Journal articles: 'Nanoparticles - Biological Applications'

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WA, Elkhateeb. "Nanoparticles: Characterization, Biological Synthesis and Applications." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000196.

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The development of eco-friendly technologies in material synthesis is of considerable importance to expand their biological applications. Nowadays, a variety of inorganic nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size, and morphology have been synthesized by using different microorganisms. This paper highlights the recent developments of the biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles and provides an insight about microbial biosynthesis of nanomaterial by bacteria, yeast and moulds for the manufacturing of sensoristic devices, therapeutic/diagnostic, and industrial applications.

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Huang, Shan, and Jun-Jie Zhu. "Linkage Pathways of DNA–Nanoparticle Conjugates and Biological Applications." Chemosensors 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080444.

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DNA–nanoparticle conjugates have extraordinary optical and catalytic properties that have attracted great interest in biosensing and biomedical applications. Combining these special qualities has made it possible to create extremely sensitive and selective biomolecule detection methods, as well as effective nanopharmaceutical carriers and therapy medications. In particular, inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles, metal–organic framework nanoparticles, or upconversion nanoparticles with relatively inert surfaces can easily bind to DNA through covalent bonds, ligand bonds, electrostatic adsorption, biotin–streptavidin interactions and click chemistry to form DNA–nanoparticle conjugates for a broad range of applications in biosensing and biomedicine due to their exceptional surface modifiability. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the assembly mechanism of DNA–nanoparticle conjugates and their biological applications. The challenges of designing DNA–nanoparticle conjugates and their further applications are also discussed.

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Compostella, Federica, Olimpia Pitirollo, Alessandro Silvestri, and Laura Polito. "Glyco-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and applications." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (May 24, 2017): 1008–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.100.

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Glyco-gold nanoparticles combine in a single entity the peculiar properties of gold nanoparticles with the biological activity of carbohydrates. The result is an exciting nanosystem, able to mimic the natural multivalent presentation of saccharide moieties and to exploit the peculiar optical properties of the metallic core. In this review, we present recent advances on glyco-gold nanoparticle applications in different biological fields, highlighting the key parameters which inspire the glyco nanoparticle design.

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Shannahan, Jonathan. "The biocorona: a challenge for the biomedical application of nanoparticles." Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0098.

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AbstractFormation of the biocorona on the surface of nanoparticles is a significant obstacle for the development of safe and effective nanotechnologies, especially for nanoparticles with biomedical applications. Following introduction into a biological environment, nanoparticles are rapidly coated with biomolecules resulting in formation of the nanoparticle-biocorona. The addition of these biomolecules alters the nanoparticle’s physicochemical characteristics, functionality, biodistribution, and toxicity. To synthesize effective nanotherapeutics and to more fully understand possible toxicity following human exposures, it is necessary to elucidate these interactions between the nanoparticle and the biological media resulting in biocorona formation. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which the addition of the biocorona governs nanoparticle-cell interactions is also required. Through elucidating the formation and the biological impact of the biocorona, the field of nanotechnology can reach its full potential. This understanding of the biocorona will ultimately allow for more effective laboratory screening of nanoparticles and enhanced biomedical applications. The importance of the nanoparticle-biocorona has been appreciated for a decade; however, there remain numerous future directions for research which are necessary for study. This perspectives article will summarize the unique challenges presented by the nanoparticle-biocorona and avenues of future needed investigation.

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Bruckmann, Franciele da Silva, Franciane Batista Nunes, Theodoro da Rosa Salles, Camila Franco, Francine Carla Cadoná, and Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden. "Biological Applications of Silica-Based Nanoparticles." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100131.

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Silica nanoparticles have been widely explored in biomedical applications, mainly related to drug delivery and cancer treatment. These nanoparticles have excellent properties, high biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and ease of functionalization. Moreover, silica is used to coat magnetic nanoparticles protecting against acid leaching and aggregation as well as increasing cytocompatibility. This review reports the recent advances of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles focusing on drug delivery, drug target systems, and their use in magnetohyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging. Notwithstanding, the application in other biomedical fields is also reported and discussed. Finally, this work provides an overview of the challenges and perspectives related to the use of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field.

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Zhang, Hua-Juan, and Huan-Ming Xiong. "Biological Applications of ZnO Nanoparticles." Current Molecular Imaging 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/22115552113029990012.

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Sperling, Ralph A., Pilar Rivera Gil, Feng Zhang, Marco Zanella, and Wolfgang J. Parak. "Biological applications of gold nanoparticles." Chemical Society Reviews 37, no. 9 (2008): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b712170a.

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Colombo, Miriam, Susana Carregal-Romero, Maria F. Casula, Lucía Gutiérrez, María P. Morales, Ingrid B. Böhm, Johannes T. Heverhagen, Davide Prosperi, and Wolfgang J. Parak. "Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles." Chemical Society Reviews 41, no. 11 (2012): 4306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cs15337h.

