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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanotechnology – Social aspects'
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Dong, Shu Chun. "Research on Nano Materials in the Chemical Aspects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.118.
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The nanotechnology is of great significance to the country's future economic, social development and national security, and it will bring a revolutionary change to the medicine, manufacturing, materials and information communication and other industries, therefore, in recent years, nanoscience and technology is greatly favored all over the world especially in developed countries. All the countries (areas) in the world have developed the nanotechnology as the main driver of the technical innovation in the twenty-first century, and have formulated development strategies and plans, to promote and guide their development in nanotechnology, which lead to fiercer and fiercer competition. In this paper, the author mainly introduces the application of nanomaterials in catalysis, filtration, separation, paint and new fine chemical industry and so on.
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Patil, Aishwarya S. "Modern Ethical and Societal Implications of Nanotechnology." Journal of Advanced Research in Manufacturing, Material Science & Metallurgical Engineering 07, no. 04 (December 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8315.202005.
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Advancement in nanotechnology in multidisciplinary areas of health, cosmetics, automotive, electronics, food and agriculture is established. The researchers started to study and debate the social and ethical aspects in terms of benefits and risks. The study of nanotechnology starts with the proper definition of its purpose and its scope. Since nanotechnology is at an emerging stage, the study of ethics is needed and society revolving around this technology has to grow. This study will help the growth and future predictions about nanotechnology and its implications which can then be communicated to a wider audience which will build confidence and will give them the right to choose. Acceptance of advanced technology by society is the very first milestone for a longer run.
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Sandler, Ronald, and W. D. Kay. "The National Nanotechnology Initiative and the Social Good." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 4 (December 2006): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00086.x.
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DELGADO-RAMOS, GIAN CARLO. "ETHICAL, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES: A READING FROM MEXICO." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 02 (April 2013): 1340001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400014.
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The capacity to manipulate matter at the atoms scale promises such a potential that, both positive and eventual negative aspects of nanotechnology are part of current debate. Nano-applications promise to revolutionize healthcare, energy production, agriculture, environmental remediation solutions, and most of manufacturing processes; in fact some earliest products are already hitting the market. At the same time socioeconomic, legal, environmental and ethical aspects stand as issues of legitimate public concern that policy makers are faced to address. It is a context in which an open, constructive, and permanent dialogue among diverse social actors seems to be needed in order to avoid or reduce unnecessary costs and probable risks, while promoting benefits. This paper offers an overview of such aspects from Mexican perspective. After a general introduction, it describes and contrasts the promotion of nanoscience and nanotechnology worldwide and in Mexico. A brief discussion on legal aspects follows, including intellectual rights and patenting challenges ahead. Finally the need of an ad hoc regulatory framework takes us to discuss the relevance of a social dialogue and management as a democratic way of promoting a responsible development of nanotechnologies.
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Best, Robert, and George Khushf. "The Social Conditions for Nanomedicine: Disruption, Systems, and Lock-In." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 4 (2006): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00093.x.
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Many believe that nanotechnology will be disruptive to our society. Presumably, this means that some people and even whole industries will be undermined by technological developments that nanoscience makes possible. This, in turn, implies that we should anticipate potential workforce disruptions, mitigate in advance social problems likely to arise, and work to fairly distribute the future benefits of nanotechnology. This general, somewhat vague sense of disruption, is very difficult to specify – what will it entail? And how can we responsibly anticipate and mitigate any problems? We can't even clearly state what the problems are anticipated to be. In fact, when we move from sweeping policy statements to more concrete accounts, nanotechnology seems to bifurcate into two divergent streams: one is fairly continuous with current developments, extending extant science in a quantitative way; the other is radically new, and includes science fiction-like dreams of molecular manufacturing and assemblers, with their utopian (or dystopian) scenarios of absolute plenty (or runaway self-replication). In these cases, “disruption” takes on the valence of Huxley's brave new world.
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Frolov, Daniil, and Anatoly Yakovlev. "Threats and Risks of Nanoindustry Development." Equilibrium 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil2011.016.
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The paper deals with the negative aspects of nanotechnology development on the global and national scales. Possible economic, environmental and social risks and latent threats to the formation of nanoindustry and nanoproducts consumption are discussed. The conclusion about the need of intensive studies of this complex problem and development of regulatory mechanisms, legal frameworks and institutions of nanotechnology progress monitoring is made.
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Ghazinoory, Sepehr, and Reza Ghazinouri. "NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SOCIOPOLITICAL MODERNITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; CASE STUDY OF IRAN." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2009.15.395-417.
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What we must keep in mind is that although nanotechnology is an emerging and high technology, it is still technology or, in other words, it has an instrumental nature and in order to study its effect on societies we have to consider the role of instruments’ evolution in societies and study nanotechnology as the most recent part of this trend. In this article we study the nature of modern technologies, role of technology based economy on different social and political aspects of developing countries; we have a review on the concept of social and political modernity and describe how development of nanotechnology will accelerate those countries’ modernization from social and political point of view in addition to modernizing their economy. So this paper is a cross‐disciplinary study between nanotechnology and social sciences. There are two different scenarios about the future of nanotechnology. One is the proof of radical nanotechnology and the other is the acceptance of the claim that nanotechnology is only an enabling technology. In the present paper, we studied the effects of both scenarios. The obstacles to modernity in Iran and potential effect of nanotechnology on them are studied as a case study. Santrauka Nors nanotechnologija yra nauja ir pažangi technologija, ji tėra tik instrumentas. Norint įvertinti jos reikšmę visuomenei, reikia išnagrinėti panašių instrumentų raidą visuomenėse ir vertinti nanotechnologiją kaip naujausią tendenciją. Šiame straipsnyje ištirta šiuolaikinių technologijų prigimtis, technologijos vaidmuo žinių ekonomikoje skirtingais besivystančių šalių socialiniais ir politiniais periodais, apžvelgtos socialinio ir politinio šiuolaikiškumo sąvokos, apibūdinta, kaip išsivysčiusios nanotechnologijos pagreitins šalių modernizaciją socialiniu ir politiniu požiūriu be jų ekonomikos modernizavimą. Šis straipsnis yra nanotechnologijos ir socialinių mokslų tarpdisciplininė studija. Yra du skirtingi nanotechnologijos ateities scenarijai: pirmasis teigia, kad nanotechnologija sukels radikalių pokyčių; antrasis skelbia, kad nanotechnologija yra tiktai galimybių suteikimo technologija. Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėti abiejų scenarijų padariniai, tirtos kliūtys šiuolaikiškumui Irane įsitvirtinti ir nanotechnologijos poveikis šaliai.
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Kimbrell, George A. "Governance of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: Principles, Regulation, and Renegotiating the Social Contract." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 4 (2009): 706–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00442.x.
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How should we oversee new and emerging technologies and their products? What lessons can we discern from existing regulatory examples and from past mistakes? How do these lessons learned translate into informed recommendations for adequate oversight for nanotechnology to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past? The investigators of this interdisciplinary project undertook this endeavor intending to answer these questions among others.In parallel with the project team putting together this symposium, another, very different process on the oversight of nanotechnology took place. An international coalition of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) formed to address the nanotech policy dialogue. The first goal of this NGO group was to agree upon and draft fundamental principles of oversight, which it completed in 2007-08. These principles close with a call for their adoption and/or internalization by all relevant actors and bodies. In effect, they serve a function in the policy dialogue similar to that of this project’s forthcoming recommendations.
