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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoparticles polymer nanocomposites'
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1
Montes, Sarah, Hans Grande, Agustín Etxeberria, and Jose A. Pomposo. "Miscibility Enhancement in All-Polymer Nanocomposites Composed of Weakly-Charged Flexible Chains and Polar Nanoparticles." Journal of Nano Research 6 (June 2009): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.6.123.
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We report the phase behavior of nanocomposites composed of weakly-charged flexible polymers and polar nanoparticles by extending a mean-field theory for all-polymer nanocomposites recently introduced (Journal of Nano Research 2 (2008) 105). Translational, nanoparticle-driven, electrostatic and enthalpic interaction effects are taken into account. Weakly-charged polymers are predicted to be miscible with polar nanoparticles about one order of magnitude larger (in radius) than conventional uncharged polymers, even in the presence of moderate unfavorable enthalpic interactions. The detrimental effect of addition of a low molecular weight monovalent 1-1 salt on nanocomposite miscibility is also evaluated.
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Sabo, Y. T., D. E. Boryo, I. Y. Chindo, and A. I. Habib. "Nanocomposites Transformed from Polystyrene Waste/Antimony, Barium and Nickel Oxides Nanoparticles with Improved Mechanical Properties." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 11 (February 10, 2022): 1921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i11.11.
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In this experiment, the oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation and the nanocomposites were produced using in situ polymerization method with varying nanoparticles contents ranged from 0 to 5 g. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated and compared with the values obtained for untreated polystyrene. It was observed that the mechanical properties were higher for the nanocomposites and increase with increasing nanoparticle concentrations in the samples. It can be observed that the untreated polystyrene gave a tensile strength of 945.25 N/mm2. At high nanoparticle content of 5 g, the nanocomposite containing NiO nanoparticles showed a tensile strength of 973.83 N/mm2 while nanocomposite containing BaO nanoparticles gave a tensile strength of 968.19 N/mm2 and nanocomposite containing Sb2O3 nanoparticle gave a tensile strength of 955.53 N/mm2. The results indicate that the tensile strength and percentage elongation of all the nanocomposites improved with the addition of metal oxides nanoparticles compared with the untreated polystyrene. Slight decrease in percentage reduction in area of the nanocomposites was recorded. Conclusively, with these results, the PS/NiO nano composite showed a better trend of behaviour due to better interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the polymer matrix followed by PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites. It is recommended that during the production of polymer nanocomposite, PS/NiO, PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites could be used as reinforcements in the construction of buildings to add structural stability to the building.
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Mohammed, K. J. "Study the effect of CaCO3 nanoparticles on physical properties of biopolymer blend." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 39 (January 5, 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i39.97.
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Chitosan (CH) / Poly (1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-co-VAc) blend (1:1) and nanocomposites reinforced with CaCO3 nanoparticles were prepared by solution casting method. FTIR analysis, tensile strength, Elongation, Young modulus, Thermal conductivity, water absorption and Antibacterial properties were studied for blend and nanocomposites. The tensile results show that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the nanocomposites were enhanced compared with polymer blend [CH/(PVP-co-VAc)] film. The mechanical properties of the polymer blend were improved by the addition of CaCO3 with significant increases in Young’s modulus (from 1787 MPa to ~7238 MPa) and tensile strength (from 47.87 MPa to 79.75 MPa). Strong interfacial bonding between the CaCO3 nanoparticles and the [CH/(PVP-co-VAc)), homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles in the polymer blend, are assistance of noticeably raised mechanical durability. The thermal conductivity of the polymer blend and CaCO3 nanocomposite films show that it decreased in the adding of nanoparticle CaCO3. The solvability measurements display that the nanocomposite has promoted water resistance. The weight gain lowered with the increase of nano CaCO3. Blending chitosan CH with (PVP-co-VAc) enhanced strength and young modules of the nanocomposites and increased the absorption of water because hydrophilic of the blended polymers films. The effect of two types of positive S.aurous and negative E. coli was studied. The results showed that the nanocomposites were effective for both types, where the activity value ranged from (12 ~ 21). The best results were found for S.aurous bacteria.
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Hassanzadeh-Aghdam, Mohammad Kazem, and Mohammad Javad Mahmoodi. "Micromechanics-based characterization of elastic properties of shape memory polymer nanocomposites containing SiO2 nanoparticles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 11 (April 23, 2018): 2392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18770862.
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In this article, a unit cell micromechanics model is developed to predict the elastic properties of shape memory polymer nanocomposites containing silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The model incorporates an interphase zone corresponding to a perturbed region of shape memory polymer matrix around SiO2 nanoparticles. It is found that the elastic properties of shape memory polymer nanocomposites are significantly sensitive to the temperature in the presence of interphase region. As the temperature increases, the shape memory polymer nanocomposite elastic modulus decreases, while the normalized elastic modulus nonlinearly rises. The results reveal that Poisson’s ratio decreases nonlinearly with the increase of temperature. The shape memory polymer nanocomposite mechanical properties are significantly influenced by the nanoparticle diameter in the presence of interphase region. Substantial improvement in normalized elastic modulus is observed with reducing the nanoparticle diameter. Also, a nonlinear decrease in Poisson’s ratio is found as the nanoparticle diameter decreases. Furthermore, the role of nanoparticle diameter becomes more prominent due to enhancement of temperature. The results indicate that with increasing SiO2 nanoparticles’ volume fraction, the elastic modulus of shape memory polymer nanocomposite nonlinearly rises, while Poisson’s ratio decreases. Finally, it is shown that the increase of interphase thickness leads to the enhancement of normalized elastic modulus of shape memory polymer nanocomposite.
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Nasar, Gulfam, Hazrat Amin, Fawad Ahmad, and Shahbaz Nazir. "Structural and Thermal Behavior Evaluation of Ag-PVA Nanocomposites Synthesized via Chemical Reduction Technique." Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0101.0003.
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Silver nanoparticles were prepared via process of chemical reduction using sodium borohydride as reductant. The prepared nanoparticles were then utilized for synthesizing various compositions of nanocomposites with polymeric matrix of poly (vinyl alcohol). For doing so, the nanoparticles were dispersed in the polymer solution by vigorous stirring. The solutions of the nanocomposites were cast in films. The nanocomposite films were used for various characterization techniques; out of which three are being reported in this communication; XRD, TGA/DTA and SEM. The upshot of XRD proposes a semi-crystalline nature of synthesized nanocomposite. The crystalline character of the nanocomposite enhances with an increasing doping concentration of the prepared nanoparticles. Thermal analysis suggests the degradation pattern of the polymer nanocomposite material and represents that thermal stability improves as the silver nanoparticles are added. The SEM micrograph reveals a uniform surface with a well dispersed nanoparticle in the polymer matrix.
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Lakshmi, Augustine, Athisayaraj Emi Princess Prasanna, and Chinnapiyan Vedhi. "Synthesis, Characterisation and Capacitive Behaviour of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Copper Oxide Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.273.
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Nano particles of Copper oxide and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Copper oxide nanocomposite were prepared by chemical oxidation method. The formed metal oxide nanoparticle and polymer metal oxide nanocomposites were characterized by UV–VIS, XRD, SEM and EIS studies. The UV-VIS studies of nanoparticles and nanocomposites exhibited four peaks, two peaks are sharp and centered at 280nm and 360 nm while the other two were broaden waves obtained at 780nm and 985nm. SEM image of copper oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposite exhibits sponge-like morphologies, in addition to nanospheres, nanowires, and nanotube shapes. The grain size of the metal oxide nanoparticle and polymer metaloxide nanocomposites was calculated using Scherrer’s formula. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies revealed the high conductivity nature due to the increased surface area of the nanocomposites.
