Academic literature on the topic 'Napping'

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that afternoon napping promotes cognitive function in the elderly; on the other hand, some studies have shown opposite results. This current study further examined the relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population.MethodsA total of 2214 elderly were included (napping group: n=1534; non-napping group: n=680). They all received cognitive evaluations by the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Chinese version of the Neuropsychological Test Battery. Among all the subjects, 739 elderly volunteered to take blood lipid tests.ResultsSignificant differences in cognitive function and blood lipids were observed between the napping and the non-napping groups. Afternoon napping was associated with better cognitive function including orientation, language, and memory in the present study. Subjects with the habit of afternoon napping also showed a higher level of triglyceride than the non-napping subjects.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that afternoon napping was related to better cognitive function in the Chinese ageing population.

Daytime napping offers benefits for motor memory learning and is used as a habitual countermeasure to improve daytime functioning. A single nap has been shown to ameliorate motor memory learning, although the effect of consecutive napping on motor memory consolidation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of daytime napping over multiple days on motor memory learning. Twenty university students were divided into a napping group and no-nap (awake) group. The napping group performed motor adaption tasks before and after napping for three consecutive days, whereas the no-nap group performed the task on a similar time schedule as the napping group. A subsequent retest was conducted one week after the end of the intervention. Significant differences were observed only for speed at 30 degrees to complete the retention task, which was significantly faster in the napping group than in the awake group. No significant consolidation effects over the three consecutive nap intervention periods were confirmed. Due to the limitations of the different experimental environments of the napping and the control group, the current results warrant further investigation to assess whether consecutive napping may benefit motor memory learning, which is specific to speed.

Research examining associations between objectively-measured napping time and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate daytime napping in relation to T2D and adiposity measures in elderly individuals from the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2190 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, in the PREDIMED-Plus trial, was carried out. Accelerometer-derived napping was measured. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D were obtained using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with constant time. Linear regression models were fitted to examine associations of napping with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Participants napping ≥90 min had a higher prevalence of T2D (PR 1.37 (1.06, 1.78)) compared with those napping 5 to <30 min per day. Significant positive associations with BMI and WC were found in those participants napping ≥30 min as compared to those napping 5 to <30 min per day. The findings of this study suggest that longer daytime napping is associated with higher T2D prevalence and greater adiposity measures in an elderly Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk.

BackgroundNurses working night shifts are at risk for sleep deprivation, which threatens patient and nurse safety. Little nursing research has addressed napping, an effective strategy to improve performance, reduce fatigue, and increase vigilance.ObjectiveTo explore nurses’ perceptions, experiences, barriers, and safety issues related to napping/not napping during night shift.MethodsA convenience sample of critical care nurses working night shift were interviewed to explore demographics, work schedule and environment, and napping/ not napping experiences, perceptions, and barriers. Transcripts were constantly compared, and categories and themes were identified.ResultsParticipants were 13 critical care nurses with an average of 17 years’ experience. Ten nurses napped regularly; 2 avoided napping because of sleep inertia. The need for and benefits of napping or not during night shift break were linked to patient and nurse safety. Ability to nap was affected by the demands of patient care and safety, staffing needs, and organizational and environmental factors.ConclusionsNurses identified personal health, safety, and patient care issues supporting the need for a restorative nap during night shift. Barriers to napping exist within the organization/work environment.

Abstract Introduction Napping is common in pregnant women; however, characteristics associated with napping in pregnant women with insomnia have not been studied. Methods We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of insomnia treatment during pregnancy for this cross-sectional analysis (n=159). Women self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education, income, employment), pregnancy-related characteristics (parity, trimester), sleep-related characteristics (7-day sleep diary including total napping time per day, Insomnia Severity Index), and depression symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Women were categorized as non-nappers (0 days with napping), infrequent nappers (1–3 days with napping), and frequent nappers (≥4 days with napping). Characteristics were compared across napping categories using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Results Eighteen percent of women were frequent nappers, 53% were infrequent nappers, and 30% were non-nappers. Average time spent napping on days with naps was 67 minutes (SD=35). In unadjusted analyses, frequent nappers were more likely to have a high school diploma or less (36% vs 19%), be unemployed (57% vs 41%), and be nulliparous (21% vs 13%) than non-nappers. Infrequent nappers were more likely to have a 4-year college degree (32% vs 11%), have a household income $100k or more (58% vs 45%), be working full time (51% vs 39%), and be nulliparous (26% vs 13%) than non-nappers. Age, race/ethnicity, trimester, sleep-related characteristics, and depression symptoms were similar across napping categories. In analyses adjusted for education and trimester, being unemployed (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 0.8, 15.4), working part time (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 0.5, 11.2), and nulliparity (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 0.4, 14.6) were most strongly associated with frequent napping (though confidence intervals were wide) but were not associated with infrequent napping. Sleep-related characteristics were not associated with frequent or infrequent napping in adjusted analyses. Conclusion Among pregnant women with insomnia, frequent napping was associated with characteristics that suggest greater feasibility of napping (not working, working part time, pregnant with first child), but was not associated with nocturnal sleep parameters or insomnia severity. Given napping can reduce homeostatic sleep drive at bedtime, it should be addressed during insomnia treatment in pregnant women, particularly among women with greater opportunity to nap. Support (if any) National Institutes of Health (K99HD100585, R01NR013662)

