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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanostructure materials'
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1
Afshar, Elham N., Georgi Xosrovashvili, Rasoul Rouhi, and Nima E. Gorji. "Review on the application of nanostructure materials in solar cells." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 21 (August 10, 2015): 1550118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915501183.
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In recent years, nanostructure materials have opened a promising route to future of the renewable sources, especially in the solar cells. This paper considers the advantages of nanostructure materials in improving the performance and stability of the solar cell structures. These structures have been employed for various performance/energy conversion enhancement strategies. Here, we have investigated four types of nanostructures applied in solar cells, where all of them are named as quantum solar cells. We have also discussed recent development of quantum dot nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes enabling quantum solar cells to be competitive with the conventional solar cells. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages and industrializing challenges of nanostructured solar cells have been investigated.
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Hu, Zeyi, Wenliang Liu, and Caihe Fan. "Micro-Nanostructure Formation Mechanism of High-Mg Al Alloy." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.3016.
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Micro-nanostructured materials have superior mechanical properties compared with coarse-grained materials. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) can effectively refine grains, resulting in the formation of typical micro-nanostructures. Fine grains improve alloy strength and toughness. This review summarizes the application of several typical SPD methods for high-Mg Al alloy. The effects of different SPD methods on the microstructure evolution, micro-nanostructure formation mechanism, and mechanical properties of the high-Mg Al alloy are analyzed in sequence. Finally, the development and future of the high-Mg Al alloy micro/nanostructure regulation are described.
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Gupta, Vinod Kumar, Njud S. Alharbie, Shilpi Agarwal, and Vladimir A. Grachev. "New Emerging One Dimensional Nanostructure Materials for Gas Sensing Application: A Mini Review." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180319151407.
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Background: Nanomaterials have numerous potential applications in many areas such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis and composite materials. Particularly, one dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as nanobelts, nanorods, and nanotubes can be used as either functional materials or building blocks for hierarchical nanostructures. 1D nanostructure plays a very important role in sensor technology. Objective: In the current review, our efforts are directed toward recent review on the use of 1D nanostructure materials which are used in the literature for developing high-performance gas sensors with fast response, quick recovery time and low detection limit. This mini review also focuses on the methods of synthesis of 1D nanostructural sensor array, sensing mechanisms and its application in sensing of different types of toxic gases which are fatal for human mankind. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure-property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of 1D nanostructure sensors will have to address are also discussed.
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Yang, Ming, Xiaohua Chen, Zidong Wang, Yuzhi Zhu, Shiwei Pan, Kaixuan Chen, Yanlin Wang, and Jiaqi Zheng. "Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081895.
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Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.
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Chen, Huige, Run Shi, and Tierui Zhang. "Nanostructured Photothermal Materials for Environmental and Catalytic Applications." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 7552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247552.
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Solar energy is a green and sustainable clean energy source. Its rational use can alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Directly converting solar energy into heat energy is the most efficient method among all solar conversion strategies. Recently, various environmental and energy applications based on nanostructured photothermal materials stimulated the re-examination of the interfacial solar energy conversion process. The design of photothermal nanomaterials is demonstrated to be critical to promote the solar-to-heat energy conversion and the following physical and chemical processes. This review introduces the latest photothermal nanomaterials and their nanostructure modulation strategies for environmental (seawater evaporation) and catalytic (C1 conversion) applications. We present the research progress of photothermal seawater evaporation based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous materials. Then, we describe the progress of photothermal catalysis based on layered double hydroxide derived nanostructures, hydroxylated indium oxide nanostructures, and metal plasmonic nanostructures. Finally, we present our insights concerning the future development of this field.
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Han, Yang, and Zhien Zhang. "Nanostructured Membrane Materials for CO2 Capture: A Critical Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16584.
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To mitigate carbon emission from the combustion of fossil fuels, membrane is advantageous due to the fact that membrane is a thin interphase acting as a selective barrier separating two phases. This thinness, typically in the range of 100 nm to a few micrometers, provides an almost natural platform to implement functional nanostructures. In this review, the recent progress in nanostructured membrane materials for CO2 capture will be discussed, including applications in flue gas decarbonizing (CO2/N2 separation) and syngas purification (CO2/H2 separation). In addition, the fundamentals of membrane technologies are also introduced. The reviewed nanostructure formation is confined to solid state materials, including polymer with intrinsic microporosity, carbon-based membranes, zeolite, and metal organic framework.
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Pauly, Alain, Sahal Saad Ali, Christelle Varenne, Jérôme Brunet, Eduard Llobet, and Amadou L. Ndiaye. "Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins/Polyaniline Composites (PANI/CuPctBu and PANI/TPPH2) as Sensing Materials for Ammonia Detection." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050891.
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We combined a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI), with an organic semiconducting macrocyclic (MCs) material. The macrocycles are the phthalocyanines and porphyrins used to tune the electrical properties of the PANI, which benefits from their ability to enhance sensor response. For this, we proceeded by a simple ultrasonically assisted reaction involving the two components, i.e., the PANI matrix and the MCs, to achieve the synthesis of the composite nanostructure PANI/MCs. The composite nanostructure has been characterized and deposited on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) to construct resistive sensor devices. The isolated nanostructured composites present good electrical properties dominated by PANI electronic conductivity, and the characterization reveals that both components are present in the nanostructure. The experimental results obtained under gas exposures show that the composite nanostructures can be used as a sensing material with enhanced sensing properties. The sensing performance under different conditions, such as ambient humidity, and the sensor’s operating temperature are also investigated. Sensing behavior in deficient humidity levels and their response at different temperatures revealed unusual behaviors that help to understand the sensing mechanism. Gas sensors based on PANI/MCs demonstrate significant stability over time, but this stability is highly reduced after experiments in lower humidity conditions and at high temperatures.
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Cho, Seong J., Se Yeong Seok, Jin Young Kim, Geunbae Lim, and Hoon Lim. "One-Step Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured Silicon Surfaces and Modification of Their Morphologies Using Sacrificial Layers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/289256.
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Fabrication of one-dimensional nanostructures is a key issue for optical devices, fluidic devices, and solar cells because of their unique functionalities such as antireflection and superhydrophobicity. Here, we report a novel one-step process to fabricate patternable hierarchical structures consisting of microstructures and one-dimensional nanostructures using a sacrificial layer. The layer plays a role as not only a micromask for producing microstructures but also as a nanomask for nanostructures according to the etching time. Using this method, we fabricated patterned hierarchical structures, with the ability to control the shape and density of the nanostructure. The various architectures provided unique functionalities. For example, our sacrificial-layer etching method allowed nanostructures denser than what would be attainable with conventional processes to form. The dense nanostructure resulted in a very low reflectance of the silicon surface (less than 1%). The nanostructured surface and hierarchically structured surface also exhibited excellent antiwetting properties, with a high contact angle (>165°) and low sliding angle (<1°). We believe that our fabrication approach will provide new insight into functional surfaces, such as those used for antiwetting and antireflection surface applications.
