Relevant bibliographies by topics / Narcotic addicts

Academic literature on the topic 'Narcotic addicts'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Narcotic addicts"

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Shaffer, John W., David N. Nurco, John C. Ball, and Timothy W. Kinlock. "Patterns of Non-Narcotic Drug Use among Male Narcotic Addicts." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 3 (July 1986): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600309.

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In the course of lengthy, confidential interviews conducted with 354 male narcotic addicts (195 Black, 159 White) living in the Baltimore metropolitan area, detailed information was obtained concerning their use of non-narcotic drugs during periods of active addiction to narcotics (principally heroin) as well as during periods of non-addiction to narcotics. A wide variety of non-narcotic substances were found to have a nonzero incidence of use; however, both the types and amounts of non-narcotic drugs used, as well as the combinations (patterns) in which they were used, were found to be a joint function of race (Black/White) and narcotic addiction status (actively addicted/not addicted to narcotics). Factor analysis revealed three major patterns among Blacks during periods of active narcotic addiction, and a different three patterns during periods of nonaddiction. Among Whites, four major patterns were identified during periods of active narcotic addiction, and five during periods of nonaddiction. Subsequent applications of cluster analysis revealed several different types of addicts based on patterns of non-narcotic drug use.
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Girsang, Junimart, and Beny Kaissar Simanjuntak. "Analisis Kebijakan Rehabilitasi Narkotika Terhadap Pecandu dan Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Batam." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v5i1.614.

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In the year 2017, Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR) found in the Surabaya District Court, the majority of the pleas of the Public Prosecutor for the accused as addicts and victims of narcotics abuse for convicting prison were 90% (ninety percent) and 10% (ten percent) are terminated by the imposition of narcotics rehabilitation as an attempted conviction. Therefore, this research was conducted in Batam city as one of the regions with high levels of narcotics illicit trafficking. The purpose of this study is to find out the procedures for implementing narcotic rehabilitation, to analyze the effectiveness of the law in the application of narcotic rehabilitation for addicts and victims of narcotics abuses in Batam City, and to measure the level of justice in providing penalization for addicts and victims of narcotics abusers processed through court verdicts. This research was carried out by conducting empirical legal research at the Riau Islands Police Narcotics Directorate, BNN Riau Islands Province, Batam District Court, and Batam BNN Rehabilitation Atelier. The results of this study state that in applying narcotic rehabilitation to addicts and victims of narcotics abuse can be made through voluntary and through legal processes (compulsory). The implementation of narcotics rehabilitation for narcotics addicts and victims of narcotics abuses in Batam City is not effective and the level of justice in providing criminal sentences for addicts and victims of narcotics abusers who through the legal process is felt to be unfair.
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Adhitya, Dipa Tri, and Palupi Lindiasari Samputra. "Evaluasi Resiliensi Pasien Penyalahguna Narkotika Di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1394.

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BNN RI Regulation Number 24 of 2017 concerning Rehabilitation Services for Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse has the authority to carry out rehabilitation for narcotics users. Rehabilitation helps the addict recover from his addiction to drugs. With good resilience, the patient will be able to recover or adjust to adversity. This study aimed to analyze the factors that determine the level of strength and analyze the resilience index of narcotic abusers undergoing rehabilitation at the BNN Rehabilitation Center. This study used a quantitative method of survey type with a sample of 140 respondents. The data analysis method used factor analysis and index of resilience level. The results showed five factors of the resilience of addicts, namely Impulse Control, Empathy, Emotion Regulation, Achievement, and Problem Analysis. These five factors can explain the effect on the strength of 63.079%. Addicts show a high level of resilience of 82.33% after following a rehabilitation program
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Bailey, Richard C., Yih-Ing Hser, Shih-Chao Hsieh, and M. Douglas Anglin. "Influences Affecting Maintenance and Cessation of Narcotics Addiction." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400204.

