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1
Luo, Yaying, Haiming Luo, Sijia Zou, Jing Jiang, Demin Duan, Lei Chen, and Lizeng Gao. "An In Situ Study on Nanozyme Performance to Optimize Nanozyme-Strip for Aβ Detection." Sensors 23, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 3414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073414.
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The nanozyme-strip is a novel POCT technology which is different from the conventional colloidal gold strip. It primarily utilizes the catalytic activity of nanozyme to achieve a high-sensitivity detection of target by amplifying the detection signal. However, previous research has chiefly focused on optimizing nanozyme-strip from the perspective of increasing nanozyme activity, little is known about other physicochemical factors. In this work, three sizes of Fe3O4 nanozyme and three sizes of CoFe2O4 nanozyme were used to investigate the key factors of nanozyme-strip for optimizing and improving its detection performance. We found that three sizes of Fe3O4 nanozyme all gather at the bottom of the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, and three sizes of CoFe2O4 nanozyme migrate smoothly on the NC membrane, respectively. After color development, the surface of NC membranes distributed with CoFe2O4 peroxidase nanozymes had significant color change. Experimental results show that CoFe2O4 nanozymes had better dispersity than Fe3O4 nanozymes in an aqueous solution. We observed that CoFe2O4 nanozymes with smaller particle size migrated to the middle of the NC membrane with a higher number of particles. According to the results above, 55 ± 6 nm CoFe2O4 nanozyme was selected to prepare the nanozyme probe and achieved a highly sensitive detection of Aβ42Os on the nanozyme-strip. These results suggest that nanozyme should be comprehensively evaluated in its dispersity, the migration on NC membrane, and the peroxidase-like activity to determine whether it can be applied to nanozyme-strip.
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Zhu, Weisheng, Luyao Wang, Qisi Li, Lizhi Jiao, Xiaokan Yu, Xiangfan Gao, Hao Qiu, Zhijun Zhang, and Wei Bing. "Will the Bacteria Survive in the CeO2 Nanozyme-H2O2 System?" Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123747.
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As one of the nanostructures with enzyme-like activity, nanozymes have recently attracted extensive attention for their biomedical applications, especially for bacterial disinfection treatment. Nanozymes with high peroxidase activity are considered to be excellent candidates for building bacterial disinfection systems (nanozyme-H2O2), in which the nanozyme will promote the generation of ROS to kill bacteria based on the decomposition of H2O2. According to this criterion, a cerium oxide nanoparticle (Nanoceria, CeO2, a classical nanozyme with high peroxidase activity)-based nanozyme-H2O2 system would be very efficient for bacterial disinfection. However, CeO2 is a nanozyme with multiple enzyme-like activities. In addition to high peroxidase activity, CeO2 nanozymes also possess high superoxide dismutase activity and antioxidant activity, which can act as a ROS scavenger. Considering the fact that CeO2 nanozymes have both the activity to promote ROS production and the opposite activity for ROS scavenging, it is worth exploring which activity will play the dominating role in the CeO2-H2O2 system, as well as whether it will protect bacteria or produce an antibacterial effect. In this work, we focused on this discussion to unveil the role of CeO2 in the CeO2-H2O2 system, so that it can provide valuable knowledge for the design of a nanozyme-H2O2-based antibacterial system.
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Wang, Lijun, Hong Zhou, Haixia Hu, Qin Wang, and Xianggui Chen. "Regulation Mechanism of ssDNA Aptamer in Nanozymes and Application of Nanozyme-Based Aptasensors in Food Safety." Foods 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040544.
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Food safety issues are a worldwide concern. Pathogens, toxins, pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, and illegal additives are frequently reported to contaminate food and pose a serious threat to human health. Conventional detection methods have difficulties fulfilling the requirements for food development in a modern society. Therefore, novel rapid detection methods are urgently needed for on-site and rapid screening of massive food samples. Due to the extraordinary properties of nanozymes and aptamers, biosensors composed of both of them provide considerable advantages in analytical performances, including sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and accuracy. They are considered a promising complementary detection method on top of conventional ones for the rapid and accurate detection of food contaminants. In recent years, we have witnessed a flourishing of analytical strategies based on aptamers and nanozymes for the detection of food contaminants, especially novel detection models based on the regulation by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of nanozyme activity. However, the applications of nanozyme-based aptasensors in food safety are seldom reviewed. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on nanozyme-based aptasensors in food safety, which are arranged according to the different interaction modes of ssDNA and nanozymes: aptasensors based on nanozyme activity either inhibited or enhanced by ssDNA, nanozymes as signal tags, and other methods. Before introducing the nanozyme-based aptasensors, the regulation by ssDNA of nanozyme activity via diverse factors is discussed systematically for precisely tailoring nanozyme activity in biosensors. Furthermore, current challenges are emphasized, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Li, Dan, Ling Xia, and Gongke Li. "Recent Progress on the Applications of Nanozyme in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering." Chemosensors 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110462.
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Nanozymes are nanomaterial with natural enzyme-like activity and can catalyze specific reactions for analyte identification and detection. Compared to natural enzymes, they have several benefits, including being steady, low-cost, easy to prepare and store. Based on the promising development of nanozymes in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), this paper reviews the classification of different types of nanozymes in SERS, including metal-based nanozyme, carbon-based nanozyme, metal-organic framework (MOF)/covalent organic framework (COF)-based nanozyme, and semiconductor-based nanozyme, followed by a detailed overview of their SERS applications in disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental safety. Finally, this paper discusses the practical shortcomings of nanozymes in SERS applications and makes some suggestions for further research.
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Wang, Xin, Yuancong Xu, Nan Cheng, Xinxian Wang, Kunlun Huang, and Yunbo Luo. "Recent Advances in Nucleic Acid Modulation for Functional Nanozyme." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050638.
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Nanozymes have the potential to replace natural enzymes, so they are widely used in energy conversion technologies such as biosensors and signal transduction (converting biological signals of a target into optical, electrical, or metabolic signals). The participation of nucleic acids leads nanozymes to produce richer interface effects and gives energy conversion events more attractive characteristics, creating what are called “functional nanozymes”. Since different nanozymes have different internal structures and external morphological characteristics, functional modulation needs to be compatible with these properties, and attention needs to be paid to the influence of nucleic acids on nanozyme activity. In this review, “functional nanozymes” are divided into three categories, (nanozyme precursor ion)/ (nucleic acid) self-assembly, nanozyme-nucleic acid irreversible binding, and nanozyme-nucleic acid reversible binding, and the effects of nucleic acids on modulation principles are summarized. Then, the latest developments of nucleic acid-modulated nanozymes are reviewed in terms of their use in energy conversion technology, and their conversion mechanisms are critically discussed. Finally, we outline the advantages and limitations of “functional nanozymes” and discuss the future development prospects and challenges in this field.
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Song, Jingfang, Jian He, Lin Yang, Weiguo Wang, Qinqin Bai, Wei Feng, and Ranhui Li. "Enhanced Peroxidase-Like and Antibacterial Activity of Ir-CoatedPd-Pt Nanodendrites as Nanozyme." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2023 (February 15, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1689455.
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To inhibit the growth of bacteria, the DA-PPI nanozyme with enhanced peroxidase-like activity was synthesized. The DA-PPI nanozyme was obtained by depositing high-affinity element iridium (Ir) on the surface of Pd-Pt dendritic structures. The morphology and composition of DA-PPI nanozyme were characterized using SEM, TEM, and XPS. The kinetic results showed that the DA-PPI nanozyme possessed a higher peroxidase-like activity than that of Pd-Pt dendritic structures. The PL, ESR, and DFT were employed to explain the high peroxidase activity. As a proof of concept, the DA-PPI nanozyme could effectively inhibit E. coli (G−) and S. aureus (G+) due to its high peroxidase-like activity. The study provides a new idea for the design of high active nanozymes and their application in the field of antibacterial.