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Shah, Monic, Vivek D. Badwaik, and Rajalingam Dakshinamurthy. "Biological Applications of Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 344–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.8900.

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Petrov, Kirill D., and Alexey S. Chubarov. "Magnetite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Encyclopedia 2, no. 4 (November 14, 2022): 1811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2040125.

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential in various areas such as medicine, cancer therapy and diagnostics, biosensing, and material science. In particular, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are extensively used for numerous bioapplications due to their biocompatibility, high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. This paper describes magnetic nanoparticle physical and biological properties, emphasizing synthesis approaches, toxicity, and various biomedical applications, focusing on the most recent advancements in the areas of therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, and biosensing.

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Idris, Dahir Sagir, and Arpita Roy. "Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Applications—An Updated Review." Crystals 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2023): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040637.

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The manipulation of matter at the atomic level (nanotechnology) has experienced an explosion in research interest in recent years. Bimetallic nanoparticles are vital due to their high biocompatibility, stability and comparatively less toxicity. The synthesis methods that include physical, chemical and biological methods are explored and explained in detail, along with their advantages. They have a wide range of applications due to their synergistic properties including biological applications (in medicine and agriculture), environmental application (in water treatment and removal of toxic contaminants), engineering application (in nanosensors, nanochips and nano-semiconductors) and chemical and physical application (in optics, catalysis and paints). The green synthesis approach is a promising method of synthesis that can give rise to more biocompatible and less toxic bimetallic nanoparticles due to increasing environmental pollution. However, despite these interesting attributes of bimetallic nanoparticle, there is still much work to be done to improve the biocompatibility of bimetallic nanoparticles because of their toxicity and potentially hazardous effects.

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Fediv, V. I. "Synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles CdS:Mn in the polymer solution for biological applications." Functional Materials 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm21.02.220.

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Roy, Arpita, Chetan Pandit, Amel Gacem, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Muhammad Bilal, Saiful Islam, Md Jamal Hossain, and Mohammed Jameel. "Biologically Derived Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2022 (August 1, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8184217.

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Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving discipline as it has a wide variety of applications in several fields. They have been synthesized in a variety of ways. Traditional processes such as chemical and physical synthesis have limits, whether in the form of chemical contamination during synthesis operations or in subsequent applications and usage of more energy. Over the last decade, research has focused on establishing easy, nontoxic, clean, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly techniques for nanoparticle production. To achieve this goal, biological synthesis was created to close this gap. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a one-step process, and it is ecofriendly in nature. The metabolic activities of biological agents convert dissolved metal ions into nanometals. For biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, various biological agents like plants, fungus, and bacteria are utilized. In this review paper, the aim is to provide a summary of contemporary research on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and their applications in various domains have been discussed.

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Khattak, Shahana, Gul Rehman Elmi, Farah Azhar, Hina Ahsan, Kalsoom Saleem, and Faryal Jahan. "Biological Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles; A Review." Pharmaceutical Communications 1, no. 01 (December 31, 2022): 07–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/pharma.001.001.0200.

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In nanotechnology field, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained much interest. The magnetic nanoparticles have been widely explored for applications due to ease of manufacturing and functionalization with polymers and other materials which makes them highly sensitive for many biological and biomedical applications. They transform electromagnetic energy into heat when exposed to magnetic field, and, hence, prove themselves as potent anti-cancer agent. The most advanced application of nanoscale materials towards human health is application as contrast agents in imaging modalities. MNPs proved safer as imaging contrast agents than conventional methods. MNPs have also been used in overcoming bacterial resistance and as anti-viral agent. They provide further evidences as emerging means in treatment and diagnosis of CVD and chronic inflammatory diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis. They also have employed in gene therapy to treat chronic diseases now a day.

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Chang, Chia-Chen, Chie-Pein Chen, Tzu-Heng Wu, Ching-Hsu Yang, Chii-Wann Lin, and Chen-Yu Chen. "Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Strategies for Chemical and Biological Sensing Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060861.

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Gold nanoparticles are popularly used in biological and chemical sensors and their applications owing to their fascinating chemical, optical, and catalytic properties. Particularly, the use of gold nanoparticles is widespread in colorimetric assays because of their simple, cost-effective fabrication, and ease of use. More importantly, the gold nanoparticle sensor response is a visual change in color, which allows easy interpretation of results. Therefore, many studies of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric methods have been reported, and some review articles published over the past years. Most reviews focus exclusively on a single gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric technique for one analyte of interest. In this review, we focus on the current developments in different colorimetric assay designs for the sensing of various chemical and biological samples. We summarize and classify the sensing strategies and mechanism analyses of gold nanoparticle-based detection. Additionally, typical examples of recently developed gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric methods and their applications in the detection of various analytes are presented and discussed comprehensively.