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Kausar, Ayesha, Ishaq Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao, Osamah Aldaghri, Khalid H. Ibnaouf, and M. H. Eisa. "Multifunctional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Sensing Applications—Design, Features, and Technical Advancements." Crystals 13, no. 7 (July 22, 2023): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071144.
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Among nanocomposite materials, multifunctional polymer nanocomposites have prompted important innovations in the field of sensing technology. Polymer-based nanocomposites have been successfully utilized to design high-tech sensors. Thus, conductive, thermoplast, or elastomeric, as well as natural polymers have been applied. Carbon nanoparticles as well as inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles or metal oxides, have reinforced polymer matrices for sensor fabrication. The sensing features and performances rely on the interactions between the nanocomposites and analytes like gases, ions, chemicals, biological species, and others. The multifunctional nanocomposite-derived sensors possess superior durability, electrical conductivity, sensitivity, selectivity, and responsiveness, compared with neat polymers and other nanomaterials. Due to the importance of polymeric nanocomposite for sensors, this novel overview has been expanded, focusing on nanocomposites based on conductive/non-conductive polymers filled with the nanocarbon/inorganic nanofillers. To the best of our knowledge, this article is innovative in its framework and the literature covered regarding the design, features, physical properties, and the sensing potential of multifunctional nanomaterials. Explicitly, the nanocomposites have been assessed for their strain-sensing, gas-sensing, bio-sensing, and chemical-sensing applications. Here, analyte recognition by nanocomposite sensors have been found to rely on factors such as nanocomposite design, polymer type, nanofiller type, nanofiller content, matrix–nanofiller interactions, interface effects, and processing method used. In addition, the interactions between a nanocomposite and analyte molecules are defined by high sensitivity, selectivity, and response time, as well as the sensing mechanism of the sensors. All these factors have led to the high-tech sensing applications of advanced nanocomposite-based sensors. In the future, comprehensive attempts regarding the innovative design, sensing mechanism, and the performance of progressive multifunctional nanocomposites may lead to better the strain-sensing, gas/ion-sensing, and chemical-sensing of analyte species for technical purposes.
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Ramazanov, M. A., A. M. Rahimli, and F. V. Hajiyeva. "The influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the structure, optical and dielectric properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 28 (June 10, 2020): 2050310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920503108.
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The tendency to improve the properties of insulating materials by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles has become necessary in order to design new insulation systems. In this study, PVC/TiO2-based nanocomposites with different loadings (3, 5 and 10 wt.%) of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the solution mixing method. The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Experimentally, it was found that as the concentration increases, the size of the surface structural elements and particle size increases. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis of samples shows improvement compared to the pristine polymer. Furthermore, PL intensity for nanocomposites increases depending on the concentration and saturation occurs at a certain amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The increase in luminescence intensity till a certain nanoparticle content is due to the growth of the luminescent surface area. Further saturation is explained by the increase in particle size with no increase or a slight reduction in surface area. Dielectric properties of nanocomposites were studied. It was found that dielectric permittivity of the materials increases as the nanoparticle volume content increases and it reaches at its highest value for the nanocomposites with 3% nanoparticle content. The optical properties of the polymer and nanocomposite films were studied in the region 200 nm to 600 nm. It was found that the PVC/TiO2 nanocomposites showed enhancement in the absorbance intensities which was more significant for the nanocomposites with higher nanoparticle content compared to the pristine polymer. Furthermore, absorption spectra were used to calculate the optical bandgap of the prepared nanocomposite films and redshift observed in the calculated values of bandgap for nanocomposites. Consequently, it was proved that by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into the polymer matrix, the spectral region of the samples can be expanded resulting in broadened application of such systems in various fields of science and technology.
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Weltrowski, Marek, and Patricia I. Dolez. "Compatibilizer Polarity Parameters as Tools for Predicting Organoclay Dispersion in Polyolefin Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanotechnology 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1404196.
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Nanocomposites give an innovative method to increase the mechanical, thermal, and barrier performance of polymers. However, properly dispersing the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is often key in achieving high performance, especially in the case of hydrophilic nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers. For that purpose, nanoparticles may be functionalized with organic groups to increase their affinity with the polymer matrix. Compatibilizing agents may also be included in the nanocomposite formulation. This paper aims at identifying parameters relative to the compatibilizer polarity that would allow predicting nanoparticle dispersion in the polymer nanocomposite. The analysis used published data on nanocomposite samples combining clay nanoparticles, polyolefins, and various compatibilizing agents. We studied the correlations between the nanoclay exfoliation ratio and five different parameters describing the compatibilizer hydrophilic-lipophilic balance: the acid value, the mole, and weight fraction of polar groups, the number of polymer chain units per polar group, and the number of moles of polar groups per mole of compatibilizer. The best correlation was observed with the number of polymer chain units per polar group in the compatibilizer. This parameter could be used as a tool to predict the dispersion of organoclay nanoparticles in polyolefins. Another important result of the study is that, among the compatibilizers investigated, those with a low acid value provided a better nanoclay exfoliation compared to those with a high acid value. This may indicate the existence of a maximum in the nanoclay exfoliation/compatibilizer polarity curve, which would open new perspectives for nanocomposite performance optimization.
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Ramazanov, MA, FV Hajiyeva, AM Maharramov, and HM Mamedov. "Microwave absorption of polymer nanocomposites on the base high-density polyethylene and magnetite nanoparticles." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 51, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318768652.
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In this article, we report about the synthesis of magnetic polymer nanocomposites comprising magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in a polyethylene (PE) matrix. The structure and composition of nanocomposite materials using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been studied. It has been defined that the agglomeration of nanoparticles does not occur, by increasing the volume content of nanoparticles up to 60%, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles act out like single-domain particles. It has also been revealed that nanocomposites based on PE + Fe3O4 with nanoparticle content in a polymer matrix up to 60% behave like superparamagnetic particles. It has also been revealed that the PE + Fe3O4-based nanocomposites effectively absorb the electromagnetic waves in the high frequency range of 0.1–30 GHz. It is shown that the properties of ultrahigh electromagnetic waves can be varied by varying the thickness of the nanocomposite films and the concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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Garner, Amy, Moneeb Genedy, Usama Kandil, and Mahmoud Reda Taha. "Controlling off-axis stiffness and stress-relaxation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer using alumina nanoparticles." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 18 (December 21, 2017): 2483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317748466.
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This investigation experimentally examines the effect of incorporating alumina nanoparticles on the off-axis stiffness and stress-relaxation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Four epoxy–alumina nanoparticle nanocomposites incorporating 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt% alumina nanoparticles of the total weight of epoxy are examined. Off-axis tension stiffness and stress-relaxation tests were performed on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer coupons fabricated with alumina nanoparticles–epoxy nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis testing of neat epoxy and epoxy nanocomposites incorporating alumina nanoparticles was used to identify the stiffness and relaxation behavior of the alumina nanoparticles–epoxy nanocomposite matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to observe chemical changes when alumina nanoparticles are mixed with epoxy. It is shown that using alumina nanoparticles at a concentration close to 2.0 wt%, can reduce the off-axis stiffness by ∼30% and increase the off-axis stress-relaxation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer by ∼10%.
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Barrera, Gabriele, Paola Tiberto, Paolo Allia, Barbara Bonelli, Serena Esposito, Antonello Marocco, Michele Pansini, and Yves Leterrier. "Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposites." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020212.