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Stasyuk, Nataliya, Oleh Smutok, Olha Demkiv, Tetiana Prokopiv, Galina Gayda, Marina Nisnevitch, and Mykhailo Gonchar. "Synthesis, Catalytic Properties and Application in Biosensorics of Nanozymes and Electronanocatalysts: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164509.
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The current review is devoted to nanozymes, i.e., nanostructured artificial enzymes which mimic the catalytic properties of natural enzymes. Use of the term “nanozyme” in the literature as indicating an enzyme is not always justified. For example, it is used inappropriately for nanomaterials bound with electrodes that possess catalytic activity only when applying an electric potential. If the enzyme-like activity of such a material is not proven in solution (without applying the potential), such a catalyst should be named an “electronanocatalyst”, not a nanozyme. This paper presents a review of the classification of the nanozymes, their advantages vs. natural enzymes, and potential practical applications. Special attention is paid to nanozyme synthesis methods (hydrothermal and solvothermal, chemical reduction, sol-gel method, co-precipitation, polymerization/polycondensation, electrochemical deposition). The catalytic performance of nanozymes is characterized, a critical point of view on catalytic parameters of nanozymes described in scientific papers is presented and typical mistakes are analyzed. The central part of the review relates to characterization of nanozymes which mimic natural enzymes with analytical importance (“nanoperoxidase”, “nanooxidases”, “nanolaccase”) and their use in the construction of electro-chemical (bio)sensors (“nanosensors”).
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Ge, Haoran, and Hailong Zhang. "Fungus-Based MnO/Porous Carbon Nanohybrid as Efficient Laccase Mimic for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis and Hydroquinone Detection." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091596.
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Developing efficient laccase-mimicking nanozymes via a facile and sustainable strategy is intriguing in environmental sensing and fuel cells. In our work, a MnO/porous carbon (MnO/PC) nanohybrid based on fungus was synthesized via a facile carbonization route. The nanohybrid was found to possess excellent laccase-mimicking activity using 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as the substrate. Compared with the natural laccase and reported nanozymes, the MnO/PC nanozyme had much lower Km value. Furthermore, the electrochemical results show that the MnO/PC nanozyme had high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) when it was modified on the electrode. The hybrid nanozyme could catalyze the four-electron ORR, similar to natural laccase. Moreover, hydroquinone (HQ) induced the reduction of oxABTS and caused the green color to fade, which provided colorimetric detection of HQ. A desirable linear relationship (0–50 μM) and detection limit (0.5 μM) were obtained. Our work opens a simple and sustainable avenue to develop a carbon–metal hybrid nanozyme in environment and energy applications.
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Li, Zhaoshen, Xiaochun Deng, Xiaoping Hong, and Shengfa Zhao. "Nanozyme Based on Dispersion of Hemin by Graphene Quantum Dots for Colorimetric Detection of Glutathione." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 6779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206779.
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Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of good catalytic performance, high stability, low cost, and can be used under extreme conditions. Preparation of highly active nanozymes through simple methods and their application in bioanalysis is highly desirable. In this work, a nanozyme based on dispersion of hemin by graphene quantum dot (GQD) is demonstrated, which enables colorimetric detection of glutathione (GSH). GQD was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Hemin, the catalytic center of heme protein but with low solubility and easy aggregation that limits its catalytic activity, can be dispersed with GQD by simple sonication. The as-prepared Hemin/GQD nanocomplex had excellent peroxidase-like activity and can be applied as a nanozyme. In comparison with natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Hemin/GQD nanozyme exhibited a clearly reduced Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) when tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as the substrate. With H2O2 being the substrate, Hemin/GQD nanozyme exhibited a higher maximum reaction rate (Vmax) than HRP. The mechanisms underlying the nanozyme activity were investigated through a free radical trapping experiment. A colorimetric platform capable of sensitive detection of GSH was developed as the proof-of-concept demonstration. The linear detection range was from 1 μM to 50 μM with a low limit of detection of 200 nM (S/N = 3). Determination of GSH in serum samples was also achieved.
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Lei, Yu, Bin He, Shujun Huang, Xinyan Chen, and Jian Sun. "Facile Fabrication of 1-Methylimidazole/Cu Nanozyme with Enhanced Laccase Activity for Fast Degradation and Sensitive Detection of Phenol Compounds." Molecules 27, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154712.
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Facile construction of functional nanomaterials with laccase-like activity is important in sustainable chemistry since laccase is featured as an efficient and promising catalyst especially for phenolic degradation but still has the challenges of high cost, low activity, poor stability and unsatisfied recyclability. In this paper, we report a simple method to synthesize nanozymes with enhanced laccase-like activity by the self-assembly of copper ions with various imidazole derivatives. In the case of 1-methylimidazole as the ligand, the as-synthesized nanozyme (denoted as Cu-MIM) has the highest yield and best activity among the nanozymes prepared. Compared to laccase, the Km of Cu-MIM nanozyme to phenol is much lower, and the vmax is 6.8 times higher. In addition, Cu-MIM maintains excellent stability in a variety of harsh environments, such as high pH, high temperature, high salt concentration, organic solvents and long-term storage. Based on the Cu-MIM nanozyme, we established a method for quantitatively detecting phenol concentration through a smartphone, which is believed to have important applications in environmental protection, pollutant detection and other fields.
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Liyanage, Piyumi Dinusha, Pabudi Weerathunge, Mandeep Singh, Vipul Bansal, and Rajesh Ramanathan. "L-Cysteine as an Irreversible Inhibitor of the Peroxidase-Mimic Catalytic Activity of 2-Dimensional Ni-Based Nanozymes." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051285.
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The ability to modulate the catalytic activity of inorganic nanozymes is of high interest. In particular, understanding the interactions of inhibitor molecules with nanozymes can bring them one step closer to the natural enzymes and has thus started to attract intense interest. To date, a few reversible inhibitors of the nanozyme activity have been reported. However, there are no reports of irreversible inhibitor molecules that can permanently inhibit the activity of nanozymes. In the current work, we show the ability of L-cysteine to act as an irreversible inhibitor to permanently block the nanozyme activity of 2-dimensional (2D) NiO nanosheets. Determination of the steady state kinetic parameters allowed us to obtain mechanistic insights into the catalytic inhibition process. Further, based on the irreversible catalytic inhibition capability of L-cysteine, we demonstrate a highly specific sensor for the detection of this biologically important molecule.
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Wang, Zhiyi, Ziyuan Li, Zhaoli Sun, Shuren Wang, Zeeshan Ali, Sihao Zhu, Sha Liu, et al. "Visualization nanozyme based on tumor microenvironment “unlocking” for intensive combination therapy of breast cancer." Science Advances 6, no. 48 (November 2020): eabc8733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8733.
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Nanozymes as artificial enzymes that mimicked natural enzyme–like activities have received great attention in cancer therapy. However, it remains a great challenge to design nanozymes that precisely exert its activity in tumor without producing off-target toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Here, we report a synergetic enhancement strategy through the combination between nanozyme and tumor vascular normalization to destruct tumors, which was based on tumor microenvironment (TME) “unlocking.” This nanozyme that we developed not only has photothermal properties but also can produce reactive oxygen species efficiently under the stimulation of TME. Moreover, this nanozyme also showed remarkable imaging performance in fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared region and magnetic resonance imaging for visualization tracing in vivo. The process of combination therapy showed remarkable therapeutic effect for breast cancer. This study provides a therapeutic strategy by the cooperation between multifunctional nanozyme and tumor vascular normalization for intensive combination therapy of breast cancer.
