Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanoparticules – Croissance'
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Abécassis, Benjamin. "Suivi in situ de la nucléation-croissance de nanoparticules d'or." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285508.
Full textYUAN, Zheng. "Croissance de Nanoparticules de Pd sur surfaces de HOPG préstructurées." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058639.
Full textNahas, Yasmine. "Croissance et magnétisme de nanoparticules organisées d'alliages sur surfaces d'or." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077223.
Full textThe magnetic properties of nanometer size objects cause a large interest in technological applications as well as in the fundamental point of view. Ordered growth allows to obtain nanostructures with a controlled size and density. This work presents variable temperature experiments of the growth of various elements on Au(111) and Au(788) surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope. Some common features are extracted: surface alloying at hight temperature, incorporation inducing perturbations of the herringbone reconstruction, quasi-unidimensional confinement and islands strings at low temperature. The thermodynamic properties of each element show a strong influence on the growth. After a detailed study on simple elements, the organized growth of alloys has been done for the first time. Fe-Pt alloys nanodots well characterized, regular in size and ordered, were obtained. Systems with various concentrations of magnetic atoms can be elaborated with a strong robustness to the annealing and a long range order. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements on Co-Au core-shell nanostructures show an increase of the magnetic anisotropy energy. Beyond the morphology, the atomic structure and the relaxations are important to interpret the magnetic measurements of alloy nanostructures
Bouet, Nathalie. "Croissance de nanoparticules CoxPt100-x : effets dûs à l’échelle nanométrique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2020.
Full textAbecassis, Benjamin. "Suivi in situ de la nucléation-croissance de nanoparticules d'or." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0070.
Full textYuan, Zheng. "Croissance de Nanoparticules de Pd sur surfaces de HOPG préstructurées." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4817/document.
Full textNanoparticles exhibit size-related properties that different from those observed in bulk materials. Nanoparticle research has attracted intense interest due to its great potential applications. It has been shown that some metallic nanoparticles are catalytically active and effective, such as-Palladium.The aim of this thesis is to study the formation of Pd nanoparticles deposited on pre-structured HOPG (Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite) surfaces in order to optimize their size, density and surface stability. Three major steps were taken in our studies: preparation of substrates, deposition of Pd and characterization of samples by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Substrats preparations itself contains two steps : the creation of defects by Aun+ clusters implantation or by bombardment of Co2 ions, followed by thermal oxidation. These steps give the formation of hales with controlled depth and diameter, which serve as anchoring sites for Pd nanoparticles.The STM measurements have allowed us to establish the relationships between the quantity of deposited Pd and the size of Pd nanoparticles formed on the HOPG surface. Two growth modes were clearly observed which are related to the defect sizes created on the HOPG surface. Nanoparticles are present either in the form of pearl necklace or in the form of isolated particles. These samples were then characterized by catalytic measurements in organic synthesis (Heck) and gas catalysis (CO oxidation)
Angelo, Da Silva Monique. "Tensioactifs hydroxylés comme agent de croissance pour la synthèse de nanoparticules anisotropes d’or." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCR0019.
Full textGold nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted great interest owing to their particular optical properties, strongly dependent on the size and aspect ratio (thickness/length), and thus their potential applications in optics and medicine (therapy, cancer diagnosis. . . ). In this context, the development of new strategies for the synthesis of anisotropic nanorods with high yields and selectivities remains a challenge towards an effective control of the size and morphology. Among the different preparation routes, the seed mediated method is most commonly used, especially in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a growth-driving agent. To our knowledge, few works have been reported in the literature in presence of other growth driving agents. In this context, we have developed a novel family of growth driving agents, N,N-dimethyl-N-cetyl-N-hydroxyalkylammonium salts (HAAX), producing gold nanorods with high yields and selectivities in water. These surfactants have good solubility in water and are easily synthesized in good yields and different structural parameters could be modulated such as : i ) the length of the lipophilic chain (C12 , C16 , C18), ii ) the nature of the counter ion by anionic metathesis (X- = F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, HCO3 - and BF4 -), and more particularly iii) the hydroxylated polar head. The gold nanoparticles obtained by the seed mediated method were characterized by UV -vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, showing the influence of the surfactant on the morphology and on the size (aspect ratio). Thus, this family of easily tunable ammonium salts allows access to various shapes and sizes of gold nanoparticles according to the desired target and opens interesting perspectives in terms of applications
Al, Gharib Sarah. "Dynamique de nucléation/croissance avec et sans réaction chimique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF003.