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Paul, Sourav, Md Arafat Rahman, Sazzad Bin Sharif, Jin-Hyuk Kim, Safina-E.-Tahura Siddiqui, and Md Abu Mowazzem Hossain. "TiO2 as an Anode of High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review towards Practical Application." Nanomaterials 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122034.
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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are undeniably the most promising system for storing electric energy for both portable and stationary devices. A wide range of materials for anodes is being investigated to mitigate the issues with conventional graphite anodes. Among them, TiO2 has attracted extensive focus as an anode candidate due to its green technology, low volume fluctuations (<4%), safety, and durability. In this review, the fabrication of different TiO2 nanostructures along with their electrochemical performance are presented. Different nanostructured TiO2 materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D are thoroughly discussed as well. More precisely, the breakthroughs and recent developments in different anodic oxidation processes have been explored to identify in detail the effects of anodization parameters on nanostructure morphology. Clear guidelines on the interconnected nature of electrochemical behaviors, nanostructure morphology, and tunable anodic constraints are provided in this review.
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Erb, Denise J., Kai Schlage, and Ralf Röhlsberger. "Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (November 2015): e1500751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500751.
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Large-scale nanopatterning is a major issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but conventional top-down approaches are challenging because of instrumentation and process complexity while often lacking the desired spatial resolution. We present a hierarchical bottom-up nanopatterning routine using exclusively self-assembly processes: By combining crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of copolymers, and selective metal diffusion, we produce monodisperse metal nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters. In situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during Fe nanostructure formation evidences an outstanding structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at the possibility of sculpting nanostructures using external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate that bottom-up nanopatterning is a competitive alternative to top-down routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. Intriguing assets of the proposed fabrication approach include the option for in situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas with ultrahigh structure densities unachievable by top-down approaches, and the potential to address the nanostructures individually. Numerous applications of self-assembled nanostructure patterns can be envisioned, for example, in high-density magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials for photonics or catalysis, or in surface plasmon resonance–based sensing.
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Salvat-Pujol, Francesc, Harald O. Jeschke, and Roser Valentí. "Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 4 (November 22, 2013): 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.89.
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We present a numerical investigation of energy and charge distributions during electron-beam-induced growth of tungsten nanostructures on SiO2 substrates by using a Monte Carlo simulation of the electron transport. This study gives a quantitative insight into the deposition of energy and charge in the substrate and in the already existing metallic nanostructures in the presence of the electron beam. We analyze electron trajectories, inelastic mean free paths, and the distribution of backscattered electrons in different compositions and at different depths of the deposit. We find that, while in the early stages of the nanostructure growth a significant fraction of electron trajectories still interacts with the substrate, when the nanostructure becomes thicker the transport takes place almost exclusively in the nanostructure. In particular, a larger deposit density leads to enhanced electron backscattering. This work shows how mesoscopic radiation-transport techniques can contribute to a model that addresses the multi-scale nature of the electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) process. Furthermore, similar simulations can help to understand the role that is played by backscattered electrons and emitted secondary electrons in the change of structural properties of nanostructured materials during post-growth electron-beam treatments.
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Tatsuoka, Hirokazu, Wen Li, Er Chao Meng, Daisuke Ishikawa, and Kaito Nakane. "Syntheses and Structural Control of Silicide, Oxide and Metallic Nano-Structured Materials." Solid State Phenomena 213 (March 2014): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.213.35.
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The structural control and morphological modification of a series of silicide, oxide and Ag metal nanostructures have been further discussed with reviews of nanostructure syntheses, such as CrSi2 nanowire bundles dendrites, MoSi2 nanosheets, α-Fe2O3 nanowires nanobelts, CuO/Cu2O nanowire axial heterostructures, ZrO2/SiOx and CrSi2/SiOx core/shell nanowires. In addition, the syntheses of Ag three-dimensional dendrites, two-dimensional dendrites, two-dimensional fractal structures, particles and nanowires also were discussed. Moreover, the structural and morphological properties of the nanostructures were examined. The structural control and morphological modifications of the nanostructures have been successfully demonstrated by the appropriate thermal treatments with specific starting materials. A large volume of silicide nanowire bundles, large area of oxide nanowire arrays and large area Ag nanostructure coatings were successfully fabricated.
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Stolbovsky, Alexey V., and Elena Farafontova. "Statistical Analysis of Histograms of Grain Size Distribution in Nanostructured Materials Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.431.
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Analysis of histograms of grain size distribution of materials nanostructured by severe plastic deformation has been carried out using statistical analysis methods. It has been established that in materials with quite homogeneous nanostructure, the fitting of histograms of grain size distribution by using a logarithmic standard distribution is not accurate enough. It is proposed to compensate for the observed imprecision by including into the model the additional component – normal distribution. It is shown that this approach is applicable to nanostructured materials with both the deformation-origin nanostructure and the grain structure formed during annealing.
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Maciulis, Vincentas, Almira Ramanaviciene, and Ieva Plikusiene. "Recent Advances in Synthesis and Application of Metal Oxide Nanostructures in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 4413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244413.
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Nanostructured materials formed from metal oxides offer a number of advantages, such as large surface area, improved mechanical and other physical properties, as well as adjustable electronic properties that are important in the development and application of chemical sensors and biosensor design. Nanostructures are classified using the dimensions of the nanostructure itself and their components. In this review, various types of nanostructures classified as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D that were successfully applied in chemical sensors and biosensors, and formed from metal oxides using different synthesis methods, are discussed. In particular, significant attention is paid to detailed analysis and future prospects of the synthesis methods of metal oxide nanostructures and their integration in chemical sensors and biosensor design.
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Nocua, José E., Fabrice Piazza, Brad R. Weiner, and Gerardo Morell. "High-Yield Synthesis of Stoichiometric Boron Nitride Nanostructures." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/429360.
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Boron nitride (BN) nanostructures are structural analogues of carbon nanostructures but have completely different bonding character and structural defects. They are chemically inert, electrically insulating, and potentially important in mechanical applications that include the strengthening of light structural materials. These applications require the reliable production of bulk amounts of pure BN nanostructures in order to be able to reinforce large quantities of structural materials, hence the need for the development of high-yield synthesis methods of pure BN nanostructures. Using borazine (B3N3H6) as chemical precursor and the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique, pure BN nanostructures with cross-sectional sizes ranging between 20 and 50 nm were obtained, including nanoparticles and nanofibers. Their crystalline structure was characterized by (XRD), their morphology and nanostructure was examined by (SEM) and (TEM), while their chemical composition was studied by (EDS), (FTIR), (EELS), and (XPS). Taken altogether, the results indicate that all the material obtained is stoichiometric nanostructured BN with hexagonal and rhombohedral crystalline structure.
