Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nanophotonic chip

Academic literature on the topic 'Nanophotonic chip'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nanophotonic chip"

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Karabchevsky, Alina, Aviad Katiyi, Angeleene S. Ang, and Adir Hazan. "On-chip nanophotonics and future challenges." Nanophotonics 9, no. 12 (July 13, 2020): 3733–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0204.

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AbstractOn-chip nanophotonic devices are a class of devices capable of controlling light on a chip to realize performance advantages over ordinary building blocks of integrated photonics. These ultra-fast and low-power nanoscale optoelectronic devices are aimed at high-performance computing, chemical, and biological sensing technologies, energy-efficient lighting, environmental monitoring and more. They are increasingly becoming an attractive building block in a variety of systems, which is attributed to their unique features of large evanescent field, compactness, and most importantly their ability to be configured according to the required application. This review summarizes recent advances of integrated nanophotonic devices and their demonstrated applications, including but not limited to, mid-infrared and overtone spectroscopy, all-optical processing on a chip, logic gates on a chip, and cryptography on a chip. The reviewed devices open up a new chapter in on-chip nanophotonics and enable the application of optical waveguides in a variety of optical systems, thus are aimed at accelerating the transition of nanophotonics from academia to the industry.
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Van Laere, F., T. Stomeo, C. Cambournac, M. Ayre, R. Brenot, H. Benisty, G. Roelkens, T. F. Krauss, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets. "Nanophotonic Polarization Diversity Demultiplexer Chip." Journal of Lightwave Technology 27, no. 4 (February 2009): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2008.929414.

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Batten, Christopher, Ajay Joshi, Vladimir Stojanovic, and Krste Asanovic. "Designing Chip-Level Nanophotonic Interconnection Networks." IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems 2, no. 2 (June 2012): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2012.2193932.

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Ashtiani, Farshid, Angelina Risi, and Firooz Aflatouni. "Single-chip nanophotonic near-field imager." Optica 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.6.001255.

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Vaidya, V. D., B. Morrison, L. G. Helt, R. Shahrokshahi, D. H. Mahler, M. J. Collins, K. Tan, et al. "Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device." Science Advances 6, no. 39 (September 2020): eaba9186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba9186.

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We report demonstrations of both quadrature-squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number–resolving transition-edge sensors. We measure 1.0(1) decibels of broadband quadrature squeezing (~4 decibels inferred on-chip) and 1.5(3) decibels of photon number difference squeezing (~7 decibels inferred on-chip). Nearly single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations g(2) as high as 1.95(1). Multiphoton events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.
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Nehra, Rajveer, Ryoto Sekine, Luis Ledezma, Qiushi Guo, Robert M. Gray, Arkadev Roy, and Alireza Marandi. "Few-cycle vacuum squeezing in nanophotonics." Science 377, no. 6612 (September 16, 2022): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo6213.

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One of the most fundamental quantum states of light is the squeezed vacuum, in which noise in one of the quadratures is less than the standard quantum noise limit. In nanophotonics, it remains challenging to generate, manipulate, and measure such a quantum state with the performance required for a wide range of scalable quantum information systems. Here, we report the development of a lithium niobate–based nanophotonic platform to demonstrate the generation and all-optical measurement of squeezed states on the same chip. The generated squeezed states span more than 25 terahertz of bandwidth supporting just a few optical cycles. The measured 4.9 decibels of squeezing surpass the requirements for a wide range of quantum information systems, demonstrating a practical path toward scalable ultrafast quantum nanophotonics.
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Kakoulli, Elena, Vassos Soteriou, Charalambos Koutsides, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Silica-Embedded Silicon Nanophotonic On-Chip Networks." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 36, no. 6 (June 2017): 978–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2016.2611516.

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Martens, D., P. Ramirez-Priego, M. S. Murib, A. A. Elamin, A. B. Gonzalez-Guerrero, M. Stehr, F. Jonas, et al. "A low-cost integrated biosensing platform based on SiN nanophotonics for biomarker detection in urine." Analytical Methods 10, no. 25 (2018): 3066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00666k.

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Sabek, Jad, Luis Torrijos-Morán, Amadeu Griol, Zeneida Díaz Betancor, María-José Bañuls Polo, Ángel Maquieira, and Jaime García-Rupérez. "Real Time Monitoring of a UV Light-Assisted Biofunctionalization Protocol Using a Nanophotonic Biosensor." Biosensors 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9010006.