Full textIn the first part, the study addresses the elementary steps of the nucleation dynamics in the processes of metal ion reduction, in particular the double role of the sodium citrate as the reducing species and the stabilizer also played in the Turkevich method of nanoparticles hot synthesis. For that purpose, we used the techniques of the gamma and pulse radiolysis in order to find out the initiating step of the silver atom formation requiring a reduction potential of the reducing agent (citrate), lower than the strongly negative one of the couple Ag⁺/Ag⁰. The radiolytic yield and the transient spectrum of the citrate oxidized radical Cit(-H)• (from the OH• scavenging) have been established. The silver ion-citrate solutions, even containing already nanoparticules are stable., From the yields values and kinetics obtained under irradiation, the free Ag⁺ or Agn⁺ reduction is thus not due to the first electronic transfer from the citrate and citrate itself is a weak reducing species (E°Cit(-H•)/Cit > 0.4 VNHE ), but to the strongly reducing radiolytic species hydrated electron and H• atoms.Then Ag₂⁺ is reduced by the second electron transfer, i.e.. from the radical Cit(-H)• to CO₂+DCA. The reduction potential of Cit(-H)• is thus calibrated as E°Ag⁺/Ag⁰ = - 1.8 VNHE < E°(CO₂+DCA)/ Cit(-H)• < E°(Ag₂⁺/Ag₂) = -1.2 VNHE . We conclude that the corresponding reactions in the Turkevich synthesis mechanism is initiated by the partial reduction of Ag+ as a silver mirror on the walls, followed by the diffusion of the Cit(-H)• radical so formed to the solution and the reduction in the bulk.In the second part, Nucleation and growth of crystallites are induced by the shockwave of a single laser nanosecond pulse in highly supersaturated solutions of potassium nitrate (saltpeter). The kinetics of the turbidity resulting from the light diffraction by the growing crystals is observed by time-resolved optical spectroscopy. With an optical path of 1 cm, we first focus on the initial part of the increase but it is limited by the detection system to only 3;5% of the total growth. Remarkably, in this domain and for all supersaturation concentrations studied (s = 1.6 to 2.05) the turbidity increase is proportional to time. This zero order process with a constant accretion rate constant implies that not only the solution concentration decay is negligible, but that the nuclei and growing crystals concentration also remain constant. This concentration may be determined from the final crystal size, measured at the end of the growth by microscopy. Moreover, the number of accretion sites per crystal should be constant and they are identified as the apexes. In contrast, the kinetics detected with shorter optical paths enable us to observe larger parts of the total growth (up to 38% with 1 mm of optical path). After the linear part, the turbidity increase is now markedly accelerated, as if the edges and facets sites, the number of which increases rapidly with the crystal size, were also fixing the molecules. The complete analysis of the kinetics concludes to an anisotropic growth of the crystals with an accretion rate constant on these edges and facets sites much lower than on the apexes. However, this contribution becomes predominant when the crystals develop to a larger size. The anisotropic growth would explain in particular the natural acicular shape of large potassium nitrate crystals
Dureuil, Virginie. "Croissance et propriétés structurales de nanoparticules de cobalt sur alumine amorphe." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077188.
Full textLouhab, Krim. "Nucléation et croissance électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine sur substrats de carbone." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0057.
Full textSenger, Antoine Le Normand François. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1102/01/SENGER_Antoine_2008_restrict.pdf.
Full textFeiden, Pierre. "Nucléation et évaporation de nanoparticules en phase gazeuse." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112313.
Full textThis work deals with the study of nanoparticles formation in gas phase and their dissociation pathways after an optical excitation. The clusters formation decomposes in two steps: a seed is formed (nucleation phase) and sticks atoms during its propagation in a sodium atomic vapor (growth phase). Those two steps have been observed separately for homogeneous Nan and heterogeneous NanX particles (X = (NaOH)2 or (Na2O)2). The growth mechanism is well interpreted by a Monte Carlo simulation taking into account an accretion mechanism with hard-sphere cross section. The homogeneous nucleation mechanism has been highlighted by a direct comparison with the Classical Nucleation Theory predictions. The clusters fragmentation of ionic Na+(NaOH)p et Na+(NaF)p particles is studied in the second part. The way clusters fragment with size when they are excited optically is compared with theoretical previsions: this highlights the existence of an energetic barrier for special size of clusters. Finally, the fragmentation of doubly charged Na+ Na+ (NaOH)p clusters shows a competition between the fission into two single charged fragments and the unimolecular evaporation of a neutral fragment
Corde, Joëlle. "Photo-croissance de nanoparticules d'argent dans des couches SiO2/TiO2 : contrôle des propriétés optiques et électriques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPXX0022.
Full textVandenhecke, Ellick. "Nanostructuration de surfaces diélectriques par pulvérisation ionique pour guider la croissance de nanoparticules métalliques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2272/document.
Full textOn the one hand, the aim of this work is to understand and control the formation of periodic nanometric ripples produced by ion sputtering of dielectric thin films. On the other hand, these nanostructured surfaces are used to guide the growth and organization of silver nanoparticles. These anisotropic systems are characterized by a surface plasmon resonance whose spectral postion is dependent on the polarization of the incident light. We first study the influence of different ion beam sputtering parameters (the ions incidence angle and energy, temperature, energy, flux, fluence) on the ripple morphology (period, amplitude, order, ...) by AFM and GISAXS. The relevant parameters for the control of the ripple morphology are identified as well as some of the physical mechanisms involved. Then, we study the influence of the growth conditions on the structural properties of the nanoparticles (metal deposition angle, ripples pattern quality) by HAADF-STEM. We show that the preferential growth along the ripples is promoted by shadowing effects, thus leading to the formation of linear chains with period similar to the underlying ripples and with more or less elongated and aligned nanoparticles. This results in a far-field tunable optical anisotropy arising from polydisperse interparticle gaps (less than a few nanometers) as well as from more or less strong near-field coupling phenomena. These structures could offer potential for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications
Senger, Antoine. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : Mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés." Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SENGER_Antoine_2008.pdf.
