Relevant bibliographies by topics / Napoleonic Campaign

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Academic literature on the topic 'Napoleonic Campaign'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Napoleonic Campaign"

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Dmitrieva, Olga O. "«THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812» IN FRENCH HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XIX CENTURY." Historical Search 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-1-47-53.

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The Patriotic War of 1812 occupies a special place in the historical memory of Russia. Сoncurrently, in France, the events of this historical period also left an indelible imprint in the memory of the French society. Based on a historiographical review of the historical works written by French historians (Frédéric François Guillaume de Vaudoncourt, R.J. Durdan, E. Labaume, Gaspard Gourgaud, Philippe-Paul de Ségur, L. de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, G. Chambray, A. Jomini and J. Pelet-Clozeau) the author analyzes the development of French historiography devoted to the personality of Napoleon Bonaparte and the historical period of 1812 taken as a whole. It should be noted that Bonaparte’s invasion into the territory of the Russian Empire entered the Russian historiographical tradition as the «Patriotic War of 1812», while in France these events became known in history as the «Napoleon’s Russian Drive» or «Napoleon’s Russian Campaign». The author analyzes the influence of Bonaparte’s personality on the historical consciousness of the European and the Russian society of the XIX century, when the so-called «Napoleonic myth» was very popular, which idealized the personality of this person. Foreign historiography of the war of 1812 differs in that researchers considered the military campaign in Russia in the context of the Napoleonic era as a whole, as a result of which there were either separate studies on the war with Russia, or general works about the period of Bonaparte’s military campaigns.
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Cooper, Levi. "NAPOLEONIC FREEDOM OF WORSHIP IN LAW AND ART." Journal of Law and Religion 34, no. 1 (April 2019): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2019.15.

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ABSTRACTNapoleon's most famous innovation in his legendary military career was the use of the daunting Grande Armée with an emphasis on speed, maneuverability, and maintaining the offensive. Yet Napoleon understood that while skirmishes were won or lost on the battlefield, the real war lay in public perception. To that end, Napoleon used art and cultural treasures as part of his arsenal in order to create the perception of victory, regardless of the outcome of any particular campaign. Examining contemporary French artistic representations of Napoleon granting freedom of worship to religious groups, this article analyzes artwork as a tool for fashioning and communicating legal narrative. Popular visual arts are mined for meaning, painting a portrait of the legal and cultural setting of these creative works. The partisan artwork demonstrates how Napoleon's artists depicted freedom of worship as the freedom—granted to all faiths—to worship Napoleon. It is noted that Jews feature disproportionately in the Empire period's depictions of freedom of worship. This is surprising, as the Jewish community was numerically insignificant and hardly influential in Napoleon's realm. This article argues that in addition to broadcasting religious tolerance, Napoleonic artwork used Jews and symbols like Moses and tablets of law to fashion a narrative of law that foregrounded the legal legitimacy of Napoleon's rule: Napoleon's regime is legally just; the enlightened ruler affords rights and liberties to all his subjects; divine Napoleon is the new lawgiver.
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Idelson, E. M. "Diseases and medical care during the war era of 1812." Kazan medical journal 12, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj79970.

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Turning to the analysis of individual pathological forms that took on an epidemic character in the campaign of 1812, it should be noted that all military campaigns in general for almost the entire 18th century, and Napoleonic campaigns in particular, together with the thunder of weapons, carried everywhere a very cruel, destructive general disease.
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Mogilevskiy, N. A. "«Unclear Enemy»: Why the Guerrilla War in France in 1814 Failed." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-7-13.

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Abstract: Author of the article analyzes the reasons of the fail of Napoleon’s attempts to set the guerrilla war in France during the campaign of 1814. While the forces of anti-Napoleonic coalition were standing near the border of France, Napoleon did his best to recruit his new army. But the human resources of France were exhausted, and that’s why Napoleon decided to set the guerrillia. But all his proclamations and even his orders were disobeyed - French people were too tired of incessant war, and Napoleon again decided to gain his goals on the battlefield. Besides author shows great efforts of Russian headquarters to avoid the guerrilla war. Alexander I and his allies in theirs proclamations declared that they were fighting only with Napoleon, but not with the French nation. That tactic gave a brilliant result and helped to avoid the patriotic uplift in France in 1814. In this propagandistic war Napoleon was defeated and that cost him his throne. The reasons of Napoleon’s fail, firstly, was the unclear image of the enemy. French emperor didn’t manage to unite French nation against the rival. On the contrary the French Emperor, his enemies managed (in their proclamations and personal conversations) to persuade the French people, that the allies had one enemy - the Emperor Napoleon, not the French nation, and the ultimate goal of war - to set peace on the European continent. That was exactly how the allies did set the disunity between Napoleon and his people. Ultimately, the combination of these factors was the reason that a guerrilla war never broke out in France.
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Crumplin, Michael. "Medical aspects of the Waterloo campaign of 1815." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 2 (February 2016): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2016.70.

