Journal articles: 'Nanostructured metal'

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Yang, Ming, Xiaohua Chen, Zidong Wang, et al. "Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (2021): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081895.

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Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

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Maciulis, Vincentas, Almira Ramanaviciene, and Ieva Plikusiene. "Recent Advances in Synthesis and Application of Metal Oxide Nanostructures in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (2022): 4413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244413.

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Nanostructured materials formed from metal oxides offer a number of advantages, such as large surface area, improved mechanical and other physical properties, as well as adjustable electronic properties that are important in the development and application of chemical sensors and biosensor design. Nanostructures are classified using the dimensions of the nanostructure itself and their components. In this review, various types of nanostructures classified as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D that were successfully applied in chemical sensors and biosensors, and formed from metal oxides using different synthesis methods, are discussed. In particular, significant attention is paid to detailed analysis and future prospects of the synthesis methods of metal oxide nanostructures and their integration in chemical sensors and biosensor design.

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Chen, Hongjun, and Lianzhou Wang. "Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (May 23, 2014): 696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.82.

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To better utilize the sunlight for efficient solar energy conversion, the research on visible-light active photocatalysts has recently attracted a lot of interest. The photosensitization of transition metal oxides is a promising approach for achieving effective visible-light photocatalysis. This review article primarily discusses the recent progress in the realm of a variety of nanostructured photosensitizers such as quantum dots, plasmonic metal nanostructures, and carbon nanostructures for coupling with wide-bandgap transition metal oxides to design better visible-light active photocatalysts. The underlying mechanisms of the composite photocatalysts, e.g., the light-induced charge separation and the subsequent visible-light photocatalytic reaction processes in environmental remediation and solar fuel generation fields, are also introduced. A brief outlook on the nanostructure photosensitization is also given.

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Li, Xin, Yiming Guo, and Hai Cao. "Nanostructured surfaces from ligand-protected metal nanoparticles." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 41 (2020): 14314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt02822c.

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Gnawali, Guna Nidha, Shankar P. Shrestha, Khem N. Poudyal, Indra B. Karki, and Ishwar Koirala. "Study on the effect of growth-time and seed-layers of Zinc Oxide nanostructured thin film prepared by the hydrothermal method for liquefied petroleum gas sensor application." BIBECHANA 16 (November 22, 2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v16i0.21557.

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Gas sensors are devices that can convert the concentration of an analytic gas into an electronic signal. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important n-type metal oxide semiconductor which has been utilized as gas sensor for several decades. In this work, ZnO nanostructured films were synthesized by a hydrothermal route from ZnO seeds and used as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor. At first ZnO seed layers were deposited on glass substrates by using spin coating method, then ZnO nanostructured were grown on these substrates by using hydrothermal growth method for different time duration. The effect of growth time and seed layers of ZnO nanostructured on its structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. These nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and four probes sheet resistance measurement unit. The sensing performances of the synthetic ZnO nanostructures were investigated for LPG.XRD showed that all the ZnO nanostructures were hexagonal crystal structure with preferential orientation. SEM reviled that the size of nanostructure increased with increase in growth time. Band gap and sheet resistance for ZnO nanostructured thin film decreased with increase in growth time. ZnO nanostructured thin film showed high sensitivity towards LPG gas. The sensitivity of the film is observed to increase with increase in no of seed layers as well as growth time. The dependence of the LPG sensing properties on the different growth time of ZnO nanostructured was investigated. The sensing performances of the film were investigated by measured change in sheet resistance under expose to LPG gas. BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 145-153

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LI, WEN, DAISUKE ISHIKAWA, and HIROKAZU TATSUOKA. "SYNTHESES OF NANOSTRUCTURE BUNDLES BASED ON SEMICONDUCTING METAL SILICIDES." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 05 (2013): 1340011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713400110.

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A variety of nanostructure bundles and arrays based on semiconducting metal silicides have been synthesized using abundant and non-toxic starting materials. Three types of fabrication techniques of the nanostructure bundles or arrays, including direct growth, template synthesis using natural nanostructured materials and template synthesis using artificially fabricated nanostructured materials are demonstrated. CrSi 2 nanowire bundles were directly grown by the exposure of Si substrates to CrCl 2 vapor at atmospheric pressure. A hexagonal MoSi 2 nanosheet, Mg 2 Si / MgO composite nanowire and Mg 2 Si nanowire bundles and MnSi 1.7 nanowire array were synthesized using a MoS 2 layered material, a SiO x nanofiber bundle, a Si nanowire array, and a Si nanowire array as the templates, respectively. Additionally, the fabrication phenomenon and structural properties of the nanostructured semiconducting metal silicides were investigated. These reactions provided the low-cost and controllable synthetic techniques to synthesize large scale and one-dimensional semiconducting metal silicides for thermoelectric applications.

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Erb, Denise J., Kai Schlage, and Ralf Röhlsberger. "Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (2015): e1500751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500751.

