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Academic literature on the topic 'Nanoporous gold electrodes'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nanoporous gold electrodes"

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Islam, Md Shafiul, Alan J. Branigan, Borkat Ullah, Christopher J. Freeman, and Maryanne M. Collinson. "The Measurement of Mixed Potentials Using Platinum Decorated Nanoporous Gold Electrodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 016503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac41f2.

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Potentiometric redox sensing in solutions containing multiple redox molecules was evaluated using in-house constructed nanoporous gold (NPG)-platinum (Pt) and unmodified NPG electrodes. The NPG-Pt electrode was fabricated by electrodepositing Pt into the nanoporous framework of a chemically dealloyed NPG electrode. By varying the concentration of the Pt salt and the electrodeposition time, different amounts of Pt were introduced. Characterization by SEM shows the pore morphology doesn’t change with the addition of Pt and XPS indicates the electrodes contain ∼2.5–24 wt% Pt. Open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements in buffer and solutions containing ascorbic acid, cysteine, and/or uric acid show that the OCP shifts positive with the addition of Pt. These results are explained by an increase in the rate of the oxygen reduction reaction with the addition of Pt. The overall shape of the potentiometric titration curves generated from solutions containing one or more bioreagents is also highly dependent on the amount of Pt in the nanoporous electrode. Furthermore, the generation of OCP vs Log [bioreagent] from the results of the potentiometric experiments shows an ∼2-fold increase in sensitivity can result with the addition of Pt. These results indicate the promise that these electrodes have in potentiometric redox sensing.
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Villani, Elena, Giovanni Valenti, Massimo Marcaccio, Luca Mattarozzi, Simona Barison, Denis Garoli, Sandro Cattarin, and Francesco Paolucci. "Coreactant electrochemiluminescence at nanoporous gold electrodes." Electrochimica Acta 277 (July 2018): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.215.

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Freeman, Christopher J., Borkat Ullah, Md Shafiul Islam, and Maryanne M. Collinson. "Potentiometric Biosensing of Ascorbic Acid, Uric Acid, and Cysteine in Microliter Volumes Using Miniaturized Nanoporous Gold Electrodes." Biosensors 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11010010.

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Potentiometric redox sensing is a relatively inexpensive and passive approach to evaluate the overall redox state of complex biological and environmental solutions. The ability to make such measurements in ultra-small volumes using high surface area, nanoporous electrodes is of particular importance as such electrodes can improve the rates of electron transfer and reduce the effects of biofouling on the electrochemical signal. This work focuses on the fabrication of miniaturized nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes with a high surface area and a small footprint for the potentiometric redox sensing of three biologically relevant redox molecules (ascorbic acid, uric acid, and cysteine) in microliter volumes. The NPG electrodes were inexpensively made by attaching a nanoporous gold leaf prepared by dealloying 12K gold in nitric acid to a modified glass capillary (1.5 mm id) and establishing an electrode connection with copper tape. The surface area of the electrodes was ~1.5 cm2, providing a roughness factor of ~16 relative to the geometric area of 0.09 cm2. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the nanoporous framework. A linear dependence between the open-circuit potential (OCP) and the logarithm of concentration (e.g., Nernstian-like behavior) was obtained for all three redox molecules in 100 μL buffered solutions. As a first step towards understanding a real system, the response associated with changing the concentration of one redox species in the presence of the other two was examined. These results show that at NPG, the redox potential of a solution containing biologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and cysteine is strongly influenced by ascorbic acid. Such information is important for the measurement of redox potentials in complex biological solutions.
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Collinson, Maryanne M. "Nanoporous Gold Electrodes and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistry." ISRN Analytical Chemistry 2013 (February 20, 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/692484.

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Nanoporous gold prepared by dealloying Au:Ag alloys has recently become an attractive material in the field of analytical chemistry. This conductive material has an open, 3D porous framework consisting of nanosized pores and ligaments with surface areas that are 10s to 100s of times larger than planar gold of an equivalent geometric area. The high surface area coupled with an open pore network makes nanoporous gold an ideal support for the development of chemical sensors. Important attributes include conductivity, high surface area, ease of preparation and modification, tunable pore size, and a bicontinuous open pore network. In this paper, the fabrication, characterization, and applications of nanoporous gold in chemical sensing are reviewed specifically as they relate to the development of immunosensors, enzyme-based biosensors, DNA sensors, Raman sensors, and small molecule sensors.
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Islam, Md Shafiul, and Maryanne M. Collinson. "Improved Sensitivity and Selectivity for the Redox Potentiometric Measurement of Biological Redox Molecules Using Nafion-Coated Platinum Decorated Nanoporous Gold Electrodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 057503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac68a1.