Background: We aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between daytime napping duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, modified Poisson regression models were performed to explore the longitudinal associations of baseline napping duration with the occurrence and remission of MetS. Generalized estimating equation was conducted to explore the association between baseline MetS status with subsequent changes in daytime napping duration. Cross-lagged panel analysis was performed to further verify their bidirectional relationships. Results: During the four-year follow-up, among 5041 participants without MetS at baseline, extended naps were significantly associated with MetS occurrence, compared with non-napping. This association was only significant in individuals with adequate night-time sleep duration or good sleep quality of the 2898 participants with MetS at baseline. Excessive napping duration may be not favorable for MetS remission especially for adequate night-time sleepers. With respect to reverse associations, baseline MetS status significantly increased the napping duration during the subsequent follow-up period. Finally, there were significant bidirectional cross-lagged associations between napping duration and MetS severity score after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusions: Our study indicates bidirectional relationships exist between daytime napping duration and MetS. Interestingly, longer napping duration was detrimental to cardiometabolic health only in those with sufficient night-time sleep duration or good sleep quality.

Abstract Introduction Napping and other daytime sleep is often overlooked in insomnia research and poorly defined in many studies. Research has shown some correlations between older adults’ napping habits and increased medical co-morbidities and risks of dementia, but it has also shown that napping enhances memory consolidation and broader aspects of cognition in younger adults. Where along the aging spectrum this line between beneficial napping and potentially risky napping falls is not clear. Methods This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach in which semi-structured interviews (N=18) were supplemented by the widely used self-report instruments and anxiety scales. Results Insomnia in these older adults directly resulted in reduced energy and stamina, poor mood, and reduced functional capacity. Indirect effects included reduced social interaction and increased isolation. Several participants reported napping in qualitative interviews but denied daytime sleep on standard sleep assessments, and associated napping with anxiety and dread of functional and cognitive decline. Planned or intentional napping was viewed with guilt and denial, while dozing off accidentally was considered an acceptable coping strategy. Conclusion While research about the relationships between disordered sleep and cognitive impairment is still at an early stage, it seems ironic that the participants in this study stigmatized planned napping, which could potentially benefit their cognitive functioning, but seemed accepting of accidental napping, which may well indicate some more serious cognitive issues. More education about sleep needs for older adults is needed. Support I am grateful to the Longhorn Village chapter of Texas Exes for their Gerontology Nursing Scholarship, which helped to fund this project.

ObjectiveThere is controversy regarding the effect of napping on cardiovascular disease (CVD), with most studies failing to consider napping frequency. We aimed to assess the relationship of napping frequency and average nap duration with fatal and non-fatal CVD events.Methods3462 subjects of a Swiss population based cohort with no previous history of CVD reported their nap frequency and daily nap duration over a week, and were followed over 5.3 years. Fatal and non-fatal CVD events were adjudicated. Cox regressions were performed to obtain HRs adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors and excessive daytime sleepiness or obstructive sleep apnoea.Results155 fatal and non-fatal events occurred. We observed a significantly lower risk for subjects napping 1–2 times weekly for developing a CVD event (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.95) compared with non-napping subjects, in unadjusted as well as adjusted models. The increased HR (1.67, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.55) for subjects napping 6–7 times weekly disappeared in adjusted models (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.38). Neither obstructive sleep apnoea nor excessive daytime sleepiness modified this lower risk. No association was found between nap duration and CVD events.ConclusionSubjects who nap once or twice per week have a lower risk of incident CVD events, while no association was found for more frequent napping or napping duration. Nap frequency may help explain the discrepant findings regarding the association between napping and CVD events.