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Large-scale nanopatterning is a major issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but conventional top-down approaches are challenging because of instrumentation and process complexity while often lacking the desired spatial resolution. We present a hierarchical bottom-up nanopatterning routine using exclusively self-assembly processes: By combining crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of copolymers, and selective metal diffusion, we produce monodisperse metal nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters. In situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during Fe nanostructure formation evidences an outstanding structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at the possibility of sculpting nanostructures using external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate that bottom-up nanopatterning is a competitive alternative to top-down routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. Intriguing assets of the proposed fabrication approach include the option for in situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas with ultrahigh structure densities unachievable by top-down approaches, and the potential to address the nanostructures individually. Numerous applications of self-assembled nanostructure patterns can be envisioned, for example, in high-density magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials for photonics or catalysis, or in surface plasmon resonance–based sensing.

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LIU, FEI, and DONGFENG XUE. "CHEMICAL DESIGN OF COMPLEX NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDES IN SOLUTION." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 06 (2009): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006407.

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Nanostructured materials with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications, among which, metal oxides are especially important in optics, electronics, biology, catalysis, and energy conversions. Various chemical routes have been widely investigated for the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxide particles and films. More recently, deliberately designed chemical strategies have been used to produce particles and films composed of more complex crystal structures. In this paper, we discuss some recent progresses in the design of complex nanostructures through chemical routes, emphasize particularly on metal oxides. We first review some basic concepts involved in the fabrication of complex nanostructures, including crystal nucleation and growth, shape controlling and ripening process. We then describe more recent work on the use of different methods to synthesize a wide range of complex nanostructures, including hierarchical structures, heterostructures, as well as oriented nanowires and nanotubes. Such purposely built materials are designed, and engineered to match the physical, chemical, and structural requirements of their applications.

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Valero-Navarro, Angel, Jorge F. Fernandez-Sanchez, Antonio Segura-Carretero, et al. "Iron-phthalocyanine complexes immobilized in nanostructured metal oxide as optical sensors of NOx and CO: NMR and photophysical studies." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 13, no. 04n05 (2009): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424609000796.

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This paper presents the research that is currently undergoing in our group toward the development of optical sensing layers based on iron(II) phthalocyanine complexes immobilized on nanostructured solid supports. Several FePc - N donor ligands have been prepared and coated into different nanostructured metal oxides. Optical properties, chemical variables, analytical features, selectivity rates, response times and type of nanostructure supports have been evaluated; in some cases, interesting correlations between them have been deduced. In addition, thermostability studies have been carried out, providing access to a second generation of nanostructured metal oxides.

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Chen, Huige, Run Shi, and Tierui Zhang. "Nanostructured Photothermal Materials for Environmental and Catalytic Applications." Molecules 26, no. 24 (2021): 7552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247552.

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Solar energy is a green and sustainable clean energy source. Its rational use can alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Directly converting solar energy into heat energy is the most efficient method among all solar conversion strategies. Recently, various environmental and energy applications based on nanostructured photothermal materials stimulated the re-examination of the interfacial solar energy conversion process. The design of photothermal nanomaterials is demonstrated to be critical to promote the solar-to-heat energy conversion and the following physical and chemical processes. This review introduces the latest photothermal nanomaterials and their nanostructure modulation strategies for environmental (seawater evaporation) and catalytic (C1 conversion) applications. We present the research progress of photothermal seawater evaporation based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous materials. Then, we describe the progress of photothermal catalysis based on layered double hydroxide derived nanostructures, hydroxylated indium oxide nanostructures, and metal plasmonic nanostructures. Finally, we present our insights concerning the future development of this field.

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Gerbreders, V., M. Krasovska, I. Mihailova, et al. "Metal Oxide Nanostructure-Based Gas Sensor for Carbon Dioxide Detection." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 58, no. 5 (2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2021-0036.

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Abstract To increase the sensitivity and efficiency of a gas sensor, nanostructured ZnO and Co3O4 layers were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis directly on the electrode surface, eliminating the use of binders. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the resulting nanostructured coatings were characterised by good adhesion to the surface and high porosity, which opened up the possibility of their further use in the process of developing a gas sensor. The efficiency of the obtained nanostructured coatings and their sensitivity at room temperature to various concentrations of CO2 were determined. The resistance curves of the samples were obtained as a function of gas concentration in the chamber, for Co3O4 and ZnO nanostructures.

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Han, Yang, and Zhien Zhang. "Nanostructured Membrane Materials for CO2 Capture: A Critical Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (2019): 3173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16584.

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To mitigate carbon emission from the combustion of fossil fuels, membrane is advantageous due to the fact that membrane is a thin interphase acting as a selective barrier separating two phases. This thinness, typically in the range of 100 nm to a few micrometers, provides an almost natural platform to implement functional nanostructures. In this review, the recent progress in nanostructured membrane materials for CO2 capture will be discussed, including applications in flue gas decarbonizing (CO2/N2 separation) and syngas purification (CO2/H2 separation). In addition, the fundamentals of membrane technologies are also introduced. The reviewed nanostructure formation is confined to solid state materials, including polymer with intrinsic microporosity, carbon-based membranes, zeolite, and metal organic framework.