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The magnetic properties of various families of nanocomposite materials containing nanoparticles of transition metals or transition-metal compounds are reviewed here. The investigated magnetic nanocomposites include materials produced either by dissolving a ferrofluid containing pre-formed nanoparticles of desired composition and size in a fluid resin submitted to subsequent curing treatment, or by generating the nanoparticles during the very synthesis of the embedding matrix. Two typical examples of these production methods are polymer nanocomposites and ceramic nanocomposites. The resulting magnetic properties turn out to be markedly different in these two classes of nanomaterials. The control of nanoparticle size, distribution, and aggregation degree is easier in polymer nanocomposites, where the interparticle interactions can either be minimized or exploited to create magnetic mesostructures characterized by anisotropic magnetic properties; the ensuing applications of polymer nanocomposites as sensors and in devices for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are highlighted. On the other hand, ceramic nanocomposites obtained from transition-metal loaded zeolite precursors exhibit a remarkably complex magnetic behavior originating from the simultaneous presence of zerovalent transition-metal nanoparticles and transition-metal ions dissolved in the matrix; the applications of these nanocomposites in biomedicine and for pollutant remediation are briefly discussed.
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Tripathi, S. K., Jagdish Kaur, and Ramneek Kaur. "Photoluminescence Studies in II-VI Nanoparticles Embedded in Polymer Matrix." Defect and Diffusion Forum 357 (July 2014): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.357.95.
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Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite materials have been of great interest for their extraordinary performances due to the combination of the advantageous properties of polymers and the size dependent properties of nanocrystals (NCs). Interaction between the polymer matrix and nanocrystalline fillers produces wonderful features, viz. thermal, magnetic, mechanical, electrical and optical properties to these materials. Modern applications require a new design of responsive functional coatings which is capable of changing their properties in a controlled way. However, the synthesis of II-VI nanoparticles into the polymer matrix of its nanocomposites with adjustable sizes and protected from photo-oxidation is a big challenge to the scientific community. It is difficult to synthesize the highly enhanced luminescence in polymers and its semiconductor nanocomposite systems. Luminescence from the polymer embedded II-VI nanoparticles is greatly enhanced and better stability can be achieved from the composite compared to bulk materials. The formation of nanocomposites can be confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It is an important technique for determining the optical gap, purity, crystalline quality defects and analysis of the quantum confinement in these nanocomposite materials. In this paper, we have reviewed the present status of II-VI polymer nanocomposites from the photoluminescence studies point of view. We have also shown the results of the PL of these nanocomposite materials and the results will be compared with the reported literature by other groups.Contents of Paper
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Sabo, Y. T., D. E. A. Boryo, I. Y. Chindo, and A. M. Auwal. "Nanocomposites transformed from polystyrene waste/antimony, barium and nickel oxides nanoparticles with improved thermal and electrical properties." Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research 26, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njcr.v26i2.7.
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In this experiment, the oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation and the nanocomposites were produced using in situ polymerization method with varying nanoparticles contents ranged from 0.1 g to 1.0 g for electrical conductivity and from 0.05 g to 0.25 g for thermal conductivity. The electrical and thermal conductivities of nanocomposites were investigated and compared with the values obtained for untreated polystyrene. It was observed that the electrical and thermal properties were higher for the nanocomposites and increase with increasing nanoparticle concentrations in the samples. It can be observed that nanocomposite containing NiO nanoparticles gave a better electrical and thermal conductivity followed by nanocomposite containing BaO nanoparticles and nanocomposite containing Sb2O3 nanoparticles respectively. It can also be observed that nanocomposite containing NiO nanoparticle showed increase in rate of heat transfer from 1.60 W to 2.60 W, while nanocomposite containing BaO nanoparticles recorded increase in rate of heat transfer from 1.40 W to 2.45 W and nanoomposite containing Sb2O3 nanoparticle showed increase in rate of heat transfer from 1.07 W to 2.21 W, as concentration of nanoparticles increased from 0.05 g to 0.25 g respectively. Conclusively, with these results, the nanocomposite containing NiO nanoparticles gave a better thermal and electrical conductivity by having a better conducting filler network inside the matrix than nanocomposite containing BaO nanoparticles and nanocomposite containing Sb2O3 nanoparticles. It is recommended that during the production of polymer nanocomposite, PS/NiO, PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites could be used in electrically conductive devices as well as suitable materials for heat transfer applications.
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Lule, Zelalem, and Jooheon Kim. "Surface Modification of Aluminum Nitride to Fabricate Thermally Conductive poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposite." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010148.
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Biodegradable polymers and their composites are considered promising materials for replacing conventional polymer plastics in various engineering fields. In this study, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites filled with 5% aluminum nitride nanoparticles were successfully fabricated. The aluminum nitride nanoparticles were surface-modified to improve their interaction with the PBS matrix. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanocomposites with surface-modified nanoparticles had better interface interaction and dispersion in the polymer matrix than those with untreated nanoparticles. The PBS/modified AlN nanocomposites exhibited maximal thermal conductivity enhancement, 63.7%, compared to the neat PBS. In addition, other thermomechanical properties of the PBS nanocomposites were investigated in this study. The nanocomposites also showed a superior storage modulus compared to the neat PBS matrix. In this work, a PBS nanocomposite with suitable thermal conductivity that can be used in various electronic fields was fabricated.
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Ramazanov, M. A., F. V. Hajiyeva, H. A. Shirinova, and H. M. Mamedov. "The relation between the composition, structure and absorption properties of ultra-high frequency radio waves of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/magnetite nanocomposites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 10 (April 20, 2019): 1950083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500838.
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In the presented work, nanocomposites based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared. The structure and content of nanocomposite materials were studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic-force microscope (AFM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic properties of PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites have been studied upon increasing nanoparticle content in polymer matrix upto 20%, revealing superparamagnetic behavior as Fe3O4 nanoparticles in polymer matrix act out like single-domain particles. It has also been observed that PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4-based nanocomposites can absorb the electromagnetic waves in the high frequency range 0.1–30 GHz. It has been shown that the absorption of high frequency radio waves by PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be explained by the different molecular structures and also by the scattering of the radio waves at the boundary of nanoparticle-polymer matrix.
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Moghimikheirabadi, Ahmad, Argyrios V. Karatrantos, and Martin Kröger. "Ionic Polymer Nanocomposites Subjected to Uniaxial Extension: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13224001.
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We explore the behavior of coarse-grained ionic polymer nanocomposites (IPNCs) under uniaxial extension up to 800% strain by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We observe a simultaneous increase of stiffness and toughness of the IPNCs upon increasing the engineering strain rate, in agreement with experimental observations. We reveal that the excellent toughness of the IPNCs originates from the electrostatic interaction between polymers and nanoparticles, and that it is not due to the mobility of the nanoparticles or the presence of polymer–polymer entanglements. During the extension, and depending on the nanoparticle volume fraction, polymer–nanoparticle ionic crosslinks are suppressed with the increase of strain rate and electrostatic strength, while the mean pore radius increases with strain rate and is altered by the nanoparticle volume fraction and electrostatic strength. At relatively low strain rates, IPNCs containing an entangled matrix exhibit self-strengthening behavior. We provide microscopic insight into the structural, conformational properties and crosslinks of IPNCs, also referred to as polymer nanocomposite electrolytes, accompanying their unusual mechanical behavior.
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PITSA, DESPOINA, and MICHAEL G. DANIKAS. "A 2D CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODEL FOR TREE PROPAGATION IN NANOCOMPOSITES: INFLUENCE OF THE NANOPARTICLES SIZE, LOADING AND THE PRESENCE OF MICROVOIDS." Nano 08, no. 01 (February 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500021.
