics abuse are entitled to rehabilitation, both medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. In general, addicts and victims of narcotics abuse have not been able to access rehabilitation services, especially addicts and victims of narcotics abuse who are in prisons or detention centers.Purposes of the Research: focus of the formulation in this research is How to Analyze the Meaning of Medical Rehabilitation Obligations for Narcotics Addicts?.Methods of the Research: The method used in this research is the normative juridical method and the law approach as well as the conceptual approach. They are in medical rehabilitation and/or social rehabilitation institutions.Results of the Research: Researchers suggest to the Government and the DPR to add explanations for narcotics addicts in Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, by including the amount of medical rehabilitation financing provided to narcotics addicts in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Prior to the promulgation of the amount of medical rehabilitation financing, regarding the provision of medical rehabilitation for narcotics addicts it will be easier to implement, and for the public to increase participation in the prevention of narcotics addicts and accessibility to the settlement of litigation and non-litigation cases.
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Cok Satrya Aditya and Ani Purwanti. "Implementation of Sanctions against Addictive and Narcotic Abuse Perspective Restorative Justice." Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/polit.v3i1.847.
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Even though there is a law Number 35 Year 2009 about Narcotics, application of sanctions against addicts and abusers narcotics felt not fulfilling the principle of justice. So it is necessary to solve the problem using Restorative justice . The purpose of writing this article is to look at other solutions to imposing sanctions on addicts and abusers narcotics for the sake of creating a sense of justice. The method used is normative legal research using a conceptual approach and legislation. Then the formulation of the problem that the author can raise first is how to apply sanctions to addicts and abuse narcotics in Indonesia. second , how is the application of Restorative Justice in case narcotics in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that in Indonesia the application of sanctions against addicts and abuse narcotics Not yet in accordance with the principle of justice and efforts to apply sanctions for addicts and abusers narcotics use perspective Restorative Justice exists but has not worked as expected.
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Chandra, Tofik Yanuar, Joko Sriwidodo, and M.S. Tumanggor. "Rehabilitation of Narcotic Addictives: An Overview of Implementation and The Effort by Restorative Justice." KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 17, no. 3 (December 14, 2023): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v17i3.2427.
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The progress of narcotics addictives is very concerning today and certainly requires comprehensive, integrated and continuous handling. However, in several cases, judges did not consider Article 103 of the Narcotics Law to provide rehabilitation for addicts and victims of narcotics abuse. Based on the background above, the problems that will be discussed in this study are: how is the implementation of the rehabilitation process for addicts and victims of narcotics abuse in Indonesia? And how does restorative justice apply to narcotics addicts through the rehabilitation process? This research is normative legal research with descriptive nature. The research results show that the implementation of rehabilitation for addicts and victims of narcotics abuse in Indonesia can be seen from the data for 2021 and 2022. It shows that the punishment for most narcotics addicts is imprisonment. So that efforts are needed from law enforcement officials prioritising rehabilitation for narcotics addicts to enforce restorative justice law. One of the efforts of restorative justice from law enforcement officials against narcotics addicts is the establishment of the Attorney General's Guidelines Number 18 of 2021 concerning the Settlement of Handling Cases of Crime of Narcotics Abuse through Rehabilitation with a Restorative Justice Approach as the Implementation of the Prosecutor's Dominus Litis Principle.
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Arianto, Satriyo Bagus. "Kewenangan BNN dalam Pemberian Rehabilitasi Pada Pecandu Narkotika." Jurist-Diction 4, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jd.v4i5.29832.
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AbstractThis research entitled “BNN authority in giving rehabilitation to narcotic addicts”, This study employs doctrinal method by using statute approach and conseptual approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze research question in this study. There are two research questions in this study, they are: (1) Does BNN have the authority to give rehabilitation to narcotic addicts?, (2) what’s the basic consideration for BNN in giving rehabilitation to narcotic addicts?. This study concludes that BNN authority to give rehabilitation has derived a concept of authority to BNN based on special classification on rehabilitation. There are two category of special classification on rehabilitation. It consists of voluntary (narcotic addicts voluntarily reports themselves) and compulsory (narcotic addicts being caught by investigator). The compulsory category is divided into three parts which include rehabilitation given during court process, rehabilitation given outside court process and rehabilitation given after court decision or court injunction where investigator usually give rehabilitation after court decision or court injuction. Keywords: BNN Authority; Rehabilitation; Narcotic Addicts.AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Kewenangan BNN Dalam Pemberian Rehabilitasi Pada Pecandu Narkotika”. Dalam penelitian yang menggunakan metode doktrinal dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach) dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis rumusan masalah penelitian ini. Terdapat dua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Apakah BNN mempunyai kewenangan untuk memberikan rehabilitasi pada pecandu narkotika?; (2) Apa yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan BNN dalam pemberian rehabilitasi pada pecandu narkotika?. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kewenangan BNN untuk memberikan rehabilitasi menghasilkan suatu konsep kewenangan BNN berdasarkan klasifikasi rehabilitasi secara khusus. Terdapat dua klasifikasi rehabilitasi secara khusus yaitu secara voluntary (pecandu melaporkan diri) dan compulsory (pecandu tertangkap tangan oleh penyidik) dimana pada kategori compulsory dibagi menjadi tiga jenis yaitu, 1. Rehabilitasi yang diberikan selama proses peradilan (penyidikan, penuntutan dan persidangan di pengadilan); 2. Rehabilitasi diluar proses peradilan; 3. Rehabilitasi yang diberikan setelah putusan atau penetapan pengadilan dimana penyidik biasa memberikan rehabilitasi setelah adanya putusan atau penetapan pengadilan. Kata Kunci: Kewenangan BNN; Rehabilitasi; Pecandu Narkotika.
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Horn, E. H., H. R. Henderson, and J. A. H. Forrest. "Admissions of Drug Addicts to a General Hospital: A Retrospective Study in the Northern District of Glasgow." Scottish Medical Journal 32, no. 2 (April 1987): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308703200205.