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Wang, Guilin, Ronghua Yi, Xueting Zhai, et al. "A flexible SERS-active film for studying the effect of non-metallic nanostructures on Raman enhancement." Nanoscale 10, no. 35 (2018): 16895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04971h.

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14

Tahmasian, Arineh, Ali Morsali, and Sang Woo Joo. "Sonochemical Syntheses of a One-Dimensional Mg(II) Metal-Organic Framework: A New Precursor for Preparation of MgO One-Dimensional Nanostructure." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/313456.

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Nanostructure of aMgIImetal-organic framework (MOF), {[Mg(HIDC)(H2O)2]·1.5H2O}n(1) (H3IDC = 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid), was synthesized by a sonochemical method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The effect of concentration of starting reagents on size and morphology of nanostructured compound1has been studied. Calcination of the bulk powder and nanosized compound1at 650°C under air atmosphere yields MgO nanostructures. Results show that the size and morphology of the MgO nanoparticles are dependent upon the particles size of compound1.

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Saraeva, I. N., D. A. Zayarny, E. R. Tolordava, et al. "Electroactive nanostructured antibacterial materials." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 8 (2022): 085601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac772d.

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Abstract Thin nanostructured metal (Au, Ag) films, magnetron-sputtered on semiconductor (n-type Si) substrate under 6 V voltage exposure for 15 min, exhibit high antibacterial effect against the food pathogens S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Nanostructures were formed by femtosecond laser ablation, resulting in an array of microspots. The observed effect is caused by the emergence of submicron, laterally periodical static electric and magnetic fields, adjacent to the metal film, causing the abrupt voltage drops, which induce the hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and increase its permeability, resulting in the formation of pores (electroporation) in the membrane and the subsequent apoptosis of the bacterial cell. Additional factors, which enhance the antibacterial effect of the studied materials, are the volume convection in the liquid drop with bacterial culture, caused by the moderate heating of the substrate to 45 °C–50 °C during the electric current flow and electro-taxis of bacteria to the charged nanostructured metal film.

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Fecht, H. J. "Nanostructure formation and thermal stability of nanophase materials prepared by mechanical means." International Journal of Materials Research 94, no. 10 (2003): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0205.

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Abstract Mechanical attrition, mechanical alloying and other methods of extreme plastic deformation (high pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing) have been developed as versatile alternatives to other physical and chemical processing routes in preparing nanophase materials. Here several examples are discussed including the deformation-induced nanophase formation in powder particles, in thin-foil sandwich structures and at the surface of alloys exposed to friction-induced wear, leading to the formation of nanocrystals and, in some cases, amorphous nanostructures. This opens exciting perspectives in preparing nanostructured materials with a number of different interface types in terms of structure (crystalline/crystalline, crystalline/amorphous) as well as atomic bond (metal/metal, metal/semiconductor, metal/ ceramic etc.). It is expected that the study of nanostructure formation by mechanical means in the future not only opens new processing routes for a variety of advanced nanophase materials but also improves the understanding of technologically relevant deformation processes on a nanoscopic level.

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Zemtsova, Elena, Denis Yurchuk, and Vladimir Smirnov. "The Process of Nanostructuring of Metal (Iron) Matrix in Composite Materials for Directional Control of the Mechanical Properties." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/979510.

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We justified theoretical and experimental bases of synthesis of new class of highly nanostructured composite nanomaterials based on metal matrix with titanium carbide nanowires as dispersed phase. A new combined method for obtaining of metal iron-based composite materials comprising the powder metallurgy processes and the surface design of the dispersed phase is considered. The following stages of material synthesis are investigated: (1) preparation of porous metal matrix; (2) surface structuring of the porous metal matrix by TiC nanowires; (3) pressing and sintering to give solid metal composite nanostructured materials based on iron with TiC nanostructures with size 1–50 nm. This material can be represented as the material type “frame in the frame” that represents iron metal frame reinforcing the frame of different chemical compositions based on TiC. Study of material functional properties showed that the mechanical properties of composite materials based on iron with TiC dispersed phase despite the presence of residual porosity are comparable to the properties of the best grades of steel containing expensive dopants and obtained by molding. This will solve the problem of developing a new generation of nanostructured metal (iron-based) materials with improved mechanical properties for the different areas of technology.

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Yu, Jeong Seon, Minsik Kim, Sanghoon Kim, et al. "Characteristics of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Nanostructured Au Patterns for Biosensing." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (2008): 4548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic20.

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Periodic arrays of pseudotetrahedal-shaped gold nanoparticles were fabricated using nanosphere lithography (NSL) and examined for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The dependence of the LSPR on particle size of the periodic gold nanostructures was explored for potential application as a new biosensor. With increasing size and height of the Au nanoparticles, the absorption peak of the LSPR shifts to the longer wavelength and becomes relatively sharper. With thinner metal deposition or finer Au nanostructure, the absorption signal varies more sensitively for the changes in the Au particle size. The binding affinity study for biotin-streptavidine system on the Au nanopatterns resulted in blue-shifted absorption signal, opening up the possibility of the nanostructured Au pattern as a new LSPR biosensor.