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Zha, Junqi, Wugao Wu, Peng Xie, Honghua Han, Zheng Fang, Yantao Chen, and Zhongfan Jia. "Polymeric Nanocapsule Enhances the Peroxidase-like Activity of Fe3O4 Nanozyme for Removing Organic Dyes." Catalysts 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12060614.
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Peroxidase-like nanozymes are nanoscale materials that can closely mimic the activity of natural peroxidase for a range of oxidation reactions. Surface coating with polymer nanogels has been considered to prevent the aggregation of nanozymes. For a long time, the understanding of polymer coating has been largely limited to its stabilization effect on the nanozyme in aqueous media, while little is known about how polymer coating plays a role in interaction with substrates and primary oxidants to dictate the catalytic process. This work reported a facile sequential modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to polyacrylamide coated nanozymes, and as low as 112 mg/L samples with only 5 mg/L Fe3O4 could nearly quantitatively (99%) remove a library of organic dyes with either H2O2 or Na2S2O8 as primary oxidants. The catalytic results and molecular simulation provide both experimental and computational evidence that the hydrogen bonding interaction between the reactant and nanozymes is key for the high local concentration hence catalytic efficiency. We envision that this work, for the first time, provides some insights into the role of polymer coating in enhancing the catalytic activity of nanozyme apart from the well-known water dispersity effect.
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Chi, Lili, Yuetong Zhang, Yusheng Hua, Qiqi Xu, Mingzhu Lv, Huan Wang, Jiani Xie, Shengtao Yang, and Yuan Yong. "Fe-Based Single-Atom Nanozyme with Superior Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity for Enhanced Ultrasensitive Biosensing." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 6126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19533.
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Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking characteristics, refered to as nanozymes, have become a hot research topic owing to their unique advantages of comparative low cost, high stability and large-scale preparation. Among them, Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), as novel nanozymes with abundant atomically dispersed active sites, have caused specific attention in the development of nanozymes for their remarkable catalytic activities, maximum atomic utilization and excellent selectivity, the homogeneous catalytic sites and clear catalytic mechanisms. Herein, a novel single-atom nanozyme based on Fe(III)-doped polydiaminopyridine nanofusiforms (Fe-PDAP SAzyme) was successfully proposed via facile oxidation polymerization strategy. With well-defined coordination structure and abundant Fe-Nx active sites similar to natural metalloproteases, the Fe-PDAP SAzyme exhibits superior peroxidase-like activity by efficiently decomposing H2O2 for hydroxyl radical (.OH) species formation. Based on their superior peroxidase-like activity, colorimetric biosensing of H2O2 and glucose in vitro was performed by using a typical 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine through a multienzyme biocatalytic cascade platform, exhibiting the superior specificity and sensitivity. This work not only provides a novel promising SAzyme-based biosensor but also paves an avenue for evaluating enzyme activity and broadens the application of other nanozyme-based biosensors in the fields of biomedical diagnosis.
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Hou, Li, Gaoyan Jiang, Ying Sun, Xuanhan Zhang, Juanjuan Huang, Shendong Liu, Tianran Lin, Fanggui Ye, and Shulin Zhao. "Progress and Trend on the Regulation Methods for Nanozyme Activity and Its Application." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9121057.
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Natural enzymes, such as biocatalysts, are widely used in biosensors, medicine and health, the environmental field, and other fields. However, it is easy for natural enzymes to lose catalytic activity due to their intrinsic shortcomings including a high purification cost, insufficient stability, and difficulties of recycling, which limit their practical applications. The unexpected discovery of the Fe3O4 nanozyme in 2007 has given rise to tremendous efforts for developing natural enzyme substitutes. Nanozymes, which are nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic catalytic activity, can serve as ideal candidates for artificial mimic enzymes. Nanozymes possess superiorities due to their low cost, high stability, and easy preparation. Although great progress has been made in the development of nanozymes, the catalytic efficiency of existing nanozymes is relatively low compared with natural enzymes. It is still a challenging task to develop nanozymes with a precise regulation of catalytic activity. This review summarizes the classification and various strategies for modulating the activity as well as research progress in the different application fields of nanozymes. Typical examples of the recent research process of nanozymes will be presented and critically discussed.
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WANG, Erkang. "(Keynote, Digital Presentation) A Study of Nanozyme-Based Biosensor." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532193mtgabs.
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Nanozymes have attracted significant research interest over the world due to their simple preparation, storage, as well as the low-cost compared with natural enzymes. We started to study nanozymes over 10 years ago [1-8]. A few examples of novel nanozymes from our laboratory are shown: 1, NiPd hNPs exhibited triple-enzyme mimetic activities (oxidase-like, peroxidase-like and catalase-like activities). 2, Fe3O4 NPs on 3D porous graphene exhibited enhanced nanozyme activity and used for glucose determination. 3, GOx@ZIF-8(NiPd) nanoflower exhibiting tandem catalysis has been firstly proposed. Recently, a new nanozyme based on a bionic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has the active center similar to hCAII, showing hCA as well as esterase and acetylcholinesterase-like activities. A new class of single-atom nanozymes, as FeN5 SA/CNF, with atomically dispersed enzyme-like active sites in nanomaterials has been discovered. The defined single-atom nanozymes provide a new perspective to the catalytic mechanism and rational design of nanozymes and exhibit great potential to become the next-generation nanozymes. References H. Wei, E. K. Wang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 6060-6093. H. Wei, E. K. Wang, Anal. Chem., 2008, 80, 2250-2254. Q. Wang, X. Zhang, L. Huang, Z. Zhang, S. J. Dong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 16082. S. L. Rong, Y. C. Huang, J. W. Liu, E. K. Wang, H. Wei, Prog. Biochem. Biophys. 2018, 45, 129-147. Q. Wang, H. Wei, Z. Zhang, E. K. Wang, S. J. Dong, Trends Anal. Chem., 2018, 105, 218-224. WW. Wu, L. Huang, EK. Wang, SJ. Dong, Chem. Sci. 2020 11, 9741-9756. J. X. Chen, L. Huang, Q. Q. Wang, W. W. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. X. Fang, S. J. Dong, Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 5960-5966. L. Huang, J. X. Chen, L. F. Gan, J. Wang, S. J. Dong , Sci. Adv. 2019, 5, eaav5490. Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and The Ministry of Science and Technology of China All coworkers in this laboratory are appreciated for their effort in this area Key words Nanozymes, NiPd NPs, GOx@ZIF-8(NiPd) nanoflower, ZIF-8, acetylcholinesterase-like nanozyme , single-atom nanozyme- FeN5 SA/CNF
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Pu, Fang, Jinsong Ren, and Xiaogang Qu. "Recent advances in the construction of nanozyme-based logic gates." Biophysics Reports 6, no. 6 (November 21, 2020): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41048-020-00124-9.
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AbstractNanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, have been considered as promising alternatives of natural enzymes. Molecular logic gates, which can simulate the function of the basic unit of an electronic computer, perform Boolean logic operation in response to chemical, biological, or optical signals. Recently, the combination of nanozymes and logic gates enabled bioinformation processing in a logically controllable way. In the review, recent progress in the construction of nanozyme-based logic gates integrated with their utility in sensing is introduced. Furthermore, the issues and challenges in the construction processes are discussed. It is expected the review will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of nanozyme-based logic systems.