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Szybisty, Tomasz. "Die Kraft der Gletscher. Ein Beitrag zur politischen Ikonographie in der Literatur der Napoleonischen Kriege." Germanica Wratislaviensia 144 (November 20, 2019): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0435-5865.144.2.

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Der vorliegende Aufsatz widmet sich den politisch-nationalen Auslegungen der eisigen Landschaft in ausgewählten literarischen Werken der Napoleonischen Zeit. Eingangs wird die Aufwertung der polaren und alpinen Regionen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert umrissen, in deren Folge die bis dahin negativ konnotierten Gebiete als antizivilisatorische Sehnsuchts- oder Erkenntnisorte umgedeutet wurden. Einen Höhepunkt fand diese Entwicklung am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts. Der hohe Norden sowie die Alpen als Zitat des Nordischen wurden insbesondere zur Zeit der Befreiungskriege in der politischen Lyrik als Symbole der Freiheit und Hoffnung eingesetzt, da diese Himmelsrichtung assoziativ u.a. mit der vermuteten Herkunft der Germanen aus Skandinavien und der Niederlage Napoleons im winterlichen Russland verbunden wurde.The power of glaciers: Shedding additional light on the political iconography found in the lyrical production of the Napoleonic eraThis article undertakes to investigate national-political connotations attendant to glacier-featuring landscapes in some literary works of the Napoleonic era. The point of departure for this analysis is marked by the outline of the 18th century re-evaluative process which concerned the cultural conventional wisdom vis-à-vis the symbolic significance of polar and high-elevation regions. In that time, they came to be regarded as off-the-beaten-track refuges and loci affording illumination. This new trend found its culmination at the beginning of the 19th century. The Far North as well as the Alps may have functioned in that period as a symbol connoting freedom and hope for a victory over the French; this sentiment achieved particular prominence in the lyrical production of the Napoleonic period. The German national psyche invested such regions i.a. with two qualities: firstly, they were reminiscent of the cradle of the Germanic people, and secondly, they invoked the debacle of Napoleon’s winter military campaign in Russia.
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Kuhle, Arthur. "Putting Theory into Practice: Ludwig von Wolzogen and the Russian Campaign in 1812." War in History 27, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 156–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344518758360.

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It was not the battle of Borodino but the Russian retreat that devastated Napoleon’s army in 1812. The time of the Napoleonic Wars was not solely the time of decisive battles but also of new theories that considered battle a mere ‘ultimatum’ of war dynamics. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the events of 1812 were planned by the Russian officer Ludwig von Wolzogen on the grounds of a theory developed by Dietrich von Bülow. Owing to its seemingly absurd concept of avoiding battles altogether, it was applied secretly and later fell into oblivion. This article reconsiders the history of an idea of war dynamics that brought peace to Europe for this time.
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De Laey, J. J. "Military ophthalmia and the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt." Acta Ophthalmologica 93 (September 23, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0102.

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Bushnell, David. "The Emperor’s Last Campaign: A Napoleonic Empire in America." Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2010-025.

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Denis, Béatrice. "Représenter Austerlitz : le système icono-textuel napoléonien." RACAR : Revue d'art canadienne 47, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1091819ar.