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Sensitivity and selectivity are two important figures of merit in analytical measurements, but in redox potentiometry, they are often limited. In this study, we describe how the potentiometric sensitivity and selectivity can be improved using nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes with hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, ascorbic acid, and a mixture of dopamine and ascorbic acid as the test analytes. The results show that the addition of platinum (Pt) to the nanoporous framework significantly improves electrode sensitivity for the analytes studied. Furthermore, it was only possible to potentiometrically detect hydrogen peroxide at the NPG-Pt electrodes. To further improve sensitivity and also impart some selectivity, the electrodes were spin-coated with Nafion. The addition of Nafion shifts the open-circuit potential to more positive values, increases sensitivity by almost a factor of 2, and imparts selectivity to the surface for the analysis of mixtures. Collectively, this works shows the promise of Pt-decorated nanoporous electrodes coupled with a Nafion film to improve the overall performance of redox potentiometry in analytical science.
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Deng, Yanping, Wei Huang, Xin Chen, and Zelin Li. "Facile fabrication of nanoporous gold film electrodes." Electrochemistry Communications 10, no. 5 (May 2008): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.03.003.

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Scanlon, Micheál D., Urszula Salaj-Kosla, Serguei Belochapkine, Domhnall MacAodha, Dónal Leech, Yi Ding, and Edmond Magner. "Characterization of Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for Bioelectrochemical Applications." Langmuir 28, no. 4 (October 26, 2011): 2251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la202945s.

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Quan, Xueling, Lee M. Fischer, Anja Boisen, and Maria Tenje. "Development of nanoporous gold electrodes for electrochemical applications." Microelectronic Engineering 88, no. 8 (August 2011): 2379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2010.12.121.

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Daggumati, Pallavi, Zimple Matharu, Ling Wang, and Erkin Seker. "Biofouling-Resilient Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for DNA Sensing." Analytical Chemistry 87, no. 17 (August 17, 2015): 8618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02969.

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Zhang, Chao, Jian Xiao, Lihua Qian, Songliu Yuan, Shuai Wang, and Pengxiang Lei. "Planar integration of flexible micro-supercapacitors with ultrafast charge and discharge based on interdigital nanoporous gold electrodes on a chip." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 24 (2016): 9502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02219g.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanoporous gold electrodes"

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Freeman, Christopher J. "Biosensing and Catalysis Applications of Nanoporous Gold (NPG) and Platinum-Speckled Nanoporous Gold (NPG-Pt) Electrodes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5473.

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The importance of porous materials has risen substantially in the last few decades due to their ability to reduce the size and cost of bioanalytical devices and fuel cells. First, this work aims to describe the fabrication of nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes that are resistant to electrode passivation due to fibrinogen biofouling in redox solutions. The effect on potentiometric and voltammetric experiments was seen as a deviation from ideal behavior on planar gold electrodes, whereas NPG electrodes were consistently behaving in a Nernstian fashion at low concentrations of ferri-ferrocyanide (£100 mM). An improvement in electrode behavior on NPG electrodes versus planar gold was seen in solutions containing ascorbic acid as well as blood plasma. Second, cost effective NPG electrodes were fabricated using a glass substrate to test the response in the presence of a variety of redox molecules. The optical transparency of these electrodes allowed for microdroplet measurements to be made using an inverted microscope in several redox solutions for validation and subsequent biological applicability. Nernstian behavior was demonstrated for all one- and two-electron transfer systems in both poised and unpoised solutions. All experiments were conducted using volumes between 280 and 1400 pL producing rapid results in less than one minute. Third, in order to decrease the requirement for complex instrumentation, microdroplet fabrication technique was used to create mini-nanoporous gold (mNPG) electrodes on glass capillary tubes. The cylindrical shape of the electrodes allowed for testing in sample volumes of 100 mL. The response to ferri-ferrocyanide, ascorbic acid, cysteine, and uric acid was then investigated with Nernstian behavior shown. However, the mNPG electrodes were insensitive to glucose and hydrogen peroxide. In order to increase the sensitivity of the electrodes, a minimal amount of platinum was electrodeposited onto the NPG surface using a low concentration of platinum salt (0.75 mM) for a short deposition time (2 seconds) producing a Nernstian response to both glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Lastly, to test the viability of crossover applications, the platinum incorporated NPG electrode was employed as a fuel cell anode material, testing their oxidation capability with methanol, ethanol, and formic acid.
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Ellenberg, Matthew C. "Evaluation of redox potential as a novel biomarker of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and shock using nanoporous gold electrodes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4471.

