Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nappies'
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Petraitis, Stanislav. "Which nappies are better to use from an environmental point of view?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekoteknik- och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41961.
Full text2020-06-05
Nealis, Carolina. "Technology and market screening for “green” disposable diapers." Thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298121.
Full textThe market claims of “using as little plastic as possible” is misleading when 5 out of 11 “green” diaper brands analysed contain 80-75 % fossil based plastic. It is also evident that few brands have changed materials going against babies skin from fossil based plastic to plant based, although they claim only natural material touches babies skin. This demonstrates greenwashing present in marketing of environmentally friendly disposable diapers. Based on this study, calling a product “green” today is not related to any demands on product materials and parents are easily mislead. A product can include 80 % fossil based plastic and be considered green without going against the law. Not only will greenwashing mislead consumers, but it will also contribute to slowing the worldwide development towards sustainable consumption, since greenwashing may have a risk of discouraging sincere companies efforts to go green and guide truly genuine consumers towards non-optimal choices. This gives potentially the effect of unnecessarily increasing product consumption and thereby slowing the movement towards a more sustainable environment. It is therefore of interest to highlight possible greenwashing in the diaper industry. With the hope of creating customer awareness during purchase of “green” disposable diapers. This is accomplished by investigating the market claims compared to laboratory analytical results. The “green” brands under investigation were Lillydoo, Naty, Pampers Pure, Kit & Kin, Bambo Nature, Love & Green, Moltex, Seventh Generation, The Honest company, Hello Bello, and Tooshies by Tom. For reference values two “non-green” brands are chosen as Libero and Pampers. These in total 13 brands were examined using the analytical techniques FTIR, radiocarbon dating, and density measurements. For the GC/MS method only the fossil based diaper brand Pampers was examined. From these experiments the diaper polymers, unknown substances, and total amount of biobased content may be identified. The diaper polymers observed were polypropylene, polyethylene,polyethylene terephthalate, or the bicomponent fiber polypropylene/polyethylene, as well as the biodegradable polylactic acid. For “non-green” brands, the amount of biobased carbon content ranged from 13-15%. While for the “green” diaper brands the amount of biobased carbon varied from 20-53%. The results obtained from this study, show that some brands do not exchange more than 5 % of materials from fossil based to biobased and still contain 80% plastic while labelling themselves as green. As the certifications frequently used by diaper brands have too tolerant levels for fossile based materials, the “plastic” diapers can obtain certificates consumers falsely believe guarantees a green product. There is a big need for stricter laws on what a diaper needs to fullfil to be called itself green, equally so on how industry set up certification criteria. Today consumers who want to buy green diapers are too easily misled as majority of claimed green brands are not much greener than standard diapers.
Van, der Merwe Hendrik Naude. "Remote sensing driven lithological discrimination within nappes of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97147.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geological remote sensing is a powerful tool for lithological discrimination, especially in arid regions with minimal vegetative cover to obscure rock exposures. Commercial multispectral imaging satellites provide a broad spectral range with which to target specific rock types. Landsat ETM+ (7), ASTER, and SPOT 5 multispectral images were acquired and digitally processed: band ratioing, principle components analysis, and maximum likelihood supervised classification. The sensors were evaluated on the ability to discriminate between sedimentary rocks in a structurally complex setting. The study focusses on the formations of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, Namibia. Previous work of the area had to be consulted in order to identify the main target rock types. Dolomite, limestone, quartzite, and shale were determined to make up the majority of rock types in the area. Landsat, ASTER, and SPOT 5 imagery were acquired and pre-processed. Each was subjected to transform techniques: band ratios and PCA. Band ratios were tailored to highlighted target rock types as well as a number of control ratios to ensure the integrity of important ratios. PCA components were inspected to find the most useful ones which were combined into FCCs. Transform results, expert