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A protocol for the covalent biofunctionalization of silicon-based biosensors using a UV light-induced thiol–ene coupling (TEC) reaction has been developed. This biofunctionalization approach has been used to immobilize half antibodies (hIgG), which have been obtained by means of a tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reduction at the hinge region, to the surface of a vinyl-activated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonic sensing chip. The response of the sensing structures within the nanophotonic chip was monitored in real time during the biofunctionalization process, which has allowed us to confirm that the bioconjugation of the thiol-terminated bioreceptors onto the vinyl-activated sensing surface is only initiated upon UV light photocatalysis.
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Liao Kun, 廖琨, 甘天奕 Gan Tianyi, 胡小永 Hu Xiaoyong, and 龚旗煌 Gong Qihuang. "On-Chip Nanophotonic Devices Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces." Acta Optica Sinica 41, no. 8 (2021): 0823001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.0823001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanophotonic chip"

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Kennedy, Matthew D. "Power-Efficient Nanophotonic Architectures for Intra- and Inter-Chip Communication." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1458232838.

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Chamanzar, Maysamreza. "Hybrid nanoplasmonic-nanophotonic devices for on-chip biochemical sensing and spectroscopy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50145.

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Hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures were introduced as novel platforms for on-chip biochemical sensing and spectroscopy. By appropriate coupling of photonic and plasmonic modes, a hybrid architecture was realized that can benefit from the advantages of integrated photonics such as the low propagation loss, ultra-high Q modes, and robustness, as well as the advantages of nanoplasmonics such as extreme light localization, large sensitivities, and ultra-high field enhancements to bring about unique performance advantages for efficient on-chip sensing. These structures are highly sensitive and can effectively interact with the target biological and chemical molecules. It was shown that interrogation of single plasmonic nanoparticles is possible using a hybrid waveguide and microresonator-based structure, in which light is efficiently coupled from photonic structures to the integrated plasmonic structures. The design, implementation, and experimental demonstration of hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures for lab-on-chip biochemical sensing applications were discussed. The design goal was to achieve novel, robust, highly efficient, and high-throughput devices for on-chip sensing. The sensing scenarios of interest were label-free refractive index sensing and SERS. Nanofabrication processes were developed to realize the hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures. Silicon nitride was used as the material platform to realize the integrated photonic structure, and gold was used to realize plasmonic nanostructures. Special optical characterization setups were designed and implemented to test the performance of these nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic structures. The integration of the hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures with microfluidics was also optimized and demonstrated. The hybrid plasmonic-photonic-fluidic structures were used to detect different analytes at different concentrations. A complete course of research from design, fabrication, and characterization to demonstration of sensing applications was conducted to realize nanoplasmonic and integrated photonic structures. The novel structures developed in this research can open up new potentials for biochemical sensors with advanced on-chip functionalities and enhanced performances.
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RAMINI, Luca. "Towards Compelling Cases for the Viability of Silicon-Nanophotonic Technology in Future Many-core Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389061.

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Many crossbenchmarking results reported in the open literature raise optimistic expectations on the use of optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs) for high-performance and low-power on-chip communications in future Manycore Systems. However, these works ultimately fail to make a compelling case for the viability of silicon-nanophotonic technology for two fundamental reasons: (1)Lack of aggressive electrical baselines (ENoCs). (2) Inaccuracy in physical- and architecture-layer analysis of the ONoC. This thesis aims at providing the guidelines and minimum requirements so that nanophotonic emerging technology may become of practical relevance. The key enabler for this study is a cross-layer design methodology of the optical transport medium, ranging from the consideration of the predictability gap between ONoC logic schemes and their physical implementations, up to architecture-level design issues such as the network interface and its co-design requirements with the memory hierarchy. In order to increase the practical relevance of the study, we consider a consolidated electrical NoC counterpart with an optimized architecture from a performance and power viewpoint. The quality metrics of this latter are derived from synthesis and place&route on an industrial 40nm low-power technology library. Building on this methodology, we are able to provide a realistic energy efficiency comparison between ONoC and ENoC both at the level of the system interconnect and of the system as a whole, pointing out the sensitivity of the results to the maturity of the underlying silicon nanophotonic technology, and at the same time paving the way towards compelling cases for the viability of such technology in next generation many-cores systems.
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Madani, Abbas. "Titanium Dioxide Based Microtubular Cavities for On-Chip Integration." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-219816.