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Jotterand, Fabrice. "The Politicization of Science and Technology: Its Implications for Nanotechnology." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 4 (2006): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00084.x.
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Nanotechnology represents, in part, a technological revolution in the sense that it allows highly innovative applications of various areas of the physical and life sciences. The development of nanotechnology and nanoscience, however, intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science (in its broad meaning) can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., “pure science”). Science, through its technological applications, has become the source of economic power and, by extension, political power. Science, with its political implications, has entered what John Ziman calls the era of “post-academic science.”In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of this politicization, that is, the convergence of science, technology, politics, and economics for social and governmental purposes. At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.
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Rabajczyk, Anna, Maria Zielecka, and Justyna Gniazdowska. "Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 8876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248876.
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Extinguishing agents are a very important tool in the field of security, both in terms of private and social aspects. Depending on the type of burning substance and place of fire, appropriately prepared and developed solutions should be used. We can distinguish, among others, materials, powders or foaming agents. Modifications introduced into them, including ones based on the achievements in the field of nanotechnology, can improve their safety of use and extend their service life. Such amendments also reduce the costs of production and neutralization of the area after a fire, and increase the fire extinguishing effectiveness. The introduction of nanoparticles allows, e.g., shortening of the fire extinguishing time, reduction of the risk of smoke emission and the toxic substances contained in it, and an increase in the specific surface of particles and thus increasing the sorption of pollutants. The elaborations use metal nanoparticles, e.g., NP-Ag, metal oxides such as NP-SiO2, as well as particles of substances already present in extinguishing agents but treated and reduced to nanosize. It should be noted, however, that all changes must lead to obtaining a tool that meets the relevant legal requirements and has appropriate approvals.
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Jansma, Sikke R., Anne M. Dijkstra, and Menno D. T. de Jong. "How Can I Contribute? Citizen Engagement in the Development of Nanotechnology for Health." NanoEthics 15, no. 3 (December 2021): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11569-021-00403-w.
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AbstractScholars and policymakers have increasingly advocated to engage citizens more substantially in the development of science and technology. However, to a large extent it has remained unknown how citizens can contribute to technology development. In this study, we systematically characterized citizens’ contributions in the development of nanotechnology for health. We explored to which technology aspects citizens are able to provide suggestions on and on which values their suggestions are based. Fifty citizens in the Netherlands were asked to discuss different applications of nanotechnology for health. They were divided over eight focus groups, which lasted approximately 6.5h each. The citizens were able to contribute to various technology aspects; they mainly focused on the technologies’ implementation and use, they paid some attention to the development and system aspects, and also addressed, but less, the design and communication aspects. Their suggestions were often derived from concerns about the potential effects of the technologies and were predominantly based on the values of well-being, autonomy, and privacy.
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Aranda, Pilar, Bernd Wicklein, Cristina Ruiz-Garcia, Raquel Martín-Sampedro, Margarita Darder, Gustavo del Real, and Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky. "Research and Patents on Coronavirus and COVID-19: A Review." Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 14, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 328–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210514666201021145735.
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Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a global problem that requires the point of view of basic sciences and medicine as well as social, economics and politics disciplines. Viral particles of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as other enveloped viruses like influenza virus could be considered as an approximation to functional core-shell nanoparticles and therefore, their study enters the realm of nanotechnology. In this context, nanotechnology can contribute to alleviate some of the current challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present analysis contributed to diverse sources of general information, databases on scientific literature and patents to produce a review affording information on relevant areas where as nanotechnology has offered response to coronavirus challenges in the past and may be relevant now, and has offered an update of the current information on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 issues. Results: This review contribution includes specific information including: 1) An introduction to current research on nanotechnology and related recent patents for COVID-19 responses; 2) Analysis of nonimmunogenic and immunogenic prophylaxis of COVID-19 using Nanotechnology; 3) Tools devoted to detection & diagnosis of coronaviruses and COVID-19: the role of Nanotechnology; and 4) A compilation on the research and patents on nanotechnology dealing with therapeutics & treatments of COVID-19. Conclusion: Among the increasing literature on COVID-19, there are few works analyzing the relevance of Nanotechnology, and giving an analysis on patents dealing with coronaviruses that may provide useful information on the area. This review offers a general view of the current research investigation and recent patents dealing with aspects of immunogenic and non-immunogenic prophylaxis, detection and diagnosis as well as therapeutics and treatments.
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Munjar, Vania. "Ramifications of Nanotechnology on Common Human Disorders." Spectrum of Emerging Sciences 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55878/ses2021-1-1-12.
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This review article will go over the ramification of nanotechnology or more specifically nanomedicine and nanoparticles on human disorders. Nanotechnology is a broad field and can cover many aspects but this article’s capability is limited and will mainly go over the potential advantages and disadvantages of this upcoming piece of technology. The article attempts to put nanoparticles into perspective by offering simple ratios. It then goes on to talk about the varied types of applications of nanotechnology in fields in and outside of medicine. The article explains the two main types of targeted drug delivery systems: systemic system and pulmonary delivery and then dives deep into the specific effects of nanotechnology on a few particular human disorders like tuberculosis and more. The effects range from reduction of toxicity and minimal side effects to negative impacts on the environment and DNA exposure. We then wrap up this study by looking at prospective gaps in the field like unknown surface properties and social, economic, and legal concerns. This study is designed to give one a deeper overview of the varied range of effects that nanotechnology not only has on the human body but also on areas outside the human body. Furthermore, this study is in no way meant to impersonate someone else’s work nor convince a person to act in a certain way.
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Godman, Marion. "But is it Unique to Nanotechnology?" Science and Engineering Ethics 14, no. 3 (February 12, 2008): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-008-9052-y.
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Hogle, Linda F. "Science, Ethics, and the “Problems” of Governing Nanotechnologies." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 4 (2009): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00445.x.
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That cacophony you hear is coming from the growing number of commentators addressing ethical, social, and policy issues raised by nanotechnology. Like many novel technologies that disturb the status quo, nanotechnologies raise questions about the adequacy of oversight systems; the extent to which the technologies push legal, moral, and political boundaries; and ultimately, the implications for human health and well-being. Because nanoscale techniques and products challenge our ways of thinking about biology, physics, and chemistry, nanotechnology forces us to reconsider accepted wisdom on toxicity, mutagenicity, contamination, biocompatibility, and other interactions among humans, the environment, and technologies. The sheer scale and reach of nanotechnologies demands institutions, collaborations, and conventions that can cross-link knowledge across organizations, disciplines, and locales. If ever there was an occasion to rethink the limits of disciplinary-specific knowledge, norms about regulatory processes, and societal implications of new technologies, nanotechnologies provide the opportunity.
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Berne, Rosalyn W. "Towards the conscientious development of ethical nanotechnology." Science and Engineering Ethics 10, no. 4 (December 2004): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-004-0043-3.