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Khramtsov, Pavel, Maria Kropaneva, Maria Bochkova, Valeria Timganova, Dmitriy Kiselkov, Svetlana Zamorina, and Mikhail Rayev. "Synthesis and Application of Albumin Nanoparticles Loaded with Prussian Blue Nanozymes." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 2 (May 8, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6020029.
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Prussian blue nanozymes exhibit peroxidase-like catalytic activity and are therefore considered a stable and inexpensive alternative to natural peroxidases in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this work, we propose a robust method of Prussian blue nanozyme functionalization, which relies on the entrapment of nanozymes into albumin nanoparticles. The principle of the method is the addition of ethanol to a solution that contains albumin and nanozymes. At a high ethanol concentration solubility of albumin decreases, resulting in the formation of albumin nanoparticles loaded with nanozymes. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles was between 120 and 230 nm and depended on the nanozyme-to-BSA ratio. Encapsulation efficiency of nanozymes reached 96–99% and up to 190 μg of nanozymes were loaded per 1 mg of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were stable at pH 5.5–7.5 and upon long-term storage in deionized water. Excellent reproducibility of the synthesis procedure was confirmed by the preparation of three individual batches of Prussian-blue-loaded BSA nanoparticles with almost identical properties. Nanoparticles were functionalized with monoclonal antibodies using glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The resulting conjugates were applied as labels in an ELISA-like assay of tumor marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The lower limit of detection was below 1 ng/mL, which enables measurement of PSA in the range of clinically relevant concentrations.
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Yan, Boyu, Ying Yang, Yinyun Xie, Jinzhao Li, and Kun Li. "Fe Doping Enhances the Peroxidase-Like Activity of CuO for Ascorbic Acid Sensing." Chemistry 5, no. 2 (May 23, 2023): 1302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5020088.
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Although significant advances have been witnessed in the application of nanozymes in recent years, exploring new strategies to enhance the enzyme-like activity of nanozymes is of urgent importance. Herein, we investigate the feasibility of accelerating the peroxidase-like reaction rate of CuO nanostructures through Fe doping. The coprecipitation method was used to synthesize Fe-doped CuO (Fe-CuO) nanozymes, and the results indicate that the diversified valence of Fe benefits the redox reaction driven by CuO-based nanozymes. With the improved peroxidase-like activity, the Fe-CuO nanozyme enables the significant chromogenic oxidation reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), facilitating the construction of a visual sensing platform for the sensitive and selective determination of ascorbic acid. Under optimal conditions, the absorbance at 652 nm decreases linearly with the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range of 5–50 μM, with a limit of detection as low as 4.66 μM. This work exemplifies the activity enhancement for peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes with a metal-doping strategy and provides a broad prospect for the design of more high-performance nanozymes for biosensing applications.
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Shin, Ho Yun, Tae Jung Park, and Moon Il Kim. "Recent Research Trends and Future Prospects in Nanozymes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/756278.
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Recently, nanomaterial-based enzyme mimetics (nanozymes) have attracted enormous interest. They exhibit unique advantages such as excellent robustness, stability, and low-cost production with easy scale-up, which are critically needed as an alternative to natural enzymes. These nanozymes exhibit natural enzyme-like activity and have been applied to various kinds of detection and treatment methods for biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, cells, and small molecules including glucose. To highlight progress in the field of nanozymes, this review discusses recent nanozyme-based research results and their applications for the development of novel biosensor, immunoassay, cancer diagnostics, therapeutics, and environmental engineering technologies. Current challenges and future prospects of nanozymes for widespread use in biotechnology are also discussed.
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Xu, Shuai, Shiyue Zhang, Yutong Li, and Jiyang Liu. "Facile Synthesis of Iron and Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon Dot Nanozyme as Highly Efficient Peroxidase Mimics for Visualized Detection of Metabolites." Molecules 28, no. 16 (August 15, 2023): 6064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166064.
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Visual detection based on nanozymes has great potential for the rapid detection of metabolites in clinical analysis or home-based health management. In this work, iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Fe,N-CDs) were conveniently synthesized as a nanozyme for the visual detection of glucose (Glu) or cholesterol (Chol). Using inexpensive and readily available precursors, Fe,N-CDs with peroxidase-like activity were conveniently prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. Co-doping of Fe and N atoms enhanced the catalytic activity of the nanozyme. The nanozyme had a low Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.23 mM when hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as the substrate. Free radical trapping experiments revealed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the nanozyme-catalyzed process were superoxide anion radicals (•O2−), which can oxidize colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue oxidation product (ox-TMB) with characteristics absorbance at 652 nm. Based on this mechanism, a colorimetric sensor was constructed to detect H2O2 ranging from 0.1 μM to 200 μM with a detection limit (DL) of 75 nM. In the presence of glucose oxidase (Gox) or Chol oxidase (Chox), Glu or Chol was oxidized, respectively, and generated H2O2. Based on this, indirect detection of Glu and Chol was realized with linear detection ranges of 5–160 μM and 2–200 μM and DLs of 2.8 μM and 0.8 μM, respectively. A paper-based visual detection platform was fabricated using Fe,N-CDs as nanozyme ink to prepare testing paper by inkjet printing. Using a smartphone to record the RGB values of the testing paper after the reaction, visual detection of Glu and Chol can be achieved with linear detection ranges of 5–160 μM (DL of 3.3 μM) and 2–200 μM (DL of 1.0 μM), respectively.
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Zhang, Bin, Xiaoming Wang, Wei Hu, Yiquan Liao, Yichang He, Bohua Dong, Minggang Zhao, and Ye Ma. "SPR-Enhanced Au@Fe3O4 Nanozyme for the Detection of Hydroquinone." Chemosensors 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070392.
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Artificial nanozymes that are based on ferric oxides have drawn enormous attention due to their high stability, high efficiency, and low cost as compared with natural enzymes. Due to the unique optical plasmonic properties, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been widely utilized in the fields of colorimetric, Raman, and fluorescence sensing. In this work, a photo-responsive Au@Fe3O4 nanozyme is prepared with outstanding peroxidase-like activity. The hot electrons of Au NPs that are excited by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of NPs improve the catalytic activity of Au@Fe3O4 in oxidizing 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and the detection of hydroquinone (HQ). The magnetic separation and reusability of the nanozyme further lower its costs. The detection linear range of the sensor is 0–30 μM and the lowest detection limit is 0.29 μM. Especially in the detection of real water samples, a good recovery rate is obtained, which provides promising references for the development of the HQ detection technology in seawater.
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Huang, Liang, Jinxing Chen, Linfeng Gan, Jin Wang, and Shaojun Dong. "Single-atom nanozymes." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaav5490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5490.
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Conventional nanozyme technologies face formidable challenges of intricate size-, composition-, and facet-dependent catalysis and inherently low active site density. We discovered a new class of single-atom nanozymes with atomically dispersed enzyme-like active sites in nanomaterials, which significantly enhanced catalytic performance, and uncovered the underlying mechanism. With oxidase catalysis as a model reaction, experimental studies and theoretical calculations revealed that single-atom nanozymes with carbon nanoframe–confined FeN5 active centers (FeN5 SA/CNF) catalytically behaved like the axial ligand–coordinated heme of cytochrome P450. The definite active moieties and crucial synergistic effects endow FeN5 SA/CNF with a clear electron push-effect mechanism, as well as the highest oxidase-like activity among other nanozymes (the rate constant is 70 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C) and versatile antibacterial applications. These suggest that the single-atom nanozymes have great potential to become the next-generation nanozymes.