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Following the intensive development of isolated (i.e., not coupled with on-chip waveguide) vertically rolled-up microtube ring resonators (VRU-MRRs) for both active and passive applications, a variety of microtube-based devices has been realized. These include microcavity lasers, optical sensors, directional couplers, and active elements in lab-on-a-chip devices. To provide more advanced and complex functionality, the focus of tubular geometry research is now shifting toward (i) refined vertical light transfer in 3D stacks of multiple photonic layers and (ii) to make microfluidic cooling system in the integrated optoelectronic system. Based on this motivation, this PhD research is devoted to the demonstration and the implementation of monolithic integration of VRU-MRRs with photonic waveguides for 3D photonic integration and their optofluidic applications. Prior to integration, high-quality isolated VRU-MRRs on the flat Si substrate are firstly fabricated by the controlled release of differentially strained titanium-dioxide (TiO2) bilayered nanomembranes. The fabricated microtubes support resonance modes for both telecom and visible photonics. The outcome of the isolated VRU-MRRs is a record high Q (≈3.8×10^3) in the telecom wavelength range with optimum tapered optical fiber resonator interaction. To further study the optical modes in the visible and near infrared spectral range, μPL spectroscopy is performed on the isolated VRU-MRRs, which are activated by entrapping various sizes of luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) within the windings of rolled-up nanomembranes based on a flexible, robust and economical method. Moreover, it is realized for the first time, in addition to serving as light sources that NPs-aggregated in isolated VRU-MRRs can produce an optical potential well that can be used to trap optical resonant modes. After achieving all the required parameters for creating a high-quality TiO2 VRU-MRR, the monolithic integration of VRU-MRRs with Si nanophotonic waveguides is experimentally demonstrated, exhibiting a significant step toward 3D photonic integration. The on-chip integration is realized by rolling up 2D pre-strained TiO2 nanomembranes into 3D VRU-MRRs on a microchip which seamlessly expanded over several integrated waveguides. In this intriguing vertical transmission configuration, resonant filtering of optical signals at telecom wavelengths is demonstrated based on ultra-smooth and subwavelength thick-walled VRU-MRRs. Finally, to illustrate the usefulness of the fully integrated VRU-MRRs with photonic waveguides, optofluidic functionalities of the integrated system is investigated. In this work, two methods are performed to explore optofluidic applications of the integrated system. First, the hollow core of an integrated VRU-MRR is uniquely filled with a liquid solution (purified water) by setting one end of the VRU-MRRs in contact with a droplet placed onto the photonic chip via a glass capillary. Second, the outside of an integrated VRU-MRR is fully covered with a big droplet of liquid. Both techniques lead to a significant shift in the WGMs (Δλ≈46 nm). A maximum sensitivity of 140 nm/refractive index unit, is achieved. The achievements of this PhD research open up fascinating opportunities for the realization of massively parallel optofluidic microsystems with more functionality and flexibility for analysis of biomaterials in lab-on-a-tube systems on single chips. It also demonstrates 3D photonic integration in which optical interconnects between multiple photonic layers are required.
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Prasad, Rohit. "Device integration of the CoBiSS spectrometer and modelisation of (L)SPR chip for the detection through CoBiSS." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0031.

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Aujourd’hui l’Internet des Objets (IdO) est en pleine évolution, et le dispositif de détection optique tel que présenté ici pourrait être utilisé dans ce domaine. En effet ces dispositifs pourraient être utilisé pour faire des tests pour une analyse comme la surveillance de la santé d'une personne en faisant un test sanguin ou d'autres analyses médicales et utilisés pour surveiller l'environnement en testant l'eau ou de l'air dans les villes, les montagnes, les usines, les rivières. Pour créer le dispositif, on a utilisé une combinaison du spectromètre nommé Spectromètre d'échantillonnage bi-directionnel couplé (CoBiSS) [Brevet WO2009127794A1] et une puce à résonance de Plasmon de Surface (SPR).Dans le but de l’intégration optique, une nouvelle analyse de l’échantillonnage dans le spectromètre CoBiSS est présentée, suivie de l'intégration du système électronique et optique pour supprimer les pièces mobiles. Il était nécessaire de rendre l'appareil petit et portable. Pour faciliter l'utilisation, une interface graphique a été développée. Pour la détection, une puce SPR a été ajouté à CoBiSS et une nouvelle puce à résonance de plasmon de surface localisée (LSPR) a été modélisé pour maximiser sa sensibilité. Une nouvelle définition du calcul de sensibilité a été proposée.Cet appareil nécessite l'ajout de fonctionnalisation sur (L)SPR Chip pour la détection et une application finale. Cet appareil pourrait être un « objet » idéale dans l’IdO
As the world is moving towards Internet of Things, an optical detection device is presented that can be utilized in this domain. This device can be used to do tests that use optical detection for analysis like monitoring of Health of a person by doing a blood test or other medical analysis and also be used to monitor environment by testing water or air in cities, mountains, factories, rivers and so on for a practical purpose. To create this optical detection device, a combination of spectrometer named Coupled Bi-Directional Sampling Spectrometer (CoBiSS) [Patent number WO2009127794A1] and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Chip has been used. For the optical integration, a new analysis of the sampling in the spectrometer CoBiSS is presented. Followed by, Device and Optical Integration of CoBiSS has been done to remove all the moving parts. It was necessary to make the device small that can be handheld and portable. For ease of use a Graphical User interface was developed. For detection, CoBiSS was added with a chip of SPR. A modelisation of SPR chip was done to maximize its sensitivity. A new Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) chip has been proposed to work with CoBiSS. Optimization of LSPR chip has been performed to maximize the sensitivity. A new definition for the calculation of Sensitivity has been proposed. This device needs the addition of functionalization on (L)SPR Chip for detection and a final application. This device could be an ideal “Thing” in Internet of Things
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Lin, Che-Yun. "Silicon integrated nanophotonic devices for on-chip optical interconnects." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5720.