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EVALUATION OF REDOX POTENTIAL AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND SHOCK USING NANOPOROUS GOLD ELECTRODES Background: Redox potential is a chemical species’ affinity for electrons. Increased oxidant concentration is associated with disease1,2, yet there is not a way to measure systemic redox status.3 Redox potentiometry uses metal electrodes that do not work in blood because protein molecules adhere on the metal surface, blocking electron exchange. Methods: Nanoporous gold electrodes have large surface areas that allowed electron exchange to continue in blood.4 Redox potential was measured in blood with ascorbic acid, in cardiac bypass patients and pigs undergoing hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Results: Blood redox decreased with ascorbic acid addition, both in vitro and in vivo. It was more positive in patients undergoing cardiac surgery compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Preliminary studies were limited, but appear to show correlation to disease processes and medical therapies. More work needs to be done to further examine the relation of redox to disease and treatment.
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Shiue, Wen-Jing, and 薛文菁. "Determination of trace copper by underpotentialdeposition-stripping voltammetry at nanoporous gold electrode." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66025223582450798875.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學系專班
95
High surface area nanoporous gold electrodes with different roughness factors were prepared by alloy/dealloying process in room temperature ionic liquid. The underpotential deposition of copper ion at such electrode was examined and compared to other kind of gold electrodes. Application of nanoporous gold for the determination of trace copper ion by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and square wave anodic stripping voltametry (SWASV), using underpotential deposition as the deposition step has been examined and optimized. For ASV, the calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range of (10-90)×10-12 M Cu2+ using 300s deposition at 0.2V versus Ag/AgCl (1M KCl) , the detection limit and sensitivity are 8.15pM (3σ) and 0.830μA pM-1. For SWASV, the calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range (2-20)×10-12 M Cu2+ using 50s deposition at 0.2V , the detection limit and sensitivity are 0.12pM (3σ) and 1.572μApM-1. The nanoporous gold electrode was stable after 100 repeated determinations at trace concentration level. Spontaneously adsorbed monolayer systems employing 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid solution (MES) is used to form disorganized films on nanoporous gold electrode. Determination of trace copper by stripping of underpotential deposits was also performed at electrodes modified with disorganized films of MES. The results suggested the MES disorganized monolayer can improve the stability of the electrode surface.
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Lin, Hsiang-Ying, and 林湘瑩. "Application of a nanoporous gold electrode with the highly morphological recoverability for non-enzymatic glucose sensing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14967491699808401953.