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Huang, Shihui, Shuqi Jiang, Hong Liu, Jiali Cai, Gengjia Chen, Junyao Xu, Dan Kai, Pengli Bai, Ruiping Zhou, and Zhiyong Wang. "Facile Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanozymes for Synergistically Colorimetric and Magnetic Resonance Detection Strategy." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3049.
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Iron oxide nanomaterials with mimic enzymes activity have been paid more attention in the clinical diagnosis field. The modified surface molecules would influence the catalytic activity of nanozyme, which is worth studying. Furthermore, the traditional detection strategy is based on colorimetric change of substrates, however, the optical signal is easy to be interfered in complex biological applications. In our research, an efficient and facile preparation strategy was developed to obtain functional artificial nanozymes. Herein, three kinds of surfactants, including citrate acid, poly(ethylene glycol) bis (carboxymethyl) ether and tannic acid have been applied to modify these nanomaterials that showed uniform size, high soluble dispersity and stability. Furthermore, these nanozymes exhibited different peroxidase-like activity to catalyze the hydrogen peroxide and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine. More importantly, magnetic relaxation effect of iron oxide nanozymes was found to be changed during the catalytic reaction. In addition, the relationship between the magnetic signal of nanozymes and the substrate concentration showed a good linear dependence. Combined with the natural enzymes, the magnetic detection of iron oxide nanozymes also exhibited excellent substrate specificity. On these bases, a dual-function specific assay was constructed and further used for glucose detection. In conclusion, this study demonstrated an efficient iron oxide nanozymes preparation method and constructed a new synergistically colorimetric-magnetic diagnosis strategy.
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Shen, Bowen, Molan Qing, Liying Zhu, Yuxian Wang, and Ling Jiang. "Dual-Enzyme Cascade Composed of Chitosan Coated FeS2 Nanozyme and Glucose Oxidase for Sensitive Glucose Detection." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031357.
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Immobilizing enzymes with nanozymes to catalyze cascade reactions overcomes many of the shortcomings of biological enzymes in industrial manufacturing. In the study, glucose oxidases were covalently bound to FeS2 nanozymes as immobilization carriers while chitosan encapsulation increased the activity and stability of the immobilized enzymes. The immobilized enzymes exhibited a 10% greater increase in catalytic efficiency than the free enzymes while also being more stable and catalytically active in environments with an alkaline pH of 9.0 and a high temperature of 100 °C. Additionally, the FeS2 nanozyme-driven double-enzyme cascade reaction showed high glucose selectivity, even in the presence of lactose, dopamine, and uric acid, with a limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) as low as 1.9 × 10−6 M. This research demonstrates that nanozymes may be employed as ideal carriers for biological enzymes and that the nanozymes can catalyze cascade reactions together with natural enzymes, offering new insights into interactions between natural and synthetic biosystems.
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Ma, Tianyi, Kunlun Huang, and Nan Cheng. "Recent Advances in Nanozyme-Mediated Strategies for Pathogen Detection and Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 13342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713342.
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Pathogen detection and control have long presented formidable challenges in the domains of medicine and public health. This review paper underscores the potential of nanozymes as emerging bio-mimetic enzymes that hold promise in effectively tackling these challenges. The key features and advantages of nanozymes are introduced, encompassing their comparable catalytic activity to natural enzymes, enhanced stability and reliability, cost effectiveness, and straightforward preparation methods. Subsequently, the paper delves into the detailed utilization of nanozymes for pathogen detection. This includes their application as biosensors, facilitating rapid and sensitive identification of diverse pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and plasmodium. Furthermore, the paper explores strategies employing nanozymes for pathogen control, such as the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HOBr/Cl regulation, and clearance of extracellular DNA to impede pathogen growth and transmission. The review underscores the vast potential of nanozymes in pathogen detection and control through numerous specific examples and case studies. The authors highlight the efficiency, rapidity, and specificity of pathogen detection achieved with nanozymes, employing various strategies. They also demonstrate the feasibility of nanozymes in hindering pathogen growth and transmission. These innovative approaches employing nanozymes are projected to provide novel options for early disease diagnoses, treatment, and prevention. Through a comprehensive discourse on the characteristics and advantages of nanozymes, as well as diverse application approaches, this paper serves as a crucial reference and guide for further research and development in nanozyme technology. The expectation is that such advancements will significantly contribute to enhancing disease control measures and improving public health outcomes.
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Niu, Xiangheng, Bangxiang Liu, Panwang Hu, Hengjia Zhu, and Mengzhu Wang. "Nanozymes with Multiple Activities: Prospects in Analytical Sensing." Biosensors 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040251.
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Given the superiorities in catalytic stability, production cost and performance tunability over natural bio-enzymes, artificial nanomaterials featuring enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes) have drawn extensive attention from the academic community in the past decade. With these merits, they are intensively tested for sensing, biomedicine and environmental engineering. Especially in the analytical sensing field, enzyme mimics have found wide use for biochemical detection, environmental monitoring and food analysis. More fascinatingly, rational design enables one fabrication of enzyme-like materials with versatile activities, which show great promise for further advancement of the nanozyme-involved biochemical sensing field. To understand the progress in such an exciting field, here we offer a review of nanozymes with multiple catalytic activities and their analytical application prospects. The main types of enzyme-mimetic activities are first introduced, followed by a summary of current strategies that can be employed to design multi-activity nanozymes. In particular, typical materials with at least two enzyme-like activities are reviewed. Finally, opportunities for multi-activity nanozymes applied in the sensing field are discussed, and potential challenges are also presented, to better guide the development of analytical methods and sensors using nanozymes with different catalytic features.
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Le, Phan Gia, and Moon Il Kim. "Research Progress and Prospects of Nanozyme-Based Glucose Biofuel Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082116.
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The appearance and evolution of biofuel cells can be categorized into three groups: microbial biofuel cells (MBFCs), enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs), and enzyme-like nanomaterial (nanozyme)-based biofuel cells (NBFCs). MBFCs can produce electricity from waste; however, they have significantly low power output as well as difficulty in controlling electron transfer and microbial growth. EBFCs are more productive in generating electricity with the assistance of natural enzymes, but their vulnerability under diverse environmental conditions has critically hindered practical applications. In contrast, because of the intrinsic advantages of nanozymes, such as high stability and robustness even in harsh conditions, low synthesis cost through facile scale-up, and tunable catalytic activity, NBFCs have attracted attention, particularly for developing wearable and implantable devices to generate electricity from glucose in the physiological fluids of plants, animals, and humans. In this review, recent studies on NBFCs, including the synthetic strategies and catalytic activities of metal and metal oxide-based nanozymes, the mechanism of electricity generation from glucose, and representative studies are reviewed and discussed. Current challenges and prospects for the utilization of nanozymes in glucose biofuel cells are also discussed.
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Tripathi, Anuja, Kenneth D. Harris, and Anastasia L. Elias. "High surface area nitrogen-functionalized Ni nanozymes for efficient peroxidase-like catalytic activity." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0257777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257777.