knowledge, and a geological map were consulted to identify training and accuracy samples for the supervised classifications. All three classifications made use of the same set of training and accuracy samples to facilitate useful comparisons. Transform results were promising for Landsat and ASTER images, while SPOT 5 struggled. The limited spectral resolution of SPOT 5 limited its use for identifying target rock types, with the superior spatial resolution contributing very little. Landsat benefitted from good spectral resolution. This allowed for good performance with highlighting limestone and dolomite, while being less successful with shale. Quartzite was a real problem as the spectral resolution of Landsat could not cover this range as well. ASTER, having the highest spectral resolution, could distinguish between all four target rock types. Landsat and ASTER results suffered in areas where formations were relatively thin (smaller than sensor spatial resolution). The supervised classification results were similar to the transforms in that both Landsat and ASTER provided useful results, while SPOT 5 failed to yield definitive results. Accuracy assessment determined that ASTER performed the best at 98.72%. Landsat produced an accuracy of 93.29% while SPOT 5 was 80.17% accuracy. Landsat completely overestimated the amount of quartzite present, while all results classified significant proportions Quaternary sediments as shale. Limestone was well represented in even the poorest results, while dolomite usually struggled in areas where it was in close association with quartzite. Silica yields relatively strong responses in the TIR spectrum which could lead to misclassification of dolomite, which also has strong TIR signatures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geologiese afstandswaarneming is 'n kragtige tegniek vir litologiese diskriminasie, veral in droë streke met minimale plantbedekking om dagsome te verduister. Kommersiële multispektrale satelliete beelde bied 'n breë spektrale reeks waarmee spesifieke gesteentetipes geteiken kan word. Landsat ETM + (7), ASTER, en SPOT 5 multispektrale beelde was bekom en digitaal verwerk: bandverhoudings, hoofkomponente-ontleding, en maksimum waarskynlikheid klassifikasie. Die sensors is geëvalueer op hul vermoë om te onderskei tussen sedimentêre gesteentes in 'n struktureel komplekse omgewing. Die studie fokus op die formasies van die Naukluft Dekblad Kompleks, Namibië. Vorige werk van die area was geraadpleeg om die hoofgesteentetipes te identifiseer. Dit was bepaal dat dolomiet, kalksteen, kwartsiet, en skalie die oorgrote meerderheid van kliptipes in area opgemaak het. Landsat, ASTER, en SPOT 5 beelde is verkry en voorverwerk. Elke beeld was onderwerp aan transformasietegnieke: bandverhoudings en hoofkomponente-ontleding. Bandverhoudings is aangepas om teiken rotstipes uit te lig asook 'n aantal kontrole bandverhoudings om die integriteit van belangrike verhoudings te verseker. Hoofkomponente-ontleding komponente is ondersoek om die mees bruikbares te vind en dié was gekombineer in valse kleur samestellings. Transformasie resultate, deskundige kennis, en 'n geologiese kaart was geraadpleeg om opleidings- en verwysingsmonsters was verkry vanaf die beelde vir die klassifikasies. Al drie klassifikasies gebruik gemaak van dieselfde stel van die opleiding- en akkuraatheidsmonsters om sodoende betekenisvolle vergelykings te verseker. Transformasie resultate is belowend vir Landsat en ASTER beelde, terwyl SPOT 5 minder bruikbaar was. Die noue spektrale resolusie van SPOT 5 beperk die gebruik daarvan vir die identifisering van teiken gesteentetipes terwyl die hoë ruimtelike resolusie baie min bydra. Landsat het voordeel getrek uit goeie spektrale resolusie. Dit goeie resultate opgelwer met die klem op kalksteen en dolomiet, terwyl skalie aansienlik swakker resultate opgelewer het. Kwartsiet was 'n werklike probleem omdat die spektrale resolusie van Landsat nie breed genoeg was om hierdie kliptipe te onderskei nie. ASTER, met die hoogste spektrale resolusie, kon onderskei tussen al vier teiken rotstipes. Landsat en ASTER resultate was baie negatief beïnvloed in gebiede waar formasies relatief dun was (kleiner as sensor ruimtelike resolusie). Die klassifikasie resultate was soortgelyk aan die transformasies in dat beide Landsat en ASTER nuttige resultate opgelewer het, terwyl SPOT 5 misluk het. Akkuraatheids assessering het bepaal dat ASTER die beste gevaar het met 98,72%. Landsat het 'n akkuraatheid van 93,29% opgelewer, terwyl SPOT 5 80,17% akkuraat was. Landsat het die hoeveelheid kwartsiet heeltemal oorskat, terwyl al die resultate groot hoeveelhede Kwaternêre sedimente as skalie geklassifiseer het. Kalksteen is goed verteenwoordig in tot die armste resultate, terwyl resultate gewoonlik afgeneem het waar dolomiet in noue verband met kwartsiet was. Dit is moontlik asgevolg van silika se relatiewe sterk reaksies in die termiese infra-rooi spektrum wat kan lei tot die foutiewe klassifisering met dolomiet (wat ook sterk reageer in die TIR spektrum).