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Electrical tree propagation in a polymer nanocomposite is affected by the presence of nanoparticles. A 2D cellular automata (CA) model is presented for the simulation of electrical tree propagation in polymer nanocomposites. The effect of the nanoparticles size, the nanoparticles loading and the appearance of microvoids on electrical tree propagation in titania ( TiO2 )/epoxy nanocomposites under the application of DC voltage is examined with the aid of the CA model. It has been observed that the tree length is affected by nanoparticles size and nanoparticles loading. A resistance in electrical tree propagation has been noticed, as nanoparticles size decreases or as nanoparticles loading increases. The presence of microvoids in the polymer nanocomposite is another factor that has been examined. The propagation of electrical trees that initiate from microvoids in the polymer nanocomposite has also been simulated by the use of the CA model.
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Rahman, Ismail Ab, and Vejayakumaran Padavettan. "Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel: Size-Dependent Properties, Surface Modification, and Applications in Silica-Polymer Nanocomposites—A Review." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/132424.
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Application of silica nanoparticles as fillers in the preparation of nanocomposite of polymers has drawn much attention, due to the increased demand for new materials with improved thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Recent developments in the synthesis of monodispersed, narrow-size distribution of nanoparticles by sol-gel method provide significant boost to development of silica-polymer nanocomposites. This paper is written by emphasizing on the synthesis of silica nanoparticles, characterization on size-dependent properties, and surface modification for the preparation of homogeneous nanocomposites, generally by sol-gel technique. The effect of nanosilica on the properties of various types of silica-polymer composites is also summarized.
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Ahmed, Zain Alabden Ghanim, Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim, Mike Kh Haddad, Dalia Khalil Ali, Anwar Mahmoud Hussein, and Ahmad Adnan Abu Sharar. "Development and Evaluation of Amlodipine-Polymer Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3427400.
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Introduction. Polymer nanoparticles are a key tool to deliver drugs to specific sites and to increase drug bioavailability. Aim. This research aims to use poly amide-disulfide nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Method. Amlodipine (Amlop) was used as a model, forming Amlop-polymer nanocomposites. In this work, we investigated the effect of independent variables (polymer, Fe3+, Al3+, and pH) on the dependent variables (loading efficiency (%LE), zeta potential, and particle size). Nanocomposites were prepared by an inotropic method. Nanocomposites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a release study. Results. From the XRD data, the Amlop-polymer nanocomposite shows semi crystallinity. In addition, the disappearance of drug peaks indicates that the drug was incorporated between the polymer molecules and was amorphous in behavior. The FTIR for the nanocomposite shows the functional group of the drug, which indicates the incorporation of Amlop into the nanocomposite. From FE-SEM, the results showed that our nanocomposites have an average particle size of approximately 130 nm. The release of amlodipine from the Amlop-polymer nanocomposite was found to be controlled, with approximately 85% within approximately 24 hours. Conclusion. The amide-disulfide polymer nanoparticles are promising carriers for different types of drugs.
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Karatrantos, Argyrios, Nigel Clarke, Russell J. Composto, and Karen I. Winey. "Entanglements in polymer nanocomposites containing spherical nanoparticles." Soft Matter 12, no. 9 (2016): 2567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02010g.
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We investigate the polymer packing around nanoparticles and polymer/nanoparticle topological constraints (entanglements) in nanocomposites containing spherical nanoparticles in comparison to pure polymer melts using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Azlan, Nurul Farrahani, Suffiyana Akhbar, Suhaiza Hanim Hanipah, and Rahida Wati Sharudin. "A short review on synthesis and characterisation of nano SiO2/TiO2 composite for insulation application." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v4i2.14972.
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Silica dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are nanoparticle fillers that are widely incorporated into polymer matrix for thermal insulation application. Combination of both fillers in producing polymer nanocomposite is interesting to review. This paper reviews on the current and recent research on the method to incorporate the SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles as the fillers into various polymer matrix such as direct mixing, intercalation, sol-gel and in situ polymerisation as well as the effect of nanofillers on the thermal properties, morphology studies, rheology behaviour, mechanical property, and conductivity (thermal and electrical) of the SiO2/TiO2 polymer nanocomposites. This paper also reviews the effect of SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles to the polymer nanocomposites in term of dielectric properties as a potential electrical insulation material. SiO2 nanoparticles presented to be the best filler to enhance the dielectric properties compared to the TiO2. When both of nanofillers are incorporated into the polymer matrix, a better result in term of mechanical, thermal, and electrical insulation properties are produced.
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Dabbaghianamiri, Maedeh, Sayantan Das, and Gary W. Beall. "Improvement Approach for Gas Barrier Behavior of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Films." MRS Advances 2, no. 57 (2017): 3547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.458.
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ABSTRACTPolymer nanocomposites (PNC) include a copolymer or polymer which has nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer matrix at the nano-level. One of the most common types of polymer nanocomposites contain smectic clays as the nanoparticles. These clay minerals increase the mechanical properties of standard polymers and improve barrier properties. For optimum barrier properties, Layer-by-Layer assembly (LbL) is one of the most effective methods for depositing thin films. LbL methods however, are quite tedious and produce large quantities of waste. A newly discovered phenomenon of self-assembled polymer nanocomposites utilizes entropic forces to drive the assembly to spontaneously form a larger nanostructured film. This approach allows polymers and nanoparticles with high particle loadings to be mixed, and create the super gas barrier films. We have developed a coating technique which can be employed to make self-assembled gas barrier films via inkjet printing. This technique is industrially scalable and efficient. This is because it does not need any rinsing step and drying steps as required in LbL. The influence of different polymers Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Poly (acrylic acid) PAA with Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay solutions on Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is examined to study their effectiveness as a gas barrier film. The results showing the excellent oxygen barrier behavior of a combination of PVP and MMT Nano clay nanocomposite with high transparency. These high barrier gas nanocomposite films are good candidates for a variety of food packaging applications.
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Mahmoodi, Mohammad Javad, Mohammad Kazem Hassanzadeh-Aghdam, and Reza Ansari. "Effects of added SiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal expansion behavior of shape memory polymer nanocomposites." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 1 (November 6, 2018): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18806405.
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In this study, a unit cell–based micromechanical approach is proposed to analyze the coefficient of thermal expansion of shape memory polymer nanocomposites containing SiO2 nanoparticles. The interphase region created due to the interaction between the SiO2 nanoparticles and shape memory polymer is modeled as the third phase in the nanocomposite representative volume element. The influences of the temperature, volume fraction, and diameter of the SiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal expansion behavior of shape memory polymer nanocomposite are explored. It is observed that the coefficient of thermal expansion of shape memory polymer nanocomposite decreases with the increase in the volume fraction up to 12%. Also, the results reveal that with the increase in temperature, the shape memory polymer nanocomposite coefficient of thermal expansion linearly increases. The role of interphase region on the thermal expansion response of the shape memory polymer nanocomposite is found to be very important. In the presence of interphase, the reduction in nanoparticle diameter leads to lower coefficient of thermal expansion for shape memory polymer nanocomposite, while the variation of nanoparticles diameter does not affect the coefficient of thermal expansion in the absence of interphase. Based on the simulation results, the shape memory polymer nanocomposite coefficient of thermal expansion decreases as the interphase thickness increases. In addition, the contribution of interphase coefficient of thermal expansion to the shape memory polymer nanocomposite coefficient of thermal expansion is more significant than that of interphase elastic modulus.
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Chen, Xin, Qiyan Zhang, Ziyu Liu, Yifei Sun, and Q. M. Zhang. "High dielectric response in dilute nanocomposites via hierarchical tailored polymer nanostructures." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 16 (April 18, 2022): 162902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087495.