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Medical and surgical admissions of drug addicts to Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow in the period 1980–1984 were reviewed. Admission numbers, which totalled 123, rose markedly over the period of the study, particularly in the final year. The mean age of addicts was 21 years. Ninety-two per cent abused heroin but many abused combinations of drugs. Inadvertent narcotic overdosage was the commonest diagnosis amongst medical admissions followed by deep venous thrombosis. A small number of cases of staphylococcal endocarditis presented particular problems in diagnosis and management. The commonest reason for surgical admission was abscess formation. Whilst 85% of addicts showed markers of past infection with hepatitis B, chronic carriage of surface antigen occurred in only 10%. Few addicts had withdrawal symptoms although the practice of narcotic and/or tranquilliser prescribing varied. Many admissions were of short duration with 36% ending in patients taking their own discharge. Only 16% of addicts were notified to the Home Office.
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Michels, Ingo Ilja. "Heroin-Based Treatment." Journal of Drug Issues 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 523–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260203200212.
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This article describes the history of the heated legal controversy in Germany about prescribing medicinal narcotics. The professional corporations of medical doctors have claimed a right to govern the interpretation and definition of legal terms and for a long time resisted the clinical insights and practical experience about maintenance treatment that had been gathered from abroad. The next logical step was to prescribe heroin – also formerly a licensed medication – in cases where methadone was not accepted or physically tolerated by patients. Slowly the social and political taboos against providing narcotic maintenance to addicts have been removed. The author addresses the question of whether prescribing heroin to addicts can reduce health and social problems and improve the client's quality of life.
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Muslimah, Muslimah. "Terapi Mandi Terhadap Pecandu Narkotika Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodir Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta." Coution : journal of counseling and education 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47453/coution.v1i2.114.
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This study aims to determine how the process and benefits of bath therapy for narcotic addicts at Al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, Cangkringan, Sleman Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative research with two clients who undergo healing due to narcotics addiction. Methods of data collection by interview, observation, documentation. The method of checking the validity of the data used the "triangulation" technique. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study describe that the process of bathing therapy carried out by narcotic addicts at the Al-Qodir Islamic boarding school goes through several stages. The first is the preparation stage, namely the therapist preparing the facilities, waking the narcotic addicts santri, and reading prayers into the bathroom. The second stage of implementation is the intention to bathe, perform ablution, and pour water all over the body. The third stage of closing is reading the prayer out of the bathroom, and giving suggestions from the therapist.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses dan manfaat terapi mandi terhadap pecandu narkotika di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodir Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian dua orang klien yang menjalani penyembuhan akibat pecandu narkotika. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Metode pemeriksaan keabsahan data dengan tehnik “triangulasi”. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bahwa proses terapi mandi yang dilakukan oleh para santri pecandu narkotika di pondok pesantren Al-Qodir ini melalui beberapa tahapan. Pertama tahap persiapan yaitu terapis menyiapkan sarana, membangunkan para santri pecandu narkotika, dan membaca do’a masuk kamar mandi. Tahap kedua pelaksanaan yaitu niat mandi, berwudhu, menyiramkan air ke seluruh tubuh. Tahap ketiga penutupan yaitu membaca do’a keluar kamar mandi, dan memberikan sugesti dari terapis.
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Bakri, Nurdin, and Barmawi Barmawi. "EFEKTIFITAS REHABILITASI PECANDU NARKOTIKA MELALUI TERAPI ISLAMI DI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL (BNN) BANDA ACEH." Psikoislamedia : Jurnal Psikologi 2, no. 1 (September 9, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v2i1.1827.
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The purpose of this research is to improve the understanding, appreciation and use of Islamic values in all aspects of life. This discussion entitled "The effectiveness of the rehabilitation of narcotic addicts through Islamic therapy in the national narcotics agency (BNN) Banda Aceh". As for the purpose of this research is to know the process of da'wah and efforts and obstacles faced by National Narcotics Agency of Banda Aceh in rehabilitating drug addicts. This research is qualitative with descriptive approach that is doing observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of rehabilitation through da'wah in BNN Aceh Province, there are activities that are given are follow religious study activities, listening to spiritual (religious lecture), praying in congregation, reading the Qur'an or short letters, and Do'a together every Monday after inshaa. The tasks of the counselor of rehabilitation through da'wah are: Teaching the science of Islamic religion to the patient, forming a strong Muslim personality, reinforcing the spirit of faith and devotion in the soul, educating patients to beristiqwaan in running the religion, instilling Islamic values through individual approach, Or provide deeds that can awaken drug addicts from the bad habit of taking drugs. The obstacles faced by BNNP Aceh in the rehabilitation of drug addicts are the lack of staff in dealing with victims, the number of victims of narcotics abuse and the non-acceptance of drug abuse victims in the community.
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Saputra, Warfian, and Herizal Kurniawan. "Kebijakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Kejahatan Narkotika Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jambi Nomor: 228/PID.SUS/2022/PN.JMB." Wajah Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v7i1.1215.
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Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics is a substantive criminal policy, which is accompanied by various other legal rules in the process of prosecuting the perpetrators of narcotic crimes in the form of the High Court Edaran Letter No. 04 of 2010 on the placement of abuse, abuse victims and drug addicts in medical rehabilitation institutions and social rehabilitation. The SEMA was distributed by the Supreme Court of the Court of Justice in the criminal justice system so it is expected to be a judge in deciding on the crime of Narcotics. Narcotic crime is the biggest crime that exists in Indonesia so it is necessary to enforce the criminal law wisely and wisely. From the data obtained from the Sub Section of Registration of the Institute of Marketing Class IIA Jambi, the current number of inhabitants is 1.316 People. A total of 757 people were civilians with drug cases and 254 of them were residues of drug cases.
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LEWIS, COLLINS E., JAMES A. HALIKAS, CAROLYN MORSE, and JOHN D. RIMMER. "Alcoholism in Narcotic Addicts with Antisocial Personality." Addiction 82, no. 3 (March 1987): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01484.x.