On-shift napping can benefit night workers regarding sleep loss, synchronization of circadian rhythms, and alertness. However, few studies on napping can be found in the literature focused on possible health benefits. This cross-sectional study has investigated the role of on-shift napping on the association between night work and BMI in 409 night-shift nursing professionals. The number of working nights and the years of exposure to night work were significantly associated with increased BMI levels among non-nappers, but not among nappers. Results suggest a benefit of napping for weight gain, thus subsidizing occupational health policies on the regulation of on-shift napping among nursing workers.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’amener des éléments de réflexions méthodologiques autour du Napping®. Le premier chapitre de ce manuscrit rappelle aux lecteurs ce qu’est le Napping®, à travers une description de la tâche et des données qu’elle fournit, telles qu’elles ont été imaginées initialement par Jérôme Pagès (2005). C’est dans ce même chapitre que le lecteur peut réaliser à quel point il est important de prendre en compte le comportement du sujet lors de la tâche, tant pour la compréhension des données que pour leur traitement. Le deuxième chapitre de ce manuscrit propose un modèle du comportement du sujet dans le cas où le nombre de stimuli est relativement élevé, une situation couramment rencontrée en pratique.Ce modèle et ses limites amènent le lecteur au chapitre 3, dans lequel il est présenté une méthode originale de recueil de données de Napping® appelée digit-tracking. Cette méthode permet d’observer le comportement du sujet au cours du temps par l’enregistrement du positionnement relatif des stimuli tout au long de la tâche et non plus seulement lors de l’étape finale. Enfin le dernier chapitre du manuscrit présente l’outil qui a été développé au cours de cette thèse et qui permet de recueillir des données de Napping® au cours du temps. Cet outil est une plateforme collaborative, appelée Holos, couplée à un logiciel de recueil de données sur tablette tactile, qui permet aux chercheurs de partager une partie ou l’ensemble de leurs résultats
The objective of this dissertation aims to bring the methodological reflection elements around the Napping® method. Chapter 1 provides the concept of Napping® via a description of its procedure and data format, as it was originally conceived by Jérôme Pagès (2005). This chapter also discussed the importance of taking into account the subject's behaviour during the task for a better understanding of the data collected and their analysis. Chapter 2 proposes a model of the subject's behaviour in which the number of stimuli is relatively high, a situation commonly encountered in practice. This model and its limitations lead to Chapter 3, where a new technique for collecting Napping® data, named digit-tracking, is presented.This new technique of data collection allows to observe the subject’s behaviour over time by recording the relative positioning of all stimuli throughout the task rather than solely her/his final configuration. Finally, Chapter 4 presents a tool devoted to collecting Napping® data over time. This tool is a collaborative platform that works together with an android application for collecting data on tactile tablet devices – Holos environment, which enables researchers to share totally or partially their study resources

This dissertation deals with the chronobiology of sleep and sleepiness in narcolepsy-cataplexy. The text consists of a series of papers: three research papers, and a theoretical paper, with a technical paper appended. The first research paper presents an ambulatory EEG study in which subjects were free to go about their routine home activities, wearing the portable recorder for 24 hours. The timing and duration of sleep episodes were calculated relative to nocturnal midsleep time. Results demonstrated that the most frequent timing of naps was about 1-1.5 h in advance of that found for normal healthy subjects who show greatest sleep propensity 180 degrees out of phase with nocturnal midsleep time. The second paper is a theoretical review of circasemidean sleep-wake propensity and proposes a new modelling approach. The third and fourth papers represent companion papers from a 3-condition within-subjects experiment on the effects of scheduled naps on performance. Sleep schedules were based on habitual total sleep time amounts and experimental sleep schedules devised for each subject. A no-nap condition scheduled 100% of total sleep time at night, and nap conditions scheduled 25% of total sleep time in either a single long nap or 5 equidistantly spaced short naps. The first of these papers measures the efficacy of naps in terms of their effects on performance over the whole day and by time-of-day category divisions. Results indicated that for reaction time, performance in the single long nap condition was significantly improved over a no-nap control condition, attributable to post-nap improvements in performance. However, logical reasoning test results were actually better in the no-nap condition, but this may indicate that a longer nocturnal sleep period may be necessary for optimal performance on this task. The timing of unscheduled sleep episodes was again seen to be in advance of the most frequent nap time for normal subjects. The second of these papers examines the related sleep inertia effects. Sleep inertia was found after the short naps as measured by the descending subtraction task, is evident following all but the first and is most prolonged following the third, short nap. Sleep inertia was also found for reaction time variables following short, but was absent following the long nap. Sleep inertia effects on reaction time were significantly greater on SWS arousals. A paper on the technical details of the sleep-wake scheduling and performance testing software is appended.

Throughout public discourse, sleep, despite being a physiological function and an important facet of an individual's health, is frequently utilized as a rhetorical device to comment on an individual's productivity within society. As Antje Richter (2003:34) explains, to consider someone early to rise yet late to bed is less a comment on their sleeping behavior and more an assessment of their dedication to their business. Too often productivity is conveyed as existing in the absence of sleep, an idea that has contributed to the association of sleep with laziness (Yi 2003:60) and a general misuse of time (Richter 2003:36). The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between sleep and personal perspectives of productivity within a college population. Utilizing in depth, ethnographic semi-structured interviews, and working with 25 college students from the University of Central Florida, it was found that the standards and expectations students have internalized regarding their productivity are influencing the way in which they are practicing in their daily sleeping behaviors and ultimately influencing the amount of sleep they get each night.
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Anthropology

Recent research has suggested that 7.5h sleep a night may not be sufficient to maintain adequate levels of alertness during the day. Two of the main arguments used in support of this theory are the ease with which many individuals fall asleep during the day and the ability of many to extend their nocturnal sleep length on demand. The first argument has been used to indicate an elevated level of daytime sleepiness, which may lead to decrements in performance throughout the waking day. The second argument uses the concept that all sleep is as a result of a physiological need, and so the ability to obtain additional sleep could indicate the repayment of a previous sleep debt. The first part of this thesis addresses the benefit of nocturnal sleep extension in terms of objective and subjective sleepiness in a group of young, healthy adults.