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Grunwald, Armin. "Nanotechnology — A new field of ethical inquiry?" Science and Engineering Ethics 11, no. 2 (June 2005): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-005-0041-0.
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Cormick, Craig. "Piecing Together the Elephant: Public Engagement on Nanotechnology Challenges." Science and Engineering Ethics 15, no. 4 (June 19, 2009): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9144-3.
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Sandler, Ronald. "Review of Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor, and John Weckert, eds., Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology.1." American Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 8 (September 23, 2008): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160802318170.
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Iavicoli, S., BM Rondinone, and F. Boccuni. "Occupational safety and health’s role in sustainable, responsible nanotechnology: gaps and needs." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 6-7 (June 2009): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109105162.
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The newly fledged nanotechnologies offer opportunities for social development, but uncertainties prevail about their impact on human and environmental health. There is still a huge gap between technological progress and research into the health and safety aspects of nanomaterials. This is clear from the quantity of nanoproducts already on the market — more than 600 — and the public and private funds dedicated to the development of nanotechnologies, which are almost a hundred times those available for research into their effects on health and safety. Estimates have it that by 2014, nanotechnologies will be widely used in our society and ten million new jobs will be created. Therefore, it becomes essential to plan an integrated approach to specific risk analysis at work. The following gaps and needs come to light: limited information, difficulties in relating nanotechnologies and production of nanomaterials to specific areas of application, efforts required to assess the hazards posed by nanomaterials in realistic exposure conditions, ethical issues about nanotechnology in the workplace likely to arise from today’s knowledge about the hazards of nanomaterials and the risks they may pose to workers. An integrated approach to research, cooperation, and communication strategies is essential if we are to direct our efforts toward responsible and sustainable growth of nanotechnologies.
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McComas, Katherine A. "Researcher Views About Funding Sources and Conflicts of Interest in Nanotechnology." Science and Engineering Ethics 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2011): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9264-4.
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Stavrou, Dimitris, Emily Michailidi, and Giannis Sgouros. "Development and dissemination of a teaching learning sequence on nanoscience and nanotechnology in a context of communities of learners." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 19, no. 4 (2018): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8rp00088c.
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Introducing Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NST) topics into school science curricula is considered useful for an in-depth understanding of the content, processes and nature of science and technology, and also for negotiating the social aspects of science. This study examines (a) the development of an inquiry-based Teaching–Learning Sequence (TLS) on NST topics, which incorporates socio-scientific issues and out-of-school learning environments and (b) the dissemination of the developed TLS through the training of further teachers. In both cases, a participatory design, in particular Communities of Learners (CoLs), was established, consisting of teachers, science researchers, science education researchers and science museum experts. As a theoretical framework for the TLS development, the Model of Educational Reconstruction is used. The qualitative analysis of the obtained data highlights that teachers’ interactions with colleagues in the CoL on issues regarding the educational reconstruction of the different aspects of the TLS impact the process of its development. Regarding the dissemination of the TLS, the findings indicate that teachers modified several elements of the TLS and particularly the included activities, influenced by their mentors’ prior experience and their own rich contextual knowledge. Finally, guidelines for the development and dissemination of a TLS are discussed.
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Lamri, Melisa, Tanima Bhattacharya, Fatma Boukid, Imene Chentir, Amira Leila Dib, Debashrita Das, Djamel Djenane, and Mohammed Gagaoua. "Nanotechnology as a Processing and Packaging Tool to Improve Meat Quality and Safety." Foods 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112633.
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Nanoparticles are gaining momentum as a smart tool towards a safer, more cost-effective and sustainable food chain. This study aimed to provide an overview of the potential uses, preparation, properties, and applications of nanoparticles to process and preserve fresh meat and processed meat products. Nanoparticles can be used to reinforce the packaging material resulting in the improvement of sensory, functional, and nutritional aspects of meat and processed meat products. Further, these particles can be used in smart packaging as biosensors to extend the shelf-life of fresh and processed meat products and also to monitor the final quality of these products during the storage period. Nanoparticles are included in product formulation as carriers of health-beneficial and/or functional ingredients. They showed great efficiency in encapsulating bioactive ingredients and preserving their properties to ensure their functionality (e.g., antioxidant and antimicrobial) in meat products. As a result, nanoparticles can efficiently contribute to ensuring product safety and quality whilst reducing wastage and costs. Nevertheless, a wider implementation of nanotechnology in meat industry is highly related to its economic value, consumers’ acceptance, and the regulatory framework. Being a novel technology, concerns over the toxicity of nanoparticles are still controversial and therefore efficient analytical tools are deemed crucial for the identification and quantification of nanocomponents in meat products. Thus, migration studies about nanoparticles from the packaging into meat and meat products are still a concern as it has implications for human health associated with their toxicity. Moreover, focused economic evaluations for implementing nanoparticles in meat packaging are crucial since the current literature is still scarce and targeted studies are needed before further industrial applications.
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Castelfranchi, Yuri, and Nico Pitrelli. "Socialization of scientific and technological research: further comments." Journal of Science Communication 08, no. 04 (October 30, 2009): C01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.08040301.
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Research systems are increasingly required to be more practically oriented and to address issues which appear more promising in economic and social results, with special reference to trans-disciplinary research fields, such as nanotechnology or ICTs; policy makers show a sharp tendency to establish research priorities and to drive research systems; universities and research institutions are asked to be more transparent and open to dialogue with social actors on contents, impacts, ethical implications and practical applications of scientific and technological research. These transformations affecting both the ways in which science and technology are produced and their relationships with society pose new challenges to European research. All the aspects of research activities are concerned, including the life of the research groups, the approaches to scientific evaluation, the development of European research policies and the interaction between researchers with their social environment. Continuing a reflection started in the last issue of JCOM, Luisa Prista, Evanthia Kalpazidou-Schmidt, Brigida Blasi, Sandra Romagnosi and Miguel Martínez López offered their contribution in identifying some of the key implications and risks which these changes are bringing about, mainly in the perspective of the construction of the European Research Area.
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Ermakova, Zh A. "Orenburg State University as an Agent of Regional Development." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 10 (December 3, 2018): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-10-97-107.
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The article presents the analysis of Orenburg State University multifunctional activity in the context of solving tasks of socio-economic and technological development of the region. Strategic tasks of University’s activities in the regional context include the development of the territory, enhancing the quality of life, development of the advanced technologies, both technical and social, development of human resources. Educational and research activities of the University provide personnel and technological support of the priority areas of Orenburg region development. key aspects of personnel and innovation-technological support of the Orenburg region development trends are indicated, such as machine building, construction, biotechnology, IT, nanotechnology, power saving, tourism. The issues of education, science and industry integration as well as international cooperation development are highlighted. The article dwells on the realization of the “university’s third mission”, its societal duties and contribution to the development of the region.
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Blanco-Llamero, Cristina, Joel Fonseca, Alessandra Durazzo, Massimo Lucarini, Antonello Santini, Francisco J. Señoráns, and Eliana B. Souto. "Nutraceuticals and Food-Grade Lipid Nanoparticles: From Natural Sources to a Circular Bioeconomy Approach." Foods 11, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152318.