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TENNANT, CHRIS, and ELSA BERNARDI. "Childhood Loss in Alcoholics and Narcotic Addicts." Addiction 83, no. 6 (June 1988): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02600.x.
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Khantzian, Edward John. "DSM-III Psychiatric Diagnosis of Narcotic Addicts." Archives of General Psychiatry 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790340045007.
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Rama Revanza, Ira Novri Anggraini, Kartika Cantamala, Zakiah Rani Amanda, Lidia, Peri, Dicky Wandira Aditya Putra, et al. "RESILIENCE IN CHILDREN CAUGHT IN DRUGS CASE IN PALEMBANG CLASS I LPKA WITH ISLAMIC PSYCHOTRAPHY APPROACH." Journal of Islamic Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61994/jipbs.v1i1.4.
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Narcotics cases are the biggest cases in Indonesia, both users or dealers and dealers. Narcotics users in LPKA 1 Palembang are dominated by teenagers so that the psychological condition resulting from the use of narcotics is prone to experiencing depression, stress and excessive anxiety. The purpose of this study was to find out and overcome resilience in children who were caught in drug cases at LPKA 1 Palembang with an Islamic psychotherapy approach. The method used is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach and uses Islamic psychotherapy interventions. Research subjects amounted to 3 people. Data collection was obtained using interviews and observations. Data analysis uses descriptive and deductive techniques (describes and describes all problems clearly and in detail). The results of this study show that through Islamic psychotherapy intervention, namely gestalt therapy, to overcome the attitudes of children who are caught in drug cases in Class I LPKA Palembang. Islamic psychotherapy interventions carried out at LPKA Class I Palembang on narcotic addicts were able to build good resilience. The resilience possessed by Narcotics addicts cannot be separated from the learning process obtained during the detention period.
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Widiasyam, Salma, Oheo Haris, and Siti Aisah Abdullah. "Criminal Law Study on Narcotics Abuse Rehabilitation." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v5i1.25330.
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The purpose of this research is to determine whether the rehabilitation of the victims of narcotics abuse in the decree of the District Court of Kendari No. 236/Pid. Sus/2019/PN K has fulfilled the element of Article 54 Act number 35 year 2009. The type of research used in this study is normative research, using the Statute Approach, Case Approach, Conceptual Approach.Based on the results the authors conclude that narcotic addicts and narcotics abuse victims are obliged to undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The judge in the its verdict prosecute convicted because it has been proven legally and committed guilty of committing a criminal offence "narcotic abuse for himself", dropping a criminal against the defendant with imprisonment for 1 (one) year and 2 (two) months have in accordance with article 127 paragraph (1) of Law No. 35 Year 2009. However, in the ruling judge ignores article 127 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of Law No. 35 Year 2009 that the obligation of the judge in providing rehabilitation efforts against the defendant cases of drug abuse in line with the issuance of Circular Letter of Supreme Court No. 4 Year 2010.
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Paigham, Abdul Manan, Mohammad Taqi Anwari, and Palwasha Seraj. "Narcotics Related Deaths in the Kabul Forensic Medicine Center in 2018 and 2019." Eximia 12 (September 1, 2023): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v12i1.338.
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Introduction: Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are substances that, even in small quantities, can lead to substantial changes in the body, mind, or both. These substances have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and disrupt mood and perception. Examples of such substances include opiates, alcohol, hashish, cocaine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (commonly known as ecstasy or the drug "K"). Deaths resulting from narcotic poisoning refer to cases in which one or more narcotics are found in the body. Objectives: obtaining the prevalence of death due to narcotic drugs and psychotropic in forensic cases Method: The research was conducted through descriptive cross sectional study in Kabul Forensic Medicine Center in the year 2019 and 2018. Results: Out of 2838 cases that were referred to the Kabul Forensic Medicine center in the year 2019 and 2018, (14%) were due to narcotic drugs and the rest were due to other causes of death. Deaths due to narcotic drugs in 2019, compared to 2018, showed an increase of 17.47%. The majority of cases were in the range of 21-40 years (an average of 30 years) which included 58.2 % of entire cases: 97% of the cases were males, 57.5% were single, most of them were unemployed (39.3%), low educated and illiterate cases were 53.39%, and the lowest cases were with higher education (8.98%). The highest incidence happened in the winter (51.69%), and the lowest in the summer (13.8%). The most common cause of narcotics-related death were opiates (75.7%) and a significant of the narcotics were MDMA (please mention the complete form at least once) (5.8%). Most cases occur in the first (17%), fifth (16%), eighth (15%) and third (11.65%) security districts of Kabul city Conclusion: narcotic -related death make up about one-seventh of all forensic cases, which are on the rise, mostly among young, male, single, illiterate, unemployed, and low-income people. Most of the causes of drug-related deaths are opium and addicts. The significant point of cases was MDMA (K tablet) (5.8%), which has become common among young people in recent years. Most incidents occur in the winter and from central and western parts of Kabul.
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Madancy, Joyce A. "Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China. BY FRANK DIKÖTTER, LARS LAAMANN, and ZHOU XUN. [Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2004. 319 pp. $35.00. ISBN 0-226-14905-6.]." China Quarterly 181 (March 2005): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005310101.