Full textA kinetic model for the growth of carbon nanotubes is develloped based on experimental data obtained by TEOM-CCVD synthesis of CNTs. The model takes into account associative decomposition of hydrocarbon on the surface of the catlytic particle, surface and volume diffusion, nucleation and growth of CNTs solved by finite differnce method. The surfacic process seems to be the rate determining step. To take into account microscopic scale effects a MEAM based programm is developped to analyse the path followed by an atom of carbon from the the catalytic facet to the graphitic shell of the CNT to determine whether the diffusion is volumic, sub-surfacic or surfacic. An experimental method to obtain ultra-high density assemblies of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is the Plasma-Enhanced CCVD. Monte-Carlo numerical simulations are developped to analyse the magnetic properties of such devices. We show that an aspect ratio superior to 4 does not change the magnetic propreties of the system and that we could reach with such devices a density of 10 Tbits/inch², 20 times more than what is done at the moment
Gibaud, Stéphane. "Etude du ciblage des organes hematopoietiques a l'aide de nanoparticules : application a la doxorubicine et au g-csf (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) vectorises a l'aide de nanoparticules de polyalkylcyanoacrylates." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114823.
Full textRousseau, Carole. "Vectorisation du G-CSF à l'aide de nanoparticules de polyalkycyanoacrylates." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P201.
Full textDesforges, Alexandre. "Nucléation et croissance de nanoparticules métalliques dans une matrice organique poreuse : application à la catalyse." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813982.
Full textBesson, Sophie Marie Catherine. "Films organisés de silice mésoporeuse : Synthèse, caractérisation structurale et utilisation pour la croissance de nanoparticules." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0012.
Full textVayssières, Lionel. "Precipitation en milieu aqueux de nanoparticules d'oxydes : modelisation de l'interface et controle de la croissance." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066747.
Full textCombettes, Ségolène. "Croissance et morphologie de nanoparticules coeur-coquille Fe@Au facettées : une étude expérimentale et théorique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30162.
Full textThe association of two metals in bimetallic nanoparticles (NP) allows the combination of the physical properties of the two metals or the enhancement of one of them. In addition, the chemical configuration adopted by bimetallic NPs plays an important role in the behavior of the two metals with respect to each other, and of the nanoparticles with respect to the external environment. Therefore, it is essential to be able to control the growth as well as the final morphology of these NPs. The work presented in this thesis concerns Fe@Au core-shell NPs. In this configuration, the gold shell protects the iron from oxidation preserving its strong magnetic properties. Moreover, gold has interesting optical properties and is a very good candidate for anchoring of biological molecules. Therefore, Fe@Au NPs have optical and magnetic properties, allow the anchoring of drugs to their surfaces and are thus interesting candidates for many applications. However, mastering their properties requires the control of their morphology and of their chemical order. This thesis work is therefore devoted to the study of the growth mechanisms and the final morphology of Fe@Au NPs. To achieve this, a combined experiment/simulation study was undertaken. First, Fe@Au NPs were synthesized in an ultrahigh-vacuum magnetron sputtering device and their growth mechanism was studied by varying several parameters during the synthesis. The structure and the morphology of the synthesized NPs were then studied using advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques. NPs adopting an original morphology, with a cubic iron core and truncated pyramids of gold on each side of the cube, we especially showed the influence of the quantity of deposited gold on the morphology of the iron core. Some properties, in particular catalytic, of the obtained NPs have also been explored. In parallel, we also carried out a theoretical study in order to model the deposition of gold on the iron core by Monte Carlo simulations. Several interatomic potentials needed to describe the interactions present in the Fe-Au system have been parameterized and tested. The results of the simulations show that the shape of the Fe@Au NPs changes with the amount of deposited gold on the iron core, in agreement with experimental observations. Finally, since silver has very similar properties to gold, the Fe-Ag system has also been studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The observed differences between the two systems can be attributed to the differences in Fe/Au and Fe/Ag interface energy
Bisson, Laure. "Nanoparticules de palladium de morphologies contôlées : application en catalyse d'hydrogénation sélective." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066569.
Full textMoukarzel, Waêl. "Synthèse et caractérisation de glycosilicones et leur application à la préparation et stabilisation de nanoparticules d'or." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1628/.
Full textCoupling a siloxane chain with various functional groups leads to polymers with new properties combining the flexibility of the chain with the properties of the functional groups. Accordingly, we wanted to study the grafting of saccharide groups on polysiloxane polymers. In the first part of this thesis, a new, smooth, efficient and fast method has been developed for the preparation of linear or hyperbranched polysiloxanes with lateral or terminal sugar groups. The preparation is done without the use of protecting groups for sugars. It avoids the use of acid or alkaline conditions for the deprotection thus preventing the decomposition of the siloxane chains before and after grafting the sugars. The polymers were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, IR and Size Exclusion Chromatography. These "glycosilicones" with grafting rate and weights adjustable at will, were subsequently used to efficiently stabilize preformed gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution even at high ionic strengths. The reducing properties of amino sugars used in this thesis for the synthesis of glycosilicones were used for a direct synthesis of nanoparticles under milder conditions than in conventional synthesis methods (such as reducing the gold salt with sodium borohydride). These amino sugars (glucosamine, glucamine) play the role of both reducing agents and stabilizers in aqueous media. The advantage of this method lies in the use of a single nontoxic reagent which can be useful for using these nanoparticles in biological tests. The one pot synthesis occurs at room temperature and leads to the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a good yield, but also induces anisotropic growth leading to the production of star shaped or multi-branched nanoparticles with very high yields. The size and number of branches of nano-stars were modulated by adjusting the experimental conditions. They were characterized regarding to their morphology, stability and optical properties by electron microscopy and UV spectroscopy
Antad, Vivek. "Contrôle de la croissance et de la réactivité de nanoparticules métalliques par spectroscopie optique in situ." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646410.