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This paper presents a hierarchically designed polymer nanocomposite approach in which nanofillers at ultralow volume loading generate large dielectric enhancement in blends of high temperature dielectric polymers with tailored nanostructures. We blend poly(1,4-phenylenen ether sulfone) (PES) with polymers, such as polyetherimide (PEI), that possess more coiled chain conformations to tailor polymer nano-morphologies. Making use of such blends as the matrix, dilute nanocomposites with 0.65 vol. % loading of alumina nanoparticles (20 nm size) generate a marked enhancement in dielectric performance, i.e., raising the dielectric constant K from PES K = 3.9 (and PEI K = 3.2) to the dilute nanocomposites K = 7.6, a much higher enhancement compared with the dilute nanocomposites employing neat polymers as the matrix. The results show that polymer blends with tailored nano-morphologies as the matrix can lead to higher dielectric enhancement in dilute nanocomposites compared with neat polymers as the matrix.
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Quadrini, Fabrizio, Denise Bellisario, Loredana Santo, and Giovanni Matteo Tedde. "Anti-Bacterial Nanocomposites by Silver Nano-Coating Fragmentation." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1540.
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Silver nanocomposites are of great interest for several fields, ranging from packaging to biomedical applications, because of their known antibacterial properties. However, their use is strongly limited by technological issues: synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles are still difficult to control in terms of size, shape and aggregation. Moreover separation of nanoparticle aggregates should occur during part manufacturing by mixing with the polymer base but this process is also troublesome. In the present study, a new process to fabricate silver nanocomposites with antibacterial properties is presented. Silver nanofilms are deposited by radio frequency (RF) sputtering on polypropylene (PP) substrates. Consequently PP coated substrates are cut and inserted in a small-scale polymer mixer to produce the nanocomposite in a single step, without the need of producing nanoparticles. In fact, nanoparticles originate by the fragmentation of the nanocoating. Microscopic observations of nanocomposites revealed silver nanoclusters of different sizes. Their antibacterial activity has been verified in accordance to ISO 22196. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite was detected for the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
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Antunes, Marcelo, Vera Realinho, Gabriel Gedler, David Arencón, and Jose Ignacio Velasco. "Diffusion of CO2 in Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Different Types of Carbon Nanoparticles for Solid-State Microcellular Foaming Applications." Journal of Nano Research 26 (December 2013): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.63.
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This work considers the study of the diffusion of carbon dioxide in polypropylene and amorphous polymers containing carbon nanoparticles, particularly carbon nanofibres and graphene, as well as nanoclays, to be used in microcellular foaming. The diffusion of CO2 out and into the nanocomposites was studied during high pressure CO2 dissolution, as the amount of CO2 dissolved into the nanocomposite and CO2 desorption rate are crucial in order to have a proper control of foaming. Comparatively, platelet-like nanoparticles slowed down the desorption of CO2 out of the nanocomposites by means of a physical barrier effect, enabling a higher concentration of CO2 to remain in the polymer and be used in foaming. As a consequence of the higher amount of CO2 retained in the polymer and the cell nucleation effect promoted by the nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposite foams presented finer microcellular structures, in the case of PMMA even sub-microcellular, and higher specific moduli and electrical conductivities when compared to their pure counterparts.
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Zeng, Wenhui, Calvin O. Nyapete, Alexander H. H. Benziger, Paul A. Jelliss, and Steven W. Buckner. "Encapsulation of Reactive Nanoparticles of Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, Titanium, or Boron within Polymers for Energetic Applications." Current Applied Polymer Science 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452271602666180917095629.
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Background: There is increasing academic and industrial interest in fabricating reactive metal and metalloid nanoparticles for a number of energetics applications. Objective: Because of inherent thermodynamic instability, the greatest challenge for producing such metal nanoparticles is to kinetically stabilize their high surface areas toward reactive atmospheric constituents. Such stabilization can effectively produce nanocomposite materials that retain their high energy content or other useful properties with a respectable shelf-life. The primary focus is to summarize methods of synthesis and characterization of these energetically valuable nanoparticles. Method and Results: Method and Results: A popular and convenient method to passivate and protect reactive metal nanoparticles is to either graft pre-assembled polymer molecules to the nanoparticle surface or use the reactive nanoparticle surface to initiate and propagate oligomer or polymer growth. Conclusion: Reactive nanoparticles composed of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, or boron may be effectively passivated, capped, and protected by a variety of organic polymers. Such treatment mitigates degradation due to atmospheric reaction, while retaining the unique properties associated with the metal-polymer nanocomposites.
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Abid, Nasir Sadoon, Maha T. Sultan, and Jumbad H. Tomma. "New Nanocomposite Derivatives From Thiadiazole Polymers /Silica Synthesis and Characterization using Free Radical Polymerization." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 32, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/32.1.2016.
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A new class of thiadiazole /silica nanocomposites with chemical bonds between thiadiazole monomers and modified nanosilica surface were synthesized by free radical polymerization. Presence silica nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposite showed effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of Producing polymers. A nanocomposite material with feature properties comparison with their polymers, The structure and morphology of the synthesis materials were investigated by FT-IR spectrum which display preparation new thiadiazole compounds and polymerization monomers. FT-IR showed disappeared double bond (C=C) of monomers, due to produce long chains of thiadiazole polymers and nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction gave idea about crystalline structure of nanoparticles and nanocomposite , X-ray showed that silica nanoparticles have high intensity at 18000 , due to nanoscale of particles which allowed for particles aggregation together. While nanocomposite show low intensity due to reacted thiadaizole polymer chains with silica nanoparticles surface. The distribution of nanoparticles had characterized by Atomic forces microscopy AFM. AFM results shown roughness in the surfaces of nanocomposites C1 and C2, comparison with silica nanoparticles which gave smooth surface. The roughness attributed to reaction between functionalized surface of silica nanoparticles and chains of thiadaizole polymers, which led to change in size particles distribution and surface of particles that refer to nanocomposite.
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Li, Yushu, Yao Zhou, Sang Cheng, Jun Hu, Jinliang He, and Qi Li. "Polymer Nanocomposites with High Energy Density Utilizing Oriented Nanosheets and High-Dielectric-Constant Nanoparticles." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 4780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174780.
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The development of high-energy-density electrostatic capacitors is critical to addressing the growing electricity need. Currently, the widely studied dielectric materials are polymer nanocomposites incorporated with high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles. However, the introduction of high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles can cause local electric field distortion and high leakage current, which limits the improvement in energy density. In this work, on the basis of conventional polymer nanocomposites containing high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles, oriented boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are introduced as an extra filler phase. By changing the volume ratios of barium titanate (BT) and BNNSs, the dielectric property of polymer nanocomposites is adjusted, and thus the capacitive energy storage performance is optimized. Experimental results prove that the oriented BNNSs can suppress the propagation of charge carriers and decrease the conduction loss. Using poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) as the polymer matrix, the P(VDF-HFP)/BNNS/BT nanocomposite has a higher discharged energy density compared with the conventional nanocomposite with the freely dispersed BT nanoparticles.
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Karatrantos, Argyrios, Nigel Clarke, Russell J. Composto, and Karen I. Winey. "Polymer conformations in polymer nanocomposites containing spherical nanoparticles." Soft Matter 11, no. 2 (2015): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01980f.
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We investigate the effect of various spherical nanoparticles on chain dimensions in polymer melts for high nanoparticle loading which is larger than the percolation threshold, using molecular dynamics simulations.