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Zhang, Shiying, Huizhao Zhuang, Chengshan Xue, and Baoli Li. "Effect of Annealing on Morphology and Photoluminescence of β-Ga2O3 Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 3454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.138.
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A novel method was applied to prepare one-dimensional β-Ga2O3 nanostructure films. In this method, β-Ga2O3 nanostructures have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates through annealing sputtered Ga2O3/Mo films for differernt time under flowing ammonia. The as-synthesized β-Ga2O3 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results show that the formed nanostructures are single-crystalline Ga2O3 with monoclinic structure. The annealing time of the samples has an evident influence on the morphology and optical property of the nanostructured β-Ga2O3 synthesized. The representative photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature exhibits a strong and broad emission band centered at 411.5 nm and a relatively weak emission peak located at 437.6 nm. The growth mechanism of the β-Ga2O3 nanostructured materials is also discussed briefly.
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Fecht, H. J. "Nanostructure formation and thermal stability of nanophase materials prepared by mechanical means." International Journal of Materials Research 94, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0205.
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Abstract Mechanical attrition, mechanical alloying and other methods of extreme plastic deformation (high pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing) have been developed as versatile alternatives to other physical and chemical processing routes in preparing nanophase materials. Here several examples are discussed including the deformation-induced nanophase formation in powder particles, in thin-foil sandwich structures and at the surface of alloys exposed to friction-induced wear, leading to the formation of nanocrystals and, in some cases, amorphous nanostructures. This opens exciting perspectives in preparing nanostructured materials with a number of different interface types in terms of structure (crystalline/crystalline, crystalline/amorphous) as well as atomic bond (metal/metal, metal/semiconductor, metal/ ceramic etc.). It is expected that the study of nanostructure formation by mechanical means in the future not only opens new processing routes for a variety of advanced nanophase materials but also improves the understanding of technologically relevant deformation processes on a nanoscopic level.
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Sen, Dipanjan, and Markus J. Buehler. "Shock Loading of Bone-Inspired Metallic Nanocomposites." Solid State Phenomena 139 (April 2008): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.139.11.
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Nanostructured composites inspired by structural biomaterials such as bone and nacre form intriguing design templates for biomimetic materials. Here we use large scale molecular dynamics to study the shock response of nanocomposites with similar nanoscopic structural features as bone, to determine whether bioinspired nanostructures provide an improved shock mitigating performance. The utilization of these nanostructures is motivated by the toughness of bone under tensile load, which is far greater than its constituent phases and greater than most synthetic materials. To facilitate the computational experiments, we develop a modified version of an Embedded Atom Method (EAM) alloy multi-body interatomic potential to model the mechanical and physical properties of dissimilar phases of the biomimetic bone nanostructure. We find that the geometric arrangement and the specific length scales of design elements at nanoscale does not have a significant effect on shock dissipation, in contrast to the case of tensile loading where the nanostructural length scales strongly influence the mechanical properties. We find that interfacial sliding between the composite’s constituents is a major source of plasticity under shock loading. Based on this finding, we conclude that controlling the interfacial strength can be used to design a material with larger shock absorption. These observations provide valuable insight towards improving the design of nanostructures in shock-absorbing applications, and suggest that by tuning the interfacial properties in the nanocomposite may provide a path to design materials with enhanced shock absorbing capability.
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Jakubinek, Michael B., Champika J. Samarasekera, and Mary Anne White. "Elephant ivory: A low thermal conductivity, high strength nanocomposite." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0029.
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There has been much recent interest in heat transport in nanostructures, and alsoin the structure, properties, and growth of biological materials. Here we present measurements of thermal properties of a nanostructured biomineral, ivory. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of ivory is anomalously low in comparison with its constituent components. Low-temperature (2–300 K) measurements ofthermal conductivity and heat capacity reveal a glass-like temperature dependenceof the thermal conductivity and phonon mean free path, consistent with increased phonon-boundary scattering associated with nanostructure. These results suggest that biomineral-like nanocomposite structures could be useful in the design of novel high-strength materials for low thermal conductivity applications.
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Yoon, Sang-Hyeok, and Kyo-Seon Kim. "Preparation of 1-D Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Wire Mesh by Flame Vapor Deposition Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17552.
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Flame vapor deposition (FVD) process can be used to prepare the tungsten oxide thin film which has photocatalytic activity at visible light. The FVD process is fast and economical to prepare thin film on substrate comparing to other processes. Various nanostructured thin films could be easily prepared by controlling several process parameters in FVD. One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures with high surface area also can be prepared reproducibly. The tungsten wire precursor was oxidized and vaporized in flame to be deposited onto the substrate. The nanostructure shapes can be adjusted by controlling nucleation and growth rates of tungsten oxide vapor on substrate. In this study, nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film was fabricated on stainless steel mesh by FVD process changing the process variables of FVD. We found that proper selection of suitable process conditions in FVD was quite important for the 1-D nanostructure growth on stainless steel wire mesh with high surface area, which is quite important for photocatalytic application.
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Franco, Alfredo, Jorge A. García-Macedo, I. G. Marino, and P. P. Lottici. "Photoinduced Birefringence in Nanostructured SiO2:DR1 Sol–Gel Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 6576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18428.
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Pump-probe photoinduced birefringence measurements were carried out in amorphous and in nanostructured sol–gel films with Disperse Red 1 (DR1) azochromophores embedded in a SiO2 matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns determine the long-range nanostructure order of the films, exhibiting a lamellar nanostructure, with two different d-spacings, due to the presence during the sol–gel process of the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or of the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) ionic surfactants. The photoinduced birefringence measurements were performed on fresh and on heat treated films as a function of the pumping time. The measurements give us information about the effect of the nanostructures on the azochromophores orientation dynamics. As a result, for the same azochromophores concentration, annealed nanostructured films exhibited the largest azochromophore mobilities but by the other side, amorphous films had the largest signal intensities. Besides, we established a phenomenological model for the analysis of the azochromophores orientation in the films as a function of the pumping time.
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Kalita, Dhiman, Jiten Kumar Deuri, Puspanjali Sahu, and Unnikrishnan Manju. "Plasmonic nanostructure integrated two-dimensional materials for optoelectronic devices." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 24 (February 17, 2022): 243001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac5191.