Full textAntad, Vivek Vishwanath. "Contrôle de la croissance et de la réactivité de nanoparticules métalliques par spectroscopie optique in situ." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/35759283-29ff-4bbd-a574-690c779b5431.
Full textA non-intrusive in situ surface differential reflectance spectroscopy (SDRS) is adapted on a magnetron sputtering deposition technique in order to study the optical properties of metal: dielectric nanocomposites in real-time during their alternate depositions. SDRS is helpful in studying optical properties of metal nanoclusters which are dominated by the surface plasma resonance (SPR), which is sensitive, not only to the morphology and organization of the nanoclusters, but also to their physical and/or chemical surroundings. Hence, to establish the correlation between the optical properties of nanoclusters and their nanostructure, post mortem high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and grazing-incidence smallangle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) techniques are implemented. Following the signature SPR in real-time helps us not only to understand the different growth regimes through which the metal nanoclusters evolve, but also to study the effects caused by the physical and/or chemical treatments (such as, exposure of nanoclusters to different gases, either non-ionized or partially ionized, thermal annealing, and low-energy plasma annealing). Finally, the influence of a dielectric (Si3N4) capping matrix on the optical properties of the metal nanoclusters is equally studied after each physical and/or chemical treatment. In this way, the in situ optical spectroscopy allows us to monitor the optical properties of nanocomposites thin films during all the deposition steps and the additional post mortem structural characterization techniques help us to understand the different phenomena taking place at the nanoscale
Desmoulins-Krawiec, Sophie. "Elaboration de particules nanostructurées de nitrures et d'oxynitrures métalliques en milieu fluide supercritique : étude et modélisation des mécanismes de croissance des particules." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12815.
Full textMacroscopic and microscopic supercritical fluids properties can be easily tuned by weak variations of pressure and temperature near their critical point. So they represent an interesting alternative for nanomaterials synthesis. In this study we achieved an explorative research about thermal decomposition of metal precursors to allow a controlled synthesis of metal nitride nanoparticles in supercritical fluid. This decomposition, in supercritical conditions, permits to feed reactive media with metal atoms that react with supercritical ammonia to form nitride nanostructured particles. The aim is to couple within the material, intrinsic properties of nitrides with properties linked to nanoscopic scale. Firstly, we studied experimental parameters effect on material chemical composition and on material morphology in order to define the process potentialities. We showed that the limiting factor for this process is the oxygen presence in the experimental set-up which induces the formation of oxinitride. Next, we focus our researches on nickel nitride, Ni3N. Chemical and structural analysis revealed an insertion of oxygen atoms in the Ni3N structure. Nevertheless, we showed experimental conditions effect on morphology of synthesized material in supercritical ammonia. In addition, a preliminary study on magnetic properties of powders was performed. Finally, a numeric model to predict spherical nanostructured aggregates size evolution versus experimental parameters (residence time, precursor concentration, temperature ) was developed
Levard, Clément. "Nanoparticules naturelles : imogolites et allophanes. Structure, mécanismes de croissance et capacité de rétention des éléments traces métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368753.
Full textDans un premier temps, une étude sur des composés synthétiques analogues aux aluminosilicates a permis d'approfondir nos connaissances sur la structure et les mécanismes de formation des imogolites et allophanes. La synthèse de nanotubes de type imogolite (Si-imogolite et Ge-imogolite) a pu être optimisée ouvrant ainsi les portes à de potentielles applications industrielles. Enfin, notre étude a permis de mettre en avant le rôle important des nanoparticules naturelles sur la dynamique du Ni dans un andosol de la Réunion. Ainsi, près de 80% du Ni est lié aux aluminosilicates structurés à courte distance.
Boualleg, Malika. "Nouveaux catalyseurs hétérogènes bien définis obtenus par croissance contrôlée d’une matrice silicique nanostructurée autour de nanoparticules métalliques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10155.
Full textNew materials containing nanoparticles were prepared by the control growth of a mesostructured silica matrix around differents metal colloids (Ru, Pt, Pd, Au). This original methodology led to the selective and regular localisation of small metal nanoparticles in the pores, in the walls, or both in the pores and in the walls of mesostructured silica matrixes. These materials were obtained by: i) the preparation hydrophilic/hydrophobic metal colloids. ii) the growth of silica around these colloids via a solgel process, and using a template. iii) the removal of the surfactant to release the porosity and the NPs surface. The colloidal solutions and the materials were characterised with several techniques such as N2 adsorption/desorption, T.E.M, XRD, WAXS, elemental analysis... Besides, their catalytic performances were tested in propene hydrogenation, isobutane dehydrogenation or CO oxidation and were compared to those of a reference catalyst
Battie, Yann. "Mécanismes de croissance in situ et propriétés optiques de nanoparticules d'argent spatialement organisées dans des films diélectriques mésostructures." Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET4023.