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Nitrogen-functionalization is an effective means of improving the catalytic performances of nanozymes. In the present work, plasma-assisted nitrogen modification of nanocolumnar Ni GLAD films was performed using an ammonia plasma, resulting in an improvement in the peroxidase-like catalytic performance of the porous, nanostructured Ni films. The plasma-treated nanozymes were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, revealing a nitrogen-rich surface composition. Increased surface wettability was observed after ammonia plasma treatment, and the resulting nitrogen-functionalized Ni GLAD films presented dramatically enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity. The optimal time for plasma treatment was determined to be 120 s; when used to catalyze the oxidation of the colorimetric substrate TMB in the presence of H2O2, Ni films subjected to 120 s of plasma treatment yielded a much higher maximum reaction velocity (3.7⊆10−8 M/s vs. 2.3⊆10−8 M/s) and lower Michaelis-Menten coefficient (0.17 mM vs. 0.23 mM) than pristine Ni films with the same morphology. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of the nanozyme in a gravity-driven, continuous catalytic reaction device. Such a controllable plasma treatment strategy may open a new door toward surface-functionalized nanozymes with improved catalytic performance and potential applications in flow-driven point-of-care devices.
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Qingzhi, Wu, Sijia Zou, Qian Wang, Lei Chen, Xiyun Yan, and Lizeng Gao. "Catalytic defense against fungal pathogens using nanozymes." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0084.
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Abstract Fungal infections are still a major challenge for clinics, resulting from the resistance of drug-resistant fungi and the toxicity of antifungal drugs. Defense against fungal invasions via enzymatic catalysis has been found in nature. The use of nanozymes, as artificial enzyme mimics, may be a promising strategy to induce fungal death due to their advantages such as tunable catalytic activity, high stability, low cost, and easy preparation. Here, the importance of natural enzymes in the defense against fungi is outlined. The progress in antifungal performance and potential application of nanozymes and the related antifungal mechanisms are also summarized. Finally, the perspective and challenges in this field for future study, pointing out that nanozyme-based catalytic therapy represents a promising alternative strategy for antifungal treatment, are highlighted.
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Zhu, Hongshuai, Bingfeng Wang, and Yingju Liu. "Coordinating Etching Inspired Synthesis of Fe(OH)3 Nanocages as Mimetic Peroxidase for Fluorescent and Colorimetric Self-Tuning Detection of Ochratoxin A." Biosensors 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2023): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13060665.
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The development of multifunctional biomimetic nanozymes with high catalytic activity and sensitive response is rapidly advancing. The hollow nanostructures, including metal hydroxides, metal-organic frameworks, and metallic oxides, possess excellent loading capacity and a high surface area-to-mass ratio. This characteristic allows for the exposure of more active sites and reaction channels, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity of nanozymes. In this work, based on the coordinating etching principle, a facile template-assisted strategy for synthesizing Fe(OH)3 nanocages by using Cu2O nanocubes as the precursors was proposed. The unique three-dimensional structure of Fe(OH)3 nanocages endows it with excellent catalytic activity. Herein, in the light of Fe(OH)3-induced biomimetic nanozyme catalyzed reactions, a self-tuning dual-mode fluorescence and colorimetric immunoassay was successfully constructed for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. For the colorimetric signal, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) can be oxidized by Fe(OH)3 nanocages to form a color response that can be preliminarily identified by the human eye. For the fluorescence signal, the fluorescence intensity of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN) can be quantitatively quenched by the valence transition of Ferric ion in Fe(OH)3 nanocages. Due to the significant self-calibration, the performance of the self-tuning strategy for OTA detection was substantially enhanced. Under the optimized conditions, the developed dual-mode platform accomplishes a wide range of 1 ng/L to 5 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.68 ng/L (S/N = 3). This work not only develops a facile strategy for the synthesis of highly active peroxidase-like nanozyme but also achieves promising sensing platform for OTA detection in actual samples.
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Myrzagaliyeva, Arailym, Guldan Nazarbek, Sandugash Myrzagali, Amr Amin, and Yingqiu Xie. "Abstract 2556: Phosphatase nanozyme combination with kinase inhibitor for decreasing prostate cancer cell viability." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2556.
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Abstract Background: Phosphatase has been well studied in anti-cancer research. The dietary amino acid cysteine plays essential roles in protein structure by disulfide bonds, metal ion binding, detoxification, and many metabolic functions. Cysteine has been shown in inducing human bladder cancer cells apoptosis. However, the cysteine mediated nanoparticles enzyme (nanozyme) activity and their function, signaling pathways are yet unknown. We aim to test whether the cysteine mediated nanoparticles nanozyme activity of phosphatase could enhance targeting of kinases. Methods: Fresh L-cysteine were applied for synthesis of less than 200 nm sized nanozyme. The phosphatase enzyme activity was measured using NBT/BCIP substrate. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy were used for nanoparticle analysis. Cell viability was measured by crystal violet staining of cells. Results: L-cysteine at 0.1mg/mL combined with MET inhibitor (1µm or 5µm) showed the better effect of enhanced efficacy and decreased the viability of prostate cancer cells compared to inhibitor alone or cysteine. Combination did not affect the phosphatase activity of cysteine nanozyme. Conclusion: L-cysteine may be applied to be combined with kinase inhibitors in drug delivery for increased efficacy. Citation Format: Arailym Myrzagaliyeva, Guldan Nazarbek, Sandugash Myrzagali, Amr Amin, Yingqiu Xie. Phosphatase nanozyme combination with kinase inhibitor for decreasing prostate cancer cell viability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2556.
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Wang, Heng, Beilei Wang, Jie Jiang, Yi Wu, Anning Song, Xiaoyu Wang, Chenlu Yao, et al. "SnSe Nanosheets Mimic Lactate Dehydrogenase to Reverse Tumor Acid Microenvironment Metabolism for Enhancement of Tumor Therapy." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 8552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238552.
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The acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is unfriendly to the activity and function of immune cells in the TME. Here, we report inorganic nanozymes (i.e., SnSe NSs) that mimic the catalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase to degrade lactate to pyruvate, contributing to the metabolic treatment of tumors. As found in this study, SnSe NSs successfully decreased lactate levels in cells and tumors, as well as reduced tumor acidity. This is associated with activation of the immune response of T cells, thus alleviating the immunosuppressive environment of the TME. More importantly, the nanozyme successfully inhibited tumor growth in mutilate mouse tumor models. Thus, SnSe NSs show a promising result in lactate depletion and tumor suppression, which exemplifies its potential strategy in targeting lactate for metabolic therapy.
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Cao-Milán, Roberto, Luke D. He, Spencer Shorkey, Gulen Y. Tonga, Li-Sheng Wang, Xianzhi Zhang, Imad Uddin, Riddha Das, Mine Sulak, and Vincent M. Rotello. "Modulating the catalytic activity of enzyme-like nanoparticles through their surface functionalization." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 2, no. 5 (2017): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7me00055c.
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Mansur, Alexandra A. P., Sandhra M. Carvalho, Luiz Carlos A. Oliveira, Elaine Maria Souza-Fagundes, Zelia I. P. Lobato, Maria F. Leite, and Herman S. Mansur. "Bioengineered Carboxymethylcellulose–Peptide Hybrid Nanozyme Cascade for Targeted Intracellular Biocatalytic–Magnetothermal Therapy of Brain Cancer Cells." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102223.
