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Academic literature on the topic 'Nanotube de carbone verticalement alignés'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanotube de carbone verticalement alignés"
Debski, Nicolas. "Fibres obtenues à partir de nanotubes de carbone verticalement alignés : élaboration et propriétés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112388/document.
Full textCarbon nanotube (CNT) based fibers, due to their interesting electrical and mechanical properties, exhibit a broad range of potential applications, such as functional textile or electrical wiring. To date, there are two families of fibers prepared according to different routes: pure CNT fibers and CNT composite fibers. The CNT characteristics and the elaboration process are known to impact their electrical and mechanical properties. However, the large diversity of manufactured CNT and spinning conditions used to elaborate these fibers are not favorable to establish clear relationship between fiber characteristics and their properties. In this context, the aim of the present work is to prepare fibers from vertically aligned CNT carpet according to two different elaboration process and to study their properties according to the CNT characteristics. A first part of this study was focused on the dry-spinning feasibility directly from CNT carpet synthesized by aerosol-assisted CCVD process in order to prepare fibers containing only of CNT. Even though all tests did not lead to a continuous spinning, a relation between the weak CNT tortuosity and the capacity of carpet to form fluffy network was established, which seems important for fiber continuous spinning. The second part is devoted to the study of the CNT characteristic effect (length, diameter and structure) on the electrical and mechanical properties of composite fibers obtained by wet spinning from CNT suspension. However, the preparation of these suspensions generates a CNT breakage by reducing their length to the micrometer range. A new dispersion process based on freezing/thawing cycles was developed and enables to keep CNT length in suspension of about 4 to 6 µm. Thus, concentrated suspensions with different CNT length, structure and diameter were obtained and successfully spun into fibers. The mechanical properties of raw fibers are essentially modified by CNT length which involves an improvement of the Young modulus and the tensile strength. The electrical properties depend on the CNT concentration in fiber and on the CNT structure. After a heat treatment of fiber at 200 °C, the increase of CNT length leads to an improvement of electrical conductivity. Consequently, the use of long CNT in composite fibers is beneficial to improve their performances
Bouillonnec, Jonathan. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés mécaniques et thermiques de matériaux constitués de nanotubes de carbone verticalement alignés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30228/document.
Full textVertically aligned carbon nanotube carpets are potential candidates for applications such as interconnections or thermal interface materials (TIMs). This research work deals with the synthesis of aligned carbon nanotube carpets from the aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique, with the elaboration of nanocomposites made of different grades of epoxy matrix infiltrated within these carpets, as well as the study of both longitudinal and transverse mechanical and thermal properties of dry carpets themselves and 1D-nanocomposites separately. The synthesis conditions notably enable to vary characteristics of the differents carpets such as their thickness, their density, the mean external diameter of the carbon nanotubes (CNT), the intertube space and the CNT volume fraction, whereas their crystalline structure can be modified with a high temperature thermal treatment. The main goal of this work is to prove and quantify the effect of some of the characteristics of the carbon nanotubes carpets on both mechanical and thermal properties of the different kinds of CNT carpets and resulting composite materials. The two impregnation methods used, liquid way and infusion, lead to dense CNT carpets with a preserved alignment of the CNT and an homogeneous distribution of these latest within the epoxy system. The CNT volume content is evidenced as the key-parameter exacerbating the mechanical and thermal properties mainly in the longitudinal direction compared with the alignment axis of the CNTs. Moreover the mechanical and thermal conduction properties of the CNT carpets and the 1D-nanocomposites are clearly increased when the crystalline structure of the CNT is improved. The significant increasing of the properties brought by the vertically aligned CNT within these anisotropic 1D-nanocomposites compared with the only organic matrixes is promising and opens new pathways aiming to meet the latest specifications related to multifunctionnality in fields such as aeronautics and aerospace
Porcher, Marina. "Matériaux nanostructurés polymères conjugués/nanotubes de carbone verticalement alignés pour la réalisation de supercondensateurs." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4025/document.
Full textThis thesis focused on the elaboration of nanostructured composite materials based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (aligned CNT) and π-conjugated polymers and their use as electrode materials in supercapacitor-type energy storage devices. The first part focused on aligned CNT growth by aerosol-assisted CVD on stainless steel substrates and the deposition of a SiOx ceramic sublayer. Thanks to the optimization of this growth process, long, dense, and aligned CNT carpets which can directly act as support for the electrodeposition of π-conjugated polymers were obtained. The second part focused on the electrodeposition of poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) in EMITFSI ionic liquid medium on aligned CNT carpets using a “pulsed” chronopotentiometric method to produce homogeneous deposits in the depth of the carpets. An optimal P3MT mass composition of 70 %, which helped achieve a specific capacitance of 170 F.g-1 of polymer while maintaining high charge-discharge kinetics, compared with NTC/P3MT entangled composites, was determined. NTC/P3MT // P3MT/NTC symmetrical devices and CA // P3MT/NTC hybrid devices were assembled using the optimized composite materials. The hybrid device reached a voltage of 2.7 V and a system capacitance of 26 F.g-1 in EMITFSI at 25 ° C. Furthermore, a maximum energy of 23 Wh.kg-1 and a maximum power of 6.9 kW.kg-1 were obtained with only a 7 % loss after 4000 cycles. Finally, the electrodeposition of polypyrrole (Ppy) was investigated in different protic and aprotic ionic liquids. After quartz crystal microbalance studies in order to better understand the insertion mechanisms of ionic species during conjugated polymer growth and during its reversible positive doping, the electrodeposition of Ppy within the deepness of the aligned CNT carpets was optimized. Aligned CNT/Ppy nanocomposites with specific capacitances ranging between 100 and 130 F.g-1 were obtained
Roussel, Florent. "Élaboration et étude des propriétés électriques d'un matériau composite nanotubes de carbone alignés - époxy." Phd thesis, École Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00794345.