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In the burgeoning sub-field of narcotic history in China, Narcotic Culture stands out as a revision of the revisionist literature. Most scholars now concur that the nature and extent of China's narcotic “problem” has been grossly exaggerated over time, and recent scholarship has reinterpreted opiates as key components of social, economic and political developments in the late Qing and Republican eras. But Narcotic Culture goes well beyond this reassessment in an interpretation that relies on a wide range of archival and other primary sources, as well as a methodology that successfully blends history and anthropology. Dikötter, Laamann and Zhou take issue with the “narcophobic discourse” (p. 2) that has characterized the rhetoric of drug use and abuse in China and, even more significant, they dispute the assumption that various attempts to prohibit opium and other narcotics were positive developments that reflected state strength or rising Chinese nationalism. Instead, the authors build a strong case for their contention that it was prohibition that generated a social and economic disaster for many Chinese.The first half of the book is devoted to debunking what the authors term “the opium myth,” the idea that opium caused more harm than good and was largely responsible for the downfall of Chinese civilization. They establish that opium use was not confined to China, most Chinese opium smokers were not addicts, and many smokers sought the drug's valued medical benefits. They hypothesize that opium abuse in China was largely prevented by a smoking culture that valued decorum and encouraged complex and time consuming rituals. The authors also note that any valid historical examination of narcotics in China must have a global focus and should seek to extricate the drug from the multilayered socio-cultural meanings that have, at various times, transformed a legitimate medicine into a moral problem.
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Tika, Ela Dwi, Syafruddin Ritonga, and Rosmala Dewi. "Efektivitas Kinerja Klinik Pratama Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Merehabilitasi Rawat Jalan Pecandu Narkotika." PERSPEKTIF 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v8i1.2542.
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<h1>Effectiveness is the degree to which a social system reaches its goal. While performance is a result of a whole during a certain period in carrying out his duties. The National Narcotics Agency Sumatra Province serves to assist the recovery of narcotics addicts or abuse by means of outpatient rehabilitation. As for the outpatient rehabilitation involves teams of doctors and nurses trained, Standard Operational Procedure that is conducted by a team of medical assesment service is to know the degree of severity and therapeutic rehabilitation plan for the client. This type of research is qualitative research methods focusing to clinical performance effectiveness pratama in outpatient rehabilitation for addicts of narcotic drugs. The nature of this research is descriptive. The location of the research carried out in the way of West V William Iskandar Market Numbers.1A Field Estate. The results showed that the performance of the employees Klinik Pratama is said to be quite effective due to obstacles. Factors that play a role in achieving clincial effectiveness pratama is the achievement of targets, adaptability, job satisfaction, and responsibility. The existing barriers in the form of skimpy budgets, a lack of medical personnel and the lack of infrastructure repair facility.</h1>
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Nurco, David N., and Monroe Lerner. "Vulnerability to Narcotic Addiction: Family Structure and Functioning." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 4 (October 1996): 1007–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600415.
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This retrospective case-control study of male narcotic addicts was aimed at determining whether family structure and functioning factors, self-reported retrospectively as occurring during early teen age, were associated with subsequent addiction. It contrasted a reference group of addicts with two matched control groups: their teenage associates at age 11 (peer controls), and age-peers residing in their community but not close associates (community controls). The study population was equally divided between white and black subjects. Study results showed that during early teenage intact family structure (defined here as residence in a household consisting of both natural parents) was negatively associated at statistically significant levels with addiction. Family functioning factors negatively associated with later addiction, independently of family structure, included: strong attachment to father or father figure, positive home atmosphere, strong parental adherence to traditional norms, and expected weak parental disapproval of (hypothetical) misbehaviors by subjects if these had in fact occurred. Attachment to mother or mother figure was almost equally very high among reference and control subjects and, hence, was not associated with later addiction.
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Nurco, D. "Crime as a source of income for narcotic addicts." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2, no. 2 (1985): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-5472(85)90035-2.
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Bawono, Bambang Tri, and Gunarto Gunarto. "THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST NARCOTICS CRIMINAL ACTIONS WHO SHOULD BE ON REHABILITATION." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v9i1.20536.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the process of law enforcement for narcotics crimes and the legal basis used as a reference for rehabilitation. The approach method used in this research is a sociological juridical approach. Criminal sanctions related to the five criminal acts above also have different consequences, depending on the type of narcotic class used. Criminal provisions regarding narcotics criminals possessing, storing, controlling or providing narcotics are regulated in Article 112, Article 117, and Article 122 of Act No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. In addition to the law prohibiting possessing, storing, controlling or providing narcotics, the Narcotics Law also explicitly regulates the prohibition of producing, importing, exporting, or distributing narcotics. The prohibition is regulated in Article 113, Article 118, and Article 123 of Act No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The results of this study indicate that the process of law enforcement against narcotics crimes is carried out through investigation, prosecution, and examination in court. While the legal basis used by judges to rehabilitate narcotics criminals is: Supreme Court Circular No. 4 of 2010 concerning Placement of Victims of Abuse and Narcotics Addicts in Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation Institutions.
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Kim, Ji-Yoon. "Perioperative care for drug abusers in the opioid crisis era." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 66, no. 5 (May 10, 2023): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.5.314.
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Background: Narcotic abuse and addiction have recently emerged as significant global issues. The consumption of dependence-inducing substances has become increasingly prevalent among younger generations in numerous countries, exacerbating the problem. Until 2015, South Korea had been relatively narcotic-free; however, this is no longer true. Consequently, encountering narcotic abusers in clinical settings, including operating rooms, is becoming more common. It is crucial to be prepared for these phenomena.Current Concepts: Research on managing narcotic abusers during the perioperative period remains insufficient. In 2023, the American Society of Regional Anesthesiologists and Pain Medicine published guidelines for the perioperative management of cannabinoid users. The decision to discontinue or continue medical cannabinoids before surgery remains uncertain. When managing patients with short- or long-term exposure to cannabinoids, anesthetic requirements tend to decrease in cases of acute intoxication and increase among long-term users. Therefore, the duration from the last use should be considered when adjusting the anesthetic dose.Discussion and Conclusion: Punishment is not a viable solution in a reality where narcotic abuse is increasingly common. Preventing addiction in individuals and supporting addicts’ treatment and rehabilitation is essential. There is an urgent need for interest and research focused on narcotic abuse.
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Gunarto, Gunarto, Sri Odit Megonondo, and Bambang Tri Bawono. "Legal Reconstruction of the Regulations for Stopping the Prosecution of Narcotic Addicts within the Framework of Restorative Justice Based on Justice Value." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i01.003.