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Silicon is the dominant material in Microelectronics. Building photonic devices out of silicon can leverage the mature processing technologies developed in silicon CMOS. Silicon is also a very good waveguide material. It is highly transparent at 1550nm, and it has very high refractive index of 3.46. High refractive index enables building high index contrast waveguides with dimensions close to the diffraction limit. This provides the opportunity to build highly integrated photonic integrated circuit that can perform multiple functions on the same silicon chip, an optical parallel of the electronic integrated circuit. However, silicon does not have some of the necessary properties to build active optical devices such as lasers and modulators. For Example, silicon is an indirect band gap material that can’t be used to make lasers. The centro-symmetric crystal structure in silicon presents no electro-optic effect. By contrast, electro-optic polymer can be engineered to show very strong electro-optic effect up to 300pm/V. In this research we have demonstrated highly compact and efficient devices that utilize the strong optical confinement ability in silicon and strong electro-optic effect in polymer. We have performed detailed investigations on the optical coupling to a slow light waveguide and developed solutions to improve the coupling efficiency to a slow light photonic crystal waveguides (PCW). These studies have lead to the demonstration of the most hybrid silicon modulator demonstrate to date and a compact chip scale true time delay module that can be implemented in future phased array antenna systems. In the future, people may be able to realize a photonic integrated circuit for optical communication or sensor systems using the devices we developed in our research.
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Ovvyan, Anna. "Nanophotonic circuits for single photon emitters." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1175896.