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Kumar, Hemant, Shwetank Shashi Pandey, Jitender Kumar, Pramod Kumar, and Balaram Pani. "Recent Designed Simple Synthesis Approaches, Surface Modification Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Biologically Inspired Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2612rjce1540163.

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In biomedical applications, iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) offer several excellent advantages. In biological systems, iron oxide nanoparticles have a non-toxic nature. Iron oxide nanoparticles may be employed in a variety of biological applications since they have magnetic and semiconductor characteristics. In order to get over current limitations, recent research has focused on developing next-generation nanoparticle systems with enhanced surface modifications for internalization and targeting. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have a variety of biological applications, including cell separation, hyperthermia, tissue healing and magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement. This review clarifies how IO NPs are used in many biological applications. According to this review, iron oxide plays a positive function in biological activity because of its simplicity of synthesis, various magnetic behaviors, biocompatibility and biodegradability. When iron oxide nanoparticles are used in a biological way, their size, shape, surface modification, aggregation and electrical properties all have a unique effect. Based on this review work, the IO NPs may be specified for biocompatibility, hyperthermia, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, tissue repair and magnetofection.

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Chen, Wei. "Nanoparticle Fluorescence Based Technology for Biological Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 1019–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.301.

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Fluorescence is widely used in biological detection and imaging. The emerging luminescent nanoparticles or quantum dots provide a new type of biological agents that can improve these applications. The advantages of luminescent nanoparticles for biological applications include their high quantum yield, color availability, good photo-stability, large surface-to-volume ratio, surface functionality, and small size. In this review article, we first introduce quantum size confinement, photoluminescence and upconversion luminescence of nanoparticles, then describe the preparation and conjugation of water soluble nanoparticles and introduce the applications of luminescence nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo imaging, fluorescence resonance energy based detection, and the applications of luminescence nanoparticles for photodynamic activation.

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Wang, Yi, Fengkai Ruan, Zhenghong Zuo, and Chengyong He. "Nanoparticle-Induced m6A RNA Modification: Detection Methods, Mechanisms and Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030389.

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With the increasing application of nanoparticles (NPs) in medical and consumer applications, it is necessary to ensure their safety. As m6A (N6-methyladenosine) RNA modification is one of the most prevalent RNA modifications involved in many diseases and essential biological processes, the relationship between nanoparticles and m6A RNA modification for the modulation of these events has attracted substantial research interest. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between nanoparticles and m6A RNA modification, but evidence is beginning to emerge. Therefore, a summary of these aspects from current research on nanoparticle-induced m6A RNA modification is timely and significant. In this review, we highlight the roles of m6A RNA modification in the bioimpacts of nanoparticles and thus elaborate on the mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced m6A RNA modification. We also summarize the dynamic regulation and biofunctions of m6A RNA modification. Moreover, we emphasize recent advances in the application perspective of nanoparticle-induced m6A RNA modification in medication and toxicity of nanoparticles to provide a potential method to facilitate the design of nanoparticles by deliberately tuning m6A RNA modification.

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Wang, Tingting, Yang Jiao, Qinyuan Chai, and Xinjun Yu. "Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biological Applications." Nano LIFE 05, no. 03 (September 2015): 1542007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984415420076.

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Gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) as one of the most stable metal nanoparticles have demonstrated extensive applications in recent years. In this review, the synthetic methods to AuNPs were discussed, which included citrate reduction, Brust–Schiffrin method, ligand-stabilized AuNPs and so on, followed with the synthetic mechanisms. Special emphasis was made on polymer modified AuNPs in biomedical applications, especially for polymer/ AuNPs conjugated in the field of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. The applications based on optoelectronic properties, which was related to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, were also summarized as biosensors for labeling and detection.

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ZHANG, Lei, Lan MO, JingJing SHEN, Ying ZHANG, and LianHui WANG. "Plasmons nanoparticles assembly and biological applications." Chinese Science Bulletin 61, no. 27 (September 1, 2016): 3036–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972016-00727.

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Cognet, Laurent, Mona Treguer-Delapierre, and Stephan Link. "Biological applications of electromagnetically active nanoparticles." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 20 (April 24, 2017): 200201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa694a.

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Bagwe, Rahul P., Xiaojun Zhao, and Weihong Tan. "Bioconjugated Luminescent Nanoparticles for Biological Applications." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (January 7, 2003): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/dis-120021801.

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Shelin, A. R., and S. Meenakshi. "Bionanomaterials an emerging field of nanotechnology." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 121, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7498.