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This article examines how the battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805) became a symbol of Napoleonic power. It argues that this happened through deliberate propaganda efforts, with a carefully crafted written version of the events leading to the battle, found in the 30th bulletin de la Grande Armée, as well as three paintings commissioned by Napoleon in March 1806, not long after the close of the successful 1805 campaign. The fame of the battle was forged by Napoleon himself by way of a text/image system that constructs its own authority and veracity. The images commissioned and created repeat what was read in the bulletin in different genres. The bulletin and the three paintings, by Louis-François Lejeune, Louis-Albert-Guislain Bacler d’Albe, and François Gérard successfully work together to sanction a unique version of events intended for posterity, one in which the eve of the battle occupies a prominent place.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Napoleonic Campaign"

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Smith, Eric C. "A Pre-professional Institution: Napoleon’s Marshalate and the Defeat of 1813." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699890/.

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Napoleon’s defeat in 1813 generates a number of explanations from historians regarding why he lost this epic campaign which ultimately resulted in France losing control over the German states. Scholars discussing the French marshalate of the Napoleonic era frequently assert that these generals could not win battles without the emperor present. Accustomed to assuming a subordinate role under Bonaparte’s direct supervision, these commanders faltered when deprived of the strong hand of the master. This thesis contributes to this historiographical argument by positing that the pre-professional nature of Napoleon’s marshalate precluded them from adapting to the evolving nature of warfare during the First French Empire. Emerging from non-military backgrounds and deriving their capabilities solely from practical experience, the marshals failed to succeed at endeavors outside of their capacity. An examination of the military administration of the Old Regime, the effects of the French Revolution on the French generalate, and the circumstances under which Bonaparte labored when creating the imperial marshalate demonstrates that issues systemic to the French high command contributed to French defeat in 1813. This thesis also provides evidence that Napoleon understood this problem and attempted to better prepare his marshals for independent command by instructing them in his way of war during the 1813 campaign.
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ABBIATI, MICHELE. "L'ESERCITO ITALIANO E LA CONQUISTA DELLA CATALOGNA (1808-1811).UNO STUDIO DI MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS NELL'EUROPA NAPOLEONICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/491761.

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L’esercito italiano e la conquista della Catalogna (1808-1811) Uno studio di Military Effectiveness nell’Europa napoleonica Settori scientifico-disciplinari SPS/03 – M-STO/02 La ricerca ha lo scopo di ricostruire e valutare l’effettività militare dell’esercito italiano al servizio di Napoleone I. In primo luogo attraverso un’analisi statistica e strategica della costruzione, e del successivo impiego, dell’istituzione militare del Regno d’Italia durante gli anni della sua esistenza (1805-14); successivamente, è stato scelto un caso di studi particolarmente significativo, come la campagna di Catalogna (1808-11, nel contesto della guerra di Indipendenza spagnola), per poter valutare il contributo operazionale e tattico dei corpi inviati dal governo di Milano e la loro integrazione con l’apparato militare complessivo del Primo Impero. La tesi ha voluto rispondere alla mancanza di studi sul comportamento in guerra dell’esercito italiano e, allo stesso tempo, introdurre nella storiografia militare italiana la metodologia di studi, d’origine anglosassone e ormai di tradizione trentennale, di Military Effectiveness. La ricerca si è primariamente basata, oltre che sulla copiosa memorialistica a stampa italiana e francese, sulla documentazione d’archivio della Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales di Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Parigi), del Ministère de la Guerre francese (Service historique de la Défence, di Vincennes, Parigi) e del Ministero della Guerra del Regno d’Italia (Archivio di Stato di Milano). Dal punto di vista dei risultati è stato possibile verificare come l’esercito italiano abbia rappresentato, per Bonaparte, uno strumento duttile e di facile impiego, pur in un contesto di sostanziale marginalità numerica complessiva di fronte alle altre (e cospicue) forze messe in campo da parte dell’Impero e dei suoi altri Stati satellite e alleati. Per quanto riguarda la campagna di conquista della Catalogna è stato invece possibile appurare il fondamentale contributo dato dal contingente italiano, sotto i punti di vista operazionale e tattico, per la buona riuscita dell’invasione; questo primariamente grazie alle elevate caratteristiche generali mostrate dallo stesso, ma anche per peculiarità disciplinari e organizzative che resero i corpi italiani adatti a operazioni particolarmente aggressive.
The Italian Army and the Conquest of Catalonia (1808-1811) A Study of Military Effectiveness in Napoleonic Europe Academic Fields and Disciplines SPS/03 – M-STO/02 The research has the purpose of reconstruct and evaluate the military effectiveness of the Italian Army existed under the reign of Napoleon I. Firstly through a statistic and strategic analysis of the development, and the following deployment, of the military institution of the Kingdom of Italy in the years of its existence (1805-14). Afterwards, a particularly significant case study was chosen, as the campaign of Catalonia (1808-11, in the context of the Peninsular War), in order to assess the operational and tactical contribution of the regiments sent by the Government of Milan and their integration in the overall military apparatus of the First Empire. The thesis wanted to respond to the lack of studies on the Italian army’s behavior in war and, at the same time, to introduce the methodology of the Military Effectiveness Studies (of British and American origin and, by now, enriched by a thirty-year old tradition) in the Italian historiography. The research is primarily based, besides the numerous memoirs of the Italian and French veterans, on the archive documentation of the Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Paris), of the French Ministère de la Guerre (Service historique de la Défence, of Vincennes, Paris) and of the Italian Ministero della Guerra (Archivio di Stato di Milano). About the results, it has been verified how the Italian army has become a flexible and suitable instrument for Bonaparte, albeit in a context of substantial overall numerical marginality in comparison to the heterogeneous forces available to the Empire and its others satellites and allied states. Regarding the campaign of Catalonia, instead, it was possible to ascertain the fundamental contribution of the Italian regiments, in an operational and tactical perspective, for the success of the invasion. This was primarily due to the excellent general characteristics shown by the expeditionary force, but also to disciplinary and organizational peculiarities that have made the Italian corps suitable for particularly aggressive operations.
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Nicolas, Aude. "L’art et la bataille : représenter les campagnes d’Italie : (1800 ; 1859)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100188.