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A sample of 354 narcotics addicts remanded to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) in 1962–64 was followed for over twenty-four years. Self-report data collected at initial treatment admission and in two follow-up interviews (1974–75 and 1985–86) included information on family history, patterns of drug use and criminal involvement, and other behaviors. The sample was classified into four exclusive groups: Winners (N=59), who had been abstinent from narcotics and other serious drug use and had not been involved in criminal activity during the thirty-six-month period prior to interview; Striving addicts ( N=46), who had been abstinent from narcotics use, but not necessarily other drugs, and had no incarceration for a period of twelve months prior to interview; Enduring addicts ( N=146), who had used narcotics and typically other drugs within the prior 12-month period, but had avoided incarceration; and Incarcerated addicts ( N=103), incarcerated at some time during the twelve-month period, and whose drug use was varied. Winners had generally negative familial experiences including little encouragement from parents, who in the main had adverse relationships, higher rates of sexual molestation, and were least happy in childhood. Despite this environment Winners evidenced early independence and self-confidence. Striving addicts were characterized by usually non-substance-using, church-going parents. Most had ceased narcotics use, but remained heavily involved with alcohol and marijuana. Enduring addicts, mostly from lower socioeconomic status families that exhibited extensive substance use and physical arguments, commonly accessed methadone treatment and avoided incarceration while persisting in narcotic addiction and crime. Incarcerated addicts, typically raised in dysfunctional, substance-using families, received the most parental caring along with the most severe punishment. They exhibited persistent involvement in crime, violence, and drug use.
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Nuryanto, Carto. "Reconstruction of Criminal Sanction and Rehabilitation Combating On Narcotic’s Victims Based On Religious Justice." Law Development Journal 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.1.1.1-6.

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During this time, law enforcement officials tend to impose criminal sanctions for victims of drug without rehabilitation but instead provide criminal sanctions such as prison. Without the detoxification process through medical and social rehabilitation process, they will soon be back looking for narcotics so out of prisons because of the association in the increasingly severe prison, As described in Act No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics Article 54 that the rehabilitation of abusers of Narcotics; “Addicts Narcotics and Narcotics abuse on victims to undergo mandatory medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation”. It is strengthened by the Supreme Court Circular No. 04 of 2010 concerning the Placement, Victims and Narcotic Addict Into The Rehabilitation Institute of Medical and Social Rehabilitation. Because of their position in this case is the victim, not the dealer let alone active users is appropriate that they get special treatment before the law. Law enforcement officials are supposed to be representatives of God on earth to be a judge and establishing the truth, fairest, it erred in sentencing. Besides religiously also does not reflect the nature of God's servants who are wise and fair.Keywords: Reconstruction; Sanctions; Narcotic’s Victim; Religious Justice.
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Lindblad, Richard. "Civil Commitment under the Federal Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 595–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800407.

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The Federal Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act (NARA) provided for compulsory treatment and supervised aftercare of narcotic addicts. The law was passed amid controversy as to whether addiction should be controlled by enforcement efforts or through treatment and prevention. Through NARA, treatment was permitted for offenders as a pre-trial civil commitment instead of prosecution for addicts convicted of specific crimes and for voluntary applicants. The law was complex in its implementation because each treatment category had burdensome legal and logistical particularities. Numerous “gatekeepers” screened and selected clients for admission resulting in frequent disagreement about clients' eligibility. Because capacity was limited during preliminary program development, many potential clients were rejected from the program. The program suffered criticism because of its high rejection rate and because of perceived high program costs. NARA was a relatively short-lived program superseded by other legislation Still, much was learned from the program and a national network of treatment providers resulted. Civil commitment proved to be an effective way of bringing narcotic addicts into treatment, and evaluations of those admitted show they did as well as or better than those treated in other settings.
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Erdianti, Ratri Novita. "ALTERNATIF PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DALAM KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i2.6006.