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Shao, Huai Yu, and Xing Guo Li. "Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Nanostructured Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials Synthesized from Metal Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 924 (April 2014): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.189.

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Mg, Ni, Co, Cu and Fe nanoparticles with a particle size of 30-300 nm were synthesized by hydrogen plasma metal reaction method. Nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials (Mg-H, Mg-Ni-H, Mg-Co-H, Mg-Cu-H and Mg-Fe-H systems) were synthesized from these metal nanoparticles. In this work, the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of these nanostructured hydrogen storage materials were studied. It was found that nanostructure could significantly enhance the hydrogen absorption kinetics but the thermodynamics (desorption enthalpy and entropy) does not change with downsizing in the size range of 50 to 300 nm.

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Yin, Shuo, Chaoyue Chen, Xinkun Suo, and Rocco Lupoi. "Cold-Sprayed Metal Coatings with Nanostructure." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2804576.

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Cold spray is a solid-state coating deposition technology developed in the 1980s. In comparison with conventional thermal spray processes, cold spray can retain the original properties of feedstock, prevent the adverse influence on the underlying substrate materials, and produce very thick coatings. Coatings with nanostructure offer the potential for significant improvements in physical and mechanical properties as compared with conventional non-nanostructured coatings. Cold spray has also demonstrated great capability to produce coatings with nanostructure. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of cold-sprayed metal coatings with nanostructure. A brief introduction of the cold spray technology is provided first. The nanocrystallization phenomenon in the conventional cold-sprayed metal coatings is then addressed. Thereafter, focus is switched to the microstructure and properties of the cold-sprayed nanocrystalline metal coatings, and the cold-sprayed nanomaterial-reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings. At the end, summary and future perspectives of the cold spray technology in producing metal coatings with nanostructure are concluded.

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Ahmmad, Bashir, Kensaku Kanomata, and Fumihiko Hirose. "Controlled Morphologies of Nanostructured ZnO Films by MOCVD Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.311.

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Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method has been applied to grow nanostructured ZnO films on Si (100) substrate at temperatures ranging from 200 to 550 °C. The as-prepared films were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS analysis. The growth rate of ZnO films increases with increasing the deposition temperatures. The deposition temperatures have a drastic effect on the crystallinity and morphology of the nanostructured ZnO. Whisker shaped ZnO is formed at a temperature of 350 °C. The deposition time also affects the morphology of the particles. At 400 °C, sample with one hour deposition forms whisker shaped ZnO nanostructures whereas that of with two hours deposition forms flower-like nanostructures.

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Gyanwali, Gunanidhi. "Studying the Effect of Seed-layers of Zinc Oxide Nanostructured Thin Film for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Sensor Application." Molung Educational Frontier 10 (December 31, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v10i0.34056.

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Gas sensors are devices that can convert the concentration of an analyte gas into an electronic signal. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most important n-type metal oxide semiconductor which has been utilized as gas sensor for many years. In this work, ZnO nanostructured films were synthesized by a hydrothermal growth from ZnO seeds and used as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor. At first ZnO seed layers were deposited on glass substrates by using spin coating method, then ZnO nanostructured were grown on these substrates by using hydrothermal growth method. The effect of seed layers of ZnO nanostructured on its structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. These nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, and sheet resistance measurement unit. The sensing performances of the synthetic ZnO nanostructures were investigated for LPG. XRD showed that all the ZnO nanostructures were hexagonal crystal structure. ZnO nanostructured thin film showed high sensitivity towards LPG gas. The sensitivity of the film is observed to increase with increase in number of seed layers. The sensitivity of the film was investigated by measured change in sheet resistance under with LPG gas.

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Zaporozhetc, M. A., M. E. Grigorev, A. V. Egorov, et al. "Nanostructured metal–polymeric catalysts." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 68, a1 (2012): s246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767312095219.

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Muktepavela, F., G. Bakradze, and S. Stolyarova. "Nanostructured metal/oxide coatings." physica status solidi (c) 4, no. 3 (2007): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200673765.

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Pathak, Rajesh, Yue Zhou, and Qiquan Qiao. "Recent Advances in Lithiophilic Porous Framework toward Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124185.