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This research consists of 2 (two) main issues, namely the Weaknesses of Regulations on the Cessation of Prosecution of Narcotics Addicts in the Framework of Restorative Justice and Efforts to reconstruct regulations on stopping the prosecution of narcotics addicts within the framework of restorative justice based on values of justice. This type of research is descriptive analysis, using a sociological legal research approach. Sociological juridical research, namely legal research using legal principles and principles in reviewing, viewing, and analyzing problems, in the study, in addition to reviewing the implementation of law in practice. Research Result Shows that the weaknesses mentioned by the author is in the legal substance: the prosecutor's authority to stop prosecution that is not based on restorative justice, there are still many narcotics addicts who end up with prison sentences. Then legal structure: there is no consensus on restorative justice among members or law enforcement officials. And, in legal culture: when the prosecutor indicted and in his charge used Article 127, the judge dominantly gave a prison sentence, as if he did not care that the defendant was also a victim of the crime he had committed. To overcome this, a legal reconstruction is needed in Article 140 Paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code by adding the termination of prosecution by the prosecutor as the controller of the case with the concept of restorative justice. Reconstruction of article 111 of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics by adding rehabilitation sanctions for narcotics addicts as an option for legal certainty and the effectiveness of sanctions in the field.
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NURCO, DAVID N., THOMAS E. HANLON, TIMOTHY W. KINLOCK, and KAREN R. DUSZYNSKI. "DIFFERENTIAL CRIMINAL PATTERNS OF NARCOTIC ADDICTS OVER AN ADDICTION CAREER*." Criminology 26, no. 3 (August 1988): 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00848.x.
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Mason, A. B., S. E. Pugh, and D. W. Holt. "Cardiac Glycoside Toxicity Resulting from Cough Linctus Abuse." Human Toxicology 6, no. 3 (May 1987): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718700600315.
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Proprietry cough medicines are often abused by drug addicts as they are freely available and, in many instances, contain narcotic substances. A variety of other compounds are present in these products, including compounds structurally related to the commonly prescribed cardiac glycosides. We report a case in which severe cardiac glycoside toxicity resulted from the abuse of such a preparation.
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Maryani, Indah. "DEKRIMINALISASI PENGGUNA NARKOBA : POLITIK KRIMINAL PENANGGULANGAN PROBLEMATIKA OVERCAPACITY LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN DI INDONESIA." Yustitia 7, no. 2 (November 8, 2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/yustitia.v7i2.141.
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Prison overcapacity is one of the crucial legal issues at this time, in this case the overcapacity has reached 204%. The large number of narcotic convicts is one of the causes of prison overcapacity, related to this, narcotics convicts reach 50% of the total inmates in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for drug users, namely abusers and drug addicts to be handled with non-penal efforts and decriminalization of drug abusers in order to reduce the level of overcapacity of prisons in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research that prioritizes secondary data. The results of the study confirm that addicts and abusers are victims who are entitled to protection so as not to become victims of criminal acts and have the right to obtain guarantees or rehabilitation for the losses they have received. So that non-penal efforts are needed to protect the rights of victims and decriminalization needs to be done as part of criminal politics to bring criminal law to a better direction, in this case upholding the rights of victims and being a solution to the problem of overcapacity in prisons in Indonesia.
Keywords: Overcapacity, decriminalization, rehabilitation
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Mykhaylyshyn, Ulyana В. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MOTIVATIONAL SPHERE OF DRUG ADDICTS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 2 (2019): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201902103.
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Introduction: The article considers the psychological features of motivational sphere of drug addicts. The article presents the results of the empirical study of the specifics of motivational sphere of drug addicts with the subsequent statistical analysis. The aim of this study is to identify psychological characteristics of motivational sphere of drug addicts. Materials and methods: The research has been conducted at Transcarpathian Oblast Narcological Dispensary (Uzhhorod, Ukraine). The experiment involved 30 drug addicts of different age and sexes. In order to diagnose the motivational sphere of drug addicts, the following methods have been used: Diagnostics of motivation to avoid failure by T. Ehlers; Measuring the motivation to success by T. Ehlers; Diagnostics of risk attitude by G. Schubert. Results: It has been found that the determining factors of motivation for drug abuse are: social and psychological conditions of life, factors of group influence, direct psychophysiological influence of drugs, daring illusory satisfaction. It has been determined that young people with unstable spiritual needs and lack of stable positive interests are the category who is the most inclined to drug abuse. Conclusions: The data of statistical, quantitative and qualitative analysis has been obtained allowing concluding that the development of destructive motivation affects the inclination to using the narcotic substances.
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Nurco, David N., Robert J. Blatchley, Thomas E. Hanlon, Kevin E. O'Grady, and Maureen McCarren. "The Family Experiences of Narcotic Addicts and Their Subsequent Parenting Practices." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 24, no. 1 (January 1998): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952999809001698.
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Nurco, David N., John W. Shaffer, Thomas E. Hanlon, Timothy W. Kinlock, Karen R. Duszynski, and Philip Stephenson. "Relationships between client/counselor congruence and treatment outcome among narcotic addicts." Comprehensive Psychiatry 29, no. 1 (January 1988): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-440x(88)90037-5.
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Arditasari, Arinda Intan. "The Double Track System Application Effectiveness Against Addictives And Drug Abusers In Purbalingga Regency." UMPurwokerto Law Review 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/umplr.v3i1.11151.