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Nanophotonic circuits for single photon emitters. The work demonstrated in this thesis is dedicated to the engineering, simulation, fabrica-tion and investigation of the essential element base to develop hybrid fully integrated nanopho-tonic circuit with coupled single photon emitter on chip. Combining several individually opti-mized stages of photonic devices, interconnected by nanoscale waveguides on chip with eva-nescently coupled single photon emitter, is a key step to the realization of such a scheme. The main requirements which should be satisfied for building such a hybrid system on-chip, and are thus the subject of this Thesis, are, namely: integration of single photon photostable source with high Quantum Yield (QY) on chip, efficient coupling of the emitted light to nanophotonic cir-cuits, and efficient filtering of the excitation light. Silicon nitride-on-insulator was used in all the projects described in this Thesis as the platform for the realization of photonic circuits. It provides low-loss broadband optical transparency covering the entire visible range up to the near infrared spectrum. Furthermore, sufficiently high refractive index contrast of Si3N4 on SiO2 enables tight confinement of the mode in the waveguide structure and the realization of photonic circuits with small footprint. A drastic increase of the coupling efficiency of the emitted light into the waveguide mode can be achieved by placing single-photon emitter on photonic crystal cavity because of its high Quality factor and small mode volume enabling a high Purcell enhancement. To this end, a novel cross-bar 1D freestanding photonic crystal (PhC) cavity was developed for evanescent integration of single photon emitter, in particular Nanodiamonds (NDs), onto the region of the cavity. The novelty of this photonic structure is that collection of emitted light is provided via waveguide, which consists of PhC, whereas direct optical excitation is obtained through a crossed waveguide in the orthogonal direction of the in-plane cavity. Optimization of the PhC cavity architecture was performed via rounds of simulations and ver-ified by experimental measurements of fabricated devices on chip, which were found in excel-lent agreement. The next round of simulations was performed to define an optimal position of the source in the cavity region to achieve maximum Purcell enhancement, which was realized via Local Density of States (LDOS) computation. Thus, placing a single photon emitter into a determined position on the cavity region of the developed cross-bar 1D freestanding PhC enables an increase in the transmission coupling efficiency into cavity up to =71% in comparison with computed 41% in the case of coupling into waveguide mode of cross-bar structure without PhC. To block the pump light and at the same time transmit the fluorescent emitted light, compact and low-loss cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) tunable filters in the visible region embedded within nanophotonic circuit, were realized. Tunability was provided via thermo-optic effect. The design of this device, namely geometry and shape of the microheater, was optimized via thermo-optic measurements, to achieve low electrical power consumption (switching power of 12.2 mW for the case of a spiral-shape microheater), high filtration depth and low optical insertion loss. The novel design with double microheaters on top of both arms of single and cascaded MZIs allows doubling the range of the shifting amplitude of the interference fringes. The demonstrated architecture of tunable filter is multifunctional, namely allowing transmission and filtering of the desired wavelengths in a wide wavelength range. In particular, filtration depth beyond 36.5 dB of light with 532 nm wavelength and simultaneous transmission of light with 738 nm wavelength, which correspond respectively to excitation and emission wavelength of the silicon-vacancy color center in diamond, was demonstrated. The results were published in Ovvyan, A. P.; Gruhler, N.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W. H. P. Cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer tunable filters. Journal of Optics 2016, 18, 064011 https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/18/6/064011 Another filter with non-repetitive stopband with bandwidth of several nanometers was developed in this thesis. A non-uniform Bragg grating filter with novel double Gaussian apodization was proposed, whose fabrication required a single lithography step. This optimized Bragg filter provides a 21 dB filtration depth with a 3-dB bandwidth of 5.6 nm, insuring negligible insertion loss in the best case, while averaged insertion loss in reflected signal is 4.1dB (including loss in splitter). One of the first Hybrid organic molecule Dibenzoterrylene (DBT) coupled on chip to a nanophotonic circuit was demonstrated in this thesis. DBT is a photostable single photon source in the near infrared spectrum at room and at cryogenic temperature, with almost unitary quan-tum yield. In order to protect the molecule against oxidization DBT was embedded in a host matrix – thin Anthracene crystal (DBT:Ac), which increases photostability. Mirror enhanced grating couplers were employed as convenient output ports for ridge Si3N4 waveguide to detect single photons emitted from integrated Dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules at room temperature. The coupling ports were designed for waveguide structures on transparent silica substrates for light extraction from the chip backside. These grating ports were employed to read out optical signal from waveguides designed for single-mode operation at λ=785 nm. DBT molecule was coupled evanescently to the waveguide, and upon excitation of isolated single molecule, emitted single photon signal was carried inside the waveguide to the outcou-pling regions. Using a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup pronounced antibunching dip was read out from a single molecule via the grating couplers, which confirms the quantum nature of the outcoupled fluorescent light. Simulated and measured transmission coupling efficiency of sin-gle photon emission into the waveguide mode equals =42%. The results were published in P. Lombardi*, A. P. Ovvyan*, S. Pazzagli, G. Mazzamuto, G. Kewes, O. Neitzke, N. Gruhler, O. Benson, W. H. P. Pernice, F. S. Cataliotti, and C. Toninelli. Photostable Molecules on Chip: Integrated Sources of Nonclassical Light. ACS Photonics 2018, 5, 126−132, DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00521. * P. Lombardi and A. P. Ovvyan contributed equally to this work. Engineered nanophotonic elements integrated in optical circuits with coupled single photon emitter on chip allow simultaneously to enhance the emitted light by coupling it into resonant PhC cavity modes, to spatially separate the excitation light from the enhanced single photon emission and to filter out pump light. Enhancement of the emission rate leads to a sig-nificant increase of the coupling efficiency into cavity. Beforehand performed simulations were an essential step in order to design, build and optimize the architecture of the nanophotonic devices. Local Density of States enhancement computation was especially necessary to pre-cisely determine optimized position of the source on PhC cavity region to obtain maximum enhancement of the emission rate. To evaluate transmission coupling efficiency of emitted light into the cavity (β-factor), an extra round of simulations was performed. The integrated photonic elements investigated and optimized in this Thesis, will be further employed for the realization of hybrid photonic circuits with integrated single photon sources: silicon-vacancy, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as well as single organic molecule and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes.
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Alton, Daniel James. "Interacting Single Atoms with Nanophotonics for Chip-Integrated Quantum Network." Thesis, 2013. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7832/7/Chapter_4.pdf.