Full textRamjauny, Yaasiin. "UN SYSTEME MODELE POUR ETUDIER LE COMPORTEMENT DE NANOPARTICULES D'OR SOUS IRRADIATION." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00565145.
Full textUng, Diane. "Nanoparticules métalliques anisotropes synthétisées par voie chimique : fils, plaquettes et particules hybrides de cobalt-nickel, propriétés structurales et magnétiques ; fils d'argent auto-organisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202393.
Full textPour le système cobalt-nickel, l'analyse des différents paramètres de la réduction en milieu polyol indique que la concentration de soude et la composition cobalt-nickel sont des facteurs clefs pour contrôler la morphologie des particules. Différentes formes ont été synthétisées : des fils nanométriques de 8 nm de diamètre, des plaquettes mais aussi des particules de formes plus originales telles que des haltères. Les variations de morphologie sont marquées par des modifications structurales et des différences de compositions chimiques locales. Les fils se développent suivant l'axe c de la structure hexagonale et les extrémités des particules sont souvent enrichies en nickel. Les études magnétiques de ces particules montrent que les variations des propriétés magnétiques sont intimement liées à leur forme. L'analyse du système avant réduction révèle que l'origine de ces formes résulte d'une différence de réactivité du cobalt et du nickel dans le milieu.
En ce qui concerne la formation induite par un template, des fils métalliques de 6 nm et de longueurs microniques alignés en 2D ont pu être synthétisés un milieu biphasique polyol/toluène. Ils proviennent certainement d'une organisation et d'une coalescence orientée de particules d'argent le long des fibres de thiolate d'argent.
Raulin-Woznica, K. "Etude du dopage par des ions actifs et des nanoparticules semi-conductrices de matériaux sol-gel pour l'optique. Interaction dopant-matrice et croissance localisée de nanoparticules par irradiation laser." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414072.
Full textRaulin-Woznica, Katarzyna. "Étude du dopage par des ions actifs et des nanoparticules semi-conductrices de matériaux sol-gel pour l'optique : interaction dopant-matrice et croissance localisée de nanoparticules par irradiation laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10100/document.
Full textThis work concerns the elaboration by sol-gel process and the characterization of porous SiO2 xerogels doped with active ions and/or with semiconducting nanoparticles of CdS. The aim of the study was to contribute to the comprehension of the doping effects on structural and optical properties of the final material. We showed by Raman spectroscopy and nitrogen absorption-desorption that the insertion of active ions, such as Cd2+, Pb2+ or Eu3+, changes the kinetics and the mechanisms of the gelation and densification of the network of SiO2. The choices of the pH and of the concentration of the doping ion have distinct effects on the kinetics. This study was completed by emission spectroscopy using Eu3+ ion as luminescent probe to describe the environment of this ion in the porous matrix. The SiO2 xerogels were post-doped with CdS nanoparticles. The post-doping technique consists in the diffusion of an aqueous solution containing cadmium and sulphur precursors in the porous matrix. The nanoparticles crystallize in situ by heat treatment. The nanoparticle size and their emission properties were determined by UVvisible absorption as well as emission and excitation spectroscopies. The results showed the influence on optical properties of trap levels introduced by the surface defects of nanoparticles and an enhancement of the Eu3+ emission in SiO2 xerogel co-doped with CdS :Eu3+. A second method for the formation of CdS nanoparticles was used. CdS microstructures were created locally by pulsed laser irradiation of sol-gel matrices containing the CdS precursors
Dominique, Claire. "Etude d'une décharge à pulvérisaion cathodique pour la production de poussières carbonées et étude de la croissance des nanoparticules produites." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11028.
Full textWe study the dusts growth in gas phase from graphite target sputtering in argon glow discharges. The target sputtering by ions and energetic neutrals bombardment allows carbon injection. By using models we estimate the carbon flux. Then, the evolution of the sputtered carbon atoms energy distribution during their transport in the plasma shows that they quickly cool by collisions with argon atoms. This produces a supersaturated carbon vapour which condensation induces formation of dust precursors. Dusts are detected in situ by laser attenuation, then collected and analysed by SEM, HRTEM and IR spectroscopy to get information on their size, morphology, chemical and structural composition. The dusts are higher than 20 nm, more or less spherical and cauliflower-like shaped. The evolution of the dust sizes distribution as well as the growth law as a function of discharge duration were experimentally established and reveal a growth mechanism by accretion of neutral carbonaceous clusters
Saliba, Sarmenio. "Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals for the formation of zinc oxide nanohybrids." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1598/.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript describes the incorporation of inorganic materials inside organic hosts. Our ambition was to successfully hybridize ZnO nanostructures with liquid crystals. This was achieved using different strategies, the choice of which depended on the desired properties of the final material. The objective was not only the synthesis and stabilization of the nanoparticles within, but also their organization in the LC medium. One approach was the functionalization of preformed ZnO spherical nanoparticles by thermotropic LC ligands. This was made possible using a ligand exchange mechanism. Due to a dynamic equilibrium at the surface of ZnO NPs, the mesogenic molecules could exhibit order at the molecular level, giving rise to novel LC/NP hybrids with enhanced LC properties. The organization of NPs could also be induced by the use of lyotropic liquid crystals. In this case, the NPs were not simply doped into a LC material, but synthesized directly inside the lyotropic phases. The synthesis of ZnO was therefore confined to domains of defined size and shape which can directly control the organization of the nanostructures growing within. Apart from organization of NPs, our constant objective was the fabrication of anisotropic nanoobjects via LC-assisted synthesis. Thermotropic liquid crystals consisting of novel low molecular weight branched mesogens have proved to be remarkable templates for anisotropic growth of ZnO nanocrystals. This anisotropic growth was also found to be influenced by the size of the LC molecules as observed with the fabrication of ZnO inside LC polymers. This work has shown the possibility of integrating inorganic material in LCs providing that the two constituents are able to sufficiently interact with one another
Penuelas, J. "Evolution structurale, morphologique et magnétique de nanoparticules de CoPt." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370406.