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碩士
國立中興大學
化學系所
99
In this study, an enzyme-free glucose sensor has been developed by using a nanoporous gold (NPG) electrode. The intrinsic ultra-high surface area also substantially enhances the sensitivity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric detection are used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of glucose. The long-term storability and the stability of the electrode are strongly demonstrated. Specifically, The CV of glucose on the NPG shows that the initial oxidation of glucose starts at -0.9V. The potential is more negative than -0.4 V on a smooth Au (SAu). The interested potential negative shift is related to the unique nano-structure on the NPG. The interferences from some common interfering species, such as ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and p-acetaminophen (AP), are also successfully inhibited due to the intrinsic ultra-high surface area of NPG. The calibration curve shows a linear dependence in the glucose concentration range of 0.01–10.0 mM with an extra high sensitivity of 3769.6 µAmM−1 cm−2. The detection limit is 0.71 µM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3).
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Chien, Da-Jean, and 簡大展. "Integration of spectroelectrochemistry and spiral three-dimensional nanoporous gold electrode for the analysis of electroactive molecules." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23546168215485370276.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
醫藥暨應用化學研究所
100
In this study, we have developed a new attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroelectrochemical cell in which a nanoporous gold wire spiraled over the ZnSe crystal was used as the working electrode. With this system we can observe not only spectroelectrochemical behavior of target species but also the concentration fluctuation of reactants and products simultaneously. By monitoring the absorption bands variation of [Fe(CN)6]3- and [Fe(CN)6]4- at constant potential , a simple, effective and direct spectroelectrochemical sensing method is provided. In addition, the result demonstrates that the signal of ATR-IR can be increased with about 60% when a pontential was applied at the gold wire electrode. Further application on discriminating each individual component from the mixture of gallic acid and n-propyl gallate has been carried out. These two antioxidants are often used as additives in food industry. To singly use infrared spectrometer or electrochemical method is unable to distinguish the two compounds. However, to use the spectorelectrochemical method will be simple, effective and low cost method to achieve qualitative and quantitative analysis for the two compounds.
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Fan, Min-Chih, and 范敏芝. "Simultaneously Selective Detection of Dopamine and Ascorbic acid on a Novel Nanoporous Gold Electrode with the Highly Morphological Recoverability." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87035183847290212939.

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碩士
國立中興大學
化學系所
99
The electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) at conventional solid electrodes was interfered by the coexisted ascorbic acid (AA). In this study, we develop the nanoporous gold electrode to circumvent this problem. The nanoporous gold electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidations of DA and AA in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0).The results also indicated that the nanoporous gold electrode exhibited substantial enhancement in electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity for DA due to its large surface area. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of AA, DA and mixture. By CV and SWV, the separation of the oxidation peak potentials for dopamine–ascorbic acid were about 0.210 V and 0.232 V, respectively. The calibration curve for DA was obtained in the range of 0.1－10 μM. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 8.5 nM. In the presence of 0.5 mM AA, the calibration curve for DA was obtained in the range of 0.1－10 μM and the detection limit was 13 nM.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nanoporous gold electrodes"

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Swastic and Jegatha Nambi Krishnan. "Nanoporous Metallic Films." In Nanopores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95933.

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Nanoporous metallic films are known to have high surface to volume ratio due to the presence of pores. The presence of pores and ligaments make them suitable for various critical applications like sensing, catalysis, electrodes for energy applications etc. Additionally, they also combine properties of metals like good electrical and thermal conductivity and ductility. They can be fabricated using top-down or bottom-up approaches also known as dealloying and templating which give the fabricator room to tailor properties according to need. In addition, they could find potential applications in many relevant fields in current scenario like drug delivery vehicles. However, there is a long way to go to extract its whole potential.
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Singh, Babita, Sonali Singhal, and Tanzeel Ahmed. "Cosmetic and Medical Applications of Fungal Nanotechnology." In Mycology: Current and Future Developments, 238–58. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051360122030013.

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Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating atoms and molecules in the nanoscale - 80,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Nanotechnology is a revolutionary technology that is being used in many fields all over the world as it finds applications in automobiles, electronics, material science, etc. Fungal nanotechnology has great prospects for developing new products with industrial, agricultural, medicinal, and consumer applications in a wide range of areas. Nanotechnology has applications in the field of cosmetics, which are known as nanocosmetics. Various types of nanomaterials are employed in cosmetic and medical applications i.e. inorganic nanoparticles, Silica (SiO2 ), Carbon Black, Nano-Organic materials, Nano Hydroxyapatite, Gold, and Silver Nanoparticles, Nanoliposomes, etc. NPs have been explored and identified as carriers for drug delivery. New drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been applied in the treatment of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, microbial infections, and gene therapy. The benefits of these treatments are that the drug is targeted to diseased cells, and its safety profile is enhanced by the reduced toxic side effects to normal cells. In general, NPs can be conjugated with different types of drugs to deliver bioactive compounds to the target site by various methods, such as the use of nanotubes, liposomes, quantum dots, nanopores, and dendrimers. It is employed in fuel cell applications that involve polymers in the proton exchange membrane, binder for the electrodes, and matrix for bipolar plates.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nanoporous gold electrodes"

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Baharani, Shruti M., and Yong X. Gan. "Rationalizing the Fabrication Conditions for Nanoporous Gold." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34226.