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Glioblastoma remains the most lethal form of brain cancer, where hybrid nanomaterials biofunctionalized with polysaccharide peptides offer disruptive strategies relying on passive/active targeting and multimodal therapy for killing cancer cells. Thus, in this research, we report for the first time the rational design and synthesis of novel hybrid colloidal nanostructures composed of gold nanoparticles stabilized by trisodium citrate (AuNP@TSC) as the oxidase-like nanozyme, coupled with cobalt-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by carboxymethylcellulose ligands (Co-MION@CMC) as the peroxidase-like nanozyme. They formed inorganic–inorganic dual-nanozyme systems functionalized by a carboxymethylcellulose biopolymer organic shell, which can trigger a biocatalytic cascade reaction in the cancer tumor microenvironment for the combination of magnetothermal–chemodynamic therapy. These nanoassemblies were produced through a green aqueous process under mild conditions and chemically biofunctionalized with integrin-targeting peptide (iRDG), creating bioengineered nanocarriers. The results demonstrated that the oxidase-like nanozyme (AuNP) was produced with a crystalline face-centered cubic nanostructure, spherical morphology (diameter = 16 ± 3 nm), zeta potential (ZP) of −50 ± 5 mV, and hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 15 ± 1 nm. The peroxide-like nanostructure (POD, Co-MION@CMC) contained an inorganic crystalline core of magnetite and had a uniform spherical shape (2R = 7 ± 1 nm) which, summed to the contribution of the CMC shell, rendered a hydrodynamic diameter of 45 ± 4 nm and a negative surface charge (ZP = −41 ± 5 mV). Upon coupling both nanozymes, water-dispersible colloidal supramolecular vesicle-like organic–inorganic nanostructures were produced (AuNP//Co-MION@CMC, ZP = −45 ± 4 mV and DH = 28 ± 3 nm). They confirmed dual-nanozyme cascade biocatalytic activity targeted by polymer–peptide conjugates (AuNP//Co-MION@CMC_iRGD, ZP = −29 ± 3 mV and DH = 60 ± 4 nm) to kill brain cancer cells (i.e., bioenergy “starvation” by glucose deprivation and oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species generation), which was boosted by the magneto-hyperthermotherapy effect when submitted to the alternating magnetic field (i.e., induced local thermal stress by “nanoheaters”). This groundwork offers a wide avenue of opportunities to develop innovative theranostic nanoplatforms with multiple integrated functionalities for fighting cancer and reducing the harsh side effects of conventional chemotherapy.
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Li, Chao, Zichao Guo, Sisi Pu, Chaohui Zhou, Xi Cheng, Ren Zhao, and Nengqin Jia. "Molybdenum Disulfide-Integrated Iron Organic Framework Hybrid Nanozyme-Based Aptasensor for Colorimetric Detection of Exosomes." Biosensors 13, no. 8 (August 9, 2023): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13080800.
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Tumor-derived exosomes are considered as a potential marker in liquid biopsy for malignant tumor screening. The development of a sensitive, specific, rapid, and cost-effective detection strategy for tumor-derived exosomes is still a challenge. Herein, a visualized and easy detection method for exosomes was established based on a molybdenum disulfide nanoflower decorated iron organic framework (MoS2-MIL-101(Fe)) hybrid nanozyme-based CD63 aptamer sensor. The CD63 aptamer, which can specifically recognize and capture tumor-derived exosomes, enhanced the peroxidase activity of the hybrid nanozyme and helped to catalyze the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 system to generate a stronger colorimetric signal, with its surface modification on the hybrid nanozyme. With the existence of exosomes, CD63 aptamer recognized and adsorbed them on the surface of the nanozyme, which rescued the enhanced peroxidase activity of the aptamer-modified nanozyme, resulting in a deep-to-moderate color change in the TMB-H2O2 system where the change is visible and can be monitored with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. In the context of optimal circumstances, the linear range of this exosome detection method is measured to be 1.6 × 104 to 1.6 × 106 particles/μL with a limit of detection as 3.37 × 103 particles/μL. Generally, a simple and accessible approach to exosome detection is constructed, and a nanozyme-based colorimetric aptamer sensor is proposed, which sheds light on novel oncological biomarker measurements in the field of biosensors.
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Sun, Kai, Qingzhu Liu, Rui Zhu, Qi Liu, Shunyao Li, Youbin Si, and Qingguo Huang. "Oxidase-Like Catalytic Performance of Nano-MnO2 and Its Potential Application for Metal Ions Detection in Water." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5416963.
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Certain nano-scale metal oxides exhibiting the intrinsic enzyme-like reactivity had been used for environment monitoring. Herein, we evaluated the oxidase-mimicking activity of environmentally relevant nano-MnO2 and its sensitivity to the presence of metal ions, and particularly, the use of MnO2 nanozyme to potentially detect Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+ in water. The results indicated the oxidase-like activity of nano-MnO2 at acidic pH-driven oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) via a single-electron transfer process, leading to the formation of a yellow product. Notably, the presence of Cu2+ and Mn2+ heightened the oxidase-mimicking activity of nano-MnO2 at 25°C and pH 3.8, showing that Cu2+ and Mn2+ could modify the reactive sites of nano-MnO2 surface to ameliorate its catalytic activity, while the activity of MnO2 nanozyme in systems with Zn2+ and Fe2+ was impeded probably because of the strong affinity of Zn2+ and Fe2+ toward nano-MnO2 surface. Based on these effects, we designed a procedure to use MnO2 nanozyme to, respectively, detect Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+ in the real water samples. MnO2 nanozyme-based detecting systems achieved high accuracy (relative errors: 2.2–26.1%) and recovery (93.0–124.0%) for detection of the four metal ions, respectively. Such cost-effective detecting systems may provide a potential application for quantitative determination of metal ions in real water environmental samples.
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Zhang, Zijie, Yuqing Li, Xiaohan Zhang, and Juewen Liu. "Molecularly imprinted nanozymes with faster catalytic activity and better specificity." Nanoscale 11, no. 11 (2019): 4854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr09816f.
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Molecular imprinting accelerates nanozyme catalysis and improves specificity attributable to selective adsorption of imprinted substrate, decreasing activation energy and facilitating product release.
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Carvalho, Sandhra M., Alexandra A. P. Mansur, Izabela B. da Silveira, Thaisa F. S. Pires, Henrique F. V. Victória, Klaus Krambrock, M. Fátima Leite, and Herman S. Mansur. "Nanozymes with Peroxidase-like Activity for Ferroptosis-Driven Biocatalytic Nanotherapeutics of Glioblastoma Cancer: 2D and 3D Spheroids Models." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (June 10, 2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061702.
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults. Despite the remarkable advancements in recent years in the realm of cancer diagnosis and therapy, regrettably, GBM remains the most lethal form of brain cancer. In this view, the fascinating area of nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative strategy for developing novel nanomaterials for cancer nanomedicine, such as artificial enzymes, termed nanozymes, with intrinsic enzyme-like activities. Therefore, this study reports for the first time the design, synthesis, and extensive characterization of innovative colloidal nanostructures made of cobalt-doped iron oxide nanoparticles chemically stabilized by a carboxymethylcellulose capping ligand (i.e., Co-MION), creating a peroxidase-like (POD) nanozyme for biocatalytically killing GBM cancer cells. These nanoconjugates were produced using a strictly green aqueous process under mild conditions to create non-toxic bioengineered nanotherapeutics against GBM cells. The nanozyme (Co-MION) showed a magnetite inorganic crystalline core with a uniform spherical morphology (diameter, 2R = 6–7 nm) stabilized by the CMC biopolymer, producing a hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of 41–52 nm and a negatively charged surface (ZP~−50 mV). Thus, we created supramolecular water-dispersible colloidal nanostructures composed of an inorganic core (Cox-MION) and a surrounding biopolymer shell (CMC). The nanozymes confirmed the cytotoxicity evaluated by an MTT bioassay using a 2D culture in vitro of U87 brain cancer cells, which was concentration-dependent and boosted by increasing the cobalt-doping content in the nanosystems. Additionally, the results confirmed that the lethality of U87 brain cancer cells was predominantly caused by the production of toxic cell-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by the peroxidase-like activity displayed by nanozymes. Thus, the nanozymes induced apoptosis (i.e., programmed cell death) and ferroptosis (i.e., lipid peroxidation) pathways by intracellular biocatalytic enzyme-like activity. More importantly, based on the 3D spheroids model, these nanozymes inhibited tumor growth and remarkably reduced the malignant tumor volume after the nanotherapeutic treatment (ΔV~40%). The kinetics of the anticancer activity of these novel nanotherapeutic agents decreased with the time of incubation of the GBM 3D models, indicating a similar trend commonly observed in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the 2D in vitro model overestimated the relative efficiency of the anticancer agents (i.e., nanozymes and the DOX drug) compared to the 3D spheroid models. These findings are notable as they evidenced that the 3D spheroid model resembles more precisely the TME of “real” brain cancer tumors in patients than 2D cell cultures. Thus, based on our groundwork, 3D tumor spheroid models might be able to offer transitional systems between conventional 2D cell cultures and complex biological in vivo models for evaluating anticancer agents more precisely. These nanotherapeutics offer a wide avenue of opportunities to develop innovative nanomedicines for fighting against cancerous tumors and reducing the frequency of severe side effects in conventionally applied chemotherapy-based treatments.
