Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques'
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Aboulaich, Abdelhay. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d'oxydes et d'oxydes métalliques par sol-gel non-hydrolytique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20126.
Full textAmorphous and crystalline nanoparticles (SiO2, SiO2-TiO2, TiO2 and SnO2) were prepared by non-hydrolytic sol-gel process. The synthesis is based on non-hydrolytic condensation reactions of metal chlorides MCln with isopropyl ether or tétraisopropoxyde corresponding metal. SiO2 nanoparticles have been used successfully for the preparation of nanocomposite polymer. The synthesized nanoparticles are reactive to nucleophile agent and are successfully used for the preparation of nanostructured layers
Racine, Bruno. "Agrégation de nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques dans divers milieux liquides." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5740.
Full textSouque, Matthieu. "Développement de conducteurs moléculaires et d'oxydes métalliques nanostructurés pour l'industrie aérospatiale." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30022.
Full textThe preparation of nanostructured materials by chemical methods yielded to competitive solutions for three applications chosen by Thales Alenia Space and the CNES. The main part of the work was dedicated to obtaining light and easy to handle materials for Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) shielding and absorption beyond 10 GHz, in order to ensure the EM Compatibility (EMC) in hermetic Radio Frequency (RF) electronic boxes on-board satellites. The developed colloidal solutions of the molecular conductor TTF-TCNQ can be directly deposited onto various substrates. The deposited films exhibit real and imaginary permittivities above 100 between 1 and 18 GHz and consequently excellent EMI shielding performance for a material density lower than carbon's. Composite materials containing this material have also been prepared to demonstrate the ability to control the material permittivities on purpose to prepare Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM). The second issue addressed during this work was conferring an antistatic property to a passive thermal control coating without degradation of its thermo-optical properties. The use of a chemical approach to nucleate ZnO particles into the resin yielded to 3 nm particles without agglomerates in the resin. The thermo-optical properties of these composites were superior to sonically dispersed particles prepared in the past. The Electrostatic Surface Discharge (ESD) tests were to be carried out at ONERA after this work. Last, we evaluated the performances of dosimeters whose sensitive material was nanostructured Sn/SnOx. Their sensibilities to gamma rays (measured at ONERA) were similar to the latest RADFET and they exhibited an excellent morphological stability under harsh solicitations
Auffan, Melanie. "NANOPARTICULES D'OXYDES MÉTALLIQUES : RELATIONS ENTRE LA RÉACTIVITE DE SURFACE ET DES RÉPONSES BIOLOGIQUES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348650.
Full textMais des questions se posent sur l'impact (éco)toxicologique engendré par la forte production de NPs. Une classification de l'(éco)toxicité des nano-oxydes en fonction de leurs propriétés redox a été proposée. Alors que des NPs chimiquement stables (γFe2O3) en milieux biologiques ne montrent aucune toxicité, des NPs ayant un pouvoir oxydant (CeO2) ou réducteur (Fe°) sont cytotoxiques pour Escherichia coli et génotoxiques pour les fibroblastes humains.
Auffan, Melanie. "Nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques : relations entre la réactivité de surface et des réponses biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308503.
Full textMais des questions se posent sur l'impact (éco)toxicologique engendré par la forte production de NPs. Une classification de l'(éco)toxicité des nano-oxydes en fonction de leurs propriétés redox a été proposée. Alors que des NPs chimiquement stables (γFe2O3) en milieux biologiques ne montrent aucune toxicité, des NPs ayant un pouvoir oxydant (CeO2) ou réducteur (Fe°) sont cytotoxiques pour Escherichia coli et génotoxiques pour les fibroblastes humains.
Auffan, Mélanie. "Nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques : relations entre la réactivité de surface et des réponses biologiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30074.
Full textThe growing interest in nanotechnology is comparable to a new industrial revolution. It affects also the environmental field since nanoparticles (NPs) provide solutions to several environmental issues. For instance, we have shown the strong retention efficiency of As (8As/nm2) by iron oxide NPs (6nm). This is linked to their large specific surface area and their strong surface reactivity, due to the presence of unusual adsorption sites and to the significant decrease of surface energy during adsorption. But some questions concern the (eco)toxicological impact arising from an increasing NPs production. A classification of the toxicity of oxide NPs as a function of their redox properties has been proposed. While chemically stable NPs (γFe2O3) in biological media have no apparent toxicity, NPs with a strong oxydant (CeO2) or reductive (Fe°) power appear cytotoxic for Escherichia coli and genotoxic for human fibroblasts
Dazzazi, Anass. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques par voie organométallique : vers des applications biomédicales." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1951/.