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Nutraceuticals have gained increasing attention over the last years due to their potential value as therapeutic compounds formulated from natural sources. For instance, there is a wide range of literature about the cardioprotective properties of omega-3 lipids and the antioxidant value of some phenolic compounds, which are related to antitumoral activity. However, the value of nutraceuticals can be limited by their instability under gastric pH and intestinal fluids, their low solubility and absorption. That is why encapsulation is a crucial step in nutraceutical design. In fact, pharmaceutical nanotechnology improves nutraceutical stability and bioavailability through the design and production of efficient nanoparticles (NPs). Lipid nanoparticles protect the bioactive compounds from light and external damage, including the gastric and intestinal conditions, providing a retarded delivery in the target area and guaranteeing the expected therapeutic effect of the nutraceutical. This review will focus on the key aspects of the encapsulation of bioactive compounds into lipid nanoparticles, exploring the pharmaceutical production methods available for the synthesis of NPs containing nutraceuticals. Moreover, the most common nutraceuticals will be discussed, considering the bioactive compounds, their natural source and the described biological properties.
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Doury, Marianne, and Assimakis Tseronis. "The place of counter discourse in two methods of public deliberation." Argumentation in political deliberation 2, no. 1 (May 13, 2013): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.2.1.04dou.
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In this paper, we examine two methods of public participation, namely consensus conference (conférence de citoyens) and public hearing (débat public). While both methods are used in order to involve the public in decision making about science and technology policy, they differ in a number of aspects. Consensus conference seeks the active participation of a selected group of citizens who are expected to elaborate cooperatively a text of recommendations. Public hearing seeks to inform the public and to collect as many reactions by it as possible. In our analysis, we consider the characteristics of these two methods described in the social and political sciences literature as institutional constraints that can play a role in the production of argumentative discourse. We focus our study on the discourse produced in two concrete instances of the application of these participatory methods on the deliberation over the development of nanotechnology in France. More specifically, we study the expression of counter discourse and seek to describe how the participants in the two deliberation processes end up managing the institutional constraints in order to have their criticisms expressed. In this way, we propose a bottom-up approach to the theorization of the role that institutional context plays in the practice of argumentation, and discuss the descriptive adequacy of existing definitions of the deliberative genre within argumentation studies.
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Nadtochii, Iryna. "Transformation of territories and reengineering of business processes as basic management technologies." Economies' Horizons, no. 3(14) (November 23, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.3(14).2020.234890.
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The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to define new concepts of transformation and reengineering of business processes, their types, properties and research of significance in the development of territories. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the scientific works of scientists in the study of business process management in the system of competitive development of territories. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: theoretical generalization – providing the basic characteristics of models of economic development in the conditions of transformational changes in national economies; methods of positive and normative analysis – to determine the strategy and priorities for the transformation of regional development. Results. It is proved that transformation is a permanent form of life, a movement in which old and new coexist, in certain conditions innovative spheres survive and develop, such as material and technical and social base of scientific and technological progress, reforms, social consequences and sometimes negative for society neoplasms and deformities. Reforms do not stop historical, evolutionary transformations, they give them new impulses, directions, limit or expand the scale of their impact on all aspects of society. It is substantiated that the strategy of “catching up” and the strategy of “advanced technologies” should be implemented simultaneously, not in turn, as their common goal is to achieve a new technological level of the Ukrainian economy. It is determined that the strategy of “catching up” can be used in the manufacture of household appliances, engines and in the automotive and chemical industries. It is proved that Ukraine can and should pursue a strategy of “advanced technologies” in the production of certain weapons, aerospace and shipbuilding industry, chemical, heavy and energy engineering, transport, information technology, participate in global cooperation in nanotechnology and biotechnology. Prospects for the transformation of territories are identified, including: transition from extensive to intensive management methods, implementation of programs to increase regional production of goods, priority of small farms, development of social reforms, priority of small farms, restructuring of the regional economy. Practical meaning. Models of economic development for transformational changes in national economies can be used by regional public authorities. Prospects for further research. Study of strategy and priorities for regional development transformation.
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Soran, Prof Dr Haluk. "Message from editor." World Journal of Environmental Research 7, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v7i1.2382.
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Message from EditorDear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish seventh volume, first issue of World Journal of EnvironmentalResearch (WJER). The journal welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literaturereview articles focusing on environmental issues. World Journal of Environmental Research is aninternational peer-refereed journal which publishes global research articles about all aspects ofenvironmental areas with the aim of sharing the findings of different environmental issues to providecontributions to the scientific studies.The scope of the journal includes major topics such as environmental agriculture, environmentalbiology, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, environmental health,environmental nanotechnology, environmental microbiology, environmental toxicology,environmental pollution and monitoring, environmental zoology, environmental ethics andbiosciences, environmental informatics, environmental biochemistry, environmental genetics,environmental botany, environmental issues related to biosciences, environmental biophysics,environmental geology.Squash seed oil as thermal stabilizer, the role of integrated conservation development programs inNepal, social responsibility of media on environmental dangers, heavy metals in some moss speciesand national energy strategies of Germany and Turkey topics have been included into this issue. Thetopics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you withour journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2017 Volume.A total number of twelve (12) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has beensubjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At theend of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected andaccepted for publication.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Best regards,Prof. Dr. Haluk SoranEditor – in Chief
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Sadchenko, Olena V. "Convergence of Neuromarketing Technologies in Modern Conditions of Economic Development." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 3 (2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.93.09.
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During periods of socio-economic, innovative-ecological and political transformations, the social system may not perform its functions, which will lead to a disruption of the sustainable of public life. The economy of transformation is a part of the societal system that contributes to the change of the client himself and his needs and demands. These processes are manifested in ignoring generally recognized economic and environmental values, political, ideological, cultural and moral. The development of technologies in the past was usually determined over long periods by some one discovery or progress in one area, today with the development of digitalization, the universal introduction of information technologies in various spheres of life: services, production and economic activities, education, culture, etc. etc., there is a convergence of economics, management and marketing in a short time frame. This phenomenon is caused by the rapid development of information and communication technologies, microelectronics, microbiology, simulations, nanomanipulations, “strong” artificial intelligence in most countries of the world. We believe that the convergence of information technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology and cognitive science is especially significant. And in such modern convergent conditions, neuromarketing technologies are rapidly developing at a new level. The development and application of neuromarketing technologies deserve study so that there is no further ethical "shock" and coercion to buy at an unconscious level. Such technologies were used earlier in various fields of economic activity, in psychology and in solving other issues. Neuromarketing technologies are changing ideas about the environment: nature, man, mind. It is difficult to describe the results of such transformation processes, where all aspects of human life are subject to change.
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Soni, Ghanshyam Das. "ADVANTAGES OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3121.