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Underlying matter and light are their building blocks of tiny atoms and photons. The ability to control and utilize matter-light interactions down to the elementary single atom and photon level at the nano-scale opens up exciting studies at the frontiers of science with applications in medicine, energy, and information technology. Of these, an intriguing front is the development of quantum networks where N >> 1 single-atom nodes are coherently linked by single photons, forming a collective quantum entity potentially capable of performing quantum computations and simulations. Here, a promising approach is to use optical cavities within the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). However, since its first realization in 1992 by Kimble et al., current proof-of-principle experiments have involved just one or two conventional cavities. To move beyond to N >> 1 nodes, in this thesis we investigate a platform born from the marriage of cavity QED and nanophotonics, where single atoms at ~100 nm near the surfaces of lithographically fabricated dielectric photonic devices can strongly interact with single photons, on a chip. Particularly, we experimentally investigate three main types of devices: microtoroidal optical cavities, optical nanofibers, and nanophotonic crystal based structures. With a microtoroidal cavity, we realized a robust and efficient photon router where single photons are extracted from an incident coherent state of light and redirected to a separate output with high efficiency. We achieved strong single atom-photon coupling with atoms located ~100 nm near the surface of a microtoroid, which revealed important aspects in the atom dynamics and QED of these systems including atom-surface interaction effects. We present a method to achieve state-insensitive atom trapping near optical nanofibers, critical in nanophotonic systems where electromagnetic fields are tightly confined. We developed a system that fabricates high quality nanofibers with high controllability, with which we experimentally demonstrate a state-insensitive atom trap. We present initial investigations on nanophotonic crystal based structures as a platform for strong atom-photon interactions. The experimental advances and theoretical investigations carried out in this thesis provide a framework for and open the door to strong single atom-photon interactions using nanophotonics for chip-integrated quantum networks.
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Gao, Yuanda. "Graphene-Boron Nitride Heterostructure Based Optoelectronic Devices for On-Chip Optical Interconnects." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VM4C2Z.

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Graphene has emerged as an appealing material for a variety of optoelectronic applications due to its unique electrical and optical characteristics. In this thesis, I will present recent advances in integrating graphene and graphene-boron nitride (BN) heterostructures with confined optical architectures, e.g. planar photonic crystal (PPC) nanocavities and silicon channel waveguides, to make this otherwise weakly absorbing material optically opaque. Based on these integrations, I will further demonstrate the resulting chip-integrated optoelectronic devices for optical interconnects. After transferring a layer of graphene onto PPC nanocavities, spectral selectivity at the resonance frequency and orders-of-magnitude enhancement of optical coupling with graphene have been observed in infrared spectrum. By applying electrostatic potential to graphene, electro-optic modulation of the cavity reflection is possible with contrast in excess of 10 dB. And furthermore, a novel and complex modulator device structure based on the cavity-coupled and BN-encapsulated dual-layer graphene capacitor is demonstrated to operate at a speed of 1.2 GHz. On the other hand, an enhanced broad-spectrum light-graphene interaction coupled with silicon channel waveguides is also demonstrated with ∼0.1 dB/μm transmission attenuation due to graphene absorption. A waveguide-integrated graphene photodetector is fabricated and shown 0.1 A/W photoresponsivity and 20 GHz operation speed. An improved version of a similar photodetector using graphene-BN heterostructure exhibits 0.36 A/W photoresponsivity and 42 GHz response speed. The integration of graphene and graphene-BN heterostructures with nanophotonic architectures promises a new generation of compact, energy-efficient, high-speed optoelectronic device concepts for on-chip optical communications that are not yet feasible or very difficult to realize using traditional bulk semiconductors.
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(5929817), Saman Jahani. "On-Chip Quantum Photonics: Low Mode Volumes, Nonlinearities and Nano-Scale Superconducting Detectors." Thesis, 2019.

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Miniaturization of optical components with low power consumption fabricated using a CMOS foundry process can pave the way for dense photonic integrated circuits and on-chip quantum information processing. Optical waveguides, modulators/switches, and single-photon detectors are the key components in any photonic circuits, and miniaturizing them is challenging. This requires strong control of evanescent waves to reduce the cross-talk and bending loss as well as low mode volumes to increase light-matter interaction.