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Abstract Last decade has seen an explosion in the exploration of two-dimensional materials for optoelectronic applications owing to their novel optical and electronic properties. However, these materials, in general, are poor light absorbers with restricted spectral responsivity which limits their efficiency. Integration of these two-dimensional materials with each other and with plasmonic metal nanostructures enhances their light absorption efficiency and also influence the electronic properties. This review highlights the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials integrated with other plasmonic two- dimensional materials or with plasmonic metal nanostructures. In addition, an overview of the optoelectronic properties of plasmonic nanostructure integrated two-dimensional heterostructures is also presented.
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Jana, Malay, Anjan Sil, and Subrata Ray. "Influence of Melting of Transition Metal Oxides on the Morphology of Carbon Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.159.
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Different types of carbon nanostructure materials have been grown on nano-sized transition metal oxide based catalyst particles by catalytic chemical vapour deposition. The present investigation reveals an important role of melting or surface melting of oxide catalysts for the growth of carbon nanostructure materials. In the reducing environment prevailing during the growth of nanostructures, oxide catalysts are reduced to metals, which may act as a template for the growth of carbon nanostructure materials. Flow rate of acetylene gas is crucial in catalyzing the growth, as high flow rate of acetylene may cover the catalyst particles with a layer of decomposed carbon, rendering the particles incapable of playing the role of catalyst. The size of the catalyst and the extent of melting, determined primarily by the extent of doping, are important in deciding whether the conditions are favourable for the growth of multi walled carbon nanotube, nanofiber or other nanostructures. Smaller particle size and low doping level favour the growth of multi walled carbon nanotube while growth of nanofiber is commonly observed with larger particles and higher doping level. The size (i.e. diameter) of the nanostructures growing around the catalyst is proportional to the particle size of the catalyst.
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Chen, Hongjun, and Lianzhou Wang. "Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (May 23, 2014): 696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.82.
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To better utilize the sunlight for efficient solar energy conversion, the research on visible-light active photocatalysts has recently attracted a lot of interest. The photosensitization of transition metal oxides is a promising approach for achieving effective visible-light photocatalysis. This review article primarily discusses the recent progress in the realm of a variety of nanostructured photosensitizers such as quantum dots, plasmonic metal nanostructures, and carbon nanostructures for coupling with wide-bandgap transition metal oxides to design better visible-light active photocatalysts. The underlying mechanisms of the composite photocatalysts, e.g., the light-induced charge separation and the subsequent visible-light photocatalytic reaction processes in environmental remediation and solar fuel generation fields, are also introduced. A brief outlook on the nanostructure photosensitization is also given.
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Ji, Xiu Jie, Bin Wang, Chao Liu, Bo Wen Cheng, Jun Song, Dong Xia Ma, Guo Feng Zhang, Bo Wei Li, Zhi Xiong Yang, and Zhi Yong Fang. "Surfactant-Templated Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Ordered Nanostructured Fe3O4." Advanced Materials Research 427 (January 2012): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.427.169.
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Surfactant-templated synthesis of ordered nanostructured materials attracts more and more attention. In this paper, ordered nanostructured Fe3O4powder was synthesized via a facile reflux method in ethanol-water media using sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS, C12H25SO3Na) as template. XRD and VSM were used to characterize the ordered nanostructure, inorganic phase and magnetic properties. Results show that Fe3O4powder is of an ordered nanostructure of 7.6 nm which was detected by SAXRD and the inorganic phase is composed of cubic Fe3O4nanocrystals. VSM analysis shows that the ordered nanostructured Fe3O4exhibits a two-phase structure and a soft magnetic property with a saturation magnetization of 40emu/g.
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Широкий, Ю. В. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВНУТРІШНІХ ЕНЕРГІЙ КРИСТАЛІЧНОЇ РЕШІТКИ НА ОТРИМАННЯ НАНОСТРУКТУР У ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ШАРАХ АЛЮМІНІЄВИХ СПЛАВІВ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 99 (June 24, 2024): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2023.99.03.
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The paper presents the results of calculating the crystallization energy and examines its influence on the size of the nanostructured grain during ion-plasma treatment of aluminum (VD17) with oxygen and nitrogen ions. To address this task, we employ a previously proposed model, which considers the impact of individual ions on thermal conductivity and thermoelasticity in the affected area, taking into account their energy, charge, and type. Initially, we estimate the potential number of particles in the nanostructure. Then, we compute the energy required for atomizing the grain from atoms and chemical compounds. By determining the total atomization energy of the grain (Eas), we establish the necessary energy for its formation (Es = 1.1Eas). This energy enables the determination of all characteristics in the ion's action area, such as temperature, temperature rise rate, thermal stresses, strain rate, grain size, volume, and depth of the nanostructure, as well as the actual number of particles in the nanostructure. The calculations demonstrate that the crystallization energy increases the ion energy required to obtain nanostructures. At energies close to 3∙102 eV, it ranges from 0.1 to 7 eV, which can be disregarded, while at energies close to 1.6∙104 eV, crystallization energy ranges from 2.1∙102 to 1.2∙104 eV, with higher values for oxygen ions. Additionally, the calculations show that ion charge significantly affects crystallization energy; for large ion charges, it increases. All of this underscores the necessity of considering crystallization energy only at energies of 2∙103 – 2∙104 eV, allowing refinement of the technological parameters of ion-plasma treatment of aluminum alloys to increase the likelihood of obtaining nanostructures. Furthermore, the ability to determine the sizes of nanostructures allows predicting the physical and mechanical characteristics of surface layers of processed materials. These studies may be of interest to specialists involved in surface strengthening of aluminum alloy surfaces and further research into nanostructures
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Chandra Ray, Sekhar. "Possible magnetic performances of graphene-oxide and it's composites: A brief review." AIMS Materials Science 10, no. 5 (2023): 767–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023043.
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<abstract> <p>Carbon-based nanostructured materials are very promising for spintronic applications due to their weak spin-orbit coupling and potentially providing a long spin lifetime. Nanostructured carbons are not magnetic materials, but intrinsic magnetic behavioral nanostructure carbon materials could be fabricated through qualitative alterations. On alterations of carbon nanostructured materials, it changes their critical temperature and magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy that could be useful as favorable magnetic materials for different magnetic/electromagnetic device-based applications. Different processes are used for the alteration of nanostructure carbon materials like chemical doping, introducing defects, changing the density of states, functionalization, intercalation, forming heterostructure and fabricating nanocomposites layered semiconductor materials. Among the carbon-based derived nanostructured materials, the graphene oxide (GO) gets attracted towards the magnet forming in the spin-like structure across the area of the magnet. Due to its magnetic behaviour, it is used for the adsorption of metals and radionuclides and to make nonconductive oxide-metal. In this review article, the basics of magnetic behavioral change of the carbon-based GO/GO-nanocomposites nanostructured materials are described by gathering information from the literature that were/are reported by different researchers/research groups worldwide.</p> </abstract>
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Helal, Hicham, Mohammadi Ahrouch, Abdelaziz Rabehi, Dario Zappa, and Elisabetta Comini. "Nanostructured Materials for Enhanced Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review." Crystals 14, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040306.