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Narcotics crime in Indonesia becomes a problem that until now never ceased. One of the problems is the increasing number of narcotics abusers. In our country, narcotic users/narcotics addicts can already be said as a criminal offender. In the Narcotics Act no. 35 of 2009 explained that what are meant by Narcotics Abusers are people who use Narcotics without rights or against the law. Persons who use narcotics unlawfully and unlawfully herein may be classified as addicts and distributors who use and conduct circulation. In the narcotics law, a drug addict victim of narcotics must undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. But in reality, the article for narcotics abusers is more directed at other positions in the positions of dealers whose criminal consequences become imprisonment. This is for the author less appropriate. So that efforts made in solving cases of perpetrators of criminal acts become part of criminal policy in the context of the prevention of narcotics crime. The problem that the writer raised is about the relevance of criminal prison for narcotics abusers with the purpose of punishment and how the application of alternative punishment against narcotics abusers from the perspective of criminal policy. This study was conducted using normative juridical, which examines Law no. 35 of 2009 which regulates the form of punishment for the perpetrators of narcotics abuse is associated with the theories in criminal law
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Bernardi, Elsa, Michael Jones, and Chris Tennant. "Quality of Parenting in Alcoholics and Narcotic Addicts." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 5 (May 1989): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.5.677.

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Alcoholics and heroin addicts were compared with a normal control group to determine whether there were differences in quality of parenting during childhood, assessed using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Maternal and paternal overprotection were reported more commonly by narcotic addicts. Maternal overprotection alone was implicated in alcoholics. Narcotic addicts seem to have more disturbed parenting than alcoholics, especially paternal parenting.
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Nurco, David N., Mitchell B. Balter, and Timothy Kinlock. "Vulnerability to Narcotic Addiction: Preliminary Findings." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400206.

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This is a report of fieldwork methodology and preliminary findings from a controlled retrospective study of vulnerability to narcotic addiction comparing three groups of males closely matched by neighborhood, age, and race: a community-wide sample of narcotic addicts; a nonaddicted control sample of age-eleven peer associates of the addicts; and a nonaddicted community control sample of age-eleven peers who did not associate with the addicts. Fieldwork experience and preliminary findings suggest a strong selective association between friendship and deviance among narcotic addicts and their age-eleven associates — a relationship that is much less common in the two control groups, particularly community controls. Association with older deviants was also more characteristic of addicts than for the peer or community controls. Experience in the study also attests to the feasibility and merit of capturing historical data via retrospective, reconstructive sampling methods.
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Hardiman, Setiaki. "REHABILITASI ANAK PECANDU NARKOBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM." Ta'zir: Jurnal Hukum Pidana 4, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/tazir.v4i2.8546.

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Legal protection for children victims of narcotics abuse is the right of every child, therefore it is an obligation for parents, society and the government to provide protection for children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the process of implementing narcotics rehabilitation involving child drug addicts at the BNN in South Sumatra Province. The second objective is to analyze the implementation of rehabilitation of children with narcotics addicts according to Islamic criminal law. This research is a field research conducted at BNN South Sumatra Province. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Then the data that has been collected is analyzed descriptively qualitatively, and deductive conclusions are drawn. Based on the results of the study, it shows that: First, the process of implementing narcotics rehabilitation involving child drug addicts at the South Sumatra National Narcotics Agency is in accordance with what is mandated by the Law on Narcotics and the Child Protection Act. As it is known that the rehabilitation center has done its job well, in rehabilitation it is not only social and medical rehabilitation, but also self-development and recreation accompanied by therapeutic remedies for narcotics addicts. Second, there are several obstacles in implementing rehabilitation for children who are narcotic addicts, namely the lack of knowledge of the community, especially families of narcotics addicts, and there are also families who do not know how to report to the BNN. Please also note that all of this rehabilitation is free of charge because the costs are borne by the ministry of health. Keywords: rehabilitation, narcotics addicts, child narcotics
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Narcotic addicts"

