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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoscale characterisation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Saunders, Kate, Ben Buse, Matt R. Kilburn, Stuart Kearns, and Jon Blundy. "Nanoscale characterisation of crystal zoning." Chemical Geology 364 (January 2014): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.11.019.

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2

Gao, Zirui, Mirko Holler, Michal Odstrcil, Andreas Menzel, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, and Johannes Ihli. "Nanoscale crystal grain characterization via linear polarization X-ray ptychography." Chemical Communications 56, no. 87 (2020): 13373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc06101h.

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3

Mostarac, Deniz, Pedro A. Sánchez, and Sofia Kantorovich. "Correction: Characterisation of the magnetic response of nanoscale magnetic filaments in applied fields." Nanoscale 12, no. 26 (2020): 14298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr90128h.

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4

Thonke, K., I. Tischer, M. Hocker, M. Schirra, K. Fujan, M. Wiedenmann, R. Schneider, M. Frey, and M. Feneberg. "Nanoscale characterisation of semiconductors by cathodoluminescence." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 55 (March 5, 2014): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/55/1/012018.

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5

Ryu, Meguya, Reo Honda, Adrian Cernescu, Arturas Vailionis, Armandas Balčytis, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Jing-Liang Li, et al. "Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (April 23, 2019): 922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.93.

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The nanoscale composition of silk defining its unique properties via a hierarchial structural anisotropy needs to be analysed at the highest spatial resolution of tens of nanometers corresponding to the size of fibrils made of β-sheets, which are the crystalline building blocks of silk. Nanoscale optical and structural properties of silk have been measured from 100 nm thick longitudinal slices of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution, the highest so far. Optical sub-wavelength resolution in hyperspectral mapping of absorbance and molecular orientation were carried out for comparison at IR wavelengths of 2–10 μm using synchrotron radiation. A reliable distinction of transmission changes by only 1–2% as the anisotropy of amide bands was obtained from nanometer-thin slices of silk.

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6

Genoud, Sian, Michael W. M. Jones, Benjamin Guy Trist, Junjing Deng, Si Chen, Dominic James Hare, and Kay L. Double. "Simultaneous structural and elemental nano-imaging of human brain tissue." Chemical Science 11, no. 33 (2020): 8919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc02844d.

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7

Han, Fei, Thomas Armstrong, Ana Andres-Arroyo, Danielle Bennett, Alex Soeriyadi, Ali Alinezhad Chamazketi, Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding, and Peter J. Reece. "Optical tweezers-based characterisation of gold core–satellite plasmonic nano-assemblies incorporating thermo-responsive polymers." Nanoscale 12, no. 3 (2020): 1680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07891f.

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8

Sethi, Komal, Shalini Sharma, and Indrajit Roy. "Nanoscale iron carboxylate metal organic frameworks as drug carriers for magnetically aided intracellular delivery." RSC Advances 6, no. 80 (2016): 76861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18480d.

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9

Rainforth, W. M. "Opportunities and pitfalls in characterisation of nanoscale features." Materials Science and Technology 16, no. 11-12 (November 2000): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708300101507235.

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10

Brocchi, Eduardo A., Daniela W. Macedo, Guillermo Solórzono, and Francisco J. Moura. "Characterisation of synthesised nickel and cobalt nanoscale oxides." Materials Characterization 63 (January 2012): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2011.11.002.

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11

Olsen, Sarah H., Peter Dobrosz, Rouzet M. B. Agaiby, Yuk Lun Tsang, Olayiwola Alatise, Stephen J. Bull, Anthony G. O’Neill, et al. "Nanoscale strain characterisation for ultimate CMOS and beyond." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 11, no. 5-6 (October 2008): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2009.06.003.

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12

Sasahara, Akira, Tatsuya Murakami, Le Tran Uyen Tu, and Masahiko Tomitori. "Nanoscale characterisation of TiO2(110) annealed in air." Applied Surface Science 428 (January 2018): 1000–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.249.

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13

Mercier, F., H. Shimoda, S. Lay, M. Pons, and E. Blanquet. "Reactive chemical vapor deposition of heteroepitaxial Ti1−xAlxN films." CrystEngComm 20, no. 12 (2018): 1711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce02129a.

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A novel methodology combining CVD experiments, nanoscale characterisation and reaction–diffusion modelling demonstrates Ti_1−xAl_xN epitaxial growth on single crystalline AlN films.