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Cette étude a pour but d’analyser les représentations peintes – mais aussi, à chaque fois que cela était pertinent pour le propos, les dessins, les photographies et les sculptures – des campagnes d’Italie de 1800 et de 1859. L’approche comparative de ces deux événements met en parallèle les héritages et les innovations artistiques d’« un Napoléon à l’autre », en posant à chaque fois la question de la volonté de précision et des connaissances des artistes chargés d’immortaliser les grandes phases de ces conflits, de manière à apporter un regard principalement centré sur les aspects militaires de ces représentations, en recourant notamment à l’étude iconographique. S’il s’agit avant tout d’un travail d’histoire de l’art, s’appuyant sur l’analyse stylistique et sur la réception critique des œuvres, l’approche méthodologique proposée croise d’autres disciplines afin de détailler la conception et l’organisation des œuvres : topographie, stratégie, tactique et, plus largement, d’autres domaines plus spécifiquement liés au patrimoine militaire (uniformologie, emblématique, armement…). Les œuvres sont également confrontées aux objets conservés et à l’histoire militaire qu’elles représentent, afin de comprendre comment les artistes ont conçu leurs productions et sont parvenus à rendre les faits. L’organisation du propos est divisée en trois parties, étudiant successivement la représentation topographique (les artistes se sont-ils rendus sur les lieux, ont-ils cherché à être précis en rendant les paysages et les particularités géographiques ?), le rendu de la bataille (comment la traite-t-on au début et au milieu du siècle, trouve-t-on un véritable souci de faire figurer les bonnes unités aux bons endroits et de tenter de comprendre et / ou de recomposer les manœuvres tactiques ?) et la perception héroïque (comment met-on en valeur le héros d’une époque à l’autre et comment différencier une œuvre au rendu réaliste d’une autre vouée à la glorification ou à l’édification ?)
This work deals with a comparative analysis of military paintings representing the French Italian Campaigns (1800 and 1859), including drawings, photographs and sculptures when it is relevant. The parallel is established between artistic heritages and innovations from “a Napoleon to the other”, asking the artists’ willing of precision and military knowledge when they represented these events, so these works of art are studied in a different way focused on a military approach using iconography. Although the main work is in history of art, based on the analysis of formal handling and critical reception, the methodology resorts other sciences in order to examine the artworks composition and organisation in details: in that way, artworks are confronted to topography, strategy, tactic and also military heritage testimonies (uniforms, emblems, weapons…) and history they aimed to show. The work is divided in three parts, successively studying topographical representation (did the artists travelled to see the places and did they represented precise and recognizable geographical details?), the way of painting battles (how fights were figured at the beginning and in the middle of the 19th century, can regiments and tactical manoeuvres be identified correctly?) and heroic perception (how heroes were showed in 1800 and in 1859 and how artworks can be ranked, between glorification and realistic representations?)
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Varlan, Olivier. "Armand-Louis de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicenze (1773-1827). Étude d’une carrière diplomatique sous le Premier Empire, de la cour de Napoléon au ministère des Relations extérieures." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040252.