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Kjärman, Sol, and Joy Uche. "The Impact of Treatment on Addicts: An Explorative Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21329.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to explore the impact of treatment on male addicts who attend Narcotic Anonymous (NA) meeting between the ages of 45 to 60 years that have been free from drug addiction without relapse in 10 years. The interest is to really understand how the addicts have been impacted and what factors have contributed to their being able to remain free from drug abuse without relapse. The research is a qualitative study. Semi structured interviews based on interview guide that are made up of six open ended questions was used to generate information (Primary data) from eight interviewees. The data generated was analyzed using qualitative content analysis in hermeneutic perspective. Also, Maslow’s need hierarchy theory and early research was used to analyze the data that were generated. It was found that the former addicts experienced improvement in their psychological health identity and social situation. Furthermore, they were impacted by different treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy, environmental therapy and the NA 12-step program. The findings of the study also indicates that the interviewees gained job, education and driving license because of the drug abuse treatment they have undergone. In addition, having a partner, stable family and regular attendance of NA meeting have helped the interviewees to remain free from drug use in 10 years. Furthermore, from the findings, improved psychological health, improved changes in identity and social situation are themes found from the coding and categorization from qualitative content analysis method. The main theme found is getting new ways of gaining control of addiction in relation to improved psychological health, improved changes in identity and improved social situation.
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Lai, Sai-wo. "The help-seeking behaviour of drug addicts /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13991668.

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Cheung, Hung-yan Joseph. "A study of the gospel drug rehabilitation programme at Bliss Lodge Youth Training Centre /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470605.

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Chan, Fu-sai. "A study of the lifestyle of drug abusers with a history of crime convictions." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649245.

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Leung, Wai-hing Frances. "An exploratory study of factors leading to alcohol dependence among treated heroin addicts /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13744707.

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Choi, Hang-yin Grace. "A study on the critical perceptual shift of drug abusers using Maslow's framework /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1341771X.

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Lee, Yuen-mei Mavis. "Probation officers' evaluation of drug addicts : its effect on pre-sentencing recommendations /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13417800.

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Chan, Kin-yi Ivy. "A study of determinants of relapse in psychotropic substance abuse /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470757.

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Yip, Hau-yu Hannah. "The participation of nongovernmental organizations in social service : a study of religious drug treatment agencies and their relationship with government /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508277.

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Wong, Lai-har Teresa. "Drug dependency and the experience of young offenders in a residential drug treatment institution." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20621905.

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Books on the topic "Narcotic addicts"

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P, Olsen J., and Walden Luke, eds. The Narcotic Farm. New York: Abrams, 2008.

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Cooper, Clarence L. The scene. New York: Norton, 1996.

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Cooper, Clarence L. The scene. Edinburgh: Payback, 1996.

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Zackon, Fred. Heroin: The street narcotic. New York: Chelsea House, 1986.

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Zackon, Fred. Heroin: The street narcotic. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1992.

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Larry, Clark. Tulsa. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

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Burma. Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control., ed. Myanmar's endeavour against narcotic drugs. [Rangoon]: Central Committe for Drug Abuse Control, Ministry of Home and Religious Affairs, 1992.

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Scotland. Substance Misuse Division. Effective Interventions Unit. Psychostimulants: A practical guide. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Effective Interventions Unit, 2002.

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Rubin, Charles. Don't let your kids kill you: A guide for parents of drug and alcohol addicted children. Rockport, Mass: Element, 1997.

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Grapendaal, Martin. A world of opportunities: Life-style and economic behavior of heroin addicts in Amsterdam. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Narcotic addicts"

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Novick, David M., Miriam Ochshorn, and Mary Jeanne Kreek. "In vivo and In vitro Studies of Opiates and Cellular Immunity in Narcotic Addicts." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 159–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5925-8_18.

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Anglin, M. D., and W. H. McGlothlin. "Outcome of Narcotics Addicts Treatment in California." In Medicolegal Library, 116–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82595-8_17.

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Musto, David F. "The Narcotic Clinic Era." In The American Disease, Origins Of Narcotic Control, 151–82. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125092.003.0007.