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AbstractNarcotics is a great crime that significantly impacts the country, especially the nation's generation. Based on Narcotics Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, Narcotics are divided into three types: Narcotics, Psychotropics, and other addictive substances. The settlement of narcotics crimes is not only imprisonment but there are sanctions for rehabilitation measures for the category of narcotics users, namely addicts and narcotics abusers who are not narcotics dealers or couriers. This research aims to benefit the general public as a reference for written works after this and can provide solutions to existing problems. This study uses a normative juridical method with interviews with related parties. Researchers get results research that during 2020 there were addicts and narcotics abusers arrested in conditions that BNN Purbalingga Regency and Police Investigators arrested 30 people. Then an Integrated Assessment Test (TAT) was held by BNN. Of the 30 people, only two were ordered for rehabilitation, and the other 28 were only in prison. The results of the (TAT) are not used as a consideration to rehabilitate the suspect because the judge also sees the facts in court. There is no phrase "possessing, controlling, storing, or providing narcotics" that should be borne by the party who becomes the dealer, dealer, or courier. However, these phrases are often applied to drug abusers or addicts, causing almost 70% of prisons or correctional institutions in Indonesia to be filled with drug offenders and causing new problems in prisons. There are overcapacity and drug transactions in detention centers or prisons.Keywords: Narcotics, Double Track System, Addicts, and Narcotic AbuserAbstrakTindak pidana narkotika merupakan kejahatan luar biasa yang sangat berdampak besar pada negara terutama pada generasi bangsa. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Narkotika Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, Narkotika dibagi menjadi 3 jenis yaitu Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat adiktif lainnya. Penyelesaian tindak pidana narkotika tidak hanya pidana penjara saja tetapi ada sanksi tindakan berupa rehabilitasi untuk kategori pengguna narkotika yaitu pecandu dan penyalahguna narkotika yang bukan merupakan pengedar atau kurir narkotika. Tujuan adanya penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan manfaat kepada khalayak umum sebagai referensi karya-karya tulis setelah ini dan bisa memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan dilengkapi wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait. Peneliti mendapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa sepanjang tahun 2020 terdapat pecandu dan penyalahguna narkotika yang ditangkap dalam kondisi tertangkap tangan oleh BNN Kabupaten Purbalingga dan Penyidik Polri terdapat 30 orang kemudian diselenggarakan Tes Asesmen Terpadu (TAT) oleh BNN. Dari 30 orang itu hanya 2 orang yang diperintahkan untuk rehabilitasi sedangkan 28 orang lainnya hanya pidana penjara. Hasil (TAT) tidak dijadikan hakim untuk merehabilitasi tersangka karena hakim juga melihat fakta-fakta yang ada dipersidangan. Didalam praktiknya Unsur frasa “memiliki, menguasai, menyimpan atau menyediakan narkotika” seharusnya dikenakan kepada pihak yang menjadi bandar, pengedar, atau kurir. Namun frasa tersebut sering dikenakan kepada pihak penyalahguna atau pecandu narkotika sehingga menyebabkan Rutan atau Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Indonesia hampir 70% diisi oleh pelaku perkara narkotika dan menimbulkan permasalahan baru di dalam Rutan/Lapas tak lain adalah kelebihan kapasitas dan terjadinya transaksi narkotika di dalam Rutan/Lapas.Kata kunci: Narkotika, Double Track System, Pecandu dan Penyalahguna Narkotika
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Saikhu, M. "DEKRIMINALISASI BAGI PENYALAHGUNA, KORBAN PENYALAHGUNAAN DAN PECANDU NARKOTIKA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG NARKOTIKA." Negara dan Keadilan 9, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukum.v9i1.7493.
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Penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkoba menjadi permasalahan serius hampir di setiap Negara, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Karena kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah Pecandu di Indonesia semakin hari semakin meningkat. Hal ini tentunya harus mendapatkan penanganan yang lebih serius dari semua komponen, baik pemerintah maupun swasta. Sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, Penyalahguna Narkotika wajib direhabilitasi, yang diperkuat dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2010 tentang penempatan Penyalahguna, bahwa Korban Penyalahguna dan Pecandu Narkotika ditempatkan ke dalam Lembaga Rehabilitasi Medis dan Sosial. Undang Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika mengatur double track system pemidanaan, yaitu hakim dapat memutuskan hukuman pidana penjara dan dapat memutuskan tindakan rehabilitasi bagi Penyalahguna Narkotika. Hakim berperan sangat penting sesuai amanat Undang Undang untuk melakukan dekriminalisasi sehingga permintaan berkurang. Langkah ini bisa mengurangi suplai yang berdampak pada penanggulangan masalah Narkoba di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Narkotika; Penyalahgunaan; DekriminalisasiAbuse and trafficking in illegal drugs is a serious problem in almost every country, no exception in Indonesia. Because the fact shows that the number of addicts in Indonesia is increasing the day. This should certainly get more serious handling from all components, both government and private. As mandated in law number 35 year 2009 concerning narcotics, narcotic abusers is obliged to be rehabilitated, which was strengthened in the circular letter of the Supreme Court No. 4 year 2010 on the placement of abusers, that abusers victims and narcotics addicts were placed into the institute. Medical and social rehabilitation. Law Number 35 year 2009 about narcotics set up double track system Pemidanaan, that is, the judge can decide the prison sentence and can decide the rehabilitation action for abusers narcotics. The judge plays a crucial role according to the law's mandate to decriminalize so that demand decreases. This step can reduce supply that has an impact on the prevention of drug problems in Indonesia. Keywords: narcotics; Abuse Of
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РЕПИНСКИЙ О.Д., РЕПИНСКИЙ О. Д., and ДУЛОВА К. В. ДУЛОВА К.В. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMBATING THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(163) (May 9, 2024): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.163.2.065.
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В статье основное внимание уделяется организационным и правовым аспектам борьбы с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, а также профилактика и реабилитация наркозависимых. Противостояние незаконному обращению наркотических препаратов и психоактивных веществ требует всестороннего подхода, включая создание и осуществление действенных организационноправовых механизмов. Организационно-правовые аспекты противодействия незаконному обороту наркотических средств и психотропных веществ играют ключевую роль в защите общества от их негативных последствий. The article focuses on the organizational and legal aspects of combating drug trafficking, as well as the prevention and rehabilitation of drug addicts. Countering the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychoactive substances requires a comprehensive approach, including the creation and implementation of effective organizational and legal mechanisms. The organizational and legal aspects of countering illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances play a key role in protecting society from their negative consequences.