Denier, Philippe. "Etude in-situ de la corrosion par les eaux des nappes phreatiques. Application a l'utilisation thermique de la nappe aquifere rhenane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13146.
Full textLhuissier, Henri. "Nappes, trous, ligaments et gouttes." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600229.
Full textBremond, Nicolas. "Stabilité et atomisation des nappes liquides." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011518.
Full textLe premier correspond à un état stable pour lequel la nappe reste plane. Cet état est étudié à l'aide d'un dispositif formant des nappes par collision de jets cylindriques. Un couplage entre des modulations d'épaisseur de la nappe et la déstabilisation capillaire du bord libre conduisant à la formation des gouttes est mis en évidence. Ces modulations d'épaisseur sont dues aux conditions d'injection et pilotent la fragmentation de la nappe.
Lorsque la vitesse d'écoulement dans la nappe est augmentée, une instabilité de cisaillement avec l'air se développe et la nappe se met à battre tel un drapeau. Ce second régime est étudié à partir d'une nappe formée par la collision normale d'un jet rond sur un cylindre solide pouvant osciller verticalement. Les caractéristiques des ondes générées par l'oscillation du point d'impact (vitesse, amplitude,...) sont correctement prédites par une analyse linéaire. Les ondulations de la surface imposent une accélération transitoire au liquide. Cette situation est instable au sens de Rayleigh-Taylor et conduit à des modulations d'épaisseur transverses à l'écoulement. La modification du champ d'épaisseur conditionne la morphologie du bord libre qui est constitué d'indentations à l'extrémité desquelles des ligaments sont formés et se brisent en gouttes. Un modèle incluant le développement des deux instabilités permet de rendre compte de la caractérisation de la fragmentation de la nappe (lieu de brisure, vitesse et taille des gouttes). Enfin, d'autres situations expérimentales mettant en jeu des accélérations et des modulations d'épaisseur sur des nappes liquides sont également envisagées.
Vernay, Clara. "Déstabilisation de nappes liquides d'émulsions diluées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS199/document.
Full textOne of the major environmental issues related to spraying of pesticides on cultivated crops is the drift phenomenon. Because of the wind, small droplets may drift away from the targeted crop and cause contamination. One way to reduce the drift is to control the spray drop size distribution and reduce the proportion of small drops. In this context, anti-drift additives have been developed, including dilute oil-in-water emulsions. Although being documented, the effects of oil-in-water emulsions on spray drop size distribution are not yet understood. The objective of this thesis is to determine the mechanisms at the origin of the changes of the spray drop size distribution for emulsion-based sprays.Agricultural spraying involves atomizing a liquid stream through a hydraulic nozzle. At the exit of the nozzle, a free liquid sheet is formed, which is subsequently destabilized into droplets. In order to elucidate the mechanisms causing the changes of the spray drop size distribution, we investigate the influence of emulsions on the destabilization mechanisms of liquid sheets. Model single-tear experiments based on the collision of one tear of liquid on a small solid target are used to produce and visualize liquid sheets with a fast camera. Upon impact, the tear flattens into a sheet radially expanding in the air bounded by a thicker rim. Different destabilization mechanisms of the sheet are observed depending on the fluid properties. A pure water sheet spreads out radially and then retracts due to the effect of surface tension. Simultaneously, the rim corrugates forming radial ligaments, which are subsequently destabilized into droplets. The destabilization mechanism is drastically modified when a dilute oil-in-water emulsion is used. Emulsion-based liquid sheets are destabilized through the nucleation of holes within the sheet that perforate the sheet during its expansion. The holes grow until they merge together and form a web of ligaments, which are then destabilized into drops.The physical-chemical parameters of the emulsion, such as emulsion concentration and emulsion droplet size distribution, are modified to rationalize their influence on the perforation mechanism. We correlate the size distribution of drops issued from conventional agricultural spray with the amount of perforation events in single-tear experiments, demonstrating that the single-tear experiment is an appropriate model experiment to investigate the physical mechanisms governing the spray drop size distribution of anti-drift formulations. We show that the relevant mechanism causing the increase of drops size in the emulsion-based spray is a perforation mechanism.To gain an understanding of the physical mechanisms at the origin of the perforation events, we develop an optical technique that allows the determination of the time and space-resolved thickness of the sheet. We find that the formation of a hole in the sheet is systematically preceded by a localized thinning of the liquid film. We show that the thinning results from the entering and Marangoni-driven spreading of emulsion oil droplet at the air/water interface. The localized thinning of the liquid film ultimately leads to the rupture of the film. We propose the perforation mechanism as a sequence of two necessary steps: the emulsion oil droplets (i) enter the air/water interface, and (ii) spread at the interface. We show that the formulation of the emulsion is a critical parameter to control the perforation. The addition of salt or amphiphilic copolymers can trigger or completely inhibit the perforation mechanism. We show that the entering of oil droplets at the air/water interface is the limiting step of the mechanism. Thin-film forces such as electrostatic or steric repulsion forces stabilize the thin film formed between the interface and the approaching oil droplets preventing the entering of oil droplets at the interface and so inhibit the perforation process
Agbaglah, Gbémého Gilou. "Dynamique et instabilité des nappes liquides." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066195.