Full textFerrero, Sylvain. "Etude in situ par microscopie à force atomique de la croissance et de la morphologie de nanoparticules d'or sur substrats isolants." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22062.
Full textAlloyeau, Damien. "Etude quantitative par microscopie électronique des nanoparticules de CoPt : croissance et effets de taille sur les phénomènes ordre - désordre." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066179.
Full textPiolet, Romain. "Synthèse hydrothermale de nanoparticules de ZnO au-delà du point critique : compréhension des étapes de germination et de croissance." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS004/document.
Full textThe supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of nanopowders (especially metal oxide) has been widely studied. To the best of our knowledge, no nanoparticle formation mechanism has been published yet. In this prospect, this study is dedicated to the understanding of metal oxide nanoparticle nucleation and growth mechanisms. For this purpose, zinc oxide is used as a model material. First, the influence of synthesis operating conditions such as pressure, temperature, pH, precursor concentrations and solution flow rates on particle morphological properties (size, particle size distribution or morphologies) has been investigated. Hence, two approaches have simultaneously been carried out. The first approach involves powder characterizations by mean of X-ray diffraction or transmission electron microscopy techniques. The second one consists in the development of a numerical model considering the thermal exchanges, the fluid hydrodynamic behavior and chemical reaction inside the patented reactor by computational fluid dynamics. Results show good agreement between those two approaches. Several ZnO particle formation mechanisms based on powder experimental characterizations are presented in this work depending on operating conditions. In order to enhance the numerical model, a methodology has been set up to evaluate ZnO nanoparticle nucleation and growth rates in supercritical conditions (SCW) by the determination of particle solubility as function of temperature and the pressure
Hubert, Fabien. "Nucléation et croissance de nanocylindres d'or : mécanismes de développement de l'anisotropie et suivi in situ résolu en temps." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066651.
Full textMansour, Mounir. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'oxydation sèche d'une poudre de nanoparticules de cuivre." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846994.
Full textMoreira, Da Silva Cora. "Développement d'une stratégie de synthèse de catalyseurs métalliques pour la croissance sélective de nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF013.
Full textIn the age of miniaturization of ever more powerful electronic components, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising materials. The realization of transistors based on SWCNTs has become a real scientific and economic challenge. Unfortunately, the single-wall CNTs, essential to this nanotechnology, can be either metallic or semiconductor depending on their atomic structure and we do not yet know how to select them sufficiently efficiently during their synthesis. Numerous research teams have been working for nearly 25 years for this purpose. The growth technique that has shown the greatest selectivity is CVD (chemical vapor deposition) assisted by nanoparticles acting as catalysts. Based on theoretical studies demonstrating the importance of carbon solubility within catalysts for selective growth, several groups have focused on the use of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) composed of carbon-solubilizing atoms (Co , Fe, Ni) allied to atoms which do not dissolve it (Ru, W etc.), in order to be able to play on the carbon concentration of these nanoreactors at the time of growth. The aim of this thesis is to develop a strategy for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, of size, shape and controlled chemical composition, common to several catalytic systems, in order to be able to play on the mechanisms governing the growth of CNTs in a perfectly controlled manner. We propose here a method of colloidal synthesis at controlled temperature, making it possible to obtain NPs in solid solution, homogeneous in volume, shapes, sizes and controlled chemical compositions. This method allows the synthesis of nano-alloys, whether they are bi-, tri-, tetra-, or even pentametallic. The study of these particles by transmission electron microscopy has also enabled us to highlight the presence of a force on the surface acting on the colloidal NPs and on their lattice parameter. Finally, we tested these new particles by exposing them to a carbon gas in an environmental microscope (NanoMAX - LPICM and IPCMS - Strasbourg), which validated the viability of our colloidal pathway for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and have followed in situ their growth
Paul, Emmanuel. "Nanoparticules manufacturées : translocation et impact pulmonaire d'une exposition par voie respiratoire durant la gestation dans un modèle murin." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1019.