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14

Demokritou, Philip, Samuel Gass, Georgios Pyrgiotakis, Joel M. Cohen, William Goldsmith, Walt McKinney, David Frazer, et al. "Anin vivoandin vitrotoxicological characterisation of realistic nanoscale CeO2inhalation exposures." Nanotoxicology 7, no. 8 (November 8, 2012): 1338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2012.739665.

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15

Leisch, M. "Tomographic Atom Probe: A New Tool for Nanoscale Characterisation." Solid State Phenomena 47-48 (July 1995): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.47-48.573.

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16

Fay, M. W., Y. Han, K. W. Edmonds, K. Wang, R. P. Campion, B. L. Gallagher, C. T. Foxon, et al. "Nanoscale characterisation of electronic and spintronic nitrides and arsenides." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 26 (February 22, 2006): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/041.

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17

Li, Xiaoying, Wenwen Wu, and Hanshan Dong. "Microstructural characterisation of carbon doped CrAlTiN nanoscale multilayer coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 205, no. 10 (February 2011): 3251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.11.046.

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18

Voisard, Frédéric, Nicolas Brodusch, Michel Trudeau, Karim Zaghib, and Raynald Gauvin. "Challenges of Nanoscale Characterisation of Litihum-Based Energy Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-014562mtgabs.

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19

Ávila Bernal, Alba Graciela, and Ruy Sebastián Bonilla Osorio. "A study of surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM)." Ingeniería e Investigación 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v29n3.15194.

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Sweeping/scanning microscopes have become an experimental scientist's hands and eyes in this century; they have become a powerful and necessary tool for nanoscale characterisation in education and research laboratories all around the world. This article presents the modifications made in the mechanical (isolation or designing an antivibration system) and electrical (piezoelectric and scanning system characterisation) implementation of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), thereby allowing nanoscale surfaces to be visualised and modified. A methodology for visualising and characterising surfaces using the aforementioned instrument is described, bidimensional quantification of up to 1,300 nm2, with ~15 nm resolution being reached. This experimental methodology took critical parameters for tunnelling current stability into account, such as scanning speed and microscope tip geometry and dimensions. This microscope's versatility allowed defects in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples to be modified and visualised by applying a voltage between the tip and the sample. The concepts of topography scanning and lithography can be easily understood by using the instrument implemented here.

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20

Fernández-García, Raquel, Francisco Bolás-Fernández, and Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez. "Editorial for Special Issue ‘Engineering and Characterisation of Novel Nanomedicine Formulations’." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 5 (April 26, 2024): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050585.

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Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to achieve innovations in healthcare and involves the engineering of systems at the nanoscale (particle size < 1000 nm) with the aim of improving drug delivery [...]

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21

Pryjmaková, Jana, Mariia Hryhoruk, Martin Veselý, Petr Slepička, Václav Švorčík, and Jakub Siegel. "Engineered Cu-PEN Composites at the Nanoscale: Preparation and Characterisation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071220.

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As polymeric materials are already used in many industries, the range of their applications is constantly expanding. Therefore, their preparation procedures and the resulting properties require considerable attention. In this work, we designed the surface of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) introducing copper nanowires. The surface of PEN was transformed into coherent ripple patterns by treatment with a KrF excimer laser. Then, Cu deposition onto nanostructured surfaces by a vacuum evaporation technique was accomplished, giving rise to nanowires. The morphology of the prepared structures was investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the distribution of Cu in the nanowires and their gradual oxidation. The optical properties of the Cu nanowires were measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The sessile drop method revealed the hydrophobic character of the Cu/PEN surface, which is important for further studies of biological responses. Our study suggests that a combination of laser surface texturing and vacuum evaporation can be an effective and simple method for the preparation of a Cu/polymer nanocomposite with potential exploitation in bioapplications; however, it should be borne in mind that significant post-deposition oxidation of the Cu nanowire occurs, which may open up new strategies for further biological applications.

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22

Takahashi, J., Y. Kobayashi, M. Ueda, T. Miyazaki, and K. Kawakami. "Nanoscale characterisation of rolling contact wear surface of pearlitic steel." Materials Science and Technology 29, no. 10 (October 2013): 1212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284713y.0000000256.