Full textBrémond, Nicolas. "Stabilité et atomisation des nappes liquides." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11011.
Full textPierre, Olivier. "Nappes de tourbillon-courant en magnétohydrodynamique." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4025/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider the coupling between two ideal and homogeneous plasmas, giving rise to a tangential discontinuity across a time-dependent hypersurface. The motion of such a fluid is described by the ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations. This shear flow leads to the creation of a current-vortex sheet. The first part of this work is devoted to the construction of analytic solutions to the current-vortex sheet system, using a Cauchy-Kowalevskaya theorem. In a second part, we look at the qualitative behavior of exact solutions to the current-vortex sheet system, obtained from highly oscillating initial data. We use tools of geometric optics and we exhibit the creation of surface waves when the initial datum is oscillating with particular frequencies
Saleminik, Motahareh. "Power of Napping`Designing a Tool to Promote Napping Behavior’." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595848274679832.
Full textHadjerioua, Boualem. "Air entrainment and oxygenation by overfalling nappes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186852.
Full textPfingstag, Gilles. "Etude de la dynamique de nappes visqueuses." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066653.
Full textPerdigou, Claude. "Stabilité des nappes visqueuses en écoulement ouvert." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066136/document.
Full textWe consider a vertical sheet made up of an homogeneous viscous fluid and falling into a bath. This curtain is formed by an inlet injecting viscous fluid at the top of the domain and creating an open flow. The resulting thin structure is falling under the effect of gravity, and develops regions of compressive stress. These may lead to a mechanical instability as the sheet can buckle under compression, losing its planar geometry and deforming in the out-of-plane direction.In previous studies, buckling of a viscous sheet that leads to surface wrinkles was associated with flows having a direction of invariance. We will be considering a genuinely two-dimensional stress state.We first introduce stability methods on a simple solid mechanics problem, obtaining equations in weak form and using a finite elements solver to obtain its buckled configurations.We will then study both the modelling of the falling curtain as a viscous membrane and its numerical resolution. We will derive a model with kinematics mixing velocities and displacements and use a viscous membrane model. Inspired by the solid mechanics of thin structures it uses the Stokes-Rayleigh analogy to transpose the concepts of stretching and bending stress to viscous flows. Equations for the out-of-plane equilibrium are of high order and require a specific numerical scheme. Capillary effects can be taken into account in the model and we assess their influence.We finally present a stability analysis hoping to improve our analytical understanding of the buckling phenomenon. We adapt a framework developed for the study of open shear flows instabilities to the out-of-plane equilibrium equations
McArthur, Kelsey L. "Tectonic reconstruction and sediment provenance of a far-traveled nappe, west-central Norway." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1475187641&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHeymes, Thomas. "La transition raccourcissement-extension Oligocène dans l’édifice de nappes de l’Arc Calabro-Péloritain (Italie méridionale) : nouvelles données structurales, métamorphiques et géochronologiques sur le Massif de l’Aspromonte." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10039.