In this thesis, we propose a paradigm shift in light connement strategy using transparent all-dielectric metamaterials. Our approach relies on controlling the optical
momentum of evanescent waves, an important electromagnetic property overlooked in photonic devices. For practical applications, we experimentally demonstrate
photonic skin-depth engineering on a silicon chip to conne light and to reduce the cross-talk and bending loss in a dense photonic integrated circuit.

We demonstrate that due to the strong light connement in the proposed waveguides, it is possible to miniaturize and integrate superconducting nanowire singlephoton detectors (SNSPDs) into a silicon chip. The timing jitter and dark-count
rate in these miniaturized SNSPDs can be considerably reduced. Here, we propose a theoretical model to understand the fundamental limits of these nanoscale SNSPDs and the trade-off between timing jitter, dark-count, and quantum effciency in these detectors. We propose experimental tests to verify the validity of our model.

Switching/modulating cavity Purcell factor on-chip is challenging, so we have proposed a nonlinear approach to switch Purcell factors in epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials. We demonstrate fourfold change in the Purcell factor with a switching time of 50 fs. The work in this thesis can lead to a unique platform for on-chip quantum nanophotonics.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nanophotonic chip"

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Batten, Christopher, Ajay Joshi, Vladimir Stojanovć, and Krste Asanović. "Designing Chip-Level Nanophotonic Interconnection Networks." In Integrated Optical Interconnect Architectures for Embedded Systems, 81–135. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6193-8_3.

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Condrat, Christopher, Priyank Kalla, and Steve Blair. "Design Automation for On-Chip Nanophotonic Integration." In More than Moore Technologies for Next Generation Computer Design, 187–218. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2163-8_8.

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Seitz, Peter. "Nanophotonics for Lab-on-Chip Applications." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 151–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04850-0_22.

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Ahn, Jung Ho, Raymond G. Beausoleil, Nathan Binkert, Al Davis, Marco Fiorentino, Norman P. Jouppi, Moray McLaren, et al. "CMOS Nanophotonics: Technology, System Implications, and a CMP Case Study." In Low Power Networks-on-Chip, 223–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6911-8_9.

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Tang, Zhongliang, Grace Chao, Aurea Tucay, Erica Takai, Djordje Djukic, Mary Laura Lind, Clark Hung, et al. "XYZ on a Chip: Nanoscale fabrication, fluidics, and optics directed toward applications within biology and medicine." In Organic Nanophotonics, 127–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0103-8_12.

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Erdem, Talha, and Hilmi Volkan Demir. "On-Chip Integration of Functional Hybrid Materials and Components in Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics." In Ceramic Integration and Joining Technologies, 339–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118056776.ch12.

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Huang, Lujun, Lei Xu, and Andrey E. Miroshnichenko. "Deep Learning Enabled Nanophotonics." In Advances and Applications in Deep Learning. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93289.

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Deep learning has become a vital approach to solving a big-data-driven problem. It has found tremendous applications in computer vision and natural language processing. More recently, deep learning has been widely used in optimising the performance of nanophotonic devices, where the conventional computational approach may require much computation time and significant computation source. In this chapter, we briefly review the recent progress of deep learning in nanophotonics. We overview the applications of the deep learning approach to optimising the various nanophotonic devices. It includes multilayer structures, plasmonic/dielectric metasurfaces and plasmonic chiral metamaterials. Also, nanophotonic can directly serve as an ideal platform to mimic optical neural networks based on nonlinear optical media, which in turn help to achieve high-performance photonic chips that may not be realised based on conventional design method.
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"Blood Cleaner On-Chip Design." In Nanophotonics, 133–48. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17233-12.

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Khan, Sumaya, and Ishu Sharma. "Revolutionary Future Using the Ultimate Potential of Nanophotonics." In Photonic Materials: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications, 141–59. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049756123010011.