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Rechargeable lithium metal anode (LMA) based batteries have attracted great attention as next-generation high-energy-density storage systems to fuel the extensive practical applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, the formation of unstable solid-electrolyte- interphase (SEI) and growth of lithium dendrite during plating/stripping cycles stimulate safety concern, poor coulombic efficiency (CE), and short lifespan of the lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To address these issues, the rational design of micro/nanostructured Li hosts are widely adopted in LMBs. The high surface area of the interconnected conductive framework can homogenize the Li-ion flux distribution, lower the effective current density, and provides sufficient space for Li accommodation. However, the poor lithiophilicity of the micro/nanostructure host cannot govern the initial lithium nucleation, which leads to the non-uniform/dendritic Li deposition and unstable SEI formation. As a result, the nucleation overpotential and voltage hysteresis increases, which eventually leads to poor battery cycling performance. Thus, it is imperative to decorate a micro/nanostructured Li host with lithiophilic coatings or seeds for serving as a homogeneous nucleation site to guide the uniform lithium deposition. In this review, we summarize research progress on porous metal and non-metal based lithiophilic micro/nanostructured Li hosts. We present the synthesis, structural properties, and the significance of lithiophilic decorated micro/nanostructured Li host in the LMBs. Finally, the perspectives and critical challenges needed to address for the further improvement of LMBs are concluded.

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Galstian, I. Ye, E. G. Len, E. A. Tsapko, et al. "Low-Temperature Thermionic Converters Based on Metal–Nanostructured Carbon Composites." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 42, no. 4 (2020): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.42.04.0451.

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Yang, Yuan, Kai Wang, Hai-Wei Liang, et al. "A new generation of alloyed/multimetal chalcogenide nanowires by chemical transformation." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (2015): e1500714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500714.

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One-dimensional metal chalcogenide nanostructures are important candidates for many technological applications such as photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices. However, the design and synthesis of one-dimensional metal chalcogenide nanostructured materials with controllable components and properties remain a challenge. We report a general chemical transformation process for the synthesis of more than 45 kinds of one-dimensional alloyed/hybrid metal chalcogenide nanostructures inherited from mother template TexSey@Se core-shell nanowires with tunable compositions. As many as nine types of monometal chalcogenide alloy nanowires (including AgSeTe, HgSeTe, CuSeTe, BiSeTe, PbSeTe, CdSeTe, SbSeTe, NiSeTe, and CoSeTe) can be synthesized. Alloyed and hybrid nanowires integrated with two or more alloyed metal chalcogenide phases can also be prepared. The compositions of all of these metal chalcogenide nanowires are tunable within a wide range. This protocol provides a new general route for the controllable synthesis of a new generation of one-dimensional metal chalcogenide nanostructures.

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Hernandez, George A., Daniel Martinez, Stephen Patenaude, and Michael C. Hamilton. "Nanostructured Amorphous Silicon on Metal Electrodes: Electrical and Optical Properties." MRS Proceedings 1551 (2013): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.897.

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ABSTRACTWe present two distinct methods to nanostructure the surface of amorphous silicon to produce unique, nanoscale surface features. One method is a dry etch process that employs a modified Bosch1 process on an advanced silicon etcher to produce needle-like features of amorphous silicon. Likewise, we also investigated metal-assisted wet chemical etching2 as an alternative method to nanostructure the amorphous silicon to produce porous-like features. The resulting surface topography leads to an optically black appearance over patterned or large areas. This is a result of the interspacing between each needle and pore that leads to a high optical absorption. Thus, we designate it as black amorphous silicon (b-a-Si). We have deposited and formed regions of b-a-Si on variety of insulating films and metal electrodes, including chrome and titanium. In this study, we characterize the electrical and optical properties of as-deposited amorphous silicon and nanostructured amorphous silicon.

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Kasian, Pristanuch, and Supakorn Pukird. "Gas Sensing Properties of CuO Nanostructures Synthesized by Thermal Evaporation of Copper Metal Plate." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.316.

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CuO nanostructures were synthesized by thermal evaporation method. Using Cu metal plate at temperature of 400oC for 24 hrs in one atmosphere of oxygen and studied structural and gas sensing properties. The CuO nanostructured were investigated by the stereo microscope (image analyzer), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope. The diameter of CuO nanowires vary from 10 nm to 50 nm and length of several 10 micrometers. The sensitivity of CuO nanostructures and response were performed at room temperature for ethanol and CO2 sensor.

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Vysikaylo, P. I. "Quantum Size Effects Arising from Nanocomposites Physical Doping with Nanostructures Having High Electron Affinit." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 3 (96) (June 2021): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-3-150-175.

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This article considers main problems in application of nanostructured materials in high technologies. Theoretical development and experimental verification of methods for creating and studying the properties of physically doped materials with spatially inhomogeneous structure on micro and nanometer scale are proposed. Results of studying 11 quantum size effects exposed to nanocomposites physical doping with nanostructures with high electron affinity are presented. Theoretical and available experimental data were compared in regard to creation of nanostructured materials, including those with increased strength and wear resistance, inhomogeneous at the nanoscale and physically doped with nanostructures, i.e., quantum traps for free electrons. Solving these problems makes it possible to create new nanostructured materials, investigate their varying physical properties, design, manufacture and operate devices and instruments with new technical and functional capabilities, including those used in the nuclear industry. Nanocrystalline structures, as well as composite multiphase materials and coatings properties could be controlled by changing concentrations of the free carbon nanostructures there. It was found out that carbon nanostructures in the composite material significantly improve impact strength, microhardness, luminescence characteristics, temperature resistance and conductivity up to 10 orders of magnitude, and expand the range of such components’ possible applications in comparison with pure materials, for example, copper, aluminum, transition metal carbides, luminophores, semiconductors (thermoelectric) and silicone (siloxane, polysiloxane, organosilicon) compounds

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Kim, Byung-Joo, Kyong-Min Bae, Hye-Min Lee, Shin-Jae Kang, and Soo-Jin Park. "A Study on Toxic Acidic Vapor Removal Behaviors of Continuously Nanostructured Copper/Nickel-Coated Nanoporous Carbons." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/546720.