Full textThe geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean area is characterized by the superimposition of convergence and extensional tectonic phases marked by the opening of sedimentary and oceanic basins onto a former thickened crust. The Calabro-Peloritan Arc (CPA) located astride the southern end of continental Italy and the northeastern Sicily corresponds to a segment of the former south-European active margin. This area, together with the Kabylian and Betico-Rifan massifs, was involved successively in shortening tectonics, associated to the subduction of the Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, and in extensional tectonics during the opening of the western Mediterranean basins. The CPA is a nappes-pile made of Alpine oceanic-derived units tectonically overlain by Hercynian metamorphics. This tectonic edifice was then transported onto the Apennine chain during the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin. The study presented here focused on the Aspromonte Massif which corresponds to the southern part of the CPA. The main purposes were to precise the geometry and the tectonometamorphic evolution of the units forming the uppermost part of the nappes-pile in order to better understand the conditions of the shortening to extension transition and the Oligocene Mediterranean kinematics. A multidisciplinary approach was used implying structural geology, microstructural and petrographic analysis of sampled rocks, thermobarometric estimates of the successive metamorphic phases and their dating by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Except for the evidences of a rather poorly constrained Hercynian evolution, the main results obtained show, a two steps Alpine evolution. The first step corresponds to a stacking phase; the second one corresponds to an extensional reworking of the entire nappes-pile. Metamorphic and geochronological data suggest that the piling was initiated in the middle of Eocene (~45 Ma) or earlier, while extension started probably in the lower Oligocene (since 33 Ma) and lasted until the middle Oligocene (27 Ma) without change in orientation. This second deformation phase leads to the progressive exhumation of the deepest units, partly controlled by a strong tectonic denudation. The kinematic directions of this reconstituted structural evolution, replaced in their initial position and orientation, before the CPA formation, imply a shortening direction in agreement with the bulk convergence direction between African and European plates at Eocene times. In the contrary, the age of the extensional phase indicates that the western Mediterranean tectonic thinning started probably at least in Lower Oligocene. In addition, its location and orientation suggest that it could be related to the opening of the North-Algerian basin, previously to the opening of the Liguro-Provencal basin and the associated SE-directed Tethyan slab retreat
Lignon, Eric. "Modélisation multi-échelles de nappes fibrées en compression." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00588116.
Full textSoubra, Mustapha. "Stabilité des remblais renforcés par des nappes horizontales." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10134.
Full textOuazzani-Touhami, Mohamed. "Structures et recristallisations associées dans des zones de cisaillement nappes de Mascate, Oman, et nappes de Federico s.l., Rif interne, Maroc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600161v.
Full textKrimissa, Samira. "Nappes superficielles en zone semi-aride : origine des eaux et de la salinité, renouvellement : exemple des nappes Massa et Souss (Maroc)." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2040.
Full textOuazzani-Touhami, Mohamed. "Structures et recristallisations associees dans des zones de cisaillement : nappes de mascate (oman) et nappes de frederico s.l. (rif interne, maroc)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13198.
Full textJohnson, Christopher. "Neogene tectonics in South Eastern Spain : constraints from fission track analysis." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326316.
Full textHivert, Pascal. "Nappes sous-régulières et équations de certaines compactifications magnifiques." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564594.
Full textRakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617834s.
Full textGuerangé-Lozes, Jacqueline. "Les Nappes varisques de l'Albigeois cristallin : lithostratigraphie, volcanisme et déformations /." Orléans : Ed. du Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34928102s.
Full textRakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
Full textChaussé, Christine Tuffreau Alain. "Les nappes alluviales de la basse vallée de l'Yonne, approche géométrique et chronostratigraphique et l'apport de l'étude de la Nappe de Soucy à la compréhension des occupations du Paléolithique inférieur de Soucy." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace.
Full textChaussé, Christine. "Les nappes alluviales de la basse vallée de l'Yonne, approche géométrique et chronostratigraphique et l'apport de l'étude de la Nappe de Soucy à la compréhension des occupations du Paléolithique inférieur de Soucy." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-33-34.pdf.
Full textMerle, Olivier. "Cinématique des nappes superficielles et profondes dans une chaîne de collision." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656020.
Full textGoeury, Cédric, and Cédric Goeury. "Modélisation du transport des nappes d'hydrocarbures en zone continentale et estuarienne." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00778087.
Full textHaroux, Christian. "Biogéochimie du manganèse dans les nappes aquifères libres du domaine rhodanien." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375982414.
Full textFrugis, Gabriella Labate. "O sistema de Nappes Andrelândia Oriental - proveniência sedimentar e evolução tectônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44143/tde-27092016-145921/.