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as promising candidates for efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion technologies. Their high energy conversion efficiency and fuel flexibility make them particularly attractive for various applications, ranging from stationary power generation to portable electronic devices. Recently, research has focused on utilizing nanostructured materials to enhance the performance of SOFCs. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advancements in the design, fabrication, and characterization of nanostructured materials integrated in SOFC. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental principles underlying SOFC operation, emphasizing the critical role of electrode materials, electrolytes, and interfacial interactions in overall cell performance, and the importance of nanostructured materials in addressing key challenges. It provides an in-depth analysis of various types of nanostructures, highlighting their roles in improving the electrochemical performance, stability, and durability of SOFCs. Furthermore, this review delves into the fabrication techniques that enable precise control over nanostructure morphology, composition, and architecture. The influence of nanoscale effects on ionic and electronic transport within the electrolyte and electrodes is thoroughly explored, shedding light on the mechanisms behind enhanced performance. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on nanostructured materials for SOFCs, this review aims to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers toward the development of high-performance, cost-effective, and sustainable energy conversion systems.
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LI, WEN, DAISUKE ISHIKAWA, and HIROKAZU TATSUOKA. "SYNTHESES OF NANOSTRUCTURE BUNDLES BASED ON SEMICONDUCTING METAL SILICIDES." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 05 (October 2013): 1340011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713400110.
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A variety of nanostructure bundles and arrays based on semiconducting metal silicides have been synthesized using abundant and non-toxic starting materials. Three types of fabrication techniques of the nanostructure bundles or arrays, including direct growth, template synthesis using natural nanostructured materials and template synthesis using artificially fabricated nanostructured materials are demonstrated. CrSi 2 nanowire bundles were directly grown by the exposure of Si substrates to CrCl 2 vapor at atmospheric pressure. A hexagonal MoSi 2 nanosheet, Mg 2 Si / MgO composite nanowire and Mg 2 Si nanowire bundles and MnSi 1.7 nanowire array were synthesized using a MoS 2 layered material, a SiO x nanofiber bundle, a Si nanowire array, and a Si nanowire array as the templates, respectively. Additionally, the fabrication phenomenon and structural properties of the nanostructured semiconducting metal silicides were investigated. These reactions provided the low-cost and controllable synthetic techniques to synthesize large scale and one-dimensional semiconducting metal silicides for thermoelectric applications.
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Zaman, Shahid, Asad Ullah, Rabia Naseer, and Kavi Bahri Rasool. "Mathematical Concepts and Empirical Study of Neighborhood Irregular Topological Indices of Nanostructures TUC4C8p,q and GTUC p,q." Journal of Mathematics 2024 (January 29, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/7521699.
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A topological index is a structural descriptor of any molecule/nanostructure that characterizes its topology. In the QSAR and QSPR research, topological indices are employed to predict the physical characteristics associated with bioactivities and chemical reactivity within specific networks. 2D nanostructured materials have many exhibit numerous chemical, mechanical, and physical features. These nanomaterials are exceptionally thin, displaying high chemical functionality and anisotropy. For applications necessitating robust surface interactions on a small scale, 2D materials stand out as the optimal choice due to their expansive surface area and status as the thinnest among all discovered materials. This paper characterized the neighborhood irregular topological invariants of nanostructures TUC4C8[p, q] and GTUC[p, q] and derived closed form expressions for them. A comparative analysis is then performed on the basis of these computed indices.
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YANG, CHENG, SEUNG-HEON RYU, YEONG-DAE LIM, and WON JONG YOO. "SELF-ASSEMBLY OF Si NANOSTRUCTURES IN SF6/O2 PLASMA." Nano 03, no. 03 (June 2008): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329200800099x.
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Self-assembled Si nanostructure arrays were formed in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor using SF 6/ O 2 plasma at noncryogenic temperature. It was possible to form nanopillar arrays of a mean diameter of ~100 nm and a mean height up to 4.77 μm over areas >100 cm2. The self-assembly of the nanostructures was studied as a function of time, bias RF-power, and O 2/ SF 6 ratio. It was found that the nanostructure arrays could be formed only when O 2/ SF 6 was in the range of 0.8 to 2.5. Two types of the self-assembled nanostructure arrays were formed at the different bias RF-power ranges: one was nanohole arrays and the other was nanopillar arrays. The hole-type nanostructure was formed when the bias power was low at ~10 W, while the pillar-type nanostructure was formed when the bias power increased to 30 W. It was also found that, the height of the nanostructure arrays increased with the onset of an etching time of 40 s, but it decreased after excessively long etching time as the nanostructure arrays could no longer sustain themselves. The correlation between the formation of nanostructures and plasma properties was investigated using OES, XPS, AFM, and SEM analyses. According to the analyses, sidewall passivation layers which were formed by the reaction of Si with F and O radicals generated from the SF 6/ O 2 plasma were responsible for giving rise to various nanostructure arrays.
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Chen, Yusi, Yangsen Kang, Jieyang Jia, Yijie Huo, Muyu Xue, Zheng Lyu, Dong Liang, Li Zhao, and James S. Harris. "Nanostructured Dielectric Layer for Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7153640.
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Nanostructures have been widely used in solar cells due to their extraordinary photon management properties. However, due to poor pn junction quality and high surface recombination velocity, typical nanostructured solar cells are not efficient compared with the traditional commercial solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to design, simulate, and fabricate whole-wafer nanostructures on dielectric layer on thin c-Si for solar cell light trapping. The optical simulation results show that the periodic nanostructure arrays on dielectric materials could suppress the reflection loss over a wide spectral range. In addition, by applying the nanostructured dielectric layer on 40 μm thin c-Si, the reflection loss is suppressed to below 5% over a wide spectra and angular range. Moreover, a c-Si solar cell with 2.9 μm ultrathin absorber layer demonstrates 32% improvement in short circuit current and 44% relative improvement in energy conversion efficiency. Our results suggest that nanostructured dielectric layer has the potential to significantly improve solar cell performance and avoid typical problems of defects and surface recombination for nanostructured solar cells, thus providing a new pathway towards realizing high-efficiency and low-cost c-Si solar cells.
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WANG, BAOMIN, TONGCHUAN GAO, and PAUL W. LEU. "COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOLAR CELLS." Nano LIFE 02, no. 02 (June 2012): 1230007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984411000517.