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Nanostructured copper (Cu)/nickel- (Ni-) coated nanoporous carbon sheets (NCS) were prepared to improve the toxic acidic vapor (hydrogen chloride, HCl) removal efficiency of NCS using a continuous bimetal electroplating method at various metal content ratios. The surface morphology and nanostructure of Cu/Ni-NCS were observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. N2/77 K adsorption isotherms were investigated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation. HCl vapor removal efficiency was confirmed using two types of detection techniques: a gas detecting tube for low concentrations and gas chromatography for high concentrations. HCl removal efficiency was improved mainly in the copresence of nanostructured Cu/Ni clusters compared to the efficiencies of the as-received and single-metal-plated NCS. In particular, the removal efficiency of Cu/Ni-3 was increased by 270% compared to that of as-received sample, but Cu/Ni-5 showed lower efficiency than Cu/Ni-3, indicating that suitable metal composition on NCS can accelerate HCl removal behaviors of the NCS.

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32

Gahlaut, Shashank K., Anisha Pathak, and Banshi D. Gupta. "Recent Advances in Silver Nanostructured Substrates for Plasmonic Sensors." Biosensors 12, no. 9 (2022): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12090713.

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Noble metal nanostructures are known to confine photon energies to their dimensions with resonant oscillations of their conduction electrons, leading to the ultrahigh enhancement of electromagnetic fields in numerous spectroscopic methods. Of all the possible plasmonic nanomaterials, silver offers the most intriguing properties, such as best field enhancements and tunable resonances in visible-to-near infrared regions. This review highlights the recent developments in silver nanostructured substrates for plasmonic sensing with the main emphasis on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) over the past decade. The main focus is on the synthesis of silver nanostructured substrates via physical vapor deposition and chemical synthesis routes and their applications in each sensing regime. A comprehensive review of recent literature on various possible silver nanostructures prepared through these methodologies is discussed and critically reviewed for various planar and optical fiber-based substrates.

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Haslinger, Michael J., Dmitry Sivun, Hannes Pöhl, et al. "Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (2020): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091866.

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Utilizing Bragg surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal nanostructures for the use in optical devices has been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the integration of nanostructured metal electrodes into an ITO-free thin film bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, by direct fabrication on a nanoimprinted substrate. The nanostructured device shows interesting optical and electrical behavior, depending on angle and polarization of incidence and the side of excitation. Remarkably, for incidence through the top electrode, a dependency on linear polarization and angle of incidence can be observed. We show that these peculiar characteristics can be attributed to the excitation of dispersive and non-dispersive Bragg SPPs on the metal–dielectric interface on the top electrode and compare it with incidence through the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the optical and electrical response can be controlled by the organic photoactive material, the nanostructures, the materials used for the electrodes and the epoxy encapsulation. Our device can be used as a detector, which generates a direct electrical readout and therefore enables the measuring of the angle of incidence of up to 60° or the linear polarization state of light, in a spectral region, which is determined by the active material. Our results could furthermore lead to novel organic Bragg SPP-based sensor for a number of applications.

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Wu, Jinshuang, Mingzhao Ouyang, Bowei Yang, and Yuegang Fu. "Simulation of Mushroom Nanostructures with Ag Nanoparticles for Broadband and Wide-Angle Superabsorption." Coatings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081208.

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Metal nanoparticles (NPs) concentrate the energy of incident photons through plasmon resonance excitation, which allows scattering into a substrate with a high refractive index, and the radiated energy from this excitation significantly increases the optical absorption of the substrate. In this work, the effect of Ag NPs on the absorption capacity of mushroom-nanostructured Si metasurfaces was analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain method. It was observed that the absorbance in the metasurfaces with Ag NPs increased from 90.8% to 98.7% compared with nanostructured Si metasurface without NPs. It was shown that the plasmon resonance effect of Ag NPs enlarged the range of the FP cavity by about 10 times, and the electric field strength E2 increased by about four times through the combination of Ag NP and Si absorbers. Meanwhile, the effect of randomly distributed nanostructures on the absorption properties of Si metasurfaces was simulated. Additionally, the nanostructured surface with Ag NPs was insensitive to angle, which encourages the design of broadband and wide-angle superabsorption nanostructures.

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Rao, Tingke, Wen Cai, Han Zhang, and Wugang Liao. "Nanostructured metal nitrides for photocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 16 (2021): 5323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05609j.