Full textEXPOSURE TO MANUFACTURED NANOPARTICLES DURING GESTATION: IMPACT ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT OF THE OFFSPRINGDue to several commercial applications of nanoparticles (NPs), such as silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cerium dioxide (CeO2), knowledge of the toxicity of those NPs is of great importance. It has been shown that exposure to NPs may lead to an inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis. However less is known on the effect of exposure to NPs on the offspring. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess the impact of exposure by the respiratory route to various NPs during pregnancy on lung development of the offspring, and to determine the key parameters involved in lung alterations. We used three NPs: TiO2, Ag, and CeO2, to assess the impact of NPs physico-chemical properties on the potential effects on lung development. Pregnant mice were exposed weekly to 100 μg NPs or saline by nonsurgical intratracheal instillation. Analysis of the lungs of the offspring was performed at different times of lung development, before (17.5 gestational day) and after birth (14.5 and 49.5 post-delivery day). Results showed that after pulmonary exposure during pregnancy, all nanoparticles induced a long-lasting impairment of lung development of the offspring. This was accompanied by a decreased placental efficiency which was associated with the presence of NP in placenta and a decreased pulmonary expression of VEGF-alpha and MMP-9 at the fetal stage, and FGF-18 at the alveolization stage. In view of the growing use of these nanoparticles, this result raise concerns for public health and pregnant women and their developing fetus particularly for those at high risk of occupational or domestic exposure.Keywords: nanoparticles, pregnancy, lung development
Luo, Jingjie. "Formation de nanoparticules d'or supportées sur silice Stöber : mécanismes et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038161.
Full textLantiat-Baillargue, David. "Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'argent dispersées dans les matrices diélectriques : influence sur les propriétés optiques." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Lantiat-Baillargue-David/2008-Lantiat-Baillargue-David-These.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to adjust the spectral position of the surface plasmon resonance of noble-metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric matrix by tailoring their morphology and their spatial organization. We show that when the growth is performed on plane substrates, it is possible to modify the aspect ratio of the particles H/D, and thus their optical response by changing the nature of the matrix. Quantitative structural analyzes carried out by using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electronic microscopy (HAADF-STEM) imaging reveal that H/D is a decreasing function of the diameter D, independently of the deposited metal amount. In order to understand these effects of the matrix on the structural and optical properties of the particles, various studies (influence of the metal and deposited amount, presence of a buffer layer, influence of the elaboration conditions, covering rate of the particles,. . . ) are presented and numerical simulations of the optical spectra are proposed by integrating the structural parameters from the HAADF analysis in a model of Yamaguchi. A second step consists in using nanostructured sapphire surfaces in order to induce a surface organization of the particles, and thus to involve an anisotropy of their optical properties. We show that according to the geometry used during the deposition (normal incidence, grazing incidence, orientation and angle of incidence of atomic flux), it is possible to select the type of facets on which the growth takes place (shadowing effect), and consequently to elaborate self-organized systems of metal nanoislands constituted of stripes or linear chains of particles, whose optical properties display a light-polarization dependence
Peres, Laurent. "Synthèse et propriétés catalytiques de nanoparticules de platine de formes contrôlées." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0002.
Full textSolution chemistry allows obtaining nanoparticles with well-controlled structural characteristics. It offers therefore the possibility to exploit the specific properties associated to the nano-objects characteristics (size, shape, crystal phase …), in diverse applications. Among them, catalysis plays an important role for the ecologic/energetic transition. Indeed, for numerous reactions, the use of nanoparticles allows to reduce the amount of metals employed. Moreover, some metals present new properties at this scale. As a surface phenomenon, catalysis thus implies more and more the use of size and shape controlled nanocrystals. Indeed, literature has shown that it is possible to modulate catalyst activity and selectivity depending on the crystallographic orientation of the nanocrystal facets.In the first part of this thesis, platinum nanoparticles have been produced using a simple Pt(II) salt as a principal precursor. Depending on the parameters employed, various shapes have been obtained. We have tried to understand the formation mechanism of the different platinum nanoparticle morphologies obtained: concave cubes enclosed by (110) facets, multipods enclosed by a mix of (111) and (100) and cubes enclosed by (100) facets. The second chapter aims at studying the impact of the nano-object shape in a model catalytic reaction. Concaves cubes and multipods have been tested in the hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, the cinnamaldéhyde, as a model reaction to probe chemoselectivity. Free nanoparticles in solution and nanoparticles supported on silica and graphène have been used. Finally, the extension of a method for the epitaxial growth of nanocrystals on thin films, allowed the elaboration of, crystallographically oriented, shape controlled platinum nano-objects (concave cubes, wires) by a direct solution-growth, over different thin films of specific nature and crystalline orientation
Lidgi, Nathalie. "Transport électronique dans un assemblée bidimensionnelle de nanoparticules métalliques dispersées dans une jonction tunnem." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011925.
Full textHebié, Seydou. "Études électrochimiques des nanoparticules d'or : corrélation structure/activité." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2291/document.
Full textDue to the unusual properties of gold nanoparticles, the control of their size, their shape and/or their morphology for a well-targeted application becomes essential. Various shape controlled particles in colloidal solutions were synthesized. The analysis of such solution by UV-visible spectroscopy shows that the anisotropic particles exhibit two surface plasmon resonance bands. In addition, the zeta potential measurements reveal that such solutions are stable in the experimental conditions. It is clearly observed by the transmission electron microscopy characterization of these nanomaterials that their surface has different crystallographic orientations. The under potential deposition (upd) of lead by cyclic voltammetry revealed the surface crystallographic sites which present different ratio of orientated surface (111), (110), (100) and defaults confirming the microscopy results. The cyclic voltammetry in supporting electrolyte shows that the oxides formation on these nanomaterials depends strongly on their structure. On gold nanorods, an extensive study of the kinetic of the oxide layers growth shows that this process is affected by the polarization potential and time as well as temperature. The nanospheres exhibited high activity toward the glucose oxidation, while all the synthesized nanomaterials presented low activity toward the formic acid oxidation. Gluconolactone appears as the main intermediate species during the oxidation of glucose which is a surface structure dependent process
Lacroix, Lise-Marie. "Nanoparticules de fer de taille contrôlée pour l’hyperthermie : synthèse par voie organométallique, caractérisations magnétiques et mesures de puissance dissipée." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000240/.