Rapid technological change and increasing traffic volumes worldwide are adding to the safety challenges for air traffic control. The night shift has traditionally been a period of low workload and work practices have evolved to reflect this. Thus, despite the exemplary safety record, there is a need to consider further systemic defences for maintaining performance and safety on the night shift. One possible strategy is the provision of a scheduled nap at work. In order to investigate the consequences of a scheduled nap on the night shift, 28 operational air traffic controllers were monitored across four roster cycles. Each roster cycle included one of two night shifts. Air traffic controllers were given a nap opportunity on one night shift of each type, and did not nap on the other. Information on the timing, quantity, and quality of sleep during the work week and days off was collected using actigraphy, and supported with logbook data. Sleep during the nap was measured using polysomnography, and the EEG and EOG were further utilised to determine neurophysiological alertness over the latter part of the night shift. Reaction time performance was measured three times across the night shift (beginning, middle, and end) with the psychomotor vigilance test.Actigraphy data indicated that the backward, rapidly-rotating work schedule of air traffic controllers resulted in a progressive loss of sleep across the work week. The reduction in sleep lead to an increasing cumulative sleep debt that was at a maximum prior to the night shift. This sleep debt was not related to reaction time performance at the end of the night shift, but was found to influence neurophysiological alertness.It was determined that the large majority of air traffic controllers were able to sleep during the scheduled 40 minute nap opportunity. However, the latency to sleep onset was long, the sleep short, and of relatively poor quality. Circadian and homeostatic factors increased the likelihood of entry into, and waking from, slow wave sleep (SWS). They were also found to influence reaction time performance and neurophysiological alertness. More variable performance and lowered alertness were seen at the end of the later starting (and finishing) night shift, possibly due to the combined influence of circadian and time-on-task factors. Homeostatic variables had less influence on performance at the end of the night shift, but greater acute sleep loss and higher cumulative sleep debts were related to increased neurophysiological sleepiness.performance and greater neurophysiological alertness in a dose-dependent manner, with even small amounts of stage 1 sleep effecting a performance improvement. Performance improvement was consistent across a range of reaction time measures and consistent improvements were also evident in the neurophysiological data, with the occurrence of SEMs declining, and lower spectral power evident in all frequency bands and single frequencies.These findings clearly demonstrate that a minimal quantity of sleep benefits the performance and alertness of air traffic controllers despite the "noise" of a field setting, thus providing a link between laboratory studies of napping and the actual work environment. The findings also fully support management endorsing a 40 minute napping opportunity for air traffic controllers working the night shift.The short nap sleep had no measurable effect on sleep subsequent to the night shift. However, the amount of sleep obtained in the nap was related to improved reaction time.