Full textDistinct paleogeographic segments were recognized in the São Francisco and Paranapanema paleoplate margins and resulted, during the collision, in the tectonic piles of sin-metamorphic nappes from the Southern Brasília Orogen. Through major, minor and trace elements and Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic systems in whole-rock, REE and U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic systems in zircon, it was possible to evidence distinct sedimentation environments and distinct chemistry characters of the sources from the Santo Antônio and Serra da Boa Vista units, Andrelândia Nappe, and from the Liberdade Nappe metasedimentary rocks. The Liberdade Nappe rocks register provenance from a tonian magmatic continental arc, with maximum depositional age of 790 Ma. Older sources also occur from the Mesoproterozoic, of 1.10-1.25 Ga and 1.35-1.50 Ga, and from the Statherian-Orosirian of 1.75-1.85 Ga. Metawackes from the Santo Antônio Unit, with maximum depositional age of 680 Ma, register low index of chemical alteration and origin from depleted Neoproterozoic sources, of the Tonian-Cryogenian, derived from an intra-oceanic island arc system and, subordinately, from its more evolved products. Sources of 1.00-1.26 Ga contributed in minor expression. The upper Andrelândia Nappe Unit, Serra da Boa Vista, shows the highest rates of chemical alteration and does not register zircon detritic crystals from the Neoproterozoic magmatism. This metasediment sources were composed by Mesoproterozoic rocks, of 1.00-1.28 Ga and 1.35-1.48 Ga, and from the Shatherian-Orosirian, of 1.75-1.95 Ga. In minor expression Rhyacian sources, of 2.07-2.15 Ga occur. The predominance of Mesoproterozoic ages suggest sources with Grenville affinities, probably related to a western continent suggesting the correlation between Paranapanema and Rodinia. The Rhyacian zircon detritic crystals in the upper unit, Serra da Boa Vista, allied to the absence of Neoproterozoic arc magmatism register, suggest flysch-type collisional sedimentary deposits, with source duplicity, Rodinia to the west and São Francisco-Africa to the east. Ages of 0.99-1.27 Ga, mainly from depleted rocks, suggest sources with Grenville affinity, defining a western continent and marking a possible correlation between Paranapanema and Rodinia. The retroeclogitic and metavulcanic rocks studied, from the Liberdade Nappe, present igneous ages of 1.46-1.48 Ga, older than the maximum depositional age of the metassedimentary rocks (790 Ma) in which they are inserted. They are admitted as blocks or tectonic lenses fallen from the source-area as olistoliths into the sedimentary basin. The retroeclogitic lenses indicate a long-lived subduction process of continental slices. The zircon crystal metamorphic recrystallizations (between 760 Ma and 670 Ma) are concomitant to the garnet cores growth and suggest the beginning of the decompression. Probably these blocks were tectonically inserted into the subduction channel sediments during the extrusion process. An interval of 35 m.y. is admitted for the collisional migration of the active margin nappe system. It is registered in the U-Pb ages of 635-600 Ma from the zircon crystal overgrowths with low Th/U ratio. The collisional between these segments of Rodinia and Africa occurred between 670 Ma and 635 Ma, as indicated through the distinct metamorphic events and by the Santo Antônio metawackes maximum depositional age.
Blanchier, Alain. "Etude de la stabilité d'un talus renforcé par des nappes géotextiles." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10499.
Full textHaroux, Christian. "Biogéochimie du manganèse dans les nappes aquifères libres du domaine rhodanien." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11708.
Full textErawan, Dadang. "Contribution à la simulation numérique des nappes tourbillonnaires en description Lagrangienne." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2278.
Full textKhaligh, Haghbin Mohammad Ebrahim. "Stabilité de nappes conductrices de l'électricité avec et sans champ magnétique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL099N.
Full textAlthough the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of plane fiuid sheets hasbeen studied by numerous authors for half a century, many questions remain unsolved. The present work is an effort to solve theoretically some of these problems. Two models of an inviscid plane jet in bounded and unbounded inviscid environment have been elaborated. An unexpected result has been the destabilizing effect of solid boundaries. Also, the mathematical difficulty of a spatio-temporal analysis for an unbounded system, due to non meromorphic dispersion relations, has been studied in details and. ,. Partly solved. Thereafter, the case of a constant and parallel magnetic field. , applied to an electrically conducting sheet, has been considered, and revealed that the magnetic field has a stabilizing effect, in contrast with previous results
Vu, Trung-Thanh. "Processus d'atomisation des nappes liquides turbulentes : analyse expérimentale et développements numériques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR053/document.