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Rahmatpanah, Zahra, Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje, and Maryam Dargahi. "Optical Active Thermal Stable Nanocomposites Using Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane and Graphene Quantum Dot-MnO2." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (April 7, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2377803.
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Synthesis and characterization of new polybutadiene-based polyurethane, graphene quantum dot-MnO2 nanoparticles, and relative nanocomposites were set as the aim of current artwork. For this purpose, a one-pot polymerization approach was employed in preparation of polyurethane through the reaction of amine polyol and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in presence of DBTDL catalyst. Nanocomposites were synthesized using 1 to 3 incorporation percent of graphene quantum dot-MnO2 nanoparticles in polymer matrix. 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies confirmed successful synthesis of reaction products including graphene quantum dot-MnO2, polyurethane, and nanocomposites. UV-vis and PL spectrophotometry techniques were applied for achieving optical information of samples. Optical properties of nanocomposites were reserved properly with no great quenching. Thermal stabilities, degradation rates, and thermal characteristics of polyurethane and nanocomposites were investigated using TGA/DTG and DSC analysis. Thermal stability showed direct relationship to nanoparticle content, and 3%wt nanocomposite showed improved thermal behaviour in comparison with pure PU. SEM, XRD, and AFM techniques proved successful nanocomposite synthesis with detecting nanoparticle species and fine nanoparticle dispersion with improved topographic and morphologic characteristics making GQD-MnO2 polyurethane nanocomposites a good candidate for using in optical active and thermal stable coatings.
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Karatrantos, Argyrios, Yao Koutsawa, Philippe Dubois, Nigel Clarke, and Martin Kröger. "Miscibility and Nanoparticle Diffusion in Ionic Nanocomposites." Polymers 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091010.
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We investigate the effect of various spherical nanoparticles in a polymer matrix on dispersion, chain dimensions and entanglements for ionic nanocomposites at dilute and high nanoparticle loading by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The nanoparticle dispersion can be achieved in oligomer matrices due to the presence of electrostatic interactions. We show that the overall configuration of ionic oligomer chains, as characterized by their radii of gyration, can be perturbed at dilute nanoparticle loading by the presence of charged nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticle’s diffusivity is reduced due to the electrostatic interactions, in comparison to conventional nanocomposites where the electrostatic interaction is absent. The charged nanoparticles are found to move by a hopping mechanism.
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Monje, Anayansi Estrada, and J. Roberto Herrera Reséndiz. "Synthesis of Urethane Base Composite Materials with Metallic Nanoparticles." MRS Proceedings 1547 (2013): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.854.
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ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial properties of polymer materials are used in a verity of applications. Silver nanoparticles are commonly applied to polyurethane foams to obtain antifungal properties. For this study a series of nanocomposites (PU–Ag) from a urethane-type polymer (PU) were reinforced with various amounts of silver nanoparticles having an average size of 20 nm. The surface morphology and antifungal capacity of the nanocomposites were evaluated. As a result, a different surface morphology from PU was found in PU–Ag nanocomposites. The latter nanocomposite showed enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, when compared with the PU without silver nanoaprticles. The nanocomposite also exhibited good antifungal properties that can be used in a variety of applications.
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Zapata, Paula, Humberto Palza, Boris Díaz, Andrea Armijo, Francesca Sepúlveda, J. Ortiz, Maria Ramírez, and Claudio Oyarzún. "Effect of CaCO3 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Photo-Degradation Properties of LDPE." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010126.
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CaCO3 nanoparticles of around 60 nm were obtained by a co-precipitation method and used as filler to prepare low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites by melt blending. The nanoparticles were also organically modified with oleic acid (O-CaCO3) in order to improve their interaction with the LDPE matrix. By adding 3 and 5 wt% of nanofillers, the mechanical properties under tensile conditions of the polymer matrix improved around 29%. The pure LDPE sample and the nanocomposites with 5 wt% CaCO3 were photoaged by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation during 35 days and the carbonyl index (CI), degree of crystallinity (χc), and Young’s modulus were measured at different times. After photoaging, the LDPE/CaCO3 nanocomposites increased the percent crystallinity (χc), the CI, and Young’s modulus as compared to the pure polymer. Moreover, the viscosity of the photoaged nanocomposite was lower than that of photoaged pure LDPE, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that after photoaging the nanocomposites presented cavities around the nanoparticles. These difference showed that the presence of CaCO3 nanoparticles accelerate the photo-degradation of the polymer matrix. Our results show that the addition of CaCO3 nanoparticles into an LDPE polymer matrix allows future developments of more sustainable polyethylene materials that could be applied as films in agriculture. These LDPE-CaCO3 nanocomposites open the opportunity to improve the low degradation of the LDPE without sacrificing the polymer’s behavior, allowing future development of novel eco-friendly polymers.
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Kandulna, R., U. Das, Ms Rimpi, B. Kachhap, and N. Prasad. "Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites Based High Performance Oleds: A Review." Shodh Sankalp Journal 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54051/shodh.2021.1.3.1.
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This review reports the recent significant progress for achieving the synthesis of various types of polymer-based nanocomposites and understanding of the basic principle which determine their optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Some of the polymeric nanocomposite materials show remarkable electrical as well as optical properties regarding towards interest for applications in OLEDs. Nanoparticles which are basically inorganic, plays important role in the opto-electronic field. A nanoparticle with conjugate polymer matrix makes polymer nanocomposite and that nanocomposite used as an active emissive layer between the structures of optoelectronic device like OLEDs, OPVs etc. Application of such polymeric nanocomposite materials are discussed in this present communication with their success and failure, towards their optical as well as electrical properties in the fabrication of OLEDs.
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Tushavina, O. V., G. I. Kriven, and Thant Zin Hein. "Study of Thermophysical Properties of Polymer Materials Enhanced by Nanosized Particles." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (September 14, 2021): 1436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.155.
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In this work, the object of study is an epoxy nanocomposite based on TiO2 nanoparticles and epoxy resin, and the subject is the preparation and physical and mechanical properties of TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites. The characteristics of the properties and methods of synthesis of the initial components for the synthesis of epoxy nanocomposites - epoxy resins and nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are given, and data on epoxy nanocomposites based on nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are presented. It was found that the addition of TiO2 to the epoxy matrix reduces the coefficient of friction and significantly increases the wear resistance of such nanocomposites.
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Mohaimeed, Ameen alwan. "The Study the Influence of TiO2-Nanoparticles Doped in Polyvinyl Alcohol by Measuring Optical Properties of PVA Films." Iraqi Journal of Nanotechnology, no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47758/ijn.vi3.62.
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It was investigated how titanium dioxide nanoparticles affected the optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol. Polymer nanocomposites (PVA-TiO2) are created via stirring and casting. The results demonstrate that transmittance improves from 75% to 95% while titanium dioxide concentration enhances the absorbance of nanocomposites. Nanocomposite films made of PVA and TiO2 had reflectance values of 12 and 16 percent (weight percent=0.15 and 0.85%).The refractive index and coefficient of extinction rise with increasing density, and optical absorption and photon dispersion in the nanocomposite (PVA-TiO2) also rise as the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles rises. Real dielectric (r) and imaginary dielectric I constants also rise as titanium dioxide nanoparticle concentration does. The results show that when the weight % of (TiO2) nanoparticles increased, the energy gap decreased from 3.32 to 2.23. Additionally, optical conductivity increased with the concentration of (TiO2) NPs. Nanocomposites of PVA and TiO2 are essential for optical applications.