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Officier de cavalerie originaire de la noblesse picarde, Armand de Caulaincourt (1773-1827) gravit rapidement tous les échelons de la cour consulaire puis impériale, devenant en 1804 grand-écuyer de l’Empire. Mais, malgré l’importance de ses fonctions curiales, Napoléon le destine à une carrière de diplomate. Après différentes missions, il le nomme ambassadeur de France en Russie, à la fin de l’année 1807. Fervent partisan de l’alliance de Tilsit, Caulaincourt participe à toutes les grandes négociations franco-russes mais doit assister à la lente dégradation des relations entre les deux empires. À son retour à Paris en 1811, son bilan politique est maigre. Sa défense opiniâtre du tsar Alexandre, mais surtout son opposition à la campagne militaire qui se prépare, irritent Napoléon. Elles lui permettent toutefois d’acquérir une nouvelle stature après le désastre de Russie : pour ses contemporains Caulaincourt devient l’« homme de la paix ». Une image que Napoléon réutilise lorsqu’il le charge de le représenter aux congrès de Prague (1813) et de Châtillon (1814). Le duc de Vicence, devenu ministre des Relations extérieures, ne parvient pas à faire accepter la paix ; il lui faut finalement négocier l’abdication de Napoléon et renoncer, après les Cent-Jours, à toute carrière politique. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur les archives personnelles de Caulaincourt et ses célèbres Mémoires, entend redonner toute son importance à cette figure majeure du Premier Empire, en insistant sur son action et sa pensée dans le domaine de la diplomatie. L’exemple de ce parcours devant permettre de contribuer à reconsidérer et réévaluer le rôle du personnel diplomatique napoléonien
A cavalry officer born into Picardy's landed gentry, Armand de Caulaincourt rose rapidly through the ranks of the consular, and later the imperial court, to become in 1804 Grand Squire of the Empire. However, notwithstanding the importance of his curial functions, Napoleon destined him to a diplomatic career. After several missions, he was appointed as Ambassador of France to Russia (1807). Caulaincourt took part in all the major negotiations between France and Russia, but was forced to witness a slow breakdown in relations between the two Empires. At the time of his return to Paris in 1811, his political accomplishments were unimpressive. His stalwart defense of Tsar Alexander, and especially his opposition to the upcoming military campaign, were an irritation to Napoleon. Nevertheless, these stances allowed him to gain new stature after the disaster in Russia : in the eyes of his contemporaries, he became the “Peacemaker”, an image Napoleon used to his advantage by appointing him his representative at the congresses in Prague (1813) and in Châtillon (1814). The Duke of Vicenza, now Minister for Foreign Affairs, could not, however, broker an agreement in favour of peace : he was forced to negotiate Napoleon's abdication and to give up any hope of political career after the Hundred Days. This study, based on Caulaincourt's personal records and famous Memoirs, aims at restoring a major figure of the First French Empire to his due importance, while focusing on his action and thought in the field of diplomacy. The exemplary value of his career should also allow historians to reconsider and reevaluate the role of Napoleon's diplomatic personnel
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Cyr, Pascal. "Waterloo : la bataille de tous les enjeux." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6662.

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Ochman, Marcin. "Polski korpus inżynierów wojskowych w latach 1807-1831." Doctoral thesis, 2017.