Full textMagnetic nanoparticles are of great interest for hyperthermia treatment of tumours. Their efficiency depends on their size, their surface state and the material used. We realised a fundamental study of the iron nanoparticles synthesis, of their specific magnetic properties and of their hyperthermia response. A detailed analysis of theoretical models could enlighten the optimised properties (superparamagnetism/ferromagnetism transition, high saturation magnetisation MS ). Monodisperse iron nanoparticles are synthesized by the decomposition of the organometallic precursor (Fe{N[Si(CH3)3]2}2)2. The growth mechanism was studied by kinetic studies using electronic microscopy, Mössbauer spectrometry and SQuID measurements. The key role of lamellar structures and acid concentration was described. A new approach, never reported so far, based on the ripening of small iron germs was used for the first time. Particle with tuneable sizes ranging from 1. 5 to 11. 2 nm were obtained with Ms = 220 Am2. Kg-1. An increase of the anisotropic constant was reported for small particles regarding bulk iron (10 for 1. 5 nm and 3 for 5. 5 nm). Magnetic configurations have been directly imaged in 30 nm nanocubes thanks to the electronic holography technique. Micromagnetic simulations coupled with holography permit to quantitatively analyse a vortex structure in an isolated cube. A frequency adjustable electromagnet was designed. The first hyperthermia measurements are reported for superparamagnetic iron (of 5. 5 and 7. 5 nm). A ferromagnetic behaviour corresponding to Stoner-Wohlfarth model was for the first time observed for 14. 2 nm FeCo nanoparticles
Khodja, Walid. "Organisation de nano-matériaux inorganiques au sein de matrices supramoléculaires poreuses recyclables." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30016.
Full textThe interest for imbedding metallic nanoparticles in porous supramolecular networks has grown considerably in recent years. Indeed, these hybrid materials combine the properties related to porous supramolecular networks, such as a controlled porosity, large specific surface area, versatile chemical modulation; and those that are intrinsic to metal nanoparticles, such as catalytic or optical properties. As a result, these composite materials are explored in the fields of catalysis or detection. Porous supramolecular networks consist in three large families of distinct compounds, according to the interactions that they implement to maintain their structural integrity. We first distinguish the networks built by coordination bonds, called MOF (" Metal Organic Framework "). These porous networks have been widely studied for the incorporation of metal nanoparticles with various functionalities. The supramolecular networks obtained by covalent associations, named COF (" Covalent Organic Framework "), have been relatively little explored for the in situ growth of metallic nanoparticles. Finally, porous supramolecular architectures whose structural cohesion is ensured by weak interactions such as Hydrogen bonds, known by the acronym HOF (" Hydrogen-bonded Open Framework "), have, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported as a growth support for metallic nanoparticles. The aim of this thesis was to explore the possibility of using the porous supramolecular architectures based on hydrogen bonds as matrices for the controlled growth of noble metal nanoparticles. The first part of the thesis was devoted to the development of sub-micrometric crystals of a supramolecular porous architecture developed in the team and known under the pseudonym SPA-2 (" Supramoléculaire Porous Architecture "). Two reasons motivated our choice for this matrix: its porosity (estimated at 53%), as well as its channels decorated by pyridyl functions. The second part of this research led to the conception of the Au@SPA-2 hybrid material. The synthesis of this material proceeds by functionalizing the nanocrystals of SPA-2 with thiocyanates, followed by impregnation, then by a photo-reduction of the photosensitive gold molecular precursor (Me2SAuCl). The post-functionalization of the SPA-2 allows an effective impregnation in gold (5 to 10% of the total mass). The ultraviolet radiation exposure of the [Au-SCN]@SPA-2 material makes it possible to reduce the gold complex and then to generate nanoparticles. For our hybrid system, it is possible to control the size of gold nanoparticles (from 1 to 25 nm) by the duration of irradiation. This is the first synthesis of metallic nanoparticles in a porous supramolecular matrix based on the Hydrogen interactions ever reported. The third part of our research work focused on the synthesis of the Ag@SPA-2 hybrid material, with the same strategy that has been implemented for gold, namely the trapping of a photosensitive silver precursor (AgNO3), by an anion, here a chloride, located in the channels of SPA-2 network. Silver nanoparticles were obtained by photo-reduction, under UV light, of the material AgCl@SPA-2. The characterizations of this hybrid material revealed silver nanoparticles distributed uniformly within SPA-2 crystals. The matrix SPA-2 is recyclable. By simply dissolving the hybrid materials (Au@SPA-2 or Ag@SPA-2) in a slightly acidic aqueous solution, it was possible to isolate the metal nanoparticles from the molecular components of the SPA-2 porous network. From this solution, the initial SPA-2 matrix was regenerated by crystallization