Full textLiquid fuel atomization is crucial for the performance of internal combustion engines. Through an injector, the liquid is delivered into the combustion chamber and breaks down into droplets. The finer the drops, the quicker their evaporation and the more proper their mixing with air. A proficient combustion could hence be expected, with low pollutant emissions. Atomization quality is primarily affected by the injector design and the operating conditions which shape the internal flow structure, the turbulence level, the velocity profile at the nozzle outlet, the cavitation and so forth. All these features are determinants of the breakup of the external liquid flow. Another key parameter to optimize the atomization process is the fuel physical properties. One can think of, among others, the dynamic surface tension controlled by the diffusion of the surfactants on the liquid-gas interface or the extensional viscosity which makes a liquid to become more resistant to the stretching, thereby affecting the breakup. Effects of the injector design, the operating conditions and the liquid properties on the atomization are inter-dependent. Analyses of experimental data help us to understand the involved mechanisms and their interactions. On the one hand, this is useful for the numerical developments which should be carried out depending upon the configuration. On the other hand, quantitative criterion could be established to validate the simulation results. Following the above research methodology, we aim to study the disintegration of planar turbulent liquid sheets produced by a triple-disk injector. Experimental measurements provide the sheet images, used as input for a multi-scale analysis. We investigate, thanks to the latter, the behaviours of the liquid sheet, the ligaments appearing on its edges and the resulting droplets. Moreover, two immersed boundary methods are developed, aiming to simultaneously solve the nozzle flow and the breakup process. We carry out two applications, the first one on a liquid jet ejected by a cylindrical nozzle and the other a planar sheet issuing from a triple-disk injector
Goeury, Cédric. "Modélisation du transport des nappes d'hydrocarbures en zone continentale et estuarienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1131/document.
Full textThe application of the European Water Framework Directive on water quality for human consumption and industrial activities creates a need for water quality assessment and monitoring systems. The MIGR'HYCAR research project (http://www.migrhycar.com) was initiated to provide decisional tools for risks connected to oil spills in continental waters (rivers, lakes and estuaries), which represent more than 50% of accidental spills in France. Within the framework of this project, a new numerical oil spill model has been developed, as part of the Telemac hydro-informatics system (see: (http://www.opentelemac.org), by combining Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian model describes the transport of an oil spill near the free surface. The oil spill model enables to simulate the main processes driving oil plumes: advection, diffusion, oil beaching, oil re-floating, evaporation, dissolution, spreading and volatilization. Though generally considered as a minor process, dissolution is important from the point of view of toxicity. To model dissolved oil in water, an Eulerian advection-diffusion model is used. The fraction of dissolved oil is represented by a passive tracer. This approach is able to follow dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterise the numerous kinetics of the processes listed above. In addition, meso-scale dynamic experiments in artificial channels and test cases derived from the literature are used to validate the numerical model
Arnaud, Florence. "Analyse structurale et thermo-barométrique d'un système de chevauchements varisque : les Cévennes centrales, Massif central français : microstructures et mécanismes de déformation dans les zones de cisaillement schisteuses /." Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370852640.
Full textTondji, Biyo Jacques-Jean. "Chevauchements et bassins compressifs, influence de l'érosion et de la sédimentation, modélisation analogique et exemples naturels /." Rennes : Géosciences, Université de Rennes I, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35767406c.
Full textLe, Minh Tam. "Réflexions méthodologiques autour du Napping : vers une intégration du comportement du sujet dans l’analyse des données de Napping." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARG014/document.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation aims to bring the methodological reflection elements around the Napping® method. Chapter 1 provides the concept of Napping® via a description of its procedure and data format, as it was originally conceived by Jérôme Pagès (2005). This chapter also discussed the importance of taking into account the subject's behaviour during the task for a better understanding of the data collected and their analysis. Chapter 2 proposes a model of the subject's behaviour in which the number of stimuli is relatively high, a situation commonly encountered in practice. This model and its limitations lead to Chapter 3, where a new technique for collecting Napping® data, named digit-tracking, is presented.This new technique of data collection allows to observe the subject’s behaviour over time by recording the relative positioning of all stimuli throughout the task rather than solely her/his final configuration. Finally, Chapter 4 presents a tool devoted to collecting Napping® data over time. This tool is a collaborative platform that works together with an android application for collecting data on tactile tablet devices – Holos environment, which enables researchers to share totally or partially their study resources
Tardy, Philippe. "Modélisation de la pollution des sols et des nappes par des hydrocarbures." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10597.