[EN] Orange production is one of the main fruit crops worldwide. It is particularly important in Concordia (Salto Grande region), where it is considered a key resource to regional economy. This implies that the development of value added products from oranges represents a strategic approach and needs further research. Orange sparkling wine could be both a novel biotechnogical alternative and a way to diversify the supply of citrus derived products, thus increasing and maintaining their incomes in local economy. Secondary fermentation performed to an orange wine is based on the sparkling wine rapidly growing market due to changes in consumer habits. Even though there is a commercial Spanish sparkling wine made from oranges, no scientific studies have been found in the literature regarding the manufacture of this product. The first objective of this thesis was to develop an "orange sparkling wine" from Valencia Late orange fresh juice. For this purpose, Champenoise method was adapted. Special emphasis was laid on clarification stage, due to its direct impact on sensory attributes. Main enological parameters of base wines and orange sparkling wines were also characterized. The second objective was to identify the free aromatic composition of both base orange wines and sparkling orange wines, as well as to detect potential modifications derived from secondary fermentation, wine lees contact time and selected treatments for its clarification. Solid phase extraction methods were used, with subsequent compounds determination (identification and quantification) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, product acceptability and sensory characterization were assessed by means of consumer perception methodology. The aim was to determine the orange sparkling wine profile through sensory descriptors defined by consumers. This would eventually allow modifying technological parameters in search of the "ideal product". The proposed experimental design for orange sparkling wine production showed that values of both physical and chemical parameters were within the expected range for this type of product. From a technological perspective, a shorter lees contact time (6 months) could have advantages in sparkling wines, such as lower colour intensity than that observed for greater periods (9 months) due to an increase on browning index. However, it was observed an increase in the aroma complexity when sparkling wines were maintained to longer lees contact time (9 months) and clarified only with bentonite. This is mainly due to an increase in some compounds concentrations, such as ethyl lactate and diethyl succinate. These compounds are considered aging markers and exert influence on aroma profile, wine texture and density, therefore providing them body and consistency. Sensory assays carried out to characterize orange sparkling wines revealed that a higher lees contact time and sugar addition to expedition liquor increased consumer acceptability, as shown by consumer trends. Projective mapping allowed similarities and differences identification among sparkling wines. This method, in combination with sensory descriptors obtained from the Open Question, facilitated their understanding. Additionally, CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) assay complemented products sensory description. It can be concluded that it is possible to develop a sparkling wine from a different raw material, such as Valencia Late oranges, using an adaptation of the Champenoise method, with appropriate sensory attributes and adequate consumer acceptability.
[ES] Uno de los principales cultivos de fruta a nivel mundial es el de la naranja; la región de Salto Grande y Concordia, se destacan por la producción de esta fruta cítrica y el sector es considerado clave para la economía del lugar. Por lo que el agregado de valor a través del desarrollo de nuevos productos a partir de esta materia prima, represente un enfoque estratégico necesitado de aportes en investigación y desarrollo. El producto "Vino espumante de naranja" se puede pensar como una alternativa biotecnológica novedosa y una opción para diversificar la oferta de productos derivados de las frutas cítricas, esta idea se sustenta en que el sector de los vinos espumosos ha crecido en los últimos años y esto se debe principalmente a cambios en los hábitos de consumo de la población. El primer objetivo de esta tesis fue desarrollar el "Vino espumante de naranja" utilizando jugo natural de la variedad Valencia Late adaptando el método Champenoise, con énfasis en la etapa de la clarificación, debido a su relación con las características organolépticas que definen la calidad; caracterizando además los parámetros enológicos del vino base y los espumantes de naranja. El segundo objetivo fue conocer la composición de la fracción aromática libre del vino base y los espumantes, e identificar posibles modificaciones producidas por la segunda fermentación, el tiempo de contacto con las borras y los tratamientos seleccionados para su clarificación. Para el cumplimiento de este objetivo se utilizó cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a la espectrometría de masa (GC-MS). Por último, se planteo evaluar la aceptabilidad del producto y caracterizarlo sensorialmente, utilizando métodos basados en la percepción de los consumidores y de esta forma conocer el perfil que tienen los "Vinos espumantes de naranja" a través de los descriptores sensoriales a los que fueran asociados. Esto permitiría actuar, sobre los parámetros tecnológicos en busca del "producto ideal". Atendiendo al diseño propuesto para la obtención de los vinos espumantes de naranja se pudo determinar que los parámetros físico-quimicos evaluados presentaron valores dentro de lo establecido para este tipo de productos. Desde el punto de vista tecnológico, el empleo de menores tiempos de contacto con las borras (6 meses), podría tener ventajas para la obtención de vinos espumantes con menor intensidad de color, ya que a mayor tiempo de contacto (9 meses) los vinos espumantes exhibieron un aumento en el Índice de Amarronado. En relación al perfil aromático de los espumantes se vio que el mismo se complejiza cuando los espumantes permanecen un mayor tiempo en contacto con las borras de las levaduras (9 meses) y son tratados únicamente con bentonita en el licor de tirage, esto principalmente por aumento en la concentración de algunos compuestos como el lactato de etilo y el succinato de dietilo, compuestos que son considerados marcadores de crianza de los vinos espumantes, que influyen en el perfil aromático y en la textura y densidad, otorgando cuerpo y consistencia a los mismos. Los ensayos sensoriales utilizados para la caracterización de los "Vinos espumantes de naranja" con consumidores permitieron establecer que un mayor tiempo de contacto con las borras y un agregado de azúcar en el licor de expedición aumenta la aceptabilidad por parte de los mismos. La aplicación del mapeo proyectivo permitió identificar diferencias y similitudes entre los espumantes y junto con los descriptores obtenidos como respuesta de la Pregunta Abierta, comprender a que se debieron las mismas. El ensayo Check-All-That-Apply complementó la descripción sensorial de los productos. A partir de esto podemos decir que es posible desarrollar un vino de tipo espumante usando una materia prima diferente, como es la Naranja de la variedad Valencia Late, adaptando el método Champanoise, obteniendo un producto final de apropiadas características sensoria
[CAT] El principal cultiu de fruita a nivell mundial és el de la taronja; la regió de Salto Grande i Concòrdia, es destaquen per la producció d'aquesta fruita cítrica i el sector és considerat clau per a l'economia regional. Per lo que l'agregat de valor a través del desenvolupament de nous productes a partir d'aquesta matèria prima, representi un enfocament estratègic necessitat d'aportacions en investigació i desenvolupament. El desenvolupament del "Vi espumós de taronja" es pot pensar, com una alternativa biotecnològica innovadora i com una opció per diversificar l'oferta de productes derivats de les fruites cítriques. Aquesta idea es sustenta en que el sector dels vins espumosos ha crescut en els últims anys i això es deu a canvis en els hàbits de consum per part de la població. El primer objectiu d'aquesta tesi va ser desenvolupar el "Vi espumós de taronja" utilitzant suc natural de la varietat València Late adaptant el mètode Champenoise, amb especial èmfasi en l'etapa de la clarificació, per la seua relació amb les característiques organolèptiques que defineixen la qualitat d'aquest tipus de productes; caracteritzant ademés els paràmetres enològics del vi base i els espumants de taronja. El segón objectiu va ser conèixer la composició de la fracció aromàtica lliure del vi base i els espumants, e identificar possibles modificacions produïdes per la segona fermentació, el temps de contacte amb les borres i els tractaments seleccionats per a la seua clarificació; per al compliment d'aquest objectiu es va utilisar la cromatografia gasosa acoplada a l'espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). Finalment, es va plantejar evaluar l'acceptabilitat del producte i caracteritzar-ho sensorialment, utilitzant mètodes basats en la percepció dels consumidors i d'aquesta manera conèixer el perfil que tenen els "Vins espumants de taronja" a través dels descriptors sensorials als que foren associats. Això permetria actuar sobre els paràmetres tecnològics a la recerca del "producte ideal". Atenent al disseny proposat per a l'obtenció dels vins espumats de taronja es va poder determinar que els paràmetres físico-químics evaluats van presentar valors dins del que s'estableix per a aquest tipus de productes. Des del punt de vista tecnològic, l'ocupació de menor temps de contacte amb les borres (6 mesos), podria tindre avantatges per a l'obtenció de vins espumosos amb menys intensitat de color, a causa de la ràpida evolució exhibida pels mateixos en un curt període de temps (augment de l'Índex de Amarronado). No obstant això en relació al perfil aromàtic dels espumants es va vore que el mateix es torna complex quan els espumants permaneixen major temps en contacte amb les borres dels llevats (9 mesos) i són tractats únicament amb bentonita per a la seua clarificació, això principalment per augment en la concentració d'alguns compostos com el lactat d'etil i el succinat de dietil, compostos que són considerats marcadors de criança dels vins espumants, que influeixen en el perfil aromàtic i en la textura i densitat, otorgant cos i consistència als mateixos. Els assajos sensorials utilitzats per a la caracterització dels "Vins espumants de taronja" en termes de consumidors va permetre establir que un major temps de contacte amb les borres i un agregat de sucre en el licor d'expedició augmenta l'acceptabilitat per part dels mateixos. L'aplicació del mapatge projectiu va permetre identificar diferències i similituds entre els espumants i juntament amb els descriptors obtinguts com a resposta de la Pregunta Oberta, comprendre a que es deuen les mateixes. L'assaig Check-All-That-Apply va complementar la descripció sensorial obtinguda dels productes. A partir d'això podem dir que és possible desenvolupar un vi de tipus espumós usant una matèria prima diferent com és la Taronja de la varietat València Late, adaptant el mètode Champenoise; obtenint un producte final de apropiades caracter
Stefani Leal, A. (2015). Desarrollo de Vino espumante de naranja (var. Valencia). Estudio de su fracción aromática libre y caracterización sensorial con consumidores [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59385
TESIS