Full textNassoy, Fabien. "Développement et étude de la synthèse par CVD à basse température de nanotubes de carbone alignés sur substrat d’aluminium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS083.
Full textSupercapacitors, with fast charge / discharge cycles, represent an interest for energy storage. Carbon nanomaterial have a great potential as electrode as compared to common activated carbon based electrodes. CEA, Nawatechnologies, university Tours and Cergy develop electrodes based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on aluminium substrate in a joint laboratory. In this context, the aim of my thesis is to develop and understand the growth of VACNT on aluminum foil by aerosol assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). At the beginning of my thesis, this technique was mastered by the LEDNA (UMR-NIMBE), but only for relatively high temperatures (>800°C). The challenge was therefore to extend this method to respond to the use of aluminium as a substrate, which necessitated a lowering of the growth temperature of VACNT below the melting point of Al (660°C). In this case, the catalytic and carbonaceous precursors used at higher temperatures do not decompose effectively, so it was necessary to add two compounds : hydrogen which increases decomposition of the catalyst precursor [3] and acetylene with a catalytic and thermal decomposition more favorable around 600° C [5]. Therefore, the approach in this work is first to identify the most relevant synthesis parameters to reach VACNT growth at such a low temperature by varying them and analyzing subsequently the products obtained. Moreover, attention is paid on study of Al surface before growth or during the initial steps of VACNT growth, and of CNT / Al interface to understand VACNT formation mechanisms at lower temperatures
Desgranges, Cédric. "Optimisation d'électrodes à base de VACNT sur collecteur d'aluminium pour supercondensateurs de hautes performances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4040.
Full textThis work focuses on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown on anuminium substrate as electrodes materials for supercapacitors with high performances. In a first place, symmetric supercapacitors has delivered a very high powwer density of 400 kW.kg-1 in a classical electrolyte composed of Et4NBF4 in acetonitrile at 1 mo1.L-1 showing very fast kinetics inside the carpet. The deposition of an additional carbon inside the carpet has increased the areal capacitance of one order magnitude (405 mF.cm²). In a seconde place, electrodeposition of poly(3-methylthiophène) has been realized in a mixture of (EMIM] [BF4] and acetonitrile (1/1wt) in order to increase the capacitance of the nanotubes (800 mF.cm-²). Three configurations has been tested. An asymmetric one composed of P3MT/VACNT activated carbon that reach (27Wh.kg-1, 40kW.kg-1) that exceeds the standard supercapacitor in every poinit. An hybrid system P3MT/VACNT/graphite (163 Wh.kg-1, 1,4 kW.kg-1) that showed the best energy density and finally an hybrid P3MT/VACNT/LTD (44 Wh.kg-1, 3kW.kg-1) whose performances are intermediates
Pibaleau, Baptiste. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'électrodes VACNT/MnO2 pour application aux supercondensateurs hybrides." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4034/document.
Full textThis thesis was focused on the development, optimization and study of composite electrodes of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on an aluminum collector and modified with manganese oxide (MnO₂).VACNT were synthesized by a CVD process at low temperature (580° C) directly on the collector. Perfectly aligned CNT forest with a thickness of 20 to 80 μm were obtained with high densities of 10¹¹ NTC.cm² and whose catalyst (Fe) content is less than 1%. Their modification with MnO₂ increase their electrochemical storage capacity. In order to achiew optimal coating of VACNT by MnO₂, different precursors of the oxide and various methods ( electrochemical, chemical, CVD) were used and optimized. Composites were studied as electrode material for the realization of asymmetric supercapacitors in aqueous media. In addition, structurals, morphologicals and electrochemicals analyzes carried out on the different materials allowed a better understanding of the role of the elaboration's conditions on the properties of the VACNT/MnO₂ composites obtained
Castro, Celia. "Mécanismes de croissance de nanotubes de carbone alignés : relation catalyseur - nanotube." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508509.
Full textCastro, Célia. "Mécanismes de croissance de nanotubes de carbone alignés : relation catalyseur-nanotube." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112273.
Full textThe field of nanoscience which is developing intensively, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attracting strong interest because of their particular properties resulting of their special structure. To control and optimize manufacturing processes, it is important to understand the mechanisms governing their growth. Among the synthesis methods of CNTs, the aerosol-assisted CCVD (Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition) process, developed in Laboratoire Francis Perrin, allows the continuous and rapid growth of aligned and clean Multi-Walled CNT by the simultaneous injection of liquid carbonaceous precursor (toluene) and catalyst precursor (metallocene). Our main objective was to understand how the chemical transformation of metallocene into catalyst particles, what is the exact nature of catalyst particles, what are the parameters controlling their activity and finally how the catalytic species progress to enable the growth of CNTs. From an experimental approach involving a systematic study of products all along the furnace for different thermodynamic (flow and cooling step) and chemical (concentration of precursors, introduction of reducing gas) conditions, we demonstrate a homogeneous nucleation of particles of iron in the gas phase occurring before the isothermal area followed by their gradual deposition along the furnace. The catalytic particles located at the base of the aligned nanotube carpet are semi-molten iron saturated with carbon that is fed continuously by the catalytic species which diffuse all along the CNT carpet to its base