Full textMessas, Tahar. "Etude des renforcements des sols par nappes discontinues en matières plastiques souples." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10280.
Full textCurtis, David. "Variations in nappe related fabric orientations during Paleopropterozoic ductile reworking of Archean basement, central Laramie Mountains, southeastern Wyoming /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421128.
Full textDubois, Véronique. "Caractérisation d'une nappe en milieu alluvial à partir des chroniques piézométriques mensuelles application aux relations nappe-rivière (nappe de l'Hérault) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613383n.
Full textBurns, Ian Marcus. "Tectonothermal evolution and petrogenesis of the Navier and Kirtomy Nappes, North Sutherland, Scotland." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261600.
Full textBechennec, François. "Géologie des nappes Hawasina dans les parties orientale et centrale des montagnes d'Oman." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602726g.
Full textChalouan, Ahmed. "Les Nappes ghomarides, Rif septentrional, Maroc, un terrain varisque dans la chaîne alpine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375965884.
Full textBechennec, François. "Géologie des nappes Hawasina dans les parties orientale et centrale des montagnes d'Oman /." Orléans : Ed. BRGM, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34939783q.
Full textGarcia, Maria da Gloria Motta. "Associações metamórficas de alta pressão: nappes neoproterozóicas a sul do Cráton São Francisco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44134/tde-10062013-100709/.
Full textThe area studied is characterised by a set of structurally related units roughly transported to E-NE towards the southern edge of the São Francisco Craton. The Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe (SGN) represents the western and uppermost terrain made up of both amphibolite and granulite facies mineral assemblages, showing a P-T trajectory compatible with an initial metamorphic evolution involving magmatic heating of the lower crust before and during its burial. This anomalous thermal gradient generated water-absent granulitic metamorphism, a suggestion also indicated by the heterogeneous oxygen isotopic compositions. The underlying units occur as a large metasedimentary pile structurally organised as an upper Ky/Sill-bearing granulitic Três Pontas-Varginha Nappe (TPVN), in which an inverted metamorphic pattern was recognised, and a lower Ky-bearing schistose and gneissic Carmo da Cachoeira Nappe (CCN), separated by a tectonic discontinuity. In the TPVN, crockwise, IBC-type P-T paths typical in many collisional settings were defined for both Ky- and Sill-type granulites. The entire basal Ky granulites trajectory lies in the Ky stability field, whilst data from the upper Sill granulites suggest an evolution towards the Sill/Ky boundary. These distinct paths testify the differences between the metamorphic evolution of the two types of granulites, and demonstrate the decreasing temperature conditions towards the base of the unit. In the CCN the ITD-type P-T path exhibits a tendency for the depression of the paleogeotherm pattern toward lower temperatures related to underthrusting of cold lithosphere in subduction zones. The differences verified between the TPVN and CCN P-T paths may result from the normal thickening event that follows a subduction episode. The contrasts between the \'delta POT. 18\'O values from TPVN and CCN, as well as the internal differences among both samples and mineral phases, are consistent with a general preservation of isotopic composition prior to metamorphism, and argue for a highly heterogeneous source for these rocks. Lithochemical data on these metasediments corroborate this suggestion The low TPVN calc-silicate W/R ratios (0.6-0.9) indicate that mylonitisation occurred under prevalent rock-dominated conditions, and fluid-related processes played only a minor role. The relatively small differences observed in the \'delta POT. 180\'O values from the undeformed to the deformed calc-silicate specimen (\'DA ORDEM DE\' 1.6%o) suggest that the \'delta POT. 18\'O composition of the fluid associated with the mylonitisation processes was close to that in equilibrium with the metamorphic assemblage. Estimation of the oxygen isotopic composition of both TPVN undeformed and CCN unaltered equivalents points to \'delta POT. 18\'O values of up to 18%o. Comparison between these values and those achieved from the basement granitoid rocks (8.267 -8.490%o) argues against the latter as possible sources for the metapelites. To the north, the CCN lays over a quartzitic sequence superposed, in its eastern portion, on low-grade metasediments, and in the west on rocks from the basement, part of the São Francisco Craton. Oxygen isotope thermometry shows a temperature decrease towards the base of the whole system, which is consistent with the previously recognised inverted metamorphic pattern. The tectonic contact of the most basal unit and the basement is characterised by a steep temperature gradient suggesting low-temperature thrusting acting as a dominant tectonic process.