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The science that involves nano-sized particles have been shown to have a huge impact on a variety of research fields, such as electronics, medicine, engineering, robotics and technology. The involvement of biological agents in nanoscience helped in the origin of bionanotechnology, which is deeply rooted in therapeutic and medical applications. This review provides an initiative to understand the combination of biological molecules and nanoparticles in delivering a great impression in the world of therapeutics.Conjugation of nanoparticles with the biological molecules makes them more friendly for the living system by increasing biocompatibility and reducing toxicity.Growing research in this area has revealed the identification and characterization of numerous biological agents of nano-sized that can serve as better carrier systems. They are exploited in the development of advanced nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems. In general, either the combined form or the one in the derived form of nanoparticles from different biological organisms provides a valuable understanding of their specifications and importance in different therapeutic aspects.The combined form of biological molecules and nanoparticles is not yet well understood, and this might provide a baseline for prospects.This review provides an understanding of biologically synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles and their potential as therapeutic norms and highlights their applications, especially in the clinical field.

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Renitta, R. E., T. J. Jebaseeli, A. Dhanaraj, and S. Paul. "Biological synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle from Cynodon dactylon." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 113, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0952.

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There are several advantages of using a biological technique to produce nanoparticles versus a chemical method. The primary goal of this work is to characterize and biologically synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from Cynodon dactylon. The characterization has experimented with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, EDX analysis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The suggested study uses a simple biological technique to accomplish the systematic biological synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extract and titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to confirm the fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The plant extract as well as titanium-based nanoparticles of the herb, Cynodon dactylon will be tested for its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. This eco-friendly technique for nanoparticle synthesis is straightforward and adaptable to major commercial manufacturing and technological applications. Cynodon dactylon biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is efficient, nutrition dependent, does not employ hazardous compounds, and happens at neutral pH levels. The antibacterial study results show that TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using Cynodon dactylon have good antibacterial properties. TiO2 nanoparticle method of action against bacteria is unknown. This is an alternative process for synthesising TiO2 nanoparticles, apart from other chemical protocols, since this is quick and non-toxic. The antimicrobial property of biologically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii was tested at four different doses of 15 µl/mg, 25 µl/mg, 50 µl/mg, and 75 µl/mg. The present results revealed the 75 µl/mg concentration got the highest zone of inhibition (15, 13, 15 mm) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Many nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are firmly agglomerated with each other in the study. TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region of 200 to 400 nm. XRD measurements confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the biologically produced sample. In our work, EDX was used to confirm the existence of Ti after its synthesis by Cynodon dactylon. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extracts exhibit a good potent antibacterial activity. The proposed results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles are well suited for biomedical applications. The suggested research identifies several eco-friendly, biological, and cost-effective procedures for manufacturing nano-coated herbal products. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess antibacterial activities toward test pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

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Mughal, Bilal, Syed Zohaib Javaid Zaidi, Xunli Zhang, and Sammer Ul Hassan. "Biogenic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062598.

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Nanotechnology plays a big part in our modern daily lives, ranging from the biomedical sector to the energy sector. There are different physicochemical and biological methods to synthesise nanoparticles towards multiple applications. Biogenic production of nanoparticles through the utilisation of microorganisms provides great advantages over other techniques and is increasingly being explored. This review examines the process of the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles mediated by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae, and their applications. Microorganisms offer a disparate environment for nanoparticle synthesis. Optimum production and minimum time to obtain the desired size and shape, to improve the stability of nanoparticles and to optimise specific microorganisms for specific applications are the challenges to address, however. Numerous applications of biogenic nanoparticles in medicine, environment, drug delivery and biochemical sensors are discussed.

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Deng, Zhaoren, Ming Gong, and Yue Li. "Synthesis of Different Nanoparticles for Biological Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2133, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012004.

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Abstract Compared with traditional materials, the application of nanomaterials in biomedical fields will bring many excellent performances. This review summarizes some new developments and applications of nanoparticles in recent years from the perspective of biology and medicine, including magnetic resonance imaging, treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and plant infection disease, oxygen-releasing scaffolds, engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) based sanitizer, drug loading system and cancer treatment. This article summarized and discussed the synthesis methods, characterization, advantages, and applications based on these aspects. Introducing nanoparticles into biomedical fields can provide useful ideas for applying nanoparticles in biology and pharmacy in the future.

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Landry, Markita P. "Protein Corona Formation on Hard and Polymeric Nanoparticles – Towards Understanding Biocompatibility, Biodistribution, and Efficacy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 8 (July 7, 2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-018707mtgabs.