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23

Kim, Jang-Kyo, Man-Lung Sham, and Jingshen Wu. "Nanoscale characterisation of interphase in silane treated glass fibre composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 32, no. 5 (May 2001): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(00)00163-9.

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24

Chekli, L., B. Bayatsarmadi, R. Sekine, B. Sarkar, A. Maoz Shen, K. G. Scheckel, W. Skinner, et al. "Analytical characterisation of nanoscale zero-valent iron: A methodological review." Analytica Chimica Acta 903 (January 2016): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.040.

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25

Tiron, Raluca, Celine De Nadaï, Christophe Constancias, Jean-Yves Robic, and Jean-Philippe Gouy. "Fabrication and characterisation of nanoscale programmed defects for EUV lithography." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.210.

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26

Assiri, M. Al, H. Al Gharni, A. Alolah, A. Al Hajry, Ahmad Umar, M. Vaseem, Y. B. Hahn, Farid El Tantawy, M. Bououdina, and S. Al Heniti. "Synthesis and characterisation of ZnO structures containing the nanoscale regime." International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials 2, no. 1/2/3/4/5 (2009): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnbm.2009.027720.

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27

Zhang, Junwei, Hongbin Ma, Senfu Zhang, Hong Zhang, Xia Deng, Qianqian Lan, Desheng Xue, Feiming Bai, Nigel J. Mellors, and Yong Peng. "Nanoscale characterisation and magnetic properties of Co81Cu19/Cu multilayer nanowires." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 1 (2015): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc01510j.

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Bamboo-like CoCu/Cu multilayer nanowires have been successfully fabricated into anodic aluminium oxide templates using an electrodeposition method, and their basic morphological, chemical, structural information and magnetic reversal mechanism have been highlighted.

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28

Devaraj, Arun, Daniel E. Perea, Jia Liu, Lyle M. Gordon, Ty J. Prosa, Pritesh Parikh, David R. Diercks, et al. "Three-dimensional nanoscale characterisation of materials by atom probe tomography." International Materials Reviews 63, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 68–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2016.1270728.

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29

Dong, Y., Debes Bhattacharyya, and P. J. Hunter. "Characterisation and Object-Oriented Finite Element Modelling of Polypropylene/ Organoclay Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.841.

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Although much research work has been conducted on the production and characterisation of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites, the effects of nanoscale fillers with respect to actual morphology through numerical modelling have been rarely addressed. This paper describes a unique development from fabrication and experimental characterisation to the numerical modelling of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites based on the real mapping of nano/microstructures. Twin screw extrusion is used with a two-step masterbatch compounding method to prepare such nanocomposites with organoclays (ranging between 1wt% and 10wt%) and maleated polypropylene (1:1 weight ratio). The material characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) are conducted and mechanical properties are determined by tensile, flexural and impact tests. Finally, computational models are established by using an innovative object-oriented finite element analysis code (OOF) to predict the overall mechanical properties of nanocomposites.

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30

Nirwan, Jorabar Singh, Barbara R. Conway, and Muhammad Usman Ghori. "In situ3D nanoscale advanced imaging algorithms with integrated chemical imaging for the characterisation of pharmaceuticals." RSC Advances 9, no. 28 (2019): 16119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01434a.

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31

Sarkar, Rajdeep, Chandan Mondal, Deepak Kumar, Sabyasachi Saha, Atul Kumar, and Partha Ghosal. "Structure-property Characterisation at Nanoscale using In-situ TEM and SEM." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 4 (June 28, 2016): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.10213.

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<p>In-situ electron microscopy is an emerging technique for real time visualisation of micro-structural changes of a specimen under some applied constraints inside microscope. In this study, in-situ nanoindentation experimentation on a carbon nanocoil inside transmission electron microscope has been reported. The elastic modulus of the carbon nanocoil is found to be 177 GPa. Similar experiments are also carried out on carbon nanotubes, but force response of carbon nanotubes is beyond the limit of sensors presently available. The present study also reports the in-situ dissolution behavior of the secondary phases of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy under high vacuum condition in scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the temperature range of 350 °C to 400 °C. We report for the first time using in-situ SEM technique that dissolution of the MgZn2-base phase present as eutectic and divorced eutectic forms could start at a temperature as low as 300 °C, although the usual homogenisation temperature of such alloys is always > 450 °C. Furthermore, the kinetics of dissolution of such phases, particularly when present in fine eutectic phase mixture, is significantly faster than what is observed under atmospheric pressure. It has been found that modification of surface composition under high vacuum condition plays a key role in the low temperature dissolution processes. It has further been found that the dissolution process does not start with the thinning of the IDC phase as proposed for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, rather it occurs by a combination of ‘spheroidisation’ and thinning process called ‘the thinning, discontinuation, and full dissolution’ (TDFD) mechanism. Results of the in-stu experiments under high vacuum are compared with the ex-situ dissolution experiments under normal atmospheric pressure.</p>