A hermeneutic study about how preschool teachers cater for children’s need of sleep, rest and recovery in cooperation with parents. This study aims to explore how preschool teachers view the term care. The questions posed are designed to inquire how preschool personnel view the care needs of children in the area of sleep, rest and recovery, and how communication with caregiver functions. Furthermore, the study explores how preschool personnel creates conditions for sleep, rest and recovery for children. The material basis for the study consists of a quantitative survey of 33 answered questionnaires, and a qualitative survey of eight interviewed preschool personnel. Pre-existing studies have been used to clarify the term “care” and how the body and brain is affected by sleep, rest and recovery. The study proceeds from the ecological theory of development and takes a hermeneutic approach with the goal to understand how different systems effect how children´s need for care is met. The results of the study suggest that preschool personnel view “care” as a fundamental condition for the children´s ability to fully assimilate the education that the preschool offers. Furthermore, some of the questioned suggests that “care” ought to incorporate caregivers, and the communication between caregivers and the preschool. It is discovered that it is not always enough to share scientific knowledge regarding sleep with the caregivers, but rather that, how the children need of care in mentioned area is communicated, determines if the caregivers are reached or not. It further seems important for preschool personnel to be able to meet the care demands of the caregivers, so to create a long-term trust and collaboration between them and the preschool in order to cater to the individual needs of the child. Preschool personnel highlight the importance of creating conditions for sleep, rest and recovery, that are both spontaneous and structured in nature, so to best see to children's needs. However, some factors seem to challenge the ability for preschool personnel to create conditions for the full range of individual needs of children. The study also shows how higher levels of preschool management, such as principals or politicians indirectly effect how teachers actualize the term “care”.
Denna empiriska studie syftar till att undersöka hur pedagoger i förskolan skildrar begreppet omsorg. Frågeställningarna avser att undersöka hur pedagoger ser barns omsorgsbehov gällande sömn, vila och återhämning, samt hur kommunikationen kring ämnet fungerar med vårdnadshavare. Vidare undersöker studien hur pedagoger skapar förutsättningar för vila och återhämtning i förskolan. Det insamlade materialet består av en kvantitativ förundersökning med 33 enkätsvar, samt åtta kvalitativa intervjuer från pedagoger med olika befattningar. Tidigare forskning har använts för att belysa begreppet omsorg samt hur hjärnan och kroppen påverkas av sömn, vila och återhämtning. Studien grundar sig i den utvecklingsekologiska teorin samt en hermeneutisk forskningsansats som avser att skapa förståelse för hur olika system påverkar hur barnens omsorgsbehov tillgodoses. Resultatet i studien skildrar att pedagoger i förskolan ser omsorg som en grundläggande förutsättning för att barnen ska kunna tillgodose sig den utbildning förskolan erbjuder. Vissa av de intervjuade pedagogerna anser att begreppet omsorg bör inkorporera vårdnadshavare och kommunikationen mellan dem och förskolan. Det har framkommit att det inte alltid räcker med att förmedla vetenskaplig kunskap om sömn till vårdnadshavare. Det är snarare en fråga om hur barnets behov av sömn kommuniceras som avgör om pedagoger når fram till vårdnadshavare eller inte. Det verkar sedermera vara betydande för pedagoger att kunna bemöta vårdnadshavarnas behov av trygghet för att skapa ett långsiktig förtroende och samarbete mellan förskola och hem om hur barnets individuella behov skall tillgodoses. Pedagogerna som deltog i studien belyser vikten av att skapa tid och plats både planerat och spontant, samt på ett varierat sätt, för att kunna tillgodose barns behov av vila och återhämtning. Dock framkommer olika faktorer som utmanar arbetet med att skapa förutsättningar som tillgodoser alla barns behov. Studien belyser även att förskolans högre befattningar som rektorer och politiker indirekt påverkar hur pedagoger omsätter begreppet omsorg i praktiken.