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W połowie XVIII w. rozpoczął się proces modernizacji wojsk Rzeczpospolitej. Sformowane zostały pierwsze oddziały inżynieryjne i Korpus Inżynierów, a w 1765 r. powstała Szkoła Rycerska – uczelnia wojskowa kształcąca inżynierów wojskowych. Wojska inżynieryjne odrodziły się w okresie napoleońskim, w powstałej wówczas armii Księstwa Warszawskiego. Wojska te były zorganizowane na wzór francuski i cały czas rozbudowywane. Największą liczebność osiągnęły przed kampanią rosyjską w 1812 r. W tym okresie Korpus Inżynierów realizował wiele prac na zlecenie Napoleona, m. in. budował twierdzę w Modlinie i prowadził szczegółowe prace kartograficzne. W 1809 r. powołano Szkołę Aplikacyjnę Artylerii i Inżynierów wzorowaną na paryskiej École polytechnique. Jej uczniami było wielu wybitnych inżynierów jak gen. I. Prądzyński i F. Pancer.W okresie 1815-1830 r. Królestwo Polskie było zależne od Rosji, co spowodowało, że jego armia była wzorowana była na rosyjskiej. Powołanie w tym czasie do życia Kwatermistrzostwa Generalnego sprawiło, że przejęło ono wiele obowiązków i najzdolniejszych oficerów Korpusu Inżynierów.Podczas Powstania (1830-31) wojska inżynieryjne odegrały znaczną rolę, budując wiele mostów polowych i fortyfikacji. Najtrudniejszym zadaniem było w tym czasie ufortyfikowanie Warszawy, niestety nie udało się tego skutecznie wykonać. Po upadku Powstania i likwidacji armii w tym również wojsk inżynieryjnych, wielu żołnierzy i oficerów udało się na emigrację ale większość pozostała w Kraju stanowiąc zaczątek polskiej inteligencji technicznej.
In mid-1700s, the armed forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth entered a process of modernisation. The first engineering units and the Corps of Engineers were organised and the year 1765 marked the establishment of the School of Chivalry - a military university training military engineers. The engineering corps was recreated with the formation of the army of the Duchy of Warsaw during the Napoleonic era. The Corps was organised based on the French model and continually developed, reaching its highest numbers in 1812. During that time, the Corps of Engineers carried out a number of projects commissioned by Napoleon, such as detailed mapping or the construction of the Modlin fortress. The Artillery and Engineering School, established in 1809 and designed after the French École polytechnique in Paris, trained many prominent engineers, such as General Ignacy Prądzyński and Feliks Pancer.During the era of the Russian-dominated Congress Kingdom of Poland (1815-1830), the Polish armed forces followed the organisation of the Russian Army. The General Logistics Department set up during that time, took over many of the responsibilities and most talented officers from the Corps of Engineers.The engineering corps played a key role in the November Uprising of 1830, constructing a number of field bridges and fortifications. Unfortunately, the most difficult task at the time, the fortification of Warsaw, was never completed. After the fall of the Uprising and the disbandment of the army, including the engineering corps, many soldiers and officers went into exile; still most remained in the Country and those who did became the nucleus of the Polish technology intelligentsia.
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Books on the topic "Napoleonic Campaign"

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Defeat: Napoleon's Russian campaign. New York: New York Review Books, 2008.

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Petre, F. Loraine. Napoleon's campaign in Poland, 1806-1807. London: Greenhill Books, 2001.

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Mike, Chappell, ed. Uniforms of Napoleon's Russian campaign. London: Arms and Armour, 1995.

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Linck, Tony. Napoleon's generals: The Waterloo campaign. Chicago, Ill: Emperor's Press, 1993.

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Linck, Tony. Napoleon's generals: The Waterloo campaign. [Chicago, Ill.]: Emperor's Press, 1994.

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The emperor's last campaign: A Napoleonic empire in America. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2009.

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Ocampo, Emilio. The emperor's last campaign: A Napoleonic empire in America. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2009.

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Montesquiou, Fezensac Raymond-Aymery-Philippe-Joseph de. A journal of the Russian campaign of 1812. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Ken Trotman, 1988.

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1812: Napoleon's Russian campaign. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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Riehn, Richard K. 1812: Napoleon's Russian Campaign. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Napoleonic Campaign"

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Kennedy, Catriona. "Combat and Campaign." In Narratives of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 69–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316530_4.

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Jorgensen, Christer. "The Great Offensive: The Campaign of the Third Coalition, October 1805–February 1806." In The Anglo-Swedish Alliance Against Napoleonic France, 41–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287747_3.

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Jorgensen, Christer. "Peninsular Priorities: The Anti-Climax of the Common Cause, the Futile Expedition, the Peninsular Campaign and the Finnish Front, February–September 1808." In The Anglo-Swedish Alliance Against Napoleonic France, 126–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287747_7.