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Hamitov, R. F., I. G. Mustafin, and O. L. Chernova. "Clinical and immunological parallels in patients with drug addiction." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 5 (October 15, 2012): 796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1713.
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Drug addiction is a current serious medical and social problem. The continuing all over the world during the last several decades tendency of narcotic drug use growth has leaded to significant increase in the number of patients with drug abuse and number of associated internal diseases. A huge number of diseases have the particular features of clinical course in drug addicts with chronic drug intoxication compared to patients without it, which is related primarily to serious disorders of drug addicts’ immune system, i.e. with marked immunodeficiency. Immunotropic drug effects were and still are closely studied, a lot of data concerning various cellular and humoral immunity impairments in patients with substance abuse were gained, but most of them are controversial, scattered and not systemic. Because of immunity reconstitution developing in patients with drug abuse, different infections including viral hepatites, HIV-infection, pneumonias, tuberculosis, infective endocarditis and septicemia are characteristic for this patient subgroup. Further research on etiology, immunopathogenesis and clinical features of those diseases in drug addicts are still actual.
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Antoni Bielewicz. "Drug addiction as a social phenomenon. the history of the problem in Poland." Archives of Criminology, no. XV (November 9, 1988): 251–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1988f.
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The phenomenon of drug addiction has been known in Poland for at least several dozen years. In the period of the second Republic, it was not a major social problem. In 1933, the total of 295 addicts were hospitalized in Poland. According to pre-war researchers, the number of drug addicts could be estimated at over 5 thousand persons in the early 1930s. The pre-war addicts took first of all classic drugs: morphine, heroin, and cocaine. Also codeine, Somniphrene and Pantopon were rather frequently taken. Less frequent was the use of hashish, mescaline and peyotl. Headache wafers played the part of substitutes. According to the data of the health service and the Warsaw public prosecutor's office, about three – fourth of drug addicts were men. Most addicts were in their thirties; hardly any could be found among the youth, as far as morphinism is concerned in particular. This type of addiction could be found nearly exclusively among persons aged over 30. The situation shaped ,somewhat differently as regards codeine addicts: also younger persons. could be found in this group. In the socio professional structure of addicts included in the files of the Warsaw public prosecutor's office, clerks prevailed; their percentage amounting to 30. The second most numerous group were craftsmen and tradesmen-,13 per cent, and the third on -representatives of medical professions (chemists, doctors, surgeon, assistants, nurses, midwifes) of whom there were 9 per cent. The percentage of workers was 2, of prostitutes-5, and artists-4. In the opinion of the most of the pre-war researchers, the above socio-professional structure is distorted. According to them, drug-addiction was much more widespread among officers (of the air force and navy in particular), artists, writers and journalists. As regards religion, pre-war addicts constituted as varied a mosaic as the entire society in those days. There were among them representatives of all of the most numerous religious groups then found in Poland. Roman Catholics were most, and members of the orthodox church-least :susceptible to drug addiction. The pre-war researchers of drug addiction devoted a lot of attention to the problem of etiology of this ,,social disease'' Some of them stressed above all the medical-others-the economic and political, and still others - the cultural or those related to civilization causes. There were also conceptions that laid particular emphasis on physiology and biochemistry of the human body. The evolution of drug addiction in the post-war forty years may be divided into four stages. The first of them lasted till about mid-1960s. The extent of the phenomenon was then limited, with the average of about 400 persons treated in out-patient clinics, and about 150 -in psychiatric hospitals. Also the police statistics point to small sizes of this phenomenon. In 1967, as few as 9 offences directly related to drug addiction were recorded in Poland. Drug addicts of those days descended from rather specific circles. They were mostly representatives of medical professions, that is persons with a relatively easy access to drugs. Over 90 per cent of all morphine addicts were employees of the health service. Drugs taken most frequently were the classical ones;(morphine, cocaine), tranquilizers (Glimid, Tardyl) and stimulants (amphetamines). In thest period, one could hardly speak of drug addiction as a subcultural phenomenon. It was mainly a medical problem. The majority of the drug taking persons were those already dependent. The addicts of those days formed no close groups sharing a given ideology, specific symbols or language. The taking of narcotic drugs was not a social but an individual behaviour in most cases. The second stage are the late 1960s and the early 1970s. In that period, a rapid growth in the extent of drug addiction can be noticed. In the years 1969-1973, the number of patients treated because of drug addiction in out-patient psychiatric clinics was quintupled, and in psychiatric hospitals, tripled. In 1972, there were about 3,150 patients treated in psychiatric clinics, and about 600 in psychiatric hospitals. Also the number of offences directly related to drug addiction grew rapidly. While in 1967 there was not a single instance of unauthorized giving of narcotic drug (art. 161 of the Penal Code) or of forging prescriptions (art. 265 § 1 of the Penal Code), 105 and 417 such acts respectively were recorded five years later. In 1971, over 3,000 persons "taking narcotic drugs" were registered in the police files. As found in a sociological study carried out in 1972 among students of all grammar, vocational and elementary vocational schools in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia, 8.3 per cent of the respondents had contacts with narcotic drugs. In the case of about 45 per cent of this group, these contacts were occasional. According to the authors of the study, this percentage is the "minimum frequency of occurence" of drug taking "in the population of school youth in Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot.'' In this early 1970s, the number of persons in danger of becoming addicts (i.e. those who took drugs regularly) and those already dependent was estimated at about 30 thousand. In the discussed period, also the character of addiction underwent changes: it became a subcultural phenomenon. The base on which it developed were the youth contestation movements which emerged in Poland as well. Addiction was given a cultural dimension by the ideology of the hippie movement. Taking drugs ceased to be an individual behaviour and became a social one which expressed certain attitudes and symbolized the affiliation to a given subculture. The young who took drugs formed smaller or bigger groups with strong internal bonds and a great sense of solidarity. They used specific symbols (way of dressing, recognition signals, rich repertoire of gestures, aliases, etc.) and quite a rich language (characteristic names of drugs and activities related to their taking). The very taking of drugs was acompanied by more or less developed rituals (narcotic