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Technology is application of knowledge to practical requirements. Green technologies encompass various aspects of technology which help us reduce the human impact on the environment and create ways of sustainable development. Social equitability, economic feasibility and sustainability are the key parameters for green technologies. Today the environment is racing towards the tipping point at which we would have done permanent irreversible damage to the planet earth. Our current actions are pulling the world towards an ecological landslide which if happens would make destruction simply inevitable. Green technologies are an approach towards saving earth. Thus both its positives and negatives need to be investigated. Green technology uses renewable natural resources that never depletes. Green technology uses new and innovative energy generation techniques. Green nanotechnology that uses green engineering and green chemistry is one of the latest in green technologies. One of the important factors for environmental pollution is the disposal of waste. Green technology has answers to that as well. It can effectively change waste pattern and production in a way that it does not harm the planet and we can go green. Among the possible areas where these creations and growth are expected to come from include green energy, organic agriculture, eco-friendly textiles, green building constructions, and manufacturing of related products and materials to support green business. Because this is but new to the industry, it is also expected to attract new customers who will see the many advantages of using green technologies in their homes and others. Besides other forms of green technology in field of generation of energy are done by solar power and fossil fuel. These have no adverse effect on the planet and it won’t replenish. So future generation can also benefit from them without harming the planet. This paper focuses on the advantages of green technology and the benefits that can be accrued out of it.
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Martel Estrada, Santos Adriana. "Reflexiones éticas relacionadas con el uso e investigación de la nanotecnología." Revista Espacio I+D Innovación más Desarrollo XI, no. 29 (February 1, 2022): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31644/imasd.29.2022.a05.
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Actualmente, la nanotecnología es un área emergente del conocimiento de carácter interdisciplinario. Abarca diversas aplicaciones que incluyen la biomédica, alimentos, energía, armamentista e industrial. A pesar del potencial de sus aplicaciones, en este momento surge la necesidad de considerar éticamente los beneficios y riesgos que representa el uso y desarrollo de la nanotecnología para los ecosistemas natural, económico y social. En este documento se analizan cuestiones éticas del uso de la nanotecnología, incluyendo aspectos normativos y análisis de riesgo desde el punto de vista de sus dimensiones bioéticas. Es relevante una reflexión relacionada con las implicaciones éticas y bioéticas de las diferentes aplicaciones nanotecnológicas, sin dejar de lado sus posibles beneficios y amenazas. En general, esta reflexión conduce a la necesidad de que los investigadores influyan para que el marco normativo nacional e internacional no limite el desarrollo del avance científico, pero que sí asegure que dicho progreso no atente contra la seguridad de los seres humanos y del planeta en general.
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Waqas, Hassan, Mowffaq Oreijah, Kamel Guedri, Sami Ullah Khan, Song Yang, Sumeira Yasmin, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Omar T. Bafakeeh, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, and Ahmed M. Galal. "Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux." Crystals 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091308.
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Background: The improvement of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is practical for different processes such as drug delivery, manufacturing of crystals, polymer processing, food and drink, cancer treatment, oil and gas, paper making and for many more. The bioconvection phenomenon has engrossed the attention of numerous researchers for its many applications in biotechnology, mechanical and electrical engineering. Bioconvection nanofluids are more prominent in the fields of biomedicine, pharmacy, nanodrug delivery, biomedical, automotive cooling and the military. Purpose: The major purpose of the current work was to determine the numerical and statistical analysis of a novel thermal radiation and exponential space-based heat source on the bioconvective flow of a pseudoplastic 3D nanofluid past a bidirectional stretched Riga surface. The behavior of the Arrhenius activation energy (AAE) and thermal radiation are also disclosed. Methodology: Suitable similarity transformations were used to transmute the partial differential equations of the flow-modeled phenomena into the structure of ordinary differential ones. The numerical solutions for the renewed set of ODEs were tackled by the bvp4c shooting algorithm built-in MATLAB software. Furthermore, the statistical analysis was computed by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Research implications: The numerical analysis is valid for the incompressible three-dimensional, magnetized flow of a pseudoplastic bioconvection nanofluid through a bidirectional surface with Riga plate aspects in the occurrence of activation energy. Social implications: The flow across three dimensions has quite important implementations in various fields, for example, polymer production, material production technology, the manufacturing of nano-biopolymer computer graphics, industry, powered engineering, aeroplane configurations, etc. The current analysis is more applicable in nanotechnology. Results: The consequences of flow control parameters over flow profiles were studied and explained under the graphic structures. Numerical outcomes were computed and discussed in detail. From the results, it was noted that the velocity field was increased via a larger mixed convection parameter. The temperature distribution was boosted via the thermal Biot number. The concentration of nanoparticles declined via the greater Lewis number. Furthermore, the motile microorganisms field was reduced via the Peclet number. Originality: Until now, no investigation has been recognized to examine the consequences of the bioconvection flow of three-dimensional pseudoplastic nanofluids past a Riga plate containing motile microorganisms utilizing the shooting method called bvp4c. Conclusions: From the results, it was concluded that nanofluids are more helpful for heat transfer increments. Furthermore, from the experimental design observed, the response declined via the thermophoresis parameter, which was significant from the ANOVA observed model.
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Santosa, Wahyu Yun. "PATENT ON NANOTECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA AND ITS LEGAL CHALLENGE." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 28, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16733.
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Abstract“A basis for the next technological revolution”, could be the exact phrase to express the giant leap made with the development of nanotechnology, which is defned as a branch of engineering that deals with creating objects smaller than 100 nm in dimension. Challenges, in its own distinctive indeed, brought by nanotechnology to our social aspect, notably: (i) handling matter at the atomic scale means that qualitatively different behavior needs to be taken into account, and (ii) regarding to the use for humankind, introduces the problem of handling vast number of entities. This article aims to seek the answer the challenge lies before nanotechnology development in Indonesia: the Patent. To what extent national legal framework on patent could encounter this rapid development of nanotechnology. Further the article focusses on the legal framework needed to guarantee the patent for nanotechnology.Intisari“Teknologi berkembang secepat lompatan kuantum” mungkin bisa menjadi gambaran kondisi saat ini, ketika teknologi berkembang begitu cepat, sementara kerangka kebijakan tertatih di belakang. Belum selesai pembahasan bioteknologi, kita berjumpa dengan nanoteknologi sebagai “basis dari revolusi teknologi selanjutnya”. Nanoteknologi berkaitan dengan obyek yang berukuran lebih kecil dari 100 nanometer (10-6) dalam dimensinya. Tantangan hukumnya jelas menjadi sangat unik karena kekhasan karakter nanoteknologi, sementara itu tren perkembangannya di Indonesia juga cukup maju. Beberapa paten yang didaftarkan dan dimiliki oleh Mochtar Riadi Center for Nanotechnology sebagai contoh menunjukkan fakta hukum yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan begitu saja.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan satu isu terkait nanoteknologi di Indonesia, yaitu terkait paten. Pada jangkauan apa kerangka hukum nasional dapat beradaptasi dengan perkembangan yang pesat dari nanoteknologi ini. Selanjutnya artikel ini berfokus untuk memaparkan kerangka kebijakan untuk nanoteknologi di Indonesia.
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Vandenbunder, B. "Nouveaux objets, nouveaux acteurs, nouveau enjeux éthiques : les interfaces entre biologie, nanotechnologie et informatique." Éthique & Santé 7, no. 1 (March 2010): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2009.12.001.
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Ostapenko, Tetiana, Igor Britchenko, and Valentyna Marchenko. "Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 13 (113) (October 31, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243072.