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Zhou, Ya, Yue Wei, Jinsong Ren, and Xiaogang Qu. "A chiral covalent organic framework (COF) nanozyme with ultrahigh enzymatic activity." Materials Horizons 7, no. 12 (2020): 3291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh01535k.
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Li, Yutong, Xinhui Gu, Jiayin Zhao, and Fengna Xi. "Fabrication of a Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor Based on Carbon Dots as Both Luminophores and Nanozymes for the Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide." Molecules 27, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 7379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217379.
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The construction of novel fluorescent nanozymes is highly desirable for providing new strategies for nanozyme-based sensing systems. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was constructed based on carbon dots (CDs) as both luminophores and nanozymes, which could realize the sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). CDs with peroxidase-mimicking activity were prepared with a one-step hydrothermal method using L-histidine as an inexpensive precursor. CDs had bright blue fluorescence. Due to the pseudo-peroxidase activity, CDs catalyzed the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) with H2O2 to generate 2,3-diaminophenolazine (DAP). The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and DAP resulted in a decrease in the fluorescence of CDs and an increase in the fluorescence of DAP, leading to a ratiometric fluorescence system. The free radical trapping experiment was used to investigate the reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) in the catalytic process of CD nanozymes. The enzymatic parameters of CD nanozymes, including the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum initial reaction velocities (Vmax), were investigated. A good affinity for both OPD and H2O2 substrates was proven. Based on the FRET between CDs and OPD, a ratiometric fluorescence analysis of H2O2 was achieved and results ranged from 1 to 20 μM and 20 to 200 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD, 0.42 μM). The detection of H2O2 in milk was also achieved.
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Zhang, Dechen, Na Shen, Junrong Zhang, Jinming Zhu, Yi Guo, and Li Xu. "A novel nanozyme based on selenopeptide-modified gold nanoparticles with a tunable glutathione peroxidase activity." RSC Advances 10, no. 15 (2020): 8685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10262k.
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Liu, Yan, Zhen Chen, Zhifang Shao, and Rong Guo. "Single gold nanoparticle-driven heme cofactor nanozyme as an unprecedented oxidase mimetic." Chemical Communications 57, no. 27 (2021): 3399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00279a.
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Kost, Olga A., Olga V. Beznos, Nina G. Davydova, Devika S. Manickam, Irina I. Nikolskaya, Anna E. Guller, Petr V. Binevski, et al. "Superoxide Dismutase 1 Nanozyme for Treatment of Eye Inflammation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5194239.
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Use of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress during ocular inflammatory diseases has shown therapeutic potential. This work examines a nanoscale therapeutic modality for the eye on the base of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), termed “nanozyme.” The nanozyme is produced by electrostatic coupling of the SOD1 with a cationic block copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-poly(ethyleneglycol), followed by covalent cross-linking of the complexes with 3,3′-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) sodium salt. The ability of SOD1 nanozyme as well as the native SOD1 to reduce inflammatory processes in the eye was examinedin vivoin rabbits with immunogenic uveitis. Results suggested that topical instillations of both enzyme forms demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity; however, the nanozyme was much more effective compared to the free enzyme in decreasing uveitis manifestations. In particular, we noted statistically significant differences in such inflammatory signs in the eye as the intensities of corneal and iris edema, hyperemia of conjunctiva, lens opacity, fibrin clots, and the protein content in aqueous humor. Clinical findings were confirmed by histological data. Thus, SOD1-containing nanozyme is potentially useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders.
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He, Shaobin, Liu Yang, Paramasivam Balasubramanian, Shujun Li, Huaping Peng, Ye Kuang, Haohua Deng, and Wei Chen. "Osmium nanozyme as peroxidase mimic with high performance and negligible interference of O2." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 47 (2020): 25226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09247a.
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Xiang, Sijin, Zhongxiong Fan, Duo Sun, Tianbao Zhu, Jiang Ming, and Xiaolan Chen. "Near-Infrared Light Enhanced Peroxidase-Like Activity of PEGylated Palladium Nanozyme for Highly Efficient Biofilm Eradication." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3095.
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The overall eradication of biofilm-mode growing bacteria holds significant key to the answer of a series of infection-related health problems. However, the extracellular matrix of bacteria biofilms disables the traditional antimicrobials and, more unfortunately, hampers the development of the anti-infectious alternatives. Therefore, highly effective antimicrobial agents are an urgent need for biofilm-infection control. Herein, a PEGylated palladium nanozyme (Pd-PEG) with peroxidase (POD)-like activity for highly efficient biofilm infection control is reported. Pd-PEG also shows the intrinsic photothermal effect as well as near-infrared (NIR) light-enhanced POD-like activity in the acidic environment, thereby massively destroying the biofilm matrix and killing the adhering bacteria. Importantly, the antimicrobial mechanism of the synergistic treatment based on Pd-PEG+H2O2+NIR combination was disclosed. In vitro and in vivo results illustrated the designed Pd-PEG+H2O2 +NIR treatment reagent possessed outstanding antibacterial and biofilms elimination effects with negligible biotoxicity. This work hopefully facilitates the development of metal-based nanozymes in biofilm related infectious diseases.
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Chang, Yangyang, Sheng Gao, Meng Liu, and Juewen Liu. "Designing signal-on sensors by regulating nanozyme activity." Analytical Methods 12, no. 39 (2020): 4708–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01625j.
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Ma, Yin-Chu, Yan-Hua Zhu, Xin-Feng Tang, Li-Feng Hang, Wei Jiang, Min Li, Malik Ihsanullah Khan, Ye-Zi You, and Yu-Cai Wang. "Au nanoparticles with enzyme-mimicking activity-ornamented ZIF-8 for highly efficient photodynamic therapy." Biomaterials Science 7, no. 7 (2019): 2740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9bm00333a.
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Wu, Shihong, Jinyi Zhang, and Peng Wu. "Photo-modulated nanozymes for biosensing and biomedical applications." Analytical Methods 11, no. 40 (2019): 5081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01493d.
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Liu, Yan, Yinping Xiang, Ding Ding, and Rong Guo. "Structural effects of amphiphilic protein/gold nanoparticle hybrid based nanozyme on peroxidase-like activity and silver-mediated inhibition." RSC Advances 6, no. 113 (2016): 112435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra23773h.
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