Introdução: A privação do sono noturno decorrente da atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem em plantões noturnos pode levar a queixas de fadiga e a dificuldade de recuperação após trabalho. No entanto, a permissão para dormir durante a jornada noturna, tem sido comum entre as equipes de enfermagem. Objetivo: Verificar se a ocorrência dos cochilos no trabalho, bem como a sua duração, eficiência, latência, alocação e qualidade subjetiva, estão associadas à necessidade de recuperação após o trabalho e à percepção de fadiga entre profissionais de enfermagem de plantões noturnos. Métodos: Esse estudo transversal foi realizado em um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo, onde o cochilo durante o trabalho noturno é permitido. Profissionais de enfermagem do sexo feminino que trabalhavam há mais de um ano em plantões noturnos (19:00h-07:00h) e não referiram queixas em relação ao sono responderam o questionário (n=49) com dados sociodemográficos, informações sobre o trabalho (profissional e doméstico) e sintomas de saúde (percepção da fadiga, com escore que variava de 30 a 150 pontos, e necessidade de recuperação após o trabalho, com escore de 0 a 100 pontos). Elas também utilizaram o actímetro e preencheram o diário de atividades por até 10 dias consecutivos, para avaliação do ciclo vigília-sono. Resultados: A maioria das participantes (87%) apresentou episódios de sono no trabalho em todas as noites trabalhadas. A duração média do sono noturno no trabalho foi de 136 minutos (dp=39,8 minutos). A maior duração do sono noturno no trabalho foi encontrada entre as trabalhadoras que cochilaram na primeira metade da noite (00:00h-03:00h), quando comparadas àquelas que cochilaram entre 03:00h-06:00h. A qualidade subjetiva do sono noturno durante o trabalho foi significativamente inferior à qualidade do sono noturno em casa, nos 27 dias de folga. Já a latência do sono noturno no trabalho não apresentou duração média significantemente distinta quando comparada aos demais episódios de sono. A eficiência do sono noturno no trabalho foi semelhante à do sono noturno no dia de folga, porém superior quando comparada à eficiência do sono diurno. A maior duração do sono noturno no trabalho esteve associada às longas horas de trabalho doméstico e à maior sobrecarga doméstica. A média da necessidade de recuperação após o trabalho e da percepção de fadiga foi de 43,6 pontos e 63,5 pontos, respectivamente. As trabalhadoras mais jovens, aquelas que realizavam menor jornada de trabalho doméstico e as enfermeiras referiram maior percepção de fadiga. A ocorrência dos cochilos no trabalho, bem como a sua duração, latência, alocação e qualidade não foram associadas à necessidade de recuperação e à fadiga. No entanto, observou-se que entre os participantes que trabalhavam 6 ou mais noites/quinzena, houve maior eficiência do sono noturno no trabalho entre os mais fatigados e com maior necessidade de recuperação. Conclusões: Embora as diferentes durações do cochilo noturno no trabalho não tenham se mostrado associadas à fadiga e à necessidade de recuperação, sua ocorrência se mostrou benéfica para as participantes do presente estudo no que tange à eficiência do sono e às demandas da vida social.
Introduction: Sleep deprivation due to night work among nursing professionals can compromise their health. Fatigue complaints are often mentioned, as well as difficulty to recover from work. Aim: To evaluate if napping during night work (duration, latency, allocation and quality) is associated with need for recovery from work, and fatigue perception among nursing professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing professionals in a public hospital of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. At this hospital, napping was allowed during night work. Female nurses and nursing assistants who worked night shifts (19:00h 7:00h) and did not report sleep complaints (N = 49) filled in a questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, aspects of professional and domestic work and health (need for recovery from work - the total score ranged from 0 to 100 - and fatigue perception - the total score ranged from 30 to 150). As a second step, they used an actigraph for 10 consecutive days that allow us to evaluate their wake-sleep cycle. Activity diaries were also filled out during this period of time. Results: The majority of participants (87%) nap during all working nights. The mean duration of napping at work was 136 minutes (sd= 39.8 min). Those who nap in the first half of the night (00:00h-03:00h) showed the longest napping duration, compared to those who nap between 03:00h-06:00h. The perception of sleep quality during night work (napping) was lower compared to night sleep at home during off-days. The sleep latency, either at work, or at home did not show significant differences. The sleep efficiency at work was similar of night sleep efficiency at home, but was higher 29 when compared with sleep efficiency of day sleep at home. The longest duration of napping was associated with long hours of domestic work and higher domestic overload. The mean need for recovery from work was 43.6 points and perception of fatigue was 63.5 points. The younger workers, those who performed short hours of domestic work and registered nurses reported a higher perception of fatigue. There were no associations between sleep during night work (duration, latency, allocation and quality) and need for recovery from work and fatigue perception. However, among participants who worked six or more nights every 15 days, the higher the perception of fatigue and need for recovery from work, the higher the efficiency of sleep during night work. Conclusions: In spite of different napping durations were not associated with fatigue and need for recovery, napping showed positive effects to participants in relation to sleep efficiency and social aspects of their lives.