Full textThis manuscript describes a collaborative work between the University of Toulouse and the University of Rabat. This work is devoted to the development of metal oxide nanoparticles (gamma-Fe2O3 and ZnO) for biological applications (MRI or optical imaging). It focuses in particular on the development of methodologies for transforming hydrophobic nanoparticles prepared following organometallic chemistry to hydrophilic ones, and to study their properties. Methodologies of solvent exchange to transfer ZnO hydrophobic nanoparticles into water using Gémini ligand have been first developed. The well known "double layer" strategy turned to be much more complicated as expected. The use of amino-PEG surfactants leads to the direct formation of water-dispersible iron oxide nanoparticles. In a second step, the physical properties (optical or magnetic properties) of such nanoparticles were studied either in organic media or in water. In particular, we demonstrated that the optical properties of the ZnO nanoparticles are independent of the solvent but strongly depend on the surface state of the nanoparticles. The first example of a photocommutation of ZnO nanoparticles by a diarylethene photochromic dye has been described. Finally, ZnO nanoparticles stables in buffered solutions have been obtained and the first observation with a fluorescence microscope performed. The iron oxide nanoparticles have been tested as MRI contrast agents
Dalzon, Bastien. "Etude des réponses des macrophages aux nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques par une combinaison d'approches protéomiques et ciblées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV013.
Full textBecause of their properties, nanoparticles have generated opposed views. They are perceived as promising in many fields of application, particularly in medicine. Nanoparticles are currently used in many therapeutic approaches such as cancer therapy. However, in view of past health crises related to the repeated inhalation of crystalline silica particles and asbestos fibers, nanoparticles are also viewed as a source of potential risks for human health. Alveolar macrophages are now known to play a major role in the evolution of these two diseases. We thus chose to study both the positive and negative aspects of nanoparticles. In order to address a public health issue, our first project focused on the effect of different types of amorphous silica nanoparticles on the disruption of the main functionalities of macrophages. The main tests performed showed a significant effect on macrophages when amorphous silica nanoparticles were tested at subtoxic concentrations (lethal dose 20). However, we only observed minor effects when macrophages were exposed to a daily dose equivalent to the safety standards. For the second project we developed a Trojan horse strategy using macrophages to bring a significant quantity of photoactivatable nanoparticles to the tumor site so as to improve current radiotherapies. The first assays proved that Ferinject® was not toxic to macrophages even at high concentrations. Then, the pre-clinical experiments performed on mice validated our strategy because macrophages injected into the bloodstream were able to migrate toward the tumor
Tremblay, Mélanie. "Internalisation cellulaire de nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques à base de manganèse et de gadolinium, pour l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29220/29220.pdf.
Full textTo allow the application of new medical technologies such as regenerative cell therapy to humans, it is essential to be able to localize the tissue-implanted cells in vivo. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique of choice because of its excellent anatomical resolution. On the other hand, use of a contrast agent is required to label and keep track of the implanted cells as their intrinsic contrasts make them difficult to distinguish from surrounding tissue. Negative contrast agents like iron oxides are the most often considered tracking cells in vivo. A problem appears when quantification or determination of the exact location of a cell implantation is needed. Indeed, the presence of a negative artifact far exceeding the volume occupied by the cells compromises the accuracy of the technique. For these reasons, this project focuses on developing a methodology to label cancer cells using a positive contrast agent for MRI. This research project aims at evaluating the potential of manganese oxide (MnO) and gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles as contrast agents for cell labeling. Nanoparticles synthesized by co-workers were used in this project. The master's project described here consists of three (3) components: 1) development of a valid protocol of elemental analysis of Mn and Gd quantification in labeled cells, 2) development of a procedure for quantification of the MRI signal generated by cells labeled with paramagnetic contrast agent, and 3) demonstrating of the in vivo track ability by MRI, cells labeled with a paramagnetic agent. This project was punctuated by measures of cell viability and cell visualisation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to demonstrate the internalization of contrast agents into cells. The labeled cells were visualized by MRI in the form of cell pellets of various sizes, and implanted in mice by stereotactic methods to achieve a monitoring of cell proliferation in vivo. These studies measure the MRI signal generated by cancer cells labeled by MnO and Gd2O3 nanoparticles, using "T1 weighted" sequences. These studies show that paramagnetic nanoparticles can detect tens of thousands of locally implanted cells ( 20 000). This inherent limit should be taken into account in the settlement procedures using Gd and Mn based labels.
Garza-Guadarrama, Virginia De la. "Electrodes composites à base de polymères conducteurs et de nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques de type spinelle pour l'électrocatalyse : réduction d'oxygène." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13182.