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Unpredictable protein adsorption on both hard and soft nanoparticles remains a considerable challenge towards effectively applying nanotechnologies in biological environments. Hard nanoparticles form the basis of many chemical nanosensors. Conversely, soft nanoparticles such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are vital for the successful delivery of mRNA-based vaccines, and offer promising applications in neonatal gene therapy, immunotherapy, and protein replacement therapy. Understanding the biological interactions that both hard and soft nanoparticles undergo upon introduction into biological systems is central to optimize the outcomes of nanoparticle-based delivery biotechnologies in clinical settings. Herein, we present a multimodal study of protein corona composition and dynamics, first on ‘hard’ nanoparticles: spherical polystyrene nanoparticles (a previously studied model nanoparticle) and high aspect ratio single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, an understudied nanoparticle). These nanoparticles are exposed to two biofluids of interest: blood plasma (relevant for intravenous applications) and cerebrospinal fluid (relevant for brain imaging and sensing applications). To study these protein coronas, we develop a methodology based on quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry [1] and chemical thermodynamic analysis of real-time protein binding to identify protein corona ‘fingerprints’, enabling quantification of protein abundance and enrichment/depletion relative to the native biofluid, transient kinetics [2], and end-state topology. Interestingly, we find that the heavily studied polystyrene nanoparticles are relatively agnostic in the formation of their protein coronas, demonstrating little preference for particular protein classes or physicochemical properties. Conversely, we find that SWCNTs show strong preference for certain protein classes. Our additional work in machine learing-based analysis shows that corona compositions, and more broadly nanoparticle biofouling, can be drastically different for each nanoparticle type [3]. Lastly, we study nano-bio interactions encountered by ‘soft’ nanoparticles: LNPs commonly used for the therapeutic delivery of mRNA. We investigate how modifying (i) the mRNA packaged inside the LNPs and (ii) the ionizable lipid within the LNPs modulate the subsequently formed protein corona in (iii) various biological environments of relevance for delivery applications. Importantly, this workflow is readily translatable across soft polymer-based nanotechnologies of interest, which are understudied due to the experimental complexity of separating nanoparticle-corona complexes from free proteins. This fundamental understanding of protein-LNP interactions could enable more seamless design and clinical application of next-generation LNP carriers to bolster the safe and effective delivery of mRNA and other therapeutics to patients. References Pinals, R.L., et al., Quantitative Protein Corona Composition and Dynamics on Carbon Nanotubes in Biological Environments. Angewandte Chemie (2020). Pinals, R. L., Yang, D., Lui, A., Cao, W. & Landry, M. P. Corona Exchange Dynamics on Carbon Nanotubes by Multiplexed Fluorescence Monitoring. JACS (2020). Ouassil, N.*, Pinals, R.L.*, O’Donnell, J.T.D., Wang, J., Landry, M.P.‡ Supervised Learning Model to Predict Protein Adsorption to Nanoparticles. Science Advances (2022).

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Sutthavas, Pichaporn, Matthias Schumacher, Kai Zheng, Pamela Habibović, Aldo Roberto Boccaccini, and Sabine van Rijt. "Zn-Loaded and Calcium Phosphate-Coated Degradable Silica Nanoparticles Can Effectively Promote Osteogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12172918.

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Nanoparticles such as mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are promising for use in bone regeneration applications due to their inherent bioactivity. Doping silica nanoparticles with bioinorganic ions could further enhance their biological performance. For example, zinc (Zn) is often used as an additive because it plays an important role in bone formation and development. Local delivery and dose control are important aspects of its therapeutic application. In this work, we investigated how Zn incorporation in MSN and MBG nanoparticles impacts their ability to promote human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenesis and mineralization in vitro. Zn ions were incorporated in three different ways; within the matrix, on the surface or in the mesopores. The nanoparticles were further coated with a calcium phosphate (CaP) layer to allow pH-responsive delivery of the ions. We demonstrate that the Zn incorporation amount and ion release profile affect the nanoparticle’s ability to stimulate osteogenesis in hMSCs. Specifically, we show that the nanoparticles that contain rapid Zn release profiles and a degradable silica matrix were most effective in inducing hMSC differentiation. Moreover, cells cultured in the presence of nanoparticle-containing media resulted in the highest induction of alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, followed by culturing hMSC on nanoparticles immobilized on the surface as films. Exposure to nanoparticle-conditioned media did not increase ALP activity in hMSCs. In summary, Zn incorporation mode and nanoparticle application play an important role in determining the bioactivity of ion-doped silica nanoparticles.

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Kalidas, Gowtham, and Rithish Jayakumar Pranav. "Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and their Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40274.

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Abstract: Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in our day to day life. Different methods of biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles are being employed worldwide and many researches are still underway as a part of improvement strategy. Various microorganisms and abundant plant materials are used for this purpose. A chemical reducing agent is often replaced by the extracts of plants and microorganisms during the biosynthesis phenomena of nanoparticles which have proven to be novel approach in recent years. Biosynthesis of some important metallic nanoparticles and their applications is the main objective of the study. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Reducing agent, Plants, Microorganisms and Metallic Nanoparticles

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Quijia, Christian Rafael, Victor Hugo Araujo, and Marlus Chorilli. "Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications." Acta Pharmaceutica 71, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0015.