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32

Nasi, L. "Nanoscale Characterisation of CuInGaSe2/CdS Structures Grown by Pulsed Electron Deposition." Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, S2 (July 2010): 1372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610059271.

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33

Fernández, Beatriz, Jose Manuel Costa, Rosario Pereiro, and Alfredo Sanz-Medel. "Inorganic mass spectrometry as a tool for characterisation at the nanoscale." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 396, no. 1 (July 26, 2009): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2959-6.

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34

Kruska, Karen, Sergio Lozano-Perez, David W. Saxey, Takumi Terachi, Takuyo Yamada, and George D. W. Smith. "Nanoscale characterisation of grain boundary oxidation in cold-worked stainless steels." Corrosion Science 63 (October 2012): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.06.030.

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35

Mostaert, Anika S., Michael J. Higgins, Takeshi Fukuma, Fabio Rindi, and Suzanne P. Jarvis. "Nanoscale Mechanical Characterisation of Amyloid Fibrils Discovered in a Natural Adhesive." Journal of Biological Physics 32, no. 5 (October 5, 2006): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10867-006-9023-y.

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36

Larson, D. J., A. K. Petford-Long, Y. Q. Ma, and A. Cerezo. "Information storage materials: nanoscale characterisation by three-dimensional atom probe analysis." Acta Materialia 52, no. 10 (June 2004): 2847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.03.015.

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37

Meyns, Michaela, Sebastian Primpke, and Gunnar Gerdts. "Library based identification and characterisation of polymers with nano-FTIR and IR-sSNOM imaging." Analytical Methods 11, no. 40 (2019): 5195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01193e.

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Near-field spectroscopy techniques push resolution to the nanoscale: IR-sSNOM characterises domain distributions in mixed polymers and nano-FTIR combined with appropriate library search tools correctly identifies polymer samples.

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38

Cowley, A., J. A. Steele, D. Byrne, R. K. Vijayaraghavan, and P. J. McNally. "Fabrication and characterisation of GaAs nanopillars using nanosphere lithography and metal assisted chemical etching." RSC Advances 6, no. 36 (2016): 30468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23621e.

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We present a low-cost fabrication procedure for the production of nanoscale periodic GaAs nanopillar arrays, using the nanosphere lithography technique as a templating mechanism and the electrochemical metal assisted etch process (MacEtch).

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39

Cunningham, Brian, Tchavdar N. Todorov, and Daniel Dundas. "Nonconservative current-driven dynamics: beyond the nanoscale." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (November 13, 2015): 2140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.219.

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Long metallic nanowires combine crucial factors for nonconservative current-driven atomic motion. These systems have degenerate vibrational frequencies, clustered about a Kohn anomaly in the dispersion relation, that can couple under current to form nonequilibrium modes of motion growing exponentially in time. Such motion is made possible by nonconservative current-induced forces on atoms, and we refer to it generically as the waterwheel effect. Here the connection between the waterwheel effect and the stimulated directional emission of phonons propagating along the electron flow is discussed in an intuitive manner. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics show that waterwheel modes self-regulate by reducing the current and by populating modes in nearby frequency, leading to a dynamical steady state in which nonconservative forces are counter-balanced by the electronic friction. The waterwheel effect can be described by an appropriate effective nonequilibrium dynamical response matrix. We show that the current-induced parts of this matrix in metallic systems are long-ranged, especially at low bias. This nonlocality is essential for the characterisation of nonconservative atomic dynamics under current beyond the nanoscale.

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40

Larin, Artem, Egor Kurganov, Stephanie Bruyére, Alexandre Nominé, Eduard Ageev, Anton Samusev, and Dmitry Zuev. "Up-conversion photoluminescence specificity of a hybrid sponge nanostructures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012082.