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Buitrago, C. Francisco, James F. Pressly, Anita S. Yang, Peter A. Gordon, Robert A. Riggleman, Bharath Natarajan, and Karen I. Winey. "Creep attenuation in glassy polymer nanocomposites with variable polymer–nanoparticle interactions." Soft Matter 16, no. 38 (2020): 8912–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01247e.
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Armentano, Ilaria, Matteo Gigli, Francesco Morena, Chiara Argentati, Luigi Torre, and Sabata Martino. "Recent Advances in Nanocomposites Based on Aliphatic Polyesters: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Regenerative Medicine." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091452.
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In the last decade, biopolymer matrices reinforced with nanofillers have attracted great research efforts thanks to the synergistic characteristics derived from the combination of these two components. In this framework, this review focuses on the fundamental principles and recent progress in the field of aliphatic polyester-based nanocomposites for regenerative medicine applications. Traditional and emerging polymer nanocomposites are described in terms of polymer matrix properties and synthesis methods, used nanofillers, and nanocomposite processing and properties. Special attention has been paid to the most recent nanocomposite systems developed by combining alternative copolymerization strategies with specific nanoparticles. Thermal, electrical, biodegradation, and surface properties have been illustrated and correlated with the nanoparticle kind, content, and shape. Finally, cell-polymer (nanocomposite) interactions have been described by reviewing analysis methodologies such as primary and stem cell viability, adhesion, morphology, and differentiation processes.
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TSAI, SU-JUNG CANDACE, ALI ASHTER, EARL ADA, JOEY L. MEAD, CAROL F. BARRY, and MICHAEL J. ELLENBECKER. "CONTROL OF AIRBORNE NANOPARTICLES RELEASE DURING COMPOUNDING OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES." Nano 03, no. 04 (August 2008): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329200800112x.
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Polymer nanocomposites, which contain nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix, provide improved properties at low filler loadings. These materials are already produced commercially, with twin-screw extrusion being the preferred process for compounding the nanoparticles and polymer melts. Several recent studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles can enter the body through inhalation, but the risk assessments for nanoparticle exposures are incomplete. Recently, concerns had been expressed that airborne nanoparticles released during compounding might present significant exposure to extruder operators. To assess the impact of the nanoparticles during twin-screw compounding of nanocomposites, researchers with experience in occupational and environmental health and polymer manufacturing monitored the compounding process for a model nanoalumina-containing nanocomposite using a TSI Fast Mobility Particle Spectrometer (FMPS). FMPS measurements were taken at background locations, source locations, and operators' breathing zones. In parallel to the FMPS real time measurement, airborne nanoparticles were collected using polycarbonate filters fitted with filmed grids driven by a personal air sampling pump. Filter samples were analyzed for particle morphology and elemental composition, and the results were found to be in good agreement with particle measurements by FMPS. Engineering controls and administrative controls were applied to reduce particle release from the compounding process and other operations in the laboratory. The administrative controls dramatically eliminated nanoparticles in the laboratory air, reducing total concentration by as much as 53 000 particles/cm3. Engineering controls were investigated and significant reductions of particle release were attained. The primary solution to reduce exposure level of nanoalumina is to isolate the releasing source. Overall, the engineering controls and administrative controls were effective in reducing airborne nanoparticle release during compounding.
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Khan, Hizb Ullah, Muhammad Tariq Jan, Mahmood Iqbal, Mutabar Shah, Inam Ullah, Jehangeer Khan, Kalsoom Mahmood, Abdul Niaz, and Muhammad Tariq. "Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Silver Doped Polyvinyl Acetate/Graphene Nanocomposites: A Novel Humidity Sensor." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 234, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1302.
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AbstractIn the present study, we have synthesized conducting polymer nanocomposites consist of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), graphene, and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by UV/Vis, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM techniques. SEM images showed that AgNPs and graphene sheets are well dispersed in the PVAc matrix. The electrical conductivities of the nanocomposites were examined using the impedance analyzer instrument. It was ascertained that polymer composite containing silver nanoparticles and graphene exhibit higher conductivities. The PVAc-AgNPs/Graphene nanocomposite was also used as potential conducting materials for humidity measurement.
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Tsivileva, Olga, Alexander Pozdnyakov, and Anastasiya Ivanova. "Polymer Nanocomposites of Selenium Biofabricated Using Fungi." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123657.
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Nanoparticle-reinforced polymer-based materials effectively combine the functional properties of polymers and unique characteristic features of NPs. Biopolymers have attained great attention, with perspective multifunctional and high-performance nanocomposites exhibiting a low environmental impact with unique properties, being abundantly available, renewable, and eco-friendly. Nanocomposites of biopolymers are termed green biocomposites. Different biocomposites are reported with numerous inorganic nanofillers, which include selenium. Selenium is a micronutrient that can potentially be used in the prevention and treatment of diseases and has been extensively studied for its biological activity. SeNPs have attracted increasing attention due to their high bioavailability, low toxicity, and novel therapeutic properties. One of the best routes to take advantage of SeNPs’ properties is by mixing these NPs with polymers to obtain nanocomposites with functionalities associated with the NPs together with the main characteristics of the polymer matrix. These nanocomposite materials have markedly improved properties achieved at low SeNP concentrations. Composites based on polysaccharides, including fungal beta-glucans, are bioactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have exhibited an innovative potential. Mushrooms meet certain obvious requirements for the green entity applied to the SeNP manufacturing. Fungal-matrixed selenium nanoparticles are a new promising biocomposite material. This review aims to give a summary of what is known by now about the mycosynthesized selenium polymeric nanocomposites with the impact on fungal-assisted manufactured ones, the mechanisms of the involved processes at the chemical reaction level, and problems and challenges posed in this area.
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Munhoz Jr., Antônio Hortêncio, Alber Luiz do Nascimento, Cesar Denuzzo, Gabriel Cavalcante Gomes, Leila Figueiredo de Miranda, and Maura Vincenza Rossi. "Obtaining and Characterizing Nylon 6.12-Pseudoboehmite Nanocomposites - Mechanic Tests." Advances in Science and Technology 97 (October 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.97.3.
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Polymer nanocomposites are formed by nanometrical particles embedded in a matrix. Additions of small amounts of nanoparticles of inorganic material in polymer matrixes can greatly improve mechanical properties when compared with the pure polymer. The high specific surface area of the inorganic nanoparticle materials promotes its dispersion in the polymeric matrix and the resulting properties are strongly related to the homogeneity of the dispersion. In the present work, nylon 6.12 nanocomposites with aged pseudoboehmite were obtained using octadecylamine to improve the union between the polymer and the pseudoboehmite. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermal and mechanical test. The pseudoboehmite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The nanocomposite was characterized by tensile strength test, 3 points bending test and impact Izod resistance test. The addition of pseudoboehmite promote the increase of the elasticity modulus evidencing the interaction of the pseudoboehmite with the polymeric matrix, probably modifying its crystalline structure. The addition of pseudoboehmite promoted an increase in the HDT an Vicat temperatures of the nanocomposite.
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Skountzos, Emmanuel N., Katerina S. Karadima, and Vlasis G. Mavrantzas. "Structure and Dynamics of Highly Attractive Polymer Nanocomposites in the Semi-Dilute Regime: The Role of Interfacial Domains and Bridging Chains." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162749.