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The morphology, size, defects and nanostructured construction of metal nitrides (MNs) are demonstrated to be critical factors in their catalytic efficiency for water spitting and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, emphasizing the importance of their synthetic methods.

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Yan, Zijie, Yu Wang, Dawen Zeng, Douglas B. Chrisey, and Min Liu. "Multifunctionalization of Nanostructured Metal Oxides." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/102976.

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Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. "The first bulk nanostructured metal." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 14, no. 1 (2013): 014202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/14/1/014202.

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Kvasnikov, M. Yu, O. A. Romanova, A. V. Pavlov, A. A. Silaeva, and Lwin Ko Ko. "Nanostructured Metal–Polymer Paint Coatings." Nanotechnologies in Russia 13, no. 1-2 (2018): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995078018010056.

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Solanki, Pratima R., Ajeet Kaushik, Ved V. Agrawal, and Bansi D. Malhotra. "Nanostructured metal oxide-based biosensors." NPG Asia Materials 3, no. 1 (2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/asiamat.2010.137.

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Narayan, Roger J., and Dirk Scholvin. "Nanostructured carbon-metal composite films." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 23, no. 3 (2005): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1897712.

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41

SINGH, R. K., R. P. SINGH, and M. P. SINGH. "ACOUSTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED METAL." International Journal of Nanoscience 07, no. 06 (2008): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x08005481.

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Ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon–phonon interaction, thermoelastic loss and dislocation damping arising from screw and edge dislocations has been evaluated in nanocrystalline copper (13 nm) in the temperature range 50–500 K, and size-dependent attenuation at a constant temperature for longitudinal and shear modes of propagation. Second and third order elastic constants have been obtained, taking the nearest neighbor distance and the hardness parameter as input data. SOEC and TOEC (obtained at different temperatures) have been used to obtain Grüneisen parameters and nonlinearity parameters, which in turn have been used to evaluate α/f2 for longitudinal and shear waves. Results have been discussed, and compared with available experimental values. It has been found that α/f2 increases with temperature and a significant contribution to the total attenuation occurs due to scattering from grain boundaries, and ultrasonic attenuation due to thermoelastic loss is negligible compared to phonon–phonon interaction, establishing that the major part of energy from the sound wave is removed owing to the interaction of acoustic phonons with thermal phonons (lattice vibrations).

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Siegel, Jakub, Barbora Vyhnálková, Tatiana Savenkova, et al. "Surface Engineering of AgNPs-Decorated Polyetheretherketone." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021432.

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Metal nanostructure-treated polymers are widely recognized as the key material responsible for a specific antibacterial response in medical-based applications. However, the finding of an optimal bactericidal effect in combination with an acceptable level of cytotoxicity, which is typical for metal nanostructures, prevents their expansion from being more significant so far. This study explores the possibility of firmly anchoring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into polyetherether ketone (PEEK) with a tailored surface morphology that exhibits laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). We demonstrated that laser-induced forward transfer technology is a suitable tool, which, under specific conditions, enables uniform decoration of the PEEK surface with AgNPs, regardless of whether the surface is planar or LIPSS structured. The antibacterial test proved that AgNPs-decorated LIPSS represents a more effective bactericidal protection than their planar counterparts, even if they contain a lower concentration of immobilized particles. Nanostructured PEEK with embedded AgNPs may open up new possibilities in the production of templates for replication processes in the construction of functional bactericidal biopolymers or may be directly used in tissue engineering applications.

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Kannadassan, D., R. Karthik, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and P. S. Mallick. "Nanostructured metal–insulator–metal capacitor with anodic titania." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 16, no. 2 (2013): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2012.10.013.

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Au, Ming, and Thad Adams. "Nanostructured metal oxides for anodes of Li-ion rechargeable batteries." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 8 (2010): 1649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0212.

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The aligned freestanding nanorods (NR) of Co3O4 and nanoporous hollow spheres (NHS) of SnO2 and Mn2O3 were investigated as the anodes for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The Co3O4 nanorods demonstrated 1433 mAh/g of reversible capacity initially and then decreased gradually. The NHS of SnO2 and Mn2O3 delivered energy densities as 400 and 250 mAh/g, respectively, in multiple galvonastatic discharge–charge cycles. The morphologic changes of the nanostructure anodes were investigated. It was found that Co3O4 NR broke down during cycles, but SnO2 NHS still maintained their structural integrity in multiple cycles resulting in sustainable high capacity. The nanostructured metal oxides exhibit great potential as the new anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries with high energy density, low cost, and inherent safety.

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Alhalaili, Badriyah, Ahmad Al-Duweesh, Ileana Nicoleta Popescu, Ruxandra Vidu, Luige Vladareanu, and M. Saif Islam. "Improvement of Schottky Contacts of Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) Nanowires for UV Applications." Sensors 22, no. 5 (2022): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22052048.