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Abstract Over the past decades, silicon is proved to be as a promising material for the development of devices in the fields of nanophotonics and optoelectronics. However, the material so popular at the current time did not find its application in nanoscale radiation sources due to the indirect bandgap of the semiconductor, which leads to low quantum efficiency. This work represents experimental results on the features of the silicon up-conversion photoluminescence enhanced by the optical resonances of the plasmonic nanosponge. The internal configuration of the nanostructure was confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The optical characterisation was provided by the dark-field spectroscopy, up-conversion photoluminescence generation and life-time measurements. The such new nanostructure type is promising for the development of nanoscale sources of broadband radiation and other applications of silicon photonics.

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41

Leighton, Michael, Nick Morris, and Homer Rahnejat. "Transient Nanoscale Tribofilm Growth: Analytical Prediction and Measurement." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 5890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135890.

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A new method for the simultaneous in situ measurement and characterisation of molybdenum-based tribofilms is presented, based on lateral force microscopy. The simultaneity of measurements is crucial for a fundamental understanding of the tribochemical phenomena. A new analytical method is also presented, which combines a BET multi-layer adsorption/desorption model for boundary-active lubricant species-surface combination with the modified shear-promoted thermal activation Arrhenius equation. Therefore, the expounded method integrates the mechanical, physical and chemical aspects of the adsorption-bonding process as a detailed multi-step phenomenon. The method provides detailed explanations of the measured tribofilm growth, in a fundamental manner, not hitherto reported in the literature. Therefore, the combined experimental methodology and modelling approach provides a significant advance in the understanding of tribofilm formation. Furthermore, the developed model has the potential to explain the behaviour of many complex lubricant formulations and the resulting multi-species tribofilms, generated through synergistic and/or antagonistic constituent adsorption and shear-promoted activation.

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42

Chintala, Ravi Chandra, Sebastian Wood, James C. Blakesley, Paola Favia, Umberto Celano, Kristof Paredis, Wilfried Vandervorst, and Fernando A. Castro. "Nanoscale 3D characterisation of soft organic material using conductive scanning probe tomography." AIP Advances 9, no. 2 (February 2019): 025105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066458.

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43

Cacovich, S., G. Divitini, E. Capria, A. Fraleoni Morgera, V. Lughi, and C. Ducati. "Nanoscale characterisation of hybrid photovoltaic cells based on C61 capped CdSe QDs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 522 (June 11, 2014): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/522/1/012071.

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44

Zhang, Z. H., X. F. Bian, and Y. Wang. "Microstructural characterisation of nanoscale eutectics in melt spun Al-10 Sr alloy." Materials Science and Technology 18, no. 10 (October 2002): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708302225006052.

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45

Mostarac, Deniz, Pedro A. Sánchez, and Sofia Kantorovich. "Characterisation of the magnetic response of nanoscale magnetic filaments in applied fields." Nanoscale 12, no. 26 (2020): 13933–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01646b.

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46

Chen, Jingyi, Mengzheng Ouyang, Paul Boldrin, Xinhua Liu, Jawwad Darr, Alan Atkinson, and Nigel P. Brandon. "Fabrication and Characterisation of Nanoscale Ni-CGO Electrode from Nano-Composite Powders." ECS Transactions 91, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 1799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/09101.1799ecst.

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47

Kim, Jang-Kyo, and Alma Hodzic. "Nanoscale characterisation of thickness and properties of interphase in polymer matrix composites." Journal of Adhesion 79, no. 4 (April 2003): 383–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218460309585.

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48

Williams, Ceri A., Emmanuelle A. Marquis, Alfred Cerezo, and George D. W. Smith. "Nanoscale characterisation of ODS–Eurofer 97 steel: An atom-probe tomography study." Journal of Nuclear Materials 400, no. 1 (May 2010): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.02.007.

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49

Schaarschuch, Rolf, Konrad Moras, Werner Riehemann, Boris Brendebach, and Hartwig Modrow. "Production and Characterisation of Ferromagnetic Nanoscale Metal Powders Produced by Laser Evaporation." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 220, no. 1_2006 (January 2006): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2006.220.1.59.

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50

Sitterberg, Johannes, Aybike Özcetin, Carsten Ehrhardt, and Udo Bakowsky. "Utilising atomic force microscopy for the characterisation of nanoscale drug delivery systems." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 74, no. 1 (January 2010): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.09.005.

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