Full textWe have shown the feasibility of preparing multilayered composite electrodes based on polypyrrole (PPy) and mixed valence oxide nanoparticules of nickel and cobalt (NixCo3-xO4 with x=1 and 0. 3). The spinel oxide (Ox) NixCo3-xO4 was dispersed and confined in an inner PPy(Ox) layer sandwiched between two PPy layers. The first layer was electrodeposited on glassy carbon (GC) platelets, so that the resulting electrode had the structure GC/PPy/PPy(NixCo3-xO4)/PPy. NixCo3-xO4 spinel oxides were synthesized by: thermal decomposition of nitrates, hydroxides co-precipitation and sol-gel (PECHINI). Physical methods were used to characterize the oxides before and after embedment in the composite electrodes. These composite electrodes exhibit high electrocatalytic reactivity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (orr) to constant potentials (<-1V/SCE) and remarkable stability in alkaline medium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the doping degree of PPy by Cl- ions. The mass of the oxide embedded in PPy was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and XPS. In this work, we have studied the parameters that control the formation and yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), obtained from the orr on CV/PPy/PPy(NixCo3-xO4)/PPy composite electrodes, with x=0. 3 and 1. The amounts of H2O2 produced by the rro, determined indirectly by iodine spectrometry, depend strongly on the oxide stoichiometry
Benchikhi, Mohamed. "Élaboration par chimie douce et caractérisations de semi-conducteurs nanométriques à base de sulfures (de type CuInS2) et d'oxydes (de type CuMoO4)." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1866/.
Full textThis manuscript decals with the elaboration by soft chemistry and the structural, morphological and physical characterization of semi-conductors based on: - Metallic sulfides CuInS2, CuIn(1-x)GaxS2, Cu2SnZnS4. - Metallic oxides CuMoO4, CuMo(1-x)WxO4. These materials exhibit potential applications on the field of photovoltaic conversion. The first part is concerned with the elaboration of nanoparticles of CuInS2 and Cu2SnZnS4. Tow synthesis methods are considered for the elaboration of these pure or doped sulfides, in the shape of nanometrical powders. The first method involves the reaction of metallic chlorides with a molten potassium thiocyanate medium (400°C). It is used for the first time for the synthesis of CuInS2 and Cu2SnZnS4. The second one is the polyol process. The precipitation occurs in ethylene glycol medium at 200°C. It is followed by a thermal treatment in molten potassium thiocyanate. The second part is devoted to the study of molybdates CuMo(1-x)WxO4 (With 0 = x= 0. 12). Four synthesis routes were used for the elaboration of these molybdates: solid state reactions, the Glycine-nitrate process (G. N. P), the acrylate way (steric trapping) and the citrate route. The syntheses were optimized and the powders obtained characterized by XRD and thermal analysis. The granulometry and the morphology of powders are dependent upon several parameters: The synthesis method, the source of copper, the pH, the citric acid/Cu ratio (Cit/Cu), the calcinations temperature and the concentration in tungsten. The gap of powders, evaluated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy varies between 2. 02 eV for the molybdate a-CuMoO4 and 1. 67 eV of the molybdate γ-CuMo0,88W0,12O4. The last part of this work is dedicated to the sintering processes were investigated: conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The relative densities obtained for the non doped molybdate are respectively 95 and 99%. The SPS sintered ceramic exhibits a grain size (0,5 micrometre) significantly lowers than that (2 micrometre) of the conventionally sintered ore. A preliminary study of the sintering of CuMo(1-x)WxO4 (With 0 = x= 0. 12) has shown that the structure and the microstructure of the ceramics obtained is dependent upon the sintering method and the tungsten content
Mrabet, Driss. "Synthèse de matériaux nanocomposites par assemblage de nanoparticules métalliques (Au, Cu) et d'oxydes de métaux (TiO₂, ZrO₂) pour application en catalyse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20597.
Full textMrabet, Driss. "Synthèse de matériaux nanocomposites par assemblage de nanoparticules métalliques (Au, Cu) et d'oxydes de métaux (TiO2, ZrO2) pour application en catalyse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25081/25081.pdf.
Full textHochepied, Jean-François. "Précipitation d'hydroxydes et d'oxydes métalliques en solution aqueuse : vers le contrôle morphologique d'objets multi-échelles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00574750.
Full textGirard, Adrien. "Étude du confinement acoustique dans des nano-structures métalliques et semiconductrices par diffusion Raman basse fréquence." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1106/document.