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The definition of nanoeconomics can relate to different levels and areas of economic life. First of all, this is the nanolevel of the economic system. As a human economy, nanoeconomics provides for the allocation of an individual factor within the framework of a socio-economic phenomenon. The nanoeconomic aspect is central to the definition of inclusion. So, the inclusion of a person, as the main subject of nanoeconomics, to the formation and stabilization of economic systems is the initial one in the integration of an individual in relation to production processes and economic development. A person is involved in academic and social life by making decisions about their own business and integrating it into the sectoral and national economic space. It is proved that its indicators are the conditions for clustering the economic system. The study carried out a cluster analysis of the innovation system in a country with an economy in transition. In addition, the study outlined that inclusive phenomena in the economy are close to integration and are the opposite of segregation and isolation. It is noted that different institutions of integration can be used to form objective conditions for the development of babyeconomics. Public decisions of inclusion involve the use of Arrow's impossibility theorem. The research results can be used: – the individualistic functions of inclusion should be used in the formation of the babyeconomics, the human economy and the economy of nanotechnology; – states of inclusion must be created at all levels of the economic system; – a person and wealth are an individualistic aspect of an inclusive economy, because national wealth consists of individual wealth. Nanoeconomics is just beginning to be included in the systemic processes of inclusive economic phenomena, especially in countries with economies in transition
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Martins, Valter F. R., Manuela E. Pintado, Rui M. S. C. Morais, and Alcina M. M. B. Morais. "Valorisation of Micro/Nanoencapsulated Bioactive Compounds from Plant Sources for Food Applications Towards Sustainability." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010032.
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The micro- and nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds has resulted in a large improvement in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. These technologies serve, on one side, to protect, among others, vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, polyphenols, flavours, antimicrobials, colorants, and antioxidants, and, on the other hand, to control the release and assure the delivery of the bioactive compounds, targeting them to specific cells, tissues, or organs in the human body by improving their absorption/penetration through the gastrointestinal tract. The food industry has been applying nanotechnology in several ways to improve food texture, flavour, taste, nutrient bioavailability, and shelf life using nanostructures. The use of micro- and nanocapsules in food is an actual trend used mainly in the cereal, bakery, dairy, and beverage industries, as well as packaging and coating. The elaboration of bio capsules with high-value compounds from agro-industrial by-products is sustainable for the natural ecosystem and economically interesting from a circular economy perspective. This critical review presents the principal methodologies for performing micro- and nanoencapsulation, classifies them (top-down and/or bottom-up), and discusses the differences and advantages among them; the principal types of encapsulation systems; the natural plant sources, including agro-industrial by-products, of bioactive compounds with interest for the food industry to be encapsulated; the bioavailability of encapsulates; and the main techniques used to analyse micro- and nanocapsules. Research work on the use of encapsulated bioactive compounds, such as lycopene, hydroxytyrosol, and resveratrol, from agro-industrial by-products must be further reinforced, and it plays an important role, as it presents a high potential for the use of their antioxidant and/or antimicrobial activities in food applications and, therefore, in the food industry. The incorporation of these bioactive compounds in food is a challenge and must be evaluated, not only for their nutritional aspect, but also for the chemical safety of the ingredients. The potential use of these products is an available economical alternative towards a circular economy and, as a consequence, sustainability.
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Balaban, O. I., O. M. Venher, and O. B. Opanasyk. "Market fundamentals of organization of work in the field of stage and audio-visual arts and production." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 53, no. 53 (November 20, 2019): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-53.12.
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Background. Survival and further development is an acute problem for any modern Ukrainian repertory theater. According to the Law (which is only a framework, since it does not answer all the questions that arise), repertory theaters are non-profit organizations and exist for budget funds. The latter are steadily declining and depreciating in the conditions of market relations exist in modern Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to consider and propose methodological approaches to the development and implementation of innovations in the organization of cultural institutions in the field of cultural industries, theater, film and television. Presentation of the main material. The modern development of society is extraordinary – it is filled with changes and transformations caused by the influence of such phenomena as globalization, cheap labor, a large number of competitors. The spread of information and nanotechnology, computer networks is causing changes in the structure of organizations and cultural institutions, in particular, a reduction in their size, which, in turn, predetermines innovation as a result of a creative search for original, non-standard solutions to various problems. Globalization today is not only fierce competition. It also affects the human capital of enterprises, in particular, transforms the concept of a permanent place of work. Technogenic civilization and the rapid change of information technology make cultural institutions need to work extraordinary in such relevant areas as technology, personnel and organizational aspects of business. The most important qualities of the modern cultural space, concerning cultural and educational institutions, creative industries, are openness of thoughts and the possibility to avoid stereotypes. As a result of the development of market relations in Ukraine, cultural institutions have economic freedom, respectively, freedom in choosing directions and guidelines for development, as well as of markets for activities, determining directions for using and attracting own funds, creating a competitive policy, etc. In the same time, the following threats were identified that are relevant for any modern Ukrainian repertory theater, namely: 1) the growth of the budget deficit of the country and the region, which can suspend the budget maintenance of theaters; 2) an increase in inflation; 3) economic instability; 4) political instability; 5) the growth of tax rates; 6) a decrease in the solvency of the audience; 7) low demand from the audience for theatrical services; 8) significant variability in the needs of the audience; 9) a high level of competitiveness of other theaters and cultural institutions; 10) changes in public values; 11) low social consciousness of the population. Due to these conditions, the solution of the problem of survival and development requires the search for new strategic approaches to the organization of activities and management of these theaters, which seems quite relevant. The possibilities are contained in the Law itself, which allows theaters to earn money through various types of commercial activities. Strategically, the most promising is production, which is used by almost all foreign non-commercial theaters. The opportunities provided by “The Law on Public-Private Partnership”, 2010, in the fields of tourism, re-creation, culture and sports can be included in support of such activities. The effectiveness and profitability of cultural institutions depends on the quality of management, as well as monitoring the implementation and quality of services. The high potential of cultural institutions with an underestimation of activity and inefficient management leads to insufficient funding for the development of cultural institutions, a lack of working capital, and low material interest of workers. This situation makes it necessary to constantly increase the budget line for the maintenance of institutions. But to increase the budget revenues of cultural institutions, it is possible to use crisis management technologies. The development of crisis management methods by the management company (with an emphasis on theatrical activities) will be aimed at: protecting intellectual property and patenting by type of activity, developing and applying franchising schemes in theatrical activities; constant monitoring of the theater audience in order to identify trends in the development of culture and demand from the audience; collecting and summarizing the practice of successful European theater projects and managerial decisions to create a system of training the managerial staff of cultural institutions; collecting and analyzing information about the interaction of theaters with the external environment, tracking new trends and market contradictions; creating the basis for adjusting the regulatory framework; increasing the profitability of theaters; development of areas related to the core business; attraction and use of various types of financing (budget, grants, commercial, credit, investment funds); reduction of the budget load and the transition from current financing schemes to the financing of theater projects and programs; the creation of new financial instruments for the development of the theater, including depreciation and accumulation of income; the search for opportunities for the management company to implement external financial management and carry out financial planning, control over improving the effectiveness of theater management; creation of systems of motivation and interest of the creative team of theaters; creative audit of theatrical productions and repertoire policy, assessment of the positioning of theaters and theatrical productions. Summing up the above, we can reach the statements: 1) the rapid reduction of budget support for modern Ukrainian repertory theaters may end with a complete rejection of it; 2) under such conditions, it will be appropriate to study the experience of organizing the activities of foreign non-profit theaters that successfully survive in market conditions; 3) this becomes possible through the use of a rather specific activity called “producing”; 4) modern Ukrainian repertory theaters will have to master it; 5) for this purpose, it seems appropriate to create a "production center" in the theater, which can be started as a startup; 6) this creates a new creative and production system that becomes productive.