coctails, seances, etc.). In that period - and later on as well -the phenomenon of drug addiction was concentrated among the youth and in highly urbanized and industrialized regions. In 1972, nearly 75 per cent of persons hospitalized for the first time were those aged under 25, and over 60 per cent-under 29. In 1970, over 90 per cent of addicts treated in hospitals lived in towns. The limited drug marked. caused the youth to resort to substitutes on the unpracedented scale. In those years, general use of such substances as trichloroethylene, Ixi (washing powder), Butaprene (glus), ether, benzene, solvents and others started. Yet the major typ of addiction still remaind that to opium and its derivates, particularly in men, and to sleeping-draught and tranquilizers in women. The third stage in the evolution of drug addiction are the years 1973-1976. In that period, a nearly 27 per cent decrease in the total of patients of psychiatric clinics, and a 40 per cent one in the case of those treated for the first time could be noticed. The morbidity index went down from 3.5 to 2.0. A similar trend, though less dynamic one, concerned also hospital service. In an attempt at explaining this phenomenon, three factors should be mentioned. Firstly, the early 1970s are the period when youth movements started to die out. Also a relative social peace reigned in those years, which caused drug addiction lose its socio-cultural base. Secondly, the medical authorities introduced a number of limitations in the accessibility of drugs in that period. Thirdly, repressive action of the police also influenced this tendency to a high degree. The prosecution agencies not only increased their efficiency greatly, but also acquired a much better knowledge of the addicts circles. These actions however proved insufficient to fully control addiction. The fourth stage in the evolution of addiction started in the late 1970s. In the years 1977-1984, the number of patients treated in out-patient clinics increased twice over, and that of hospitalized persons - five times over. The indicates of dissemination and morbidity grew rapidly. Beginning from mid-1970s, the number of persons registered in the police files grew nearly two and a half times over. Also the number of deaths due to over dosage went up from year to year. In 1978, 18 such cases were recorded, with the number amounting to as many as 117 in 1986. The number of offences directly related to drug addiction went up from 1,093 in 1978 to 3,014 in 1983. The number of persons taking narcotic drugs was estimated at about 500-800 thousand in 1983; that of persons in danger of becoming addicts - at 99-95 thousand, and of actual addicts - about 40 thousand. Such is the minimum spread of the discussed phenomenon. The unprecedented dissemination of drug addiction may be attributed to the emergence of two factors of which one is technological, and the other one psycho-social. In mid-1970s, the technology of production of a strong drug from poppy was worked out in Poland, which resulted in a great amount of strong narcotics appearing on the market. on the other hand, crisis started to accumulate in Poland in mid-1970s, which resulted in a growing frustration among the youth. The concurrence of these two factors brought about the explosion of drug addiction.
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Rosenthal, Michael P. "The Constitutionality of Involuntary Civil Commitment of Opiate Addicts." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 641–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800409.
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This paper deals with the constitutionality of involuntary treatment of opiate addicts. Although the first laws permitting involuntary treatment of opiate addicts were enacted in the second half of the nineteenth century, addicts were not committed in large numbers until California and New York enacted new civil commitment legislation in the 1960s. Inevitably, the courts were called upon to decide if involuntary treatment was constitutional. Both the California and New York courts decided that it was. These decisions were heavily influenced by statements made by the United States Supreme Court in Robinson v. California. The Robinson case did not actually involve the constitutionality of involuntary treatment; it involved the question of whether it was constitutional for a state to make addiction a crime. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court declared (in a dictum) that a state might establish a program of compulsory treatment for opiate addicts either to discourage violation of its criminal laws against narcotic trafficking or to safeguard the general health or welfare of its inhabitants. Presumably because the Robinson case did not involve the constitutionality of involuntary treatment of opiate addicts, the Supreme Court did not go into that question as deeply as it might have. The California and New York courts, in turn, relied too much on this dictum and did not delve deeply into the question. The New York courts did a better job than the California courts, but their work too was not as good as it should have been.
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Shapovalov, Valerii. "Судова фармація, організація фармацевтичної справи, технологія ліків, медичне, фармацевтичне та кримінальне право: державна система боротьби із незаконним обігом наркотичних засобів і психотропних речовин та зловживання ними в умовах пандемії." SSP Modern Law and Practice 2, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v2i3.66.
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In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden on the sphere of health care, pharmacy, finance, economy, industry, and law enforcement are increasing. The level of the state system regarding the effectiveness of the criminal and legal struggle against the illegal circulation of narcotics (narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances) and their abuse by improving the legislation and normative legal acts of Ukraine in the conditions of the pandemic on the basis of forensic pharmacy, drug technology, the organization of the pharmaceutical case, medical and pharmaceutical law. Scientific information sources were studied, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO and the Cochrane Society for PICO from 25 disciplines that have interdisciplinary connections. The forensic and pharmaceutical practice in criminal proceedings regarding the illegal circulation of psychoactive substance of various classification and legal groups were analyzed. Proven that the abuse and uncontrolled intake of psychoactive substances causes manifestations of a person's hidden predisposition to mental illnesses according to the ICD-11 codes. The forensic and pharmaceutical characteristics of the "drug business" market were summarized according to the data of law enforcement agencies. The provisions of the State Policy Strategy on Drugs in Ukraine were analyzed. Normative proposals for improving the legislation on measures to counter the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors and their abuse in order to protect the rights and freedoms, life and health of drug addicts were presented.
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Nurco, David N., Robert J. Blatchley, Thomas E. Hanlon, and Kevin E. O'Grady. "Early Deviance and Related Risk Factors in the Children of Narcotic Addicts." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 25, no. 1 (January 1999): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ada-100101844.
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Babayan, E. A. "Medico-legal aspects of treatment and prophylactic care of narcotic drug addicts." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 25, no. 2 (April 1990): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(90)90066-n.
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