Full textInelastic light scattering spectroscopies (Raman/Brillouin) are a versatile tool to study thermal phonons at various scales. In nano-granular media, the study of acoustic phonons with a wavelength much greater than the grain diameter D (?/D >> 1) allows one to characterize the macroscopic elasticity governed by Hertz law of the contact. The validity of Hertz law is studied for powders made of oxide nanoparticles a few nanometers in diameter. When the phonon half-wavelength reaches the confinement dimension (diameter D for spheres, thickness e for plates) propagation is forbidden and mechanical resonances occur. Low frequency Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize the acoustic resonances of semiconducting nanoplatelets “dressed” with an organic surfactant layer. When the thickness becomes thin enough (e ~ 1 nm), the resonance frequency is significantly downshifted compared to a free platelet, attributed to a mass load effect due to the organic molecules. When the confining object is a metallic nano-dimer, both plasmonic and acoustic hybridization occur at the same time. The resonant excitation of the dimeric plasmon allows one to observe down to single nano-object scale the inelastic scattering by dimer hybridized dipolar vibration modes l=1 as well as non-hybridized modes with higher angular momentum l >2, known to be Raman inactive in this size range according to previously established selection rules. Possibilities for a new plasmon-vibration coupling mechanism are discussed
Sajjadi, Seyed Mohammad Hossein. "Étude des extractions de composés organiques à l'aide de liquides ioniques et nanoparticules d'oxydes de métaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0223/document.
Full textThis study concerns a simultaneous utilization of ionic liquids (Ils) and nanoparticles of metal oxides (NPs) to extracting organic compounds from aqueous and organic solutions. It was observed that the selectivity of organic compounds extracted with ILs makes is excellent and that may be enhanced when IL was used together with NPs. Two techniques were used to enhance the selectivity. At first, the liquid-liquid extraction was performed using a IL phase containing NP suspension in contact with an aqueous or organic phase. Secondly, the nanoextractors NPs/IL were directly dispersed in solution. The quality of results obtained was a complex function of ILs, NPs and organic compounds to be extracted. The mechanism of NP aggregate formation in aqueous solutions of ILs was also studied. It was demonstrated that the nanoaggregates formed with NPs are soaked with ILs and may act as IL nanoextractors. Results presented demonstrated that NPs/IL systems may be useful in extraction of organic compounds. Indeed, numerous extraction experiments made it possible to define optimal conditions to carry out successful extractions. The most promising results were obtained with extraction of diluted solutes
Dassié, Pierre-Igor. "Vers une approche intégrée de la synthèse et de la mise en forme d'oxydes métalliques par extrusion réactive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS131.pdf.
Full textA new one pot method for the synthesis and shaping of nanostructured metal oxides, based on the coupling of sol-gel chemistry and reactive extrusion process, was developed. To our knowledge, no literature is to be found about this topic so this work is situated at the frontier of such chemical systems’s knowledge. First, we worked on the synthesis and shaping of amorphous aluminosilicates with hierarchical porosity (micro/meso/macroporous) and zeolitic feature. Extrudates were obtained, those solids show fine textural properties (specific surface area above 800 m2/g, porous volume above above 0.6 cm3/g). Furthermore, they demonstrate increased acidity properties compared to standard amorphous aluminosilicates. Their catalytic activities were appraised by m-xylene isomerization and methanol dehydration and were found to be actually better than a catalyst with zeolite Y (for an activity calculed at iso-weight). Then we worked on the synthesis and shaping of boehmite (γ-AlOOH). First, we tryed to adapt an aluminium salts based co-precipitation reaction to our process. Afterward, we change the chemical reaction to aluminium alkoxides hydrolysis/condensation (without solvent). This later reaction was especially interesting, both in the validation of the reactive extrusion process (process intensification, thermal integration) as well as in the products textural properties
Dassié, Pierre-Igor. "Vers une approche intégrée de la synthèse et de la mise en forme d'oxydes métalliques par extrusion réactive." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS131/document.
Full textA new one pot method for the synthesis and shaping of nanostructured metal oxides, based on the coupling of sol-gel chemistry and reactive extrusion process, was developed. To our knowledge, no literature is to be found about this topic so this work is situated at the frontier of such chemical systems’s knowledge. First, we worked on the synthesis and shaping of amorphous aluminosilicates with hierarchical porosity (micro/meso/macroporous) and zeolitic feature. Extrudates were obtained, those solids show fine textural properties (specific surface area above 800 m2/g, porous volume above above 0.6 cm3/g). Furthermore, they demonstrate increased acidity properties compared to standard amorphous aluminosilicates. Their catalytic activities were appraised by m-xylene isomerization and methanol dehydration and were found to be actually better than a catalyst with zeolite Y (for an activity calculed at iso-weight). Then we worked on the synthesis and shaping of boehmite (γ-AlOOH). First, we tryed to adapt an aluminium salts based co-precipitation reaction to our process. Afterward, we change the chemical reaction to aluminium alkoxides hydrolysis/condensation (without solvent). This later reaction was especially interesting, both in the validation of the reactive extrusion process (process intensification, thermal integration) as well as in the products textural properties
Khelifa, Hocine. "Propriétés diélectriques des nanofluides : tenue diélectrique, électrisation statique, décharges partielles et décharges surfaciques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0048.