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Lamanauskas, Vincentas. "PREPAREDNESS OF TEACHERS TO ORGANIZE AND IMPLEMENT SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL." Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 28, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/22.28.15.
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There is no doubt that the purpose of general natural science education is the systemic study and knowledge of the basics of natural sciences and the individual, most general laws of nature. Natural science education as a process is directly aimed at assimilation of experience in the field of natural sciences (formation of the system of natural science knowledge, skills, and abilities). In the process of natural science education, a person's orientation toward nature is developed, taking into account the ideas formed in society about the system of relations between nature and man. Personal qualities based on a value approach to nature and the surrounding world are also formed and developed. Primary science education should be systemic, consistent, and of high quality. In a pilot study conducted in 2018, it was established that primary school teachers’ professional preparedness in the field of natural science education remains relevant. Although teachers tend to demonstrate various experiments, researching is not a dominating activity. Also, a similar situation is observed speaking about the use of technology in the educational process. Teacher preparedness to organise and implement science education in primary school is quite uneven. Thus, the main goal of this study is – to analyse preparedness of primary school teachers to organise and implement science education in primary school according to the main scientific fields and their knowledge (the level of knowledge) in the essential fields of natural sciences. This research study based on a prior conducted pilot study, supplements and expands it. 115 primary school teachers from more than 30 Lithuanian schools participated in the study. All subjects by gender are women. It can be reasonably stated that preparedness of primary school teachers in the field of science education is basically average. Preparedness according to the main fields of natural sciences varies quite widely. The best preparedness is fixed in such areas as environmental protection, healthy lifestyle, ecology, etc. These are the areas that express not only the natural science component but also the component of social education. However, in the fields that express the issues of chemistry and physical sciences, the preparedness, though evaluated as positive, is significantly lower. Teachers’ knowledge in the essential fields of natural sciences is also diverse. Teachers feel knowing environmental protection issues best, but the knowledge in the new fields such as Nanotechnology and Genetic Engineering is extremely low. It is necessary to consistently and systematically develop primary school teachers’ natural science competencies, i.e., the ability to organise research-based learning, practical activities in various educational environments (especially in nature). Subject preparation of primary school teachers in the field of natural sciences and especially strengthening the preparedness of future primary school teachers in the field of natural science education, and the change of study programmes in the aspect of natural science content is an urgent problem. Keywords: natural sciences, primary school, professional preparedness, science education
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Chakarvarty, Gourish. "Nanoparticles & Nanotechnology : Clinical, Toxicological, Social, Regulatory & other aspects of Nanotechnology." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 3, no. 4 (July 15, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v3i4.541.
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Undugoda, Lanka, Yohan Jayaweera, Chanaka Sandaruwan, and Gayan Priyadarshana. "Nanotechnology Trends in Food Processing and Food Packaging." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 13 (February 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230227111805.
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Abstract: Food is a basic need of every living being in the world. Food production and demand do not match well in many countries due to social, technical, and technological factors. Therefore, food industries need to be developed beyond their limits. The introduction of nanotechnology to the food industry can expand the capabilities in terms of food processing and preservation aspects directly. Furthermore, nanotechnology facilitates better thermal stability, better solubility, food security, preservation capabilities, and novel and high bioavailability foods. It is a nanometer-scale technology that operates with materials having a size range of 1-100 nanometers. This review focuses on the recent approaches to nanotechnology in the food industries. For instance, enhancement of bioavailability of food using nanoencapsulation, nano emulsification, and nanoprecipitation, nanomaterials in food packaging applications such as active packaging, improved packaging, smart packaging, antimicrobial properties of different nanomaterials, application of nanotechnology on food pathogen detection, safety issues, and future trends are the key components of this review. Recent studies and research have shown the positive results of nanotechnology and proven their importance and possibilities in contributing to the food sector. However, there are some safety concerns about nanotechnology-related applications. Therefore, lots of research are conducted on the potential risk of nanoparticles on essential organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, epididymis, testis, ovary, and uterus-like organs. Moreover, the safety issues of nanotechnology on human health, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic density increment, and apoptotic body appearance, have been reported due to some nanoparticles, including silver, titanium, and zinc oxide.
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Sweeney, Aldrin E. "Teaching & Learning in Nanoscale Science & Engineering: A Focus on Social & Ethical Issues and K-16 Science Education." MRS Proceedings 931 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0931-kk03-05.
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ABSTRACTContinuing advances in human ability to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular levels (i.e. nanoscale science and technology) offer a range of previously unimagined possibilities for scientific discovery and technological application. Paralleling these scientific advances is the increasing realization that a number of associated ethical, environmental, economic, legal and social implications also need to be explored [1]. Additionally, prominent commentators such as Mihail Roco [2] of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (www.nano.gov) have argued that “education and training [in scientific concepts at the nanoscale] must be introduced at all levels, from kindergarten to continuing education, from scientists to non-technical audiences that may decide the use of technology and its funding” (p. 1248).The paper below is structured in three inter-related sections. The first section provides a brief report on science education research conducted in the third year of an initial 3-year National Science Foundation funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates program in nanoscience and nanotechnology at the University of Central Florida. Participating undergraduate students and research faculty were asked to respond to a survey -adapted from Bainbridge [3]- that attempted to measure their attitudes to a variety of social and ethical issues currently associated with nanoscale science and engineering research. Selected findings are presented, and implications for the future of K-16 science education, undergraduate engineering education and Science-Technology-Society (STS) studies also are briefly discussed.Consideration of social and ethical issues associated with nanotechnology research will generate several implications for general scientific literacy and public science education policy. Some of these implications are addressed in the second section. Given the extent to which these new technologies are expected to impact all aspects of human experience, public scientific literacy regarding nanotechnology becomes an issue of considerable importance. Here, the onus falls on science educators at the K-12 and university levels to become knowledgeable about nanoscale science and engineering research, and to share their pedagogical expertise with nanotechnology researchers. This section of the presentation will focus on the “social and ethical issues in science” K-12 standards already present in national documents such as the U.S. National Science Education Standards, the American Association for the Advancement of Science's Project 2061 Benchmarks for Scientific Literacy, and the British National Curriculum. Specific examples from current research in nanoscale science and engineering are used to demonstrate how various nanoscale science/engineering concepts may usefully be incorporated into the K-12 science curriculum.The third section of the paper provides an overview of selected international efforts in K-16 nanoscale science and engineering education, and briefly discusses various instructional approaches and techniques that are likely to be useful for other science and engineering educators. Examples are used from a forthcoming book on nanoscale science and engineering education for which the author is a co-editor.