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Abstract Dr. Terry’s narcotic clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, may have been the first one established in the United States by a government agency, but it is likely that some arrangements for collective care of a locality’s addicts had been made before that time. Poor addicts were the chief clients for clinics; those who preferred not to publicize their addiction could get their drugs more expensively elsewhere-legally and without much difficulty until about 1919. The clinic for addicts was an extension of the program of clinics set up by health departments to treat tuberculosis, mental illness, or syphilis. Some narcotic clinics were part of a general health clinic; others were separate and specialized.
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Musto, David F. "Federal Support Of The Medical Approach." In The American Disease, Origins Of Narcotic Control, 230–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125092.003.0010.

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Abstract The years between World War II and 1970 witnessed, first, enactment of maximum legal sanctions against narcotic drug use, and then a strong reaction that gave considerable responsibility for control to physicians and psychotherapists. Under an onslaught of increased drug abuse and addiction, rising crime against property, and a renewed faith in medicine and psychological treatment, federal drug-abuse statutes retreated from death penalties and mandatory minimum sentences to more reliance on treatment, flexible sentences, and even addiction maintenance, not only with methadone but perhaps even with heroin itself. During the same period the reputation of marihuana, which some considered as dangerous as heroin, changed significantly: in 1972 a Presidential Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse recommended elimination of criminal penalties for private use of marihuana.1 Advocates of severe punishment for addicts found themselves unheeded.
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Musto, David F. "Marihuana and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics." In The American Disease, Origins Of Narcotic Control, 210–29. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125092.003.0009.

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Abstract Anslinger became the first Commissioner of Narcotics in 1930, although he had had only sporadic contact with narcotic control.1 Nonetheless, his more than ten years of government experience affected his attitude toward law enforcement and addicts. Anslinger was born in 1892 in Altoona, Pennsylvania. His father worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad, and while Anslinger went to high school and then to Pennsylvania State College, he also worked for the railroad during the summers, doing maintenance and landscaping and occasionally investigating suspicious incidents for the railroad’s captain of police. Later, when the police captain became the state fire marshal, he offered Anslinger a job compiling statistics and investigating instances of suspected arson. In 1917, after the United States declared war on Germany, Anslinger was employed in Washington in the Ordinance Division of the War Department, where his chief task was to oversee government contracts. Ordinance officers were unpopular in Washington; the public expected young men to fight abroad and, when the opportunity came, Anslinger volunteered to the State Department which was looking for reliable German-speaking employees to work in Holland. He recalls being assigned to “check up on ... and straighten out” the indirect American contacts with the Kaiser in order to let the German ruler know that President Wilson wanted him to stay on after the war, but Anslinger failed, obtaining from the whole episode only the Kaiser’s field utility kit which he later gave to the Smithsonian. In 1921 he took the necessary examinations and was appointed to the rank of vice-consul.
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Kohler-Hausmann, Julilly. "Addicts into Citizens." In Getting Tough. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174525.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the governing problems that set the stage for the 1973 drug laws and the ways different groups struggled to interpret and respond to them. It chronicles New York's efforts to manage heroin through drug rehabilitation and looks at how the varied therapeutic approaches coexisted with criminalization. While rhetoric in the 1970s presented “addicts” and “pushers” as stable, essential identities, these terms are best understood as artifacts of the ongoing historical struggles over narcotics. Instead of objective divisions within the social body, the distinct categories of drug users were actually constituted through debates over policy.
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Lang, Susan S., and Richard B. Patt. "On Being An Active Health-Care Consumer." In Yon Don’t Dave To Suffer, 77–87. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195084184.003.0004.

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Abstract I watched a person who was very close to me suffer needlessly from cancer pain. The nurses refused to give the person the prescribed painkiller more than every five hours, even when the medication was effective for only one hour and eventually became totally ineffective. The nurses refused to call the doctor[They] were concerned about addiction. . . . How could anyone who is in the last stage of terminal cancer live long enough to become addicted? It is shocking to think that street addicts can get narcotics while innocent victims of cancer who are dying in pain are denied access to them because there are so many ignorant doctors and nurses in this crazy world.
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"A New Deal for the Drug Addict." In The Narcotic Farm, 34–49. The University Press of Kentucky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19vbgpx.5.