Full textThis thesis explores developing, preparing, and characterizing nanofluids (NFs) to enhance the dielectric performance of insulation liquids commonly used in power transformers, including synthetic esters, natural esters, and mineral oils by incorporating different types of nanoparticles (NPs). These later being conducting (Fe3O4, C60, Gr), semi-conducting (ZnO and CuO), and insulating (Al2O3, ZrO2, SiO2, and MgO). The study aims to improve dielectric properties, including the AC breakdown voltage, partial discharge (PD) resistance, electrostatic charging tendency, and surface discharge characteristics. A comprehensive analysis covering the historical evolution, preparation techniques (one-step and two-step methods), and stabilization mechanisms essential for achieving stable nanofluids with optimal dielectric properties is presented. The preparation protocols of NFs, as well as the various experimental set-ups and methods used to characterize them dielectrically, are then described. The impact of NP characteristics, such as the type, size, concentration, and surface treatment, on the dielectric performance of base liquids is systematically assessed. The experimental data are then analyzed using statistical tools such as the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test and Weibull probability analysis, and the voltages corresponding to 1%, 10%, and 50% risk levels were determined. The involved mechanisms in the improvement/deterioration of AC breakdown voltage are discussed. The experimental results indicate that nanofluids (NFs) significantly enhance the dielectric properties by reducing partial discharge activity, the electrostatic charging tendency, and the stopping length of surface discharges. This improvement is achieved by influencing charge mobility within the liquids. Both conducting and insulating nanoparticles (NPs), particularly Fe3O4 and Al2O3, demonstrate substantial benefits, which can help mitigate breakdown events and extend equipment longevity. Additionally, the interaction of nanoparticles at solid-liquid interfaces affects surface discharge behaviors, further supporting the role of nanofluids in enhancing insulation durability
Siron, Valérie. "Stabilité de nanoparticules d'oxyde métallique et effets toxicologiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077138.
Full textAs they are small, the nanoparticules which one of the dimensions is inferior to 100 nm, are used in many processes (textile, cosmetics,. . . ) and some nanomaterials are already included in consumer goods. Despite the rise of nanosciences, few studies have determined the ecotoxicological and environmental impact of the nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to find some answers to these issues. To do so, the study of the biological interactions between ZnO nanoparticles (semi conductor incorporated in the sunscreen composition), and a Escherichia coli, a bacteria présent in the environment, was performed. The toxic behaviour of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated in two media: a growth medium Luria Bertani (LB), and an environmental medium, Seine river water. The results obtained in this work show that the toxic impact studies of nanoparticles needed a pluridisciplinary approach. Indeed, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of nanoparticles were evidenced in this work, but a comparison of the biological effects obtained during incubation with Zn2+ ions, suggested the partial dissolution of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was confirmed by solubility experiments performed in both media. The composition of the medium influences the potential toxicity of ZnO. The implication of oxidative stress in the mechanisms of nanoparticles toxicity was observed by using a mutant strain for the superoxide dismutase enzyme
George, Isabelle. "Translocation de nanoparticules d'oxyde métallique au travers de la barrière respiratoire." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077210.
Full textThe widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs) in many fields involves evaluating their potential adverse effects on human health. The respiratory tract represents the major route of exposure after NP exposure. In this context, our aim was the evaluation of NP translocation across an in vitro human bronchial epithelial monolayer in function of their physic-chemical characteristics and the state of epithelial integrity. For this purpose we used fluorescently labeled metal oxide NPs of different chemical composition, size and surface charges. Three cellular models (the human bronchial Calu-3 and NCI-H292 and alveolar A549 cell lines) were tested and the Calu-3 model appears to be the most appropriated for in vitro development of a tight epithelium after culture in a two compartments chamber. We have demonstrated that all NPs could translocate through transcytosis according to their NP physico-chemical characteristics. Indeed we have determined that: i) Smaller NPs cross more than the larger ones, ii) Negative NP translocation is higher than for positive NPs and iii) Protein or lipid corona formation around NPs induce a modulation of the translocation. The state of integrity of the epithelial monolayer is also an important issue for NP translocation. Epithelial tight junction opening after an inflammatory context led to a significant increase of NP passage through the paracellular route. In conclusion, this study have demonstrated the NP capacity to translocate across epithelial barriers and the interest to develop in vitro cellular models for studying the importance of NP physico-chemical characteristics as well as the state of integrity of the monolayer in this mechanism
Glaria, Arnaud. "Généralisation d'une approche de synthèse par voie organométallique, à température ambiante, de nanoparticules monocristallines d'oxydes métalliquess : étude de leurs propriétés optiques ou magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/157/.