There are many life cycle assessments performed on nappy products in different countries which differ with waste management, distances to producers of nappies and retailers. In this paper, life cycle assessment is performed using Simapro with assumptions on the Swedish customer and the current waste management that exist in Sweden to evaluate the environmental load for disposable and reusable nappies. The aim of this study is to find out which nappy is better from an environmental perspective. According to the results of this study, reusable nappies perform better in most of the chosen categories. Only a few were outperformed by disposable diapers, these include human carcinogenic, land use, water consumption and stratospheric ozone depletion. The highest impact in the life cycle of a reusable nappy was in the manufacturing phase with cotton production related processes and in the use phase, where most of the impact came from the additional electricity use. For the disposable system, a huge amount of 3796 diapers was needed in the production phase for the nappy usage of an average child. The manufacturing affects the environmental impact categories like resource depletion, freshwater and terrestrial ecotoxicity, ozone formation, global warming potential and others. These findings can improve understanding of different environmental loads of the manufacturing processes, use and end phases of the nappy and contribute to sustainable development.

2020-06-05

Abstract In the textile industry, a napping machine is used to raise pile on the surface of the web (knit or woven fabric). As a result of the napping machine’s high speed planetary motion, the web can get tangled in the machine and induces damage to both the machine and the web. By averting wrap-up incidents, it is possible to save maintenance costs, reduce machine downtime, and make the work environment safer. This paper introduces a method for predicting wrap-up incidents in a napping machine to avoid costly damage to the machine. The task of detecting wrap-up incidents is achieved by using indirect sensing of vibration signals from the napping machine. The data collected from the napping machine are represented by discrete wavelet transforms. The features extracted from the coefficients of the discrete wavelet transforms are used as inputs to a multilayer neural network. Once the neural network is trained by using the data specific to the napping machine, data from the machine are processed and fed to the neural network for online wrap-up incident prediction. Several experiments are conducted on a test napping machine, to verify and validate the proposed wrap-up detection scheme. It was found that the vibration signals along the horizontal direction of the main shaft of the napping machine provides an impressive 100% correct wrap-up detection signal.

Background: Poor glycemic control is associated with chronic life-threatening complications. Several studies have revealed that sleep status is associated with glycemic control. Aim: to examine the association between sleep duration, quality and glycemic control among adults with diabetes. Methods: Data on 2500 participants aged 18–60 years were collected from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). Sleep duration and quality were assessed by a self-completed health and lifestyle questionnaire, and glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep duration, napping, snoring and poor glycemic control. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, sleep duration was not associated with poor glycemic control. Lack of association persisted after controlling for smoking, physical activity, education, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake, insulin and medication use. However, sleeping for long hours at night (8 h) had a trend in increasing the risk of poor glycemic control (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.94–1.74). Napping was positively associated with poor glycemic control. After adjusting for age and gender, patients who reported “sometimes, frequently, or always” napping had more than 30% increased risk of poor control as compared to patients who reported “never/rarely” napping. Snoring was not associated with poor glycemic control among the study sample when adjusted for age and gender (p = 0.61). Other factors were found to be associated with a better glycemic control such as female, high educational and high physical activity level. Conclusions: our results suggest that napping may be an independent risk factor for a poor glycemic control in diabetes. Further research is needed to establish the causal link between sleep and impaired glucose metabolism. These findings may open up new strategies for targeted intervention to improve the duration and quality of sleep.