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Ding, Wenze, Kenta Nakai, and Haipeng Gong. "Protein design via deep learning." Briefings in Bioinformatics, March 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbac102.
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Abstract Proteins with desired functions and properties are important in fields like nanotechnology and biomedicine. De novo protein design enables the production of previously unseen proteins from the ground up and is believed as a key point for handling real social challenges. Recent introduction of deep learning into design methods exhibits a transformative influence and is expected to represent a promising and exciting future direction. In this review, we retrospect the major aspects of current advances in deep-learning-based design procedures and illustrate their novelty in comparison with conventional knowledge-based approaches through noticeable cases. We not only describe deep learning developments in structure-based protein design and direct sequence design, but also highlight recent applications of deep reinforcement learning in protein design. The future perspectives on design goals, challenges and opportunities are also comprehensively discussed.
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Nouri, Pouria, Narges Imanipour, Kambiz Talebi, and Mohammadreza Zali. "Exploring Positive Outcomes of Decision Making Biases in the Field of Entrepreneurial Marketing." Qualitative Report, June 8, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3280.
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Entrepreneurs make important decisions regarding different aspects of their enterprises. Given the bulk of uncertainty, complexity as well as the rapid rate of change in their business environment, entrepreneurs’ decisions, including their marketing decisions, are prone to decision-making biases. Previous research has mainly focused on the negative outcomes of decision-making biases for entrepreneurs. We argue that sometimes entrepreneurial decision-making biases could have positive outcomes, too. Ignoring these positive outcomes has led to a serious research gap in the field of entrepreneurship. Thus, in this paper, we attempted to explore positive outcomes of decision-making biases in entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions with a generic qualitative methodology. We gathered data by conducting semi-structured interviews with nascent Iranian entrepreneurs active in nanotechnology and biotechnology. The collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Our results indicate that survival in the market, overcoming the competition, propensity for innovation and growth are the main positive outcomes of entrepreneurial decision-making biases in entrepreneurial marketing. We recommend that future studies consider exploring other possible positive outcomes of decision-making biases in various entrepreneurs’ decisions.
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Buruk, Banu, Perihan Elif Ekmekci, and Berna Arda. "An ethical analysis of a prospective new paradigm of life: Nanotechnology‐enabled human beings within the framework of principlism." Developing World Bioethics, February 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12394.
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Horváth, Imre. "Designing next-generation cyber-physical systems: Why is it an issue?" Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, June 21, 2022, 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jid-220008.
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Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are seen as one of the tangible results of the convergence of advanced information technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science, and social science in addition to conventional systems science, engineering, and technologies. Designing next-generation cyber-physical systems (NG-CPSs) is a challenging matter for abundant reasons. It is not possible to consider all reasons and to address their interplays simultaneously in one paper. Therefore, this position paper elaborates only on a selected number of topical issues and influential factors. The author claims that the shift of the paradigm of CPSs and the uncertainty related to the paradigmatic systems features of NG-CPSs are among the primary reasons. Since the future of CPSs will be influenced strongly by their intellectualization, adaptation/evolution, and automation, these aspects are also addressed. It is argued that interaction and cooperation with NG-CPSs should be seen from a multi-dimensional perspective and that socialization of NG-CPSs needs more attention in research. The need for aggregation, management, and exploitation of the growing amount of synthetic systems knowledge produced by smart CPSs is seen by the author as an important emerging concern.
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Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch Távora, Fabiano, Francisco de Assis dos Santos Diniz, Camila de Moraes Rêgo-Machado, Natália Chagas Freitas, Fabrício Barbosa Monteiro Arraes, Eduardo Chumbinho de Andrade, Leila Lourenço Furtado, et al. "CRISPR/Cas- and Topical RNAi-Based Technologies for Crop Management and Improvement: Reviewing the Risk Assessment and Challenges Towards a More Sustainable Agriculture." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10 (June 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.913728.
Full textAbstract:
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene (Cas) system and RNA interference (RNAi)-based non-transgenic approaches are powerful technologies capable of revolutionizing plant research and breeding. In recent years, the use of these modern technologies has been explored in various sectors of agriculture, introducing or improving important agronomic traits in plant crops, such as increased yield, nutritional quality, abiotic- and, mostly, biotic-stress resistance. However, the limitations of each technique, public perception, and regulatory aspects are hindering its wide adoption for the development of new crop varieties or products. In an attempt to reverse these mishaps, scientists have been researching alternatives to increase the specificity, uptake, and stability of the CRISPR and RNAi system components in the target organism, as well as to reduce the chance of toxicity in nontarget organisms to minimize environmental risk, health problems, and regulatory issues. In this review, we discuss several aspects related to risk assessment, toxicity, and advances in the use of CRISPR/Cas and topical RNAi-based technologies in crop management and breeding. The present study also highlights the advantages and possible drawbacks of each technology, provides a brief overview of how to circumvent the off-target occurrence, the strategies to increase on-target specificity, the harm/benefits of association with nanotechnology, the public perception of the available techniques, worldwide regulatory frameworks regarding topical RNAi and CRISPR technologies, and, lastly, presents successful case studies of biotechnological solutions derived from both technologies, raising potential challenges to reach the market and being social and environmentally safe.
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Jankauskaitė, Gerda, and Zita Gierasimovič. "Correction of mature skin with the help of decorative cosmetics." Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 3, no. 2 (302) (February 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/slauga.2022.3.5.
Full textAbstract:
Beauty products are used to visually conceal visible aging of skin. The appropriate selection of makeup techniques and decorative cosmetics for mature age women help correct their features and conceal skin problems.
Aim. The article deals with the effect of cosmetic products on mature face skin.
Material and methods. In 2021, as many as 16 publications on the subject under discussion that appeared during the past decade, were analysed. Between 2012 and 2021, articles were published in the databases of the journals Skin Research and Technology, Psychology, Journal of Pharmaceutics, Dermatology, Cosmetics, Journal of Consumer Behaviour. All publications are in the English language, the texts are complete and easily accessible. The selected publications describe the skin aging process, the composition of beauty products, nanotechnology products and the application of cosmetic products to prevent the process of premature skin aging. Recommendations for mature skin care are provided.
Results. In the 21st century, cosmetics is widely used and is in great demand in the world market. Annually the demand increases by approximately 4.5 percent. Cosmetic products and make-up make mature face skin look more attractive. Attractive faces are perceived as much younger, the face contour is preserved, skin is firm, the size of the eyes and the area around them, and lip distraction remain unchanged. Cosmetic surgical procedures enhancing the appearance of face skin can improve psychological health of the patients; there is no evidence about how these changes effect a positive attitude of other individuals to their changed appearance, the status of an individual and his/her social wellbeing.
Conclusions. 1. Most often scientific literature is concerned with the effect of make-up on the psychological aspect – an individual’s attractiveness. 2. Beauty products and make-up techniques chosen for mature skin change the face in three directions: they change the contours of the face, skin homogeneity, contrast of the face and the size of facial features. 3. Innovative, biologically active cosmetic products have an external and therapeutic benefit to the appearance of face skin, are not only friendly to human skin and health but also are environmentally friendly.