Full textOur group has recently developed an organometallic synthetic approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. The aim of this thesis is to generalise this method to other metal oxide nanoparticles with a size smaller than 5 nm. This work deals with the synthesis and the study of metal-oxide nanoparticles exhibiting either luminescent (ZnO) or magnetic properties (Gamma-Fe2O3, Co3O4, CoFe2O4, FeO or CoO). In the first part of this thesis, we show that adding an organolithium precursor during the ZnO nanoparticles synthesis modifies their growth mechanism. Therefore, the size of the particles is directly related to the amount of the organolithium precursor and varies from 2. 5 to 4. 3 nm. In this way, colloidal solutions and nanoparticles in the solid state are obtained which display a luminescence in the visible range from yellow to blue through white. In the second part, we show the generalisation of this approach to magnetic nanoparticles such as Gamma-Fe2O3 and CoFe2O4. We show therefore the variation of the interactions between the particles depending on the experimental conditions. Finally, we show that we can also adapt this approach to the synthesis of unstable phases such as FeO and CoO. The last part of this manuscript deals with the synthesis of metallic particles (Fe, Co, Zn) using an amine-borane complex as reducing agent of our organometallic complexes
Astudillo, Neira Catalina Andrea. "Nanoparticules d'oxyde de nickel et de cobalt incorporées dans des films de polypyrrole en tant que matériau électrocatalytique efficace pour l'oxydation de l'eau." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV016.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of highly active and stable anodes for electrocatalytic water oxidation under near-neutral pH conditions, based on nickel or cobalt or nickel/iron oxide nanoparticules embedded into a poly(pyrrole-alkylammonium) matrix. Prepared by an all-electrochemical procedure, these nanocomposite materials are highly nanostructured with sizes of metal oxide particle between 20 and 30 nm, which are well dispersed into the polypyrrole film, conferring a great electroactive surface area and thus a high electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation at near neutral pH of 9.2. These performances place these nanocomposite based electrodes among the most active anodes described in the literature employing either nickel or cobalt or nickel/iron oxide at pH 9.2. In addition, when the nanocomposite material is electrodeposited on porous ITO, the physisorption of the nanocomposite film is considerably enhanced and consequently its catalytic activity is very stable beyond 24 h of electrolysis. This work demonstrates the beneficial role of positively charged polypyrrole matrix in the preparation of small particles of metal oxide and in the achievement of highly stable and active anodes for water oxidation
Nguyen, Thi Quyen. "Développement de photoélectrodes hybrides via l'assemblage d'un photosensibilisateur à base de ruthénium et d'un nanocatalyseur métal-oxyde métallique pour la génération d'O2 solaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30046.
Full textIn this work, different nanostructured catalytic systems have been synthesized by an organometallic approach to produce nanoparticles (NPs) of small size and narrow size distribution, and their catalytic activity in the water oxidation reaction has been evaluated. First Fe NPs stabilized by oleic acid were synthesized that displayed an average size of ca. 10 nm ± 1.1 nm. A gamma-Fe_2O_3 oxide layer ca. 2.6 nm thick has been formed at their surface to obtain Fe@FeOx core-shell structure of ca. 11.5 ± 2.3 nm in diameter. Despite their hydrophobicity, these nanoparticles showed good electrocatalytic activity in alkaline conditions. As the gamma-Fe_2O_3 oxide shell is well adapted to the grafting of phosphonic groups, these Fe@FeOx NPs were grafted with different aminophosphonic acids in order to transfer them into water. Preliminary assessment of their catalytic activity showed improved activity for the NPs functionalized by 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid which opens promising prospects. Subsequently, a Ru-phenanthroline light-harvester with a pendant phosphonate group was synthesized and grafted onto the Fe@FeOx core/shell NPs to afford a novel hybrid photoanode for solar-driven water splitting. Mono- and biphasic processes were investigated to graft the Ru-complex at the surface of the NPs. The monophasic process was found to be more efficient as it provided a higher grafting density at the surface of the NPs (respectively 56 and 9 Ru per nanoparticles for the mono and biphasic processes). Photoelectrochemical measurements showed that the hybrid nanocatalyst comprising the highest Ru content was ca. 9-fold more catalytically active than a simple mixture between a ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer bearing no grafting group and the Fe@FeOx nanoparticles, and 40-fold more active than the pristine Fe@FeOx NPs. The performance enhancement could be attributed to a more efficient electron transfer between the ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer and the Fe@FeOx water oxidation