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As the world is modernizing, it is noteworthy to mention photonics and its categorization based on size. Despite the components of light being invisible to the human eye, nature never ceases to amaze us with its idiosyncratic phenomenon. Furthermore, the manipulation of the matter is confined to the nanoscale as a part of the progression. Adding nanotechnology to photonics emerges out as nanophotonics which is the cutting-edge tech of the twenty-first century. Human beings have acclimated to the concept of photonics, furthermore, nanophotonics is the science of miniaturization study, potentially helping the technology to modify itself into the sophistication of the equipment and thereby be of assistance in various disciplines of science and technology. One can illustrate nanophotonics by considering the fabrication processes of nanomaterials. In variegated applications, these nanoscale processes will refine and produce structures with high precision and accuracy. Meanwhile, groundbreaking inventions and discoveries have been going around, from communications to data processing, from detecting diseases to treating diseases at the outset. As one stresses on the idea of nanophotonics, it never reaches a dead-end, however, this explains how vast the universe and each of the components co-existing are infinitesimally beyond humans' reach. Nevertheless, nanophotonics and its applications bring about remarkable multidisciplinary challenges which require proficient and well-cultivated researchers. Despite the fact it has several advantages, it carries its downside, which requires a detailed analysis of any matter. Using state-of-the-art technology, one can constrict light into a nanometer scale using different principle methodologies such as surface plasmons, metal optics, near field optics, and metamaterials. The distinctive optical properties of nanophotonics call out specific applications in the electronics field such as interaction chips, tiny devices, transistor filaments, etc. When compared to conventional electronic integrated circuits, the pace at which data using nanophotonic devices is sent is exceptionally fast, accurate, and has a better signal processing capability. As a result of the integration of nanotechnology with photonic circuit technology, high-speed data processing with an average processing speed on the order of terabits per second is possible. Furthermore, nano-integrated photonics technology is capable of comprehensive data storage and processing, which inevitably lays the groundwork for the fabrication, quantification, control, and functional requirements of novel optical science and technology. The majority of applications include nanolithography, near-field scanning optical microscopy, nanotube nanomotors, and others. This explains about the working principle, different materials utilized, and several other applications for a better understanding.
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Basu, Prasanta Kumar, Bratati Mukhopadhyay, and Rikmantra Basu. "Spasers, and plasmonic nanolasers." In Semiconductor Nanophotonics, 450–80. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784692.003.0014.

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Abstract Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPASER) produces emitters called a spaser for localized surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and a plasmonic nanolaser for propagating SPPs. This chapter introduces the first proposal for a spaser and its theory of amplification, and a simplified model for a spaser, and then presents the first three reports on spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. The theory of amplification of propagating SPPs in metal-semiconductor based structures and the rate equation analysis predict the extremely high value of the threshold current density due to extremely high metallic losses and a large Purcell factor. However, more careful studies reveal a high modal gain in M-S structure and further experiments confirm lower threshold for plasmonic nanolasers having sub-diffraction dimensions but increasingly high thresholds for photonic nanolasers with such small sizes. The current status for spasers and some application areas like their use in plasmonic interconnects for IC chips are finally mentioned.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nanophotonic chip"

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Lee, Jaechul, Cédric Killian, Sébastien Le Beux, and Daniel Chillet. "Approximate nanophotonic interconnects." In NOCS '19: International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313231.3352365.

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Lipson, Michal. "High-confinement nanophotonic structures on chip." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2005, edited by Louay A. Eldada and El-Hang Lee. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.589621.

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Khial, Parham P., Alexander D. White, and Ali Hajimiri. "A Chip-Scale Nanophotonic Optical Gyroscope." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems (INERTIAL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isiss.2019.8739715.

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Van Thourhout, D., I. O’Connor, A. Scandurra, L. Liu, W. Bogaerts, S. Selvaraja, and G. Roelkens. "Nanophotonic Devices for Optical Networks-On-Chip." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2009.cmaa2.

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Lipson, Michal. "Nanophotonic Structures for Extreme Nonlinearities On-chip." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cth1f.1.

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Lipson, Michal. "Nanophotonic Structures for Extreme Nonlinearities On-Chip." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2014.fm3b.2.

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Chen, Xi, Moustafa Mohamed, Brian Schwartz, Zheng Li, Li Shang, and Alan Mickelson. "Racetrack Filters for Nanophotonic on-Chip Networks." In Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iprsn.2010.itub5.

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Hill, Daniel. "Nanophotonic Biosensors Within Lab on Chip Optical Systems." In International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005259500600068.

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Lu, Cuicui. "On-chip nanophotonic devices based on intelligent algorithm." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2020.s4f.1.

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Xu, Yi, Jun Yang, and Rami Melhem. "Tolerating process variations in nanophotonic on-chip networks." In 2012 ACM/IEEE 39th International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isca.2012.6237013.

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Reports on the topic "Nanophotonic chip"

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Dal Negro, Luca. Deterministic Aperiodic Structures for on-chip Nanophotonics and Nanoplasmonics Device Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578550.

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