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Interest in the synthesis and fabrication of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanostructures as wide bandgap semiconductor-based ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors has recently increased due to their importance in cases of deep-UV photodetectors operating in high power/temperature conditions. Due to their unique properties, i.e., higher surface-to-volume ratio and quantum effects, these nanostructures can significantly enhance the sensitivity of detection. In this work, two Ga2O3 nanostructured films with different nanowire densities and sizes obtained by thermal oxidation of Ga on quartz, in the presence and absence of Ag catalyst, were investigated. The electrical properties influenced by the density of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) were analyzed to define the configuration of UV detection. The electrical measurements were performed on two different electric contacts and were located at distances of 1 and 3 mm. Factors affecting the detection performance of Ga2O3 NWs film, such as the distance between metal contacts (1 and 3 mm apart), voltages (5–20 V) and transient photocurrents were discussed in relation to the composition and nanostructure of the Ga2O3 NWs film.

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Ohlin, Hanna, Thomas Frisk, and Ulrich Vogt. "Single Layer Lift-Off of CSAR62 for Dense Nanostructured Patterns." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (2023): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040766.

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Lift-off processing is a common method of pattern transfer for different nanofabrication applications. With the emergence of chemically amplified and semi-amplified resist systems, the possibilities for pattern definition via electron beam lithography has been widened. We report a reliable and simple lift-off process for dense nanostructured pattern in CSAR62. The pattern is defined in a single layer CSAR62 resist mask for gold nanostructures on silicon. The process offers a slimmed down pathway for pattern definition of dense nanostructures with varied feature size and an up to 10 nm thick gold layer. The resulting patterns from this process have been successfully used in metal assisted chemical etching applications.

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KANEKO, FUTAO, MITSURU TERAKADO, TOSHIHARU SATO, et al. "NANOSTRUCTURED LB FILMS AND EMISSION LIGHT DUE TO MULTIPLE SURFACE PLASMON EXCITATIONS IN THE KRETSCHMANN CONFIGURATION." International Journal of Nanoscience 01, no. 05n06 (2002): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x02000413.

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Surface plasmon (SP) excitations have been investigated in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) Kretschmann configuration of prism/metal/Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films containing dyes. The emission light through the prism was observed using direct irradiation of a laser beam from air to the LB films, i.e., reverse irradiation. The emission intensities depend on the emission angles through the prism, nanostructure of metal and LB films, dye molecules, separation between metal and dye molecules, interactions of dye molecules, etc. The spectra is strongly depended on the emission angles, and the emission light was caused by multiple SP excitations. Nanostructured devices of LB films using SP excitations are described.

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Tatmyshevskiy, Mikhail K., Dmitry I. Yakubovsky, Olesya O. Kapitanova, et al. "Hybrid Metal-Dielectric-Metal Sandwiches for SERS Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (2021): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123205.

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The development of efficient plasmonic nanostructures with controlled and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals is an important task for the evolution of ultrasensitive sensor-related methods. One of the methods to improving the characteristics of nanostructures is the development of hybrid structures that include several types of materials. Here, we experimentally investigate ultrathin gold films (3–9 nm) near the percolation threshold on Si/Au/SiO2 and Si/Au/SiO2/graphene multilayer structures. The occurring field enhanced (FE) effects were characterized by a recording of SERS signal from Crystal Violet dye. In this geometry, the overall FE principally benefits from the combination of two mechanisms. The first one is associated with plasmon excitation in Au clusters located closest to each other. The second is due to the gap plasmons’ excitation in a thin dielectric layer between the mirror and corrugated gold layers. Experimentally obtained SERS signals from sandwiched structures fabricated with Au film of 100 nm as a reflector, dielectric SiO2 spacer of 50 nm and ultrathin gold atop could reach SERS enhancements of up to around seven times relative to gold films near the percolation threshold deposited on a standard glass substrate. The close contiguity of the analyte to graphene and nanostructured Au efficiently quenches the fluorescent background of the model compound. The obtained result shows that the strategy of combining ultrathin nano-island gold films near the percolation threshold with gap plasmon resonances is promising for the design of highly efficient SERS substrates for potential applications in ultrasensitive Raman detection.

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Wang, Xia, Hee-Min Kim, Ying Xiao, and Yang-Kook Sun. "Nanostructured metal phosphide-based materials for electrochemical energy storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 39 (2016): 14915–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta06705k.

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This study summarizes nanostructured metal phosphide-based materials for battery and supercapacitor applications and the recent progress, and provides the challenges and future research trends of nanostructured metal phosphide-based materials in electrochemical energy storage applications.

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Noah, Naumih M. "Design and Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Sensor Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855321.

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There has been an increasing demand for the development of sensor devices with improved characteristics such as sensitivity, low cost, faster response, reliability, rapider recovery, reduced size, in situ analysis, and simple operation. Nanostructured materials have shown great potential in improving these properties for chemical and biological sensors. There are different nanostructured materials which have been used in manufacturing nanosensors which include nanoscale wires (capability of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (very high surface area and high electron conductivity), thin films, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer, and biomaterials. This review provides different methods which have been used in the synthesis and fabrication of these nanostructured materials followed by an extensive review of the recent developments of metal, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and polymer nanostructured materials in sensor applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanostructured metal'

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