catalyst thanks to the covalent bonding between these two components. The covalent grafting was found to improve not only the photocatalytic activity but also the stability of the system. Finally, amorphous NiFe NPs (diameter ca. 4 nm) with two different ratios between Ni and Fe (Ni_0.5Fe_0.5 NPs and Ni_0.68Fe_0.32 NPs) were synthesized, oxidized in air and grafted with 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid in order to obtain hydrophilic systems. The electrocatalytic activity of these water-soluble NPs was studied in alkaline solution, in comparison with that of crude NiOx NPs, FeOx NPs, and Ni_0.1Fe_0.9Ox NPs. The water soluble NPs containing 32 % of Fe (Ni_0.68Fe_0.32Ox) showed the highest activity and a good durability in alkaline solution. These characteristics make these amorphous NPs potentially applicable in photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting
Zheng, Ce. "Synthèse de nano-amas d'oxyde métallique par implantation ionique dans un alliage Fe10Cr de haute pureté." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS091/document.
Full textODS (Oxide Dispersed Strengthened) steels, which are reinforced with metal dispersions of nano-oxides (based on Y, Ti and O elements), are promising materials for future nuclear reactors. The detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the precipitation of these nano-oxides would improve manufacturing and mechanical properties of these ODS steels, with a strong economic impact for their industrialization. To experimentally study these mechanisms, an analytical approach by ion implantation is used, to control various parameters of synthesis of these precipitates as the temperature and concentration. This study demonstrated the feasibility of this method and concerned the behaviour of alloys models (based on aluminium oxide) under thermal annealing. High purity Fe-10Cr alloys were implanted with Al and O ions at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the nano-oxides appear in the Fe-10Cr matrix upon ion implantation at room temperature without subsequent annealing. The mobility of implanted elements is caused by the defects created during ion implantation, allowing the nucleation of these nanoparticles, of a few nm in diameter. These nanoparticles are composed of aluminium and oxygen, and also chromium. The high-resolution experiments show that their crystallographic structure is that of a non-equilibrium compound of aluminium oxide (cubic γ-Al₂O₃ type). The heat treatment performed after implantation induces the growth of the nano-sized oxides, and a phase change that tends to balance to the equilibrium structure (hexagonal α-Al₂O₃ type). These results on model alloys are fully applicable to industrial materials: indeed ion implantation reproduces the conditions of milling and heat treatments are at equivalent temperatures to those of thermo-mechanical treatments. A mechanism involving the precipitation of nano-oxide dispersed in ODS alloys is proposed in this manuscript based on the obtained experimental results, and the existing literature
Richardson, Yohan. "Nouvelles stratégies catalytiques pour la gazéification de la biomasse : génération in-situ de nanoparticules à base de nickel ou de fer au cours de l'étape de pyrolyse." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20098.
Full textThis exploratory research work aimed at studying an original catalytic strategy for biomass gasification which consists in inserting into the lignocellulosic matrix of wood, by impregnation, a salt of Ni or Fe whose catalytically active phases for tar conversion reactions are generated in-situ during the pyrolysis stage. The characterization of the metal impregnated wood samples reveals that electrostatic adsorption, ion-exchange and metal complexation within hemicelluloses, lignin and cellulose microfibrills are involved in the mechanisms of metal cations insertion, resulting in a very high metal dispersion into the lignocellulosic matrix. The study of the nickel species evolution during wood pyrolysis demonstrates the formation of quasi-monocristalline Ni0 nanoparticles (NPs) in the temperature range 400-500°C, the carbon atoms acting as the reducing agent. In the same temperature range, the Fe species are transformed into amorphous FeOx NPs. The pyrolysis tests performed at 700°C reveal that the nickel catalyst is more efficient for enhancing H2 production and reducing the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the iron catalyst exhibits better performances for reducing total tar production. From a mechanistic standpoint, it is suggested that the presence of highly dispersed metal species into the lignocellulosic matrix strongly impacts the mechanisms of primary pyrolysis. Moreover, the secondary pyrolysis reactions are strongly modified by the in-situ generation of Ni0 and FeOx NPs considered as the active phases for tar conversion and water gas shift reactions. Potential interests of the new nanocomposite materials Ni0/C and FeOx/C as obtained are discussed
Valour, Arnaud. "Synthèse d'oxyde de zinc dopé azote sous formes de poudre et de couche mince : caractérisation du type de semiconductivité." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S014/document.