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Abstract Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly Piper nigrum Linn. and P. longum, among other species. The present article provides a comprehensive review of PIP research in the last years concerning its chemical properties, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviewed PIP literature has shown many pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic activity of PIP. However, its low solubility and absorption make its application challenging. This review also includes advances in the development of nanosystems containing PIP, including liposomes, micelles, metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-lipid nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss different in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the biological activity of this drug, as well as some methods for the synthesis of nanosystems and their physical characteristics.

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Matschegewski, Claudia, Anja Kowalski, Knut Müller, Henrik Teller, Niels Grabow, Swen Großmann, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, and Stefan Siewert. "Biocompatibility of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0144.

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AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles are highly promising for the usage in various biomedical applications including magnetic particle imaging (MPI), cancer hyperthermia treatment or as drug carriers. The present study aims at assessing in vitro biocompatibility of two commercially available magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle formulations: dextran-based magnetic nanoparticle synomag-D and bionized nanoferrite BNF-starch. Biological performance of both nanoparticle formulations were studied in human endothelial cells by analyzing cell viability and nanoparticle internalization in order to judge their suitability as theranostics.

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Simpson, Smith, Thurecht, and Such. "Engineered Polymeric Materials for Biological Applications: Overcoming Challenges of the Bio–Nano Interface." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091441.

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Nanomedicine has generated significant interest as an alternative to conventional cancertherapy due to the ability for nanoparticles to tune cargo release. However, while nanoparticletechnology has promised significant benefit, there are still limited examples of nanoparticles inclinical practice. The low translational success of nanoparticle research is due to the series ofbiological roadblocks that nanoparticles must migrate to be effective, including blood and plasmainteractions, clearance, extravasation, and tumor penetration, through to cellular targeting,internalization, and endosomal escape. It is important to consider these roadblocks holistically inorder to design more effective delivery systems. This perspective will discuss how nanoparticlescan be designed to migrate each of these biological challenges and thus improve nanoparticledelivery systems in the future. In this review, we have limited the literature discussed to studiesinvestigating the impact of polymer nanoparticle structure or composition on therapeutic deliveryand associated advancements. The focus of this review is to highlight the impact of nanoparticlecharacteristics on the interaction with different biological barriers. More specific studies/reviewshave been referenced where possible.

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Sutharappa Kaliyamoorthy, Thiyakarajan, Vijayakumar Subramaniyan, Sangeetha Renganathan, Vidhya Elavarasan, Jagatheesvaran Ravi, Praseetha Prabhakaran Kala, Prathipkumar Subramaniyan, and Sekar Vijayakumar. "Sustainable Environmental-Based ZnO Nanoparticles Derived from Pisonia grandis for Future Biological and Environmental Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142417009.

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The bio-synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Pisonia grandis is discussed in this work as an effective ecologically beneficial and straightforward method. This strategy intends to increase ZnO nanoparticle usage in the biomedical and environmental sectors, while reducing the particle of hazardous chemicals in nanoparticle synthesis. In the current study, bio-augmented zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO-NPs) were fabricated from Pisonia grandis aqueous leaf extracts. Different methods were used to analyze the ZnO-nanoparticles including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transforms Infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with EDX. The synthesized nanoparticles as spheres were verified by FE-SEM analysis; XRD measurements showed that the particle flakes had an average size of 30.32 nm and were very pure. FT-IR analysis was used to validate the functional moieties in charge of capping and stabilizing ZnO nanoparticles. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and photodegradation properties of synthesized nanoparticles were assessed using well diffusion, MTT, and UV visible irradiation techniques. The bio-fabricated nanoparticles were proven to be outstanding cytotoxic and antimicrobial nanomaterials. As a result of the employment of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalytic agents, 89.2% of the methylene blue dye was degraded in 140 min. ZnO nanoparticles produced from P. grandis can serve as promising substrates in biomedicine and applications of environmental relevance due to their eco-friendliness, nontoxic behavior, and cytocompatibility.

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Noori, Ammar M. "Preparation of Ag nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation in liquid for biological applications." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 15, no. 34 (January 8, 2019): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v15i34.132.

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Ag nanoparticles were prepared using Nd:YAG laser from Ag matel in distilled water using different energies laser (100 and 600) mJ using 200 pulses, and study the effect of the preparation conditions on the structural characteristics of and then study the effect of nanoparticles on the rate of killing the two types of bacteria particles (Staph and E.coli). The goal is to prepare the nanoparticle effectively used to kill bacteria.