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Simulation methods are vital to the development of next-generation solar cells such as plasmonic, organic, nanophotonic, and semiconductor nanostructure solar cells. Simulations are predictive of material properties such that they may be used to rapidly screen new materials and understand the physical mechanisms of enhanced performance. They can be used to guide experiments or to help understand results obtained in experiments. In this paper, we review simulation methods for modeling the classical optical and electronic transport properties of nanostructured solar cells. We discuss different techniques for light trapping with an emphasis on silicon nanostructures and silicon thin films integrated with nanophotonics and plasmonics.
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Yin, Xiaowei, Fengli Liu, Wentao Qiu, Can Liu, Heyuan Guan, and Huihui Lu. "Electric Field Sensor Based on High Q Fano Resonance of Nano-Patterned Electro-Optic Materials." Photonics 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060431.
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This paper presents theoretical studies of Fano resonance based electric-field (E-field) sensors. E-field sensor based on two electro-optical (EO) materials i.e., barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) nanoparticles and relaxor ferroelectric material Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) combined with nanostructure are studied. As for the BTO based E-field sensor, a configuration of filling the BTO nanoparticles into a nano-patterned thin film silicon is proposed. The achieved resonance quality factor (Q) is 11,855 and a resonance induced electric field enhancement factor is of around 105. As for the design of PMN-PT based E-field sensor, a configuration by combining two square lattice air holes in PMN-PT thin film but with one offsetting hole left is chosen. The achieved resonance Q is of 9,273 and an electric field enhancement factor is of around 96. The resonance wavelength shift sensitivity of PMN-PT nanostructured can reach up to 4.768 pm/(V/m), while the BTO based nanostructure has a sensitivity of 0.1213 pm/(V/m). If a spectrum analyzer with 0.1 pm resolution is considered, then the minimum detection of the electric field Emin is 20 mV/m and 0.82 V/m for PMN-PT and BTO based nanostructures, respectively. The nano-patterned E-field sensor studied here are all dielectric, it has therefore the advantage of large measurement bandwidth, high measurement fidelity, high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.
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Mendes, Rafael, Paweł Wróbel, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Jingyu Sun, Thomas Gemming, Zhongfan Liu, and Mark Rümmeli. "Carbon Nanostructures as a Multi-Functional Platform for Sensing Applications." Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6040060.
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The various forms of carbon nanostructures are providing extraordinary new opportunities that can revolutionize the way gas sensors, electrochemical sensors and biosensors are engineered. The great potential of carbon nanostructures as a sensing platform is exciting due to their unique electrical and chemical properties, highly scalable, biocompatible and particularly interesting due to the almost infinite possibility of functionalization with a wide variety of inorganic nanostructured materials and biomolecules. This opens a whole new pallet of specificity into sensors that can be extremely sensitive, durable and that can be incorporated into the ongoing new generation of wearable technology. Within this context, carbon-based nanostructures are amongst the most promising structures to be incorporated in a multi-functional platform for sensing. The present review discusses the various 1D, 2D and 3D carbon nanostructure forms incorporated into different sensor types as well as the novel functionalization approaches that allow such multi-functionality.
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Fan, Jiakang. "The realization of a broadband light absorber via the synergistic effect of graphene and silicon nanostructures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2285, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2285/1/012001.
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Abstract Due to the increasing demand for clean energy, it becomes more and more necessary to find out more efficient ways to generate clean energy. Because of this, the light conversion efficiency of different materials has been largely studied. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the silicon pyramidal nanostructures and graphene layer affect the light-absorbing performance of materials and achieve a broadband light absorber. Simulations of four experimental groups, including both with nanostructure and graphene, with nanostructure and without graphene, without nanostructure and with graphene, both without nanostructure and graphene, are done to obtain and compare the data through the method of finite difference time domain (FDTD). By analyzing the simulation results, it is found that the silicon pyramidal structures can improve the light absorption within the range of visible light. Moreover, the presence of graphene layers can improve the light absorption within the range of near-infrared to infrared light. The number of layers can also have effects on light absorption.
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Wiederrecht, Gary P. "(Invited) Dynamics of Light-Matter Interactions in Plasmonic Optical Cavities for Characterizing Nanostructures Relevant to Energy Conversion and Photocatalysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 37 (August 28, 2023): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01372168mtgabs.
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Optical cavities are an established means to increase light-matter interactions with a wide range molecules, nanostructures and bulk materials. The use of an optical cavity to increase the likelihood of photon absorption by a material has clear potential for being of value for optical energy conversion and photocatalysis. Furthermore, optical cavities can significantly alter excited state dynamics due to the potential for Purcell effects that increase radiative rates of emission of a given material, molecule, or nanostructure. These dynamic changes can serve as a sensing mechanism of cavity impact to photoprocesses, making characterization tools such as transient absorption and time-resolved emission measurements an effective means to probe the degree of light-matter coupling. Taken a step further, these characterization tools can help establish the degree of light-matter coupling necessary to control excited state lifetimes for a particular purpose or application. Here, we explore the dynamics of nanostructured systems coupled to, or made out of, plasmonic materials. Importantly, plasmonic structures are well-known to serve as a type of optical cavity, and though plasmonic cavities are lossier than their dielectric counterparts, they can also confine light to a small mode volume which is very helpful for increasing photonic interactions with nanostructures. The focus of this talk is on materials and nanostructures of interest for solar energy conversion or photocatalysis, such plasmonic nanoparticles and semiconducting nanoparticles, which are interacting with or functioning as, a plasmonic cavity. The plasmonic cavity can be as simple as a thin metal film that supports a propagating surface plasmon polariton (SPP). We also explore refractory plasmonic systems due to their potential durability and reduced likelihood of melting under optical illumination as compared to noble metal nanostructures. The dynamics of nanostructure photoprocesses as a function of photon energy relative to the cavity resonance is explored in detail and impact on applications is described. Work performed at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
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Bechelany, Mikhael, Sebastien Balme, and Philippe Miele. "Atomic layer deposition of biobased nanostructured interfaces for energy, environmental and health applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0102.
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AbstractThe most fundamental phenomena in the immobilising of biomolecules on the nanostructured materials for energy, environmental and health applications are the control of interfaces between the nanostructures/nanopores and the immobilized biomaterials. Thus, the throughput of all those biobased nanostructured materials and devices can be improved or controlled by the enhanced geometric area of the nanostructured interfaces if an efficient immobilization of the biomolecules is warranted. In this respect, an accurate control of the geometry (size, porosity, etc.) and interfaces is primordial to finding the delicate balance between large/control interface areas and good immobilization conditions. Here, we will show how the atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used as a tool for the creation of controlled nanostructured interfaces in which the geometry can be tuned accurately and the dependence of the physical-chemical properties on the geometric parameters can be studied systematically in order to immobilize biomolecules. We will show mainly examples of how these methods can be used to create single nanopores for mass spectroscopy and DNA sequencing, and membrane for gas separation and water treatment in which the performance varies with the nanostructure morphologies/interfaces and the immobilization conditions.