Full textCette thèse fait suite à des travaux ayant permis, de manière non reproductible, la stabilisation de l'oxyde de zinc de type-p (p-ZnO:N) sur une période de plus de deux ans par décomposition de ZnO2 sous flux de NH3. L'objectif de ces travaux était de maîtriser de manière reproductible la synthèse de p-ZnO:N sous formes de poudre, puis de couche mince, dans l'optique de réaliser des homojonctions p-ZnO:N/n-ZnO ayant de potentielles applications dans le domaine de l'optoélectronique. Dans ce but, différents paramètres de la synthèse ayant permis initialement l'obtention de p-ZnO:N fortement lacunaire en zinc (20%) ont été étudiés sans aboutir de nouveau à la stabilisation du caractère-p. La formation in-situ d'impuretés NO3- mise en évidence conduit à une ambiguïté quant à l'origine du type-p dans notre matériau. Parallèlement, une nouvelle voie de synthèse a été mise en place, en utilisant l'approche colloïdale, permettant d'obtenir des nanocristaux de ZnO inférieurs à 10 nm facilement convertibles en nanoparticules de ZnO2 par simple traitement avec une solution diluée d'H2O2 à température ambiante. Le matériau final ZnO:N est obtenu après nitruration sous flux d'ammoniac à 250°C. Ces résultats ont été efficacement transposés à la réalisation de couches minces (CM) de ZnO:N par dip-coating, mais les mesures Mott-Schottky ont également révélé une conductivité de type-n pour tous les échantillons. Enfin, les résultats préliminaires des calculs théoriques menés en parallèle de cette thèse nous ont amenés à reconsidérer les conditions de synthèse pour favoriser l'insertion de NH3 / NH4+ lors de la préparation des échantillons dans la quête de p-ZnO:N
Sharma, Nipun. "Self-organization of silver nanoparticles with femtosecond laser in TiO2 matrix : Applications to plasmonic colours, multiple hidden images and Colour Image-Multiplexing." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES032.
Full textSelf-organization of metallic nanoparticles in a medium is an efficient and a low-cost way to produce plasmonic systems that can be used for applications to active colour display, image encoding, and security. Such nanocomposite systems must be synthesized in form of stable films which could be coated on any kind of surface for laser processing. This doctoral thesis focuses on laser‐induced self‐organization of nanocomposite thin films of silver and mesoporous titania.In this work, we first investigate synthesizing mesoporous TiO2 thin films using hydrolytic process, which is easy to implement, to provide crystallized films starting at 100°C. First activation energies in mesoporous TiO2 films using Raman spectroscopy in combination with the phonon quantum confinement model are reported in this work. Further, growth mechanisms of nanocrystals in mesoporous TiO2 films are investigated in form of ellipsometric measurements highlighting its effect on film porosity and crystallinity with annealing temperature.The second study demonstrates fabrication of different nanocomposite structures using femtosecond laser scanning technique, triggering growth and self-organization of silver nanoparticles inside porous amorphous titania matrix giving rise to plasmonic dichroic colours. Further investigation on the parametric study of such nanocomposites gives rise to different nanostructures at two different scan speed regimes, which are formed at the surface and are embedded below due to excitation of surface and the guided modes. The flexibility of this laser-based marking technology also allows to fabricate hybrid nanostructures composed of different adjacent nanostructure types, interlaced to cover large areas. An extension of this study is concluded on plastic/flexible substrates to encode diffractive printed images. Here surface nanostructures (LIPSS) are formed by using the control of laser polarization and thus grating orientation, which is used to encode grey-level images that can be observed in diffraction modes.Further, this study is concluded by producing three image multiplexing which can be observed in three selected modes of observation under white light in reflection with non-polarized light and transmission between polarizers for two different polarization angles. This is due to the fact that the film birefringence and dichroism can be controlled to produce unprecedented colour gamuts for multiplexing. Such smart laser processing on nanocomposite thin films gives rise to artistic and security applications by encoding different images up to three under same area
Ghalgaoui, Ahmed. "Adsorption et dynamique femtoseconde de molécules de CO adsorbées sur des nanoparticules épitaxiées : sonde optique non linéaire, effet de taille et de support." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692450.
Full text"Synthèse de matériaux nanocomposites par assemblage de nanoparticules métalliques (Au, Cu) et d'oxydes de métaux (TiO2, ZrO2) pour application en catalyse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25081/25081.pdf.
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