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Goel, Muskan, Anurag Sharma, and Bechan Sharma. "Recent Advances in Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Their Biomedical Applications." Sustainable Chemistry 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem4010007.

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Owing to the unique property of large surface area/volume of nanoparticles, scientific developments have revolutionized the fields of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through physical, chemical, and biological routes, where biologically synthesized nanoparticles are also referred to as biogenic-synthesized nanoparticles or bionanoparticles. Bionanoparticles exploit the inherent reducing property of biological entities to develop cost-effective, non-toxic, time-efficient, sustainable, and stable nanosized particles. There is a wide array of biomedical focus on metallic nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, due to their distinctive physiochemical properties making them a suitable therapeutic molecule carrier. This article aims to provide a broad insight into the various classes of living organisms that can be exploited for the development of silver nanoparticles, and elaboratively review the interdisciplinary biomedical applications of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles in health and life sciences domains.

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Yusuf, Azeez, Awatif Rashed Z. Almotairy, Hanan Henidi, Ohoud Y. Alshehri, and Mohammed S. Aldughaim. "Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of the Implication of Nanoparticles’ Physicochemical Properties on Responses in Biological Systems." Polymers 15, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071596.

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In the last four decades, nanotechnology has gained momentum with no sign of slowing down. The application of inventions or products from nanotechnology has revolutionised all aspects of everyday life ranging from medical applications to its impact on the food industry. Nanoparticles have made it possible to significantly extend the shelf lives of food product, improve intracellular delivery of hydrophobic drugs and improve the efficacy of specific therapeutics such as anticancer agents. As a consequence, nanotechnology has not only impacted the global standard of living but has also impacted the global economy. In this review, the characteristics of nanoparticles that confers them with suitable and potentially toxic biological effects, as well as their applications in different biological fields and nanoparticle-based drugs and delivery systems in biomedicine including nano-based drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are discussed. The possible consequence of continuous exposure to nanoparticles due to the increased use of nanotechnology and possible solution is also highlighted.

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Karunakaran, Gopalu, Kattakgoundar Govindaraj Sudha, Saheb Ali, and Eun-Bum Cho. "Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Various Biological Sources and Its Biomedical Applications." Molecules 28, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 4527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114527.

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In the last few decades, the broad scope of nanomedicine has played an important role in the global healthcare industry. Biological acquisition methods to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) offer a low-cost, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly approach. This review shows recent data about several methods for procuring nanoparticles and an exhaustive elucidation of biological agents such as plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and yeast. When compared to the physical, chemical, and biological approaches for obtaining nanoparticles, the biological approach has significant advantages such as non-toxicity and environmental friendliness, which support their significant use in therapeutic applications. The bio-mediated, procured nanoparticles not only help researchers but also manipulate particles to provide health and safety. In addition, we examined the significant biomedical applications of nanoparticles, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and other medical applications. This review highlights the findings of current research on the bio-mediated acquisition of novel NPs and scrutinizes the various methods proposed to describe them. The bio-mediated synthesis of NPs from plant extracts has several advantages, including bioavailability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Researchers have sequenced the analysis of the biochemical mechanisms and enzyme reactions of bio-mediated acquisition as well as the determination of the bioactive compounds mediated by nanoparticle acquisition. This review is primarily concerned with collating research from researchers from a variety of disciplines that frequently provides new clarifications to serious problems.

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Bhardwaj, Kanchan, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Anirudh Sharma, Eugenie Nepovimova, Anu Kalia, Shabnam Thakur, Sonali Bhardwaj, et al. "Conifer-Derived Metallic Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biological Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 9028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239028.

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The use of metallic nanoparticles in engineering and biomedicine disciplines has gained considerable attention. Scientists are exploring new synthesis protocols of these substances considering their small size and lucrative antimicrobial potential. Among the most economical techniques of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles via chemical routes, which includes the use of chemicals as metal reducing agents, is considered to generate nanoparticles possessing toxicity and biological risk. This limitation of chemically synthesized nanoparticles has engendered the exploration for the ecofriendly synthesis process. Biological or green synthesis approaches have emerged as an effective solution to address the limitations of conventionally synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized via biological entities obtained from plant extracts exhibit superior effect in comparison to chemical methods. Recently, conifer extracts have been found to be effective in synthesizing metallic nanoparticles through a highly regulated process. The current review highlights the importance of conifers and its extracts in synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. It also discusses the different applications of the conifer extract mediated metallic nanoparticles.

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Zhang, Zheng-Yong, and Huan-Ming Xiong. "Photoluminescent ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Biological Applications." Materials 8, no. 6 (May 29, 2015): 3101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma8063101.

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Bauer, Laura Ann, Nira S. Birenbaum, and Gerald J. Meyer. "Biological applications of high aspect ratio nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry 14, no. 4 (2004): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b312655b.