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Schernthaner, Michaela, Gerd Leitinger, Heimo Wolinski, Sepp D. Kohlwein, Bettina Reisinger, Ruxandra-A. Barb, Wolfgang F. Graier, Johannes Heitz, and Klaus Groschner. "Enhanced Ca2+Entry and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Mediate Nanostructure-Induced Endothelial Proliferation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251063.
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Nanostructured substrates have been recognized to initiate transcriptional programs promoting cell proliferation. Specificallyβ-catenin has been identified as transcriptional regulator, activated by adhesion to nanostructures. We set out to identify processes responsible for nanostructure-induced endothelialβ-catenin signaling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of cell contacts to differently sized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface structures (ripples with 250 to 300 nm and walls with 1.5 µm periodicity) revealed different patterns of cell-substrate interactions. Cell adhesion to ripples occurred exclusively on ripple peaks, while cells were attached to walls continuously. The Src kinase inhibitor PP2 was active only in cells grown on ripples, while the Abl inhibitors dasatinib and imatinib suppressedβ-catenin translocation on both structures. Moreover, Gd3+sensitive Ca2+entry was observed in response to mechanical stimulation or Ca2+store depletion exclusively in cells grown on ripples. Both PP2 and Gd3+suppressedβ-catenin nuclear translocation along with proliferation in cells grown on ripples but not on walls. Our results suggest that adhesion of endothelial cells to ripple structured PET induces highly specific, interface topology-dependent changes in cellular signalling, characterized by promotion of Gd3+-sensitive Ca2+entry and Src/Abl activation. We propose that these signaling events are crucially involved in nanostructure-induced promotion of cell proliferation.
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Jang, Hyun-Ik, Hae-Su Yoon, Tae-Ik Lee, Sangmin Lee, Taek-Soo Kim, Jaesool Shim, and Jae Hong Park. "Creation of Curved Nanostructures Using Soft-Materials-Derived Lithography." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122414.
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In this study, curved nanostructures, which are difficult to obtain, were created on an Si substrate through the bonding, swelling, and breaking processes of the polymer and silicone substrate. This method can be utilized to obtain convex nanostructures over large areas. The method is simpler than typical semiconductor processing with photolithography or compared to wet- or vacuum-based dry etching processes. The polymer bonding, swelling (or no swelling), and breaking processes that are performed in this process were theoretically analyzed through a numerical analysis of permeability and modeling. Through this process, we designed a convex nanostructure that can be produced experimentally in an accurate manner.
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Soares, Sofia F., Tiago Fernandes, Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva, and Tito Trindade. "The controlled synthesis of complex hollow nanostructures and prospective applications." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2224 (April 2019): 20180677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0677.
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Functionality in nanoengineered materials has been usually explored on structural and chemical compositional aspects of matter that exist in such solid materials. It is well known that the absence of solid matter is also relevant and the existence of voids confined in the nanostructure of certain particles is no exception. Indeed, over the past decades, there has been great interest in exploring hollow nanostructured materials that besides the properties recognized in the dense particles also provide empty spaces, in the sense of condensed matter absence, as an additional functionality to be explored. As such, the chemical synthesis of hollow nanostructures has been driven not only for tailoring the size and shape of particles with well-defined chemical composition, but also to achieve control on the type of hollowness that characterize such materials. This review describes the state of the art on late developments concerning the chemical synthesis of hollow nanostructures, providing a number of examples of materials obtained by distinct strategies. It will be apparent by reading this progress report that the absence of solid matter determines the functionality of hollow nanomaterials for several technological applications.
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Su, Jian-Qing, Tracy W. Nelson, and Colin J. Sterling. "A new route to bulk nanocrystalline materials." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 8 (August 2003): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0243.
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Despite their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited use as a result of the cost of preparation and the difficulty in scaling up. Herein, the authors report a technique, friction stir processing (FSP), to refine grain sizes to a nanoscale. Nanocrystalline 7075 Al with an average grain size of 100 nm was successfully obtained using FSP. It may be possible to further control the microstructure of the processed material by changing the processing parameters and the cooling rate. In principle, by applying multiple overlapping passes, it should be possible to produce any desired size thin sheet to nanostructure using this technique. We expect that the FSP technique may pave the way to large-scale structural applications of nanostructured metals and alloys.
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Liu, Yi, and David J. Sellmyer. "Selected Reflection Imaging of Nanostructured Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600023886.
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Nanostructured materials are finding increasing applications. In characterizing the nanostructured materials, we have developed a technique using a conventional TEM to characterize the nanostructure. The technique is named selected reflection imaging and could be used for measuring the grain size, measuring the volume fraction of a second phase in a dual phase material, measuring the texture and identifying the crystal structure in multiphase materials.The technique is evolved from dark field imaging which is known to generate strong contrast. In conventional materials with a grain size larger than 1 μm, selected area diffraction pattern is from a single crystal. Dark field image could be formed by allowing one of the diffracted beam to go through the objective aperture. In nanostructured materials, however, the diffraction pattern becomes a ring pattern. Ordinary dark field image could be formed by allowing one of the spot in the ring to go through the aperture. However, only a limited number of grains are differentiated from the rest.
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Barra, Ana, Cláudia Nunes, Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, and Paula Ferreira. "Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 6, 2022): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031848.
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Carbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in composite materials due to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength capacity, and low cost. Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method and then chemically reduced to obtain rGO. However, the chemical reduction commonly uses toxic reducing agents, such as hydrazine, being environmentally unfriendly and limiting the final application of composites. Therefore, green chemical reducing agents and synthesis methods of carbon nanostructures should be employed. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the green chemical reduction of graphene oxide reported in the last 3 years. Moreover, alternative graphitic nanostructures, such as carbons derived from biomass and carbon nanostructures supported on clays, are pointed as eco-friendly and sustainable carbonaceous additives to engineering polymer properties in composites. Finally, the application of these carbon nanostructures in polymer composites is briefly overviewed.
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Suárez-Franco, José Luis, Manuel García-Hipólito, Miguel Ángel Surárez-Rosales, José Arturo Fernández-Pedrero, Octavio Álvarez-Fregoso, Julio Alberto Juárez-Islas, and Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez. "Effects of Surface Morphology ofZnAl2O4Ceramic Materials on Osteoblastic Cells Responses." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/361249.