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Humbert, Jean-Marcel. "The Birth of Modern Egypt from Bonaparte’s Campaign to Muhammad ‘Alî’s Seizure of Power: A Historiographical Essay." In Napoleon’s Empire, 291–304. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137455475_21.

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Gichon, Mordechai. "The Peculiarities of Napoleon's Oriental Campaign: An Introduction." In Napoleon and the French in Egypt and the Holy Land, edited by Aryeh Shmuelevitz, 13–24. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225643-004.

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Jorgensen, Christer. "The Watershed: Napoleon’s Campaigns against Prussia and Russia, October 1806–March 1807." In The Anglo-Swedish Alliance Against Napoleonic France, 75–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287747_5.

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Junkelmann, Marcus. "Bonaparte's Egyptian Campaign in Contemporary French Art." In Napoleon and the French in Egypt and the Holy Land, edited by Aryeh Shmuelevitz, 143–54. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225643-018.

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Marnei, Liudmila P. "The Finances of the Russian Empire in the Period of the Patriotic War of 1812 and of the Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army." In Russia and the Napoleonic Wars, 136–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137528001_11.

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Bernède, Allain. "L'Emploi tactique de la "mine" lors du siège de Saint-Jean d'Acre : un exemple de combat en mode dégradé (Campagne de Syrie, 1799)." In Napoleon and the French in Egypt and the Holy Land, edited by Aryeh Shmuelevitz, 61–74. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225643-009.

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"The fighting The Austrian campaign and the march on Moscow." In The Napoleonic Wars, 19–77. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315063775-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Napoleonic Campaign"

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Seymour, Kate, María Vicente, Betlem Alapont, and Christa Molenaar. "INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FOR THE RE-INTEGRATION OF FIFTEENTH-CENTURY SPANISH PANEL PAINTINGS." In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13516.

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Abstract:
The Suermondt-Ludwig Museum (Aachen) holds five Spanish fifteenth-century panel paintings in their collection. The five panels are all fragments, likely removed from their original settings at the turn of the nineteenth century during the upheaval of the Napoleonic Wars and sold on the art market after extensive restoration. Three of these five panels have been already treated at SRAL. The additional two will undergo a full conservation campaign in the coming year carried out in collaboration with conservation students from the University of Amsterdam and conservation training programmes in Spain. A treatment protocol was devised to ensure a systematic and sympathetic treatment, including reintegration. This provided key skill development for the trainee conservators. The removal of non-original surface materials revealed overcleaned and severely damaged surfaces. The integration of these surfaces required an innovative approach to return a sense of authenticity to the artworks, individually and as a disparate group. The subtle shift in gloss and texture between areas of paint and gilding, between different pigments bound in animal glue, egg tempera, and oleo-resinous glazes had been lost. The selection of conservation materials for infilling and retouching aimed to return this ephemeral play on light to the surfaces. This paper will discuss this innovative approach using the reintegration of one of the set of five panel paintings: the “Adoration of the Kings” (Inventory number: GK 243) as a case study. The materials were carefully chosen so as not to be mistaken for original materials in the future. The approach entailed thinking out of the box and approaching the filling and retouching stages simultaneously rather than as independent actions. This allowed a more holistic strategy to reintegration than if all losses were filled first prior to retouching. The filling materials utilised are based on a studio formulation consisting of a novel combination: Arbocel 500 (cellulose fibres) bound in a mixture of Aquazol 500 (poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)) and Methocel A4M (methylcellulose) bound in water. This mixture was used to fill deeper losses and modified with aluminium hydroxide powder to create a surface fill. The protocol used began with testing of the materials to find the right formulation; adaptations for the typology of fill were incorporated into this design. The filler formulation is modified to best adapt to the specific losses in each area of each panel. The decision not to re-varnish the panels allowed filling and retouching to be carried out simultaneously and the different gloss surfaces of individual paint areas to be imitated by modifying the amount of retouching binding media (Aquazol 200 dissolved in ethanol/water). The resulting appearance allows different colour and surface finishes to retain their independent characteristics and returns a more authentic surface finish to the fifteenth-century artworks.
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Reports on the topic "Napoleonic Campaign"

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Allen, Brian M. The Effects of Infectious Disease on Napoleon's Russian Campaign. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398046.

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Turner, Kenneth A. Complexity in Coalition Operations: The Campaign of the Sixth Coalition Against Napoleon. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414581.

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