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Bouzigues, Cedric, Thierry Gacoin, and Antigoni Alexandrou. "Biological Applications of Rare-Earth Based Nanoparticles." ACS Nano 5, no. 11 (October 18, 2011): 8488–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn202378b.

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Otsuka, Hidenori, Yukio Nagasaki, and Kazunori Kataoka. "PEGylated nanoparticles for biological and pharmaceutical applications." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 55, no. 3 (February 2003): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00226-0.

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Salunke, Bipinchandra K., Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi, Tuan Kiet Tran, and Beom Soo Kim. "Phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles for biological applications." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 34, no. 4 (February 24, 2017): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0036-y.

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Liu, Wen-Tso. "Nanoparticles and their biological and environmental applications." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 102, no. 1 (July 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1263/jbb.102.1.

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Otsuka, Hidenori, Yukio Nagasaki, and Kazunori Kataoka. "PEGylated nanoparticles for biological and pharmaceutical applications." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 64 (December 2012): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.022.

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Colombo, Miriam, Susana Carregal-Romero, Maria F. Casula, Lucia Gutierrez, Maria P. Morales, Ingrid B. Boehm, Johannes T. Heverhagen, Davide Prosperi, and Wolfgang J. Parak. "ChemInform Abstract: Biological Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles." ChemInform 43, no. 35 (August 2, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201235272.

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Sedlakova-Kadukova, J., O. Velgosova, M. Vosatka, J. Lukavsky, J. Dodd, J. Willner, and A. Fornalczyk. "Control over the Biological Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles by Selection of the Specific Algal Species." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0222.

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AbstractThe application of green synthesis in the nano-science and technology is of great importance in the area of the preparation of various materials. In this work, three selected algal species Parachlorella kessleri, Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and Desmodesmus quadricauda were successfully used for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Presence of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. AgNPs produced by P. kessleri had narrow size distribution and average sizes of 7.6 nm. However, nanoparticle production lasted for long time. Nanoparticle formation by D. chlorelloides was the fastest, although, their average sizes were 23.4 nm with broad size distribution. Nanoparticles produced by D. quadricauda had average sizes 23.9 nm but they were the least stable, aggregated and precipitated from solutions within 3 days. These results confirmed that the size distribution and mean diameter of the nanoparticles, crucial for various applications, can be controlled by the organism selection.

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Huynh, Kim-Hung, Xuan-Hung Pham, Jaehi Kim, Sang Hun Lee, Hyejin Chang, Won-Yeop Rho, and Bong-Hyun Jun. "Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145174.

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Metallic alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by combining two or more different metals. Bimetallic or trimetallic nanoparticles are considered more effective than monometallic nanoparticles because of their synergistic characteristics. In this review, we outline the structure, synthesis method, properties, and biological applications of metallic alloy nanoparticles based on their plasmonic, catalytic, and magnetic characteristics.

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Chandran, Anu, Varun Raghavan, Bhaskaran Chalil, Kamalasanan ., C. C. Velayudhan, Mirvaz Zulfiker, Midhun M., et al. "Nanoparticles: tech trends in healthcare." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220021.

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Nanotechnology is the use of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale for various purposes. Nanotechnology field of application is very much diverse which includes surface science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, energy storage, engineering, microfabrication, and molecular engineering. Its medical application ranges from biological devices, nano-electronic biosensors, and to future biological machines. The main issue nowadays for nanomedicine involve understanding the issues related to toxicity and environmental impact of nanoscale materials. Lot more functionalities can be added to nanomaterials by interfacing them with biological structures. The size of nanomaterials is similar most biological molecules and so useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications. The integration of nanomaterials with biology had paved path to the development of diagnostic devices, contrast agents, analytical tools, physical therapy applications and drug delivery vehicles.

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Raj, Shani, Rohini Trivedi, and Vineet Soni. "Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Characterization and Their Applications—A Review." Surfaces 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces5010003.

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With the growing awareness for the need of sustainable environment, the importance of synthesizing and the application of green nanoparticles has gained special focus. Among various metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gain significant attention. AgNPs are synthesized conventionally by physical and chemical methods using chemicals such as reducing agents, which are hazardous to environment due to their toxic properties, provoking a serious concern to create and develop environment friendly methods. Thus, biological alternatives are emerging to fill gaps, such as green syntheses that use biological molecules taken from plant sources in the form of extracts, which have shown to be superior to chemical and physical approaches. These biological molecules derived from plants are assembled in a highly regulated manner to make them suitable for metal nanoparticle synthesis. The current review outlines the wide plant diversity that may be used to prepare a rapid and single-step procedure with a green path over the traditional ones, as well as their antifungal activity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoparticles - Biological Applications'

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