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Ceramic scaffolds are widely studied in the tissue engineering field due to their potential in medical applications as bone substitutes or as bone-filling materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface morphology of nanostructure thin films of ZnAl2O4prepared by spray pyrolysis and bulk pellets of polycrystalline ZnAl2O4prepared by chemical coprecipitation reaction on thein vitrocell adhesion, viability, and cell-material interactions of osteoblastic cells. Our result showed that cell attachment was significantly enhanced from 60 to 80% on the ZnAl2O4nanostructured material surface when compared with bulk ceramic surfaces. Moreover, our results showed that the balance of morphological properties of the thin film nanostructure ceramic improves cell-material interaction with enhanced spreading and filopodia with multiple cellular extensions on the surface of the ceramic and enhancing cell viability/proliferation in comparison with bulk ceramic surfaces used as control. Altogether, these results suggest that zinc aluminate nanostructured materials have a great potential to be used in dental implant and bone substitute applications.
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Li, Fan, Jiang Li, Baijun Dong, Fei Wang, Chunhai Fan, and Xiaolei Zuo. "DNA nanotechnology-empowered nanoscopic imaging of biomolecules." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 9 (2021): 5650–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs01281e.
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DNA nanotechnology has led to the rise of DNA nanostructures, which possess programmable shapes and are capable of organizing different functional molecules and materials. A variety of DNA nanostructure-based imaging probes have been developed.
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Wang, S. L., H. W. Zhu, W. H. Tang, and P. G. Li. "Propeller-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures Obtained by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/594290.
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Propeller-shaped and flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures on Si substrates were prepared by a one-step chemical vapor deposition technique. The propeller-shaped ZnO nanostructure consists of a set of axial nanorod (50 nm in tip, 80 nm in root and 1 μm in length), surrounded by radial-oriented nanoribbons (20–30 nm in thickness and 1.5 μm in length). The morphology of flower-shaped ZnO nanostructure is similar to that of propeller-shaped ZnO, except the shape of leaves. These nanorods leaves (30 nm in diameter and 1–1.5 μm in length) are aligned in a radial way and pointed toward a common center. The flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures show sharper and stronger UV emission at 378 nm than the propeller-shaped ZnO, indicating a better crystal quality and fewer structural defects in flower-shaped ZnO. In comparison with flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures, the propeller-shaped ZnO nanostructures exhibited a higher photocatalytic property for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV-light illumination.
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Silvestre, Clara. "Coordination Action: NMP3-CA-2008-218331-NaPolyNet Setting up Research-Intensive Clusters across the EU on Characterization of Polymer Nanostructures." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.101.
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NaPolyNet is a 36 month project involving 15 partners from 10 European countries. The objectives are: 1) to network at regional, national and international level with experts on the characterization of polymer nanostructured materials in the field of packaging, textiles and membranes, bridging the gap between scientific and engineering approaches for the improved understanding of the structure-performance correlation in polymer devices; 2) to facilitate transnational access to important and unique equipment and to train young scientists and SMEs technologists; 3) to harmonize the work necessary for new standards in the field of characterization of polymer nanostructures for packaging, textiles and membranes. NaPolyNet will also focus on latest findings for managing the safety implications of polymer nanostructure along the life-cycle of those products. The activities are grouped into 7 work-packages (WP). After setting up the procedures for managing the project, the team will map the competences in the different field of characterization of polymer nanostructures and will set up an European Open Laboratory (EOL) open to outside the consortium partners incorporating the best and novel characterization methodologies and expertises. The EOL will allow average trained users of equipment for thermal, structural, morphological, mechanical characterization to produce reliable data on nanostructured materials and correctly interpret them. An international Workshop is planned on processing-structure-dynamics-and-properties of polymer nanostructures in order to further support development and design of intrinsically safe nanomaterials. The last part of the project will be dedicated to harmonize the work for preparation of new standards for polymeric nanomaterials characterization and to overcome barriers to the industrial application of polymer nanostructured materials especially in SMEs.
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Lee, Jinho, Donghwi Cho, Haomin Chen, Young-Seok Shim, Junyong Park, and Seokwoo Jeon. "Proximity-field nanopatterning for high-performance chemical and mechanical sensor applications based on 3D nanostructures." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 1 (March 2022): 011322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081197.
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In this era of the Internet of Things, the development of innovative sensors has rapidly accelerated with that of nanotechnology to accommodate various demands for smart applications. The practical use of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured materials breaks several limitations of conventional sensors, including the large surface-to-volume ratio, precisely tunable pore size and porosity, and efficient signal transduction of 3D geometries. This review provides an in-depth discussion on recent advances in chemical and mechanical sensors based on 3D nanostructures, which are rationally designed and manufactured by advanced 3D nanofabrication techniques that consider structural factors (e.g., porosity, periodicity, and connectivity). In particular, we focus on a proximity-field nanopatterning technique that specializes in the production of periodic porous 3D nanostructures that satisfy the structural properties universally required to improve the performance of various sensor systems. State-of-the-art demonstrations of high-performance sensor devices such as supersensitive gas sensors and wearable strain sensors realized through designed 3D nanostructures are summarized. Finally, challenges and outlooks related to nanostructures and nanofabrication for the practical application of 3D nanostructure-based sensor systems are proposed.
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Breus, A., S. Abashin, I. Lukashov, and O. Serdiuk. "Anodic growth of copper oxide nanostructures in glow discharge." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 114, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9850.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Application of plasma glow discharge to copper oxide nanostructure growth is studied. The simplicity of the proposed technique may be beneficial for the development of new plasma reactors for large-scale production of diverse metal oxide nanostructures. Design/methodology/approach: Copper sample was placed on anode of a setup designed to ignite plasma glow discharge. The proposed approach allows eliminating the negative effects of ion bombardment, like sputtering and generation of defects on a surface of the growing nanostructures, but preserves the advantages of thermal growth. The growth process was explained in terms of thermal processes interaction occurring on a surface of the anode with the glow discharge plasma. Findings: Plasma treatment resulted in generation of reach and diverse nanostructures that was confirmed by SEM images. Nanowire-like, flower-like, anemone-like nanostructures and nanodisks composed into the nanoassemblies are observed; the nanostructures are associated with microbabbles on CuO layer. These findings allow concluding about the possible implementation of the proposed method in industry. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation is conditioned by the lack of heat supplied to the anode, and absence of independent control of the heat and ion fluxes; thus, the additional heater should be installed under the anode in order to expand the nomenclature of the nanospecies in the future studies. Practical implications: High-productivity plasma process in copper oxide nanostructures synthesis was confirmed in this research. It may be applied for field emitter and supercapacitor manufacturing. Originality/value: Oxide nanostructure synthesis is conducted by use of a simple and well-known glow discharge technique in order to expand the production yield and diversity of nanostructure obtained in the processes of thermal growth.