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"Presentation of Findings." In Prescriptions of Narcotics for Heroin Addicts, 19–96. Basel: KARGER, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000062974.

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"Programme Objectives." In Prescriptions of Narcotics for Heroin Addicts, 10–12. Basel: KARGER, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000062975.

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Conference papers on the topic "Narcotic addicts"

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Prasetyo, Iwan, Sanhari Prawiradiredja, and Ayu Jusnita. "Communication Management of Narcotic Addicts Rehabilitation Program in East Java Province." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.4.

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Karpatkin, S. "MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOLOGIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR AIDS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644759.

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HIV-seropositive homosexuals, narcotic addicts and hemophiliacs develop a new syndrome of immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) which is clinically indistinguishable from classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) with respect to increased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral destruction of antibody-coated platelets, negative serology for SLE, response to treatment with prednisone and/or splenectomy. However, their platelet immunologic profiles are different.Homosexuals appear to have an immune complex-mediated mechanism: markedly elevated platelet-bound IgG and C3C4 (3.8 and 4.2-fold greater than classic ATP, respectively), elevated circulating immune complexes (3-fold greater than classic ATP), anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and absence of 7S anti-platelet IgG. There is no inverse correlation between platelet count and platelet-bound IgG or platelet-elutable anti-platelet antibody as in classic ATP.Hemophiliacs appear to have an autoimmune 7S IgG-mediated mechanism similar to classic ATP: inverse relationship betweem platelet count and platelet-bound IgG, r = 0.84, p less than 0.001, 26 df, anti-platelet reactive 7S IgG which reacts by its F(ab')2 domain, (reactive at 60-130 ug/ml compared to control IgG), platelet-elutable anti-platelet antibody. However, these patients also have elevated circulating immune complexes (2.4-fold classic ATP level) and markedly elevated platelet-bound IgG and C3C4 (3.4 and 1.2-fold classic ATP level, respectively). Anti-HIV antibody correlated with circulating immune complexes, r = 0.833, p less than 0.001.Narcotic addicts appear to have a mixture of both mechanisms (immune complex as well as autoimmune 7S IgG): markedly elevated platelet-bound IgG and C3C4 (2.6 and 2.4-fold classic ATP level, respectively), elevated circulating immune complexes (7.3-fold classic ATP level), anti-F(ab')2 antibodies, absence of an inverse correlation between platelet count and platelet-bound IgG. However, these patients do have specific 7S IgG anti-platelet antibody, which reacts by its F(ab')2 domain.F(ab')2antibodies were of the IgG class and correlated with circulating immune complex level. They react with autologous, homologous patient and healthy control F(ab')2 fragments. Some anti-F(ab')2 antibodies have broad reactivity, others are more limited. Some immune complexes were shown to contain HIV antibody. It is postulated that the immune complex platelet deposition noted with homosexual and narcotic addict thrombocytopenia may in part be due to HIV antibody complexes, some of which may exist as anti-antibody complexes.
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Bermas, Hamed, Farzaneh Aminifar, Nazanin Najafi, and Masoumeh Ghaziyani. "The Investigation of Medical Group in the Prediction of Returning Of Addicts to Narcotic and Stimulant under Treatment in the Omid Noo Rehabilitation Clinic In 2008." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp69.

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Sarwirini, Ms, and Riza Kurniawan. "Rehabilitation Of Narcotics Addicts as the Rights to Health." In International Conference on Law, Governance and Globalization 2017 (ICLGG 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclgg-17.2018.34.

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Indriawati, Sri. "Politics of Criminal Law in Implementing Restorative Justice Against Narcotics Addicts in the Criminal Justice System." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2022, 16 April 2022, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-4-2022.2320131.

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Purwanto, Ricky, Faisal Santiago, and Alfon Sitepu. "Implementation of Rehabilitation for Drug Addicts Based on Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics in Jakarta." In Proceedings of the First Multidiscipline International Conference, MIC 2021, October 30 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-10-2021.2315726.

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