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Detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to study how the presence of adsorbed domains and nanoparticle bridging chains affect the structural, conformational, thermodynamic, and dynamic properties of attractive polymer nanocomposite melts in the semi-dilute regime. As a model system we have chosen an unentangled poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) matrix containing amorphous spherical silica nanoparticles with different diameters and at different concentrations. Emphasis is placed on properties such as the polymer mass density profile around nanoparticles, the compressibility of the system, the mean squared end-to-end distance of PEG chains, their orientational and diffusive dynamics, the single chain form factor, and the scattering functions. Our analysis reveals a significant impact of the adsorbed, interfacial polymer on the microscopic dynamic and conformational properties of the nanocomposite, especially under conditions favoring higher surface-to-volume ratios (e.g., for small nanoparticle sizes at fixed nanoparticle loading, or for higher silica concentrations). Simultaneously, adsorbed polymer chains adopt graft-like conformations, a feature that allows them to considerably extend away from the nanoparticle surface to form bridges with other nanoparticles. These bridges drive the formation of a nanoparticle network whose strength (number of tie chains per nanoparticle) increases substantially with increasing concentration of the polymer matrix in nanoparticles, or with decreasing nanoparticle size at fixed nanoparticle concentration. The presence of hydroxyl groups at the ends of PEG chains plays a key role in the formation of the network. If hydroxyl groups are substituted by methoxy ones, the simulations reveal that the number of bridging chains per nanoparticle decreases dramatically, thus the network formed is less dense and less strong mechanically, and has a smaller impact on the properties of the nanocomposite. Our simulations predict further that the isothermal compressibility and thermal expansion coefficient of PEG-silica nanocomposites are significantly lower than those of pure PEG, with their values decreasing practically linear with increasing concentration of the nanocomposite in nanoparticles.
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Schadler, Linda S., Sarah L. Lewis, Jun Wei Yang, and Brian C. Benicewicz. "Polymer Nanocomposites with Designed Interfaces." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.909.
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This paper shows preliminary results for polymer nanocomposites consisting of “hairy” silica particles with grafted polystyrene in polystyrene matrices of controlled molecular weight and polydispersity. The goal of the work is to tailor the degree of wetting / interaction between the particles and polymer by controlling the graft density and molecular weight of the grafted polymer. This is providing an opportunity to study the properties of the interface region and to control the bulk composite properties. We have found that the predictions for flat brushes are qualitatively, but not quantitatively, applicable and that the highly curved surfaces of nanoparticles present several challenges for the design of nanoparticle interfaces. The talk will present more complete results in this system and provide an overview of other work in our group using tailored interfaces to control nanocomposite properties.
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Kausar, Ayesha, and Ishaq Ahmad. "Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding—Radical Developments." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 6 (June 10, 2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060240.
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Electromagnetic interference disturbs the working of electronic devices and affects the surroundings and human health. Consequently, research has led to the development of radiation-protection materials. Inherently conducting polymers have been found to be suitable for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding owing to their fine electrical conductivity properties. Moreover, nanoparticle-reinforced conjugated polymers have been used to form efficient nanocomposites for EMI shielding. Nanoparticle addition has further enhanced the radiation protection capability of conducting polymers. This state-of-the-art comprehensive review describes the potential of conducting polymer nanocomposites for EMI shielding. Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, have been widely used to form nanocomposites with carbon, metal, and inorganic nanoparticles. The EMI shielding effectiveness of conducting polymers and nanocomposites has been the focus of researchers. Moreover, the microscopic, mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, dielectric, and permittivity properties of nanocomposites have been explored. Electrically conducting materials achieve high EMI shielding by absorbing and/or dissipating the electromagnetic field. The future of these nanomaterials relies on nanomaterial design, facile processing, and overcoming dispersion and processing challenges in this field.
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Elhosiny Ali, H., Z. R. Khan, H. Algarni, E. F. El-Shamy, Mohd Shkir, and Yasmin Khairy. "Engineering the Physical Properties of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Films by Adding Tb–NiO Nanoparticles for Flexible Optoelectronics Applications." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3216.
Full textAbstract:
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (1:1) polymer mixture films were developed using the solution-casting technique. Physical properties engineering of as grown chemical casting films were achieved through the Tb–NiO nanoparticles mixing in a polymer blend with different content of 0.0, 0.037, 0.37, 1.85, and 3.7 wt%. The variation of physical properties of nanocomposites thin layer was examined from X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscope (AFM), FTIR spectroscopy, and Uv-visible spectroscopy. Optical band gaps of polymer nanocomposites films were calculated to study the influence of Tb–NiO nanoparticle doping are decreased after addition of Tb–NiO nanostructures in the composites. AFM images of films reveal successful adsorption of Tb–NiO nanoparticles in polymer blend. In addition, FTIR spectra showed successful loading of Tb–NiO nanoparticles in PVP/PVA blend matrix. The extinction coefficients, refractive index, optical dielectric constant and optical conductivity were also investigated in correlation with different wt% Tb–NiO doping concentrations. In addition, the values of oscillator, dispersion energies Eo, Ed and static refractive indices no were calculated. The optical limiting behavior of films showed that the polymer nanocomposite films are suitable for flexible optoelectronics devices.
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Faupel, Franz, Vladimir Zaporojtchenko, Thomas Strunskus, Henry Greve, Ulrich Schürmann, Haile Takele, Christian Hanisch, et al. "Functional Polymer Nanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 16, no. 8 (October 2008): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600801.
Full textAbstract:
While extensive research has been carried out in the field of structural polymer-based nanocomposites much less investigations have been concerned with polymer nanocomposites for functional applications. Among the functional nanomaterials, nanocomposites consisting of metal nanoparticles dispersed in a dielectric matrix are of particular interest due to their novel functional properties offering hosts of new applications. Here, polymers are attractive as matrix, and several approaches have been reported to incorporate metal nanoparticles into polymers. The present review is concerned with the preparation of polymer-based nanocomposites by vapor phase co-and tandem deposition and the resulting functional properties. The techniques involve evaporation and sputtering, respectively, of metallic and organic components and inter alia allow the preparation of composites which contain alloy clusters of well defined composition. Emphasis is placed on soft-magnetic high frequency materials with cut-off frequencies well above 1 GHz and on optical composites with tuned plasmon resonances suitable for ultra thin color filters, Bragg reflectors, and other devices. In addition, antibacterial coatings and sensors for organic vapors are addressed. The latter take advantage of the steep drop of the electrical resistivity at the percolation threshold. First results are also reported on the incorporation of photo-switchable molecules into nanocomposites near the percolation threshold. Moreover, a novel approach to produce magnetic nanorods is presented.
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Ruiz de Luzuriaga, Alaitz, Hans Grande, and Jose A. Pomposo. "A Theoretical Investigation of Polymer-Nanoparticles as Miscibility Improvers in All-Polymer Nanocomposites." Journal of Nano Research 2 (August 2008): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.2.105.
Full textAbstract:
The miscibility behaviour of polymer-nanoparticle / linear-polymer blends (all-polymer nanocomposites) has been investigated using an incompressible mean-field theoretical model that accounts for combinatorial, temperature-dependent exchange interaction energy and nanoparticle-driven effects. The theory is employed to predict the phase diagram of poly(styrene)-nanoparticle (PS-np) / linear-poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) nanocomposites from room temperature to 675 K. Complete miscibility is predicted for PS-nanoparticles with radius < 6 nm blended with PVME (molecular weight 62 500 g/mol, nanoparticle volume fraction 20 %). The effect of PVME molecular weight and blend composition on the miscibility diagram is also addressed. When compared to the well-known experimental phase diagram of linear-PS / PVME blends displaying lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviour, the miscibility improving effect of sub-10 nm PS-nanoparticles is clearly highlighted. In terms of the model, this favourable nanoscale effect arises mainly from the reduced stretching induced by the sub-10 nm nanoparticles and the increased exothermic contacts when compared to nanoparticles with sizes > 10 nm.