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Electrochemical dealloying has proven to be an efficient way of fabricating nanoporous gold. The morphology of nanoporous gold can be tailored by controlling factors such as the etching time, temperature of the electrolyte used, composition of the alloy, pre and/or post heat treatment and voltage applied to suit applications such as fuel cell electrodes and sensors. This work aims at studying the effect of some of these factors, for example the electrolyte concentration on the dealloying processes, especially on the morphology. A model relating the factors including the processing parameters and the pore size is established by statistical approaches using the Design Expert 7.1 software. An equation that correlates the individual as well as the interaction effects on nanoporous gold is proposed. The validity of the equation is verified by existing research results and also by carrying out a series of tests.
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Li, Wenpeng, Xiaohua Yu, Huiling Liu, and Jingwei Ji. "Facile fabrication of nanoporous gold electrodes that demonstrate high electrochemical activity and used for glucose electrooxidation." In 2013 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2013.6893700.

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Radha Shanmugam, Nandhinee, Sriram Muthukumar, and Shalini Prasad. "Zinc Oxide Nanostructures as Electrochemical Biosensors on Flexible Substrates." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-9085.

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A novel flexible electrochemical biosensor for protein biomarker detection was successfully designed and fabricated on a nanoporous polyimide membrane using zinc oxide (ZnO). Nanostructures of ZnO were grown on microelectrode platform using aqueous solution bath. Electrochemical measurements were performed using gold, ZnO seed and nanostructured electrodes to study the influence of electrode surface area on biosensing performance. Feasibility analysis of sensor platforms was evaluated using high concentrations (in ng/mL) of troponin-T. The results showed that improved performance can be obtained on nanostructured platform by careful optimization of growth conditions. This study demonstrates the development of nanostructured ZnO flexible biosensors towards ultra-sensitive protein biosensing.
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Xia, Fan, Sixing Xu, Bingmeng Hu, Xinyan Jia, and Xiaohong Wang. "High-Frequency Micro Supercapacitors Based on High-Aspect-Ratio 3D Nanoporous Gold Interdigital Electrodes for On-Chip Filtering." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808275.

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Yoon, Hyeun Joong, Jin Ho Yang, Sang Sik Yang, and Eui-Hyeok Yang. "Microfabricated Nanowire Diluter for Controlled Assembly of Nanowires." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67865.

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The controlled assembly of nanowires is essential for nanoscale processes. The dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly process enables a very simple and efficient assembly; however, controlling the number and dimension of nanowires to bridge electrodes is extremely intricate. The micromachined nanowire diluter presented in this paper can automatically dilute and sort nanowires in solution without requiring conventional centrifuge equipment. The device consists of a glass substrate with an array of gold electrode pairs and a PDMS microchannel. Nickel nanowires (30 μm-long) were fabricated by a template-directed electrodeposition process using nanoporous alumina templates. A liquid solution containing nanowires was injected into an inlet of the diluter. Pulsed voltages were applied to 16 pairs of electrodes. The nanowires were subsequently trapped or released in the microchannel at specific pulsed electric fields. As a result, the number of nanowires at the outlet of the channel was dramatically reduced, implying that the device presented here can effectively dilute nanowire suspensions for controlled assembly.
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Kim, Y. H., G. H. Kim, J. Park, and S. D. Jung. "Highly efficient nanoporous gold-modified multi-electrode arrays for in vitro extracellular recording and stimulation performance." In 2016 IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmdc.2016.7777161.

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Taniguchi, Masateru, and Tomoji Kawai. "Development of Gating Nanopores for Next-Generation DNA Sequencing Using Mechanically Controllable Break Junctions." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-36014.

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We have developed two types of devices—vertical and parallel—for incorporating a microfluidic channel into a gating nanopore. The vertical device consists of a single nanogap electrode with a nanopore perpendicular to the surface of a silicon substrate. The parallel device is similar, except the nanopore is parallel to the surface of the substrate. Furthermore, while the vertical device was fabricated using nanofabrication technologies, the parallel device was fabricated using a mechanically controllable break junction that enables atomic-level control of the electrode gap; hence, measurement of single atoms and molecules is possible. Both devices can identify single gold nanoparticles passing through them by measuring the strength of their electrical signals. The parallel device can also identify the individual nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
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