Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoparticle treatment'
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Choudhary, Tripta, Vikas Beniwal, Pooja Nehra, and Deepak Singhwal. "Photocatalytic Treatment of MB Dye Using ZnO Nanoparticles." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 16213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.16213ecst.
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The present study revealed the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by wet chemical co-precipitation process and were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and photocatalysis for Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation. The crystallite size of the ZnO nanoparticles calculated from XRD using Debye Scherrer Formula is 36.27 nm. The size variation of the ZnO nanoparticles is due to the difference in annealing temperature and precursors. The FTIR spectra confirms the formation of ZnO nanoparticle. From UV-Vis spectra of ZnO nanoparticles, the absorption peak is at 380 nm and decreases with time which shows the dye degradation. MB dye degradation efficiency by ZnO nanoparticle is 91.78% in 21 minutes.
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GIUSTINI, ANDREW J., ALICIA A. PETRYK, SHIRAZ M. CASSIM, JENNIFER A. TATE, IAN BAKER, and P. JACK HOOPES. "MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE HYPERTHERMIA IN CANCER TREATMENT." Nano LIFE 01, no. 01n02 (March 2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984410000067.
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The activation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) by an alternating magnetic field (AMF) is currently being explored as technique for targeted therapeutic heating of tumors. Various types of superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic particles, with different coatings and targeting agents, allow for tumor site and type specificity. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is also being studied as an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review provides an introduction to some of the relevant biology and materials science involved in the technical development and current and future use of mNP hyperthermia as clinical cancer therapy.
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Pancholi, Rashmi. "Different Aspects of Nano-material and Biodegradable Polymers for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55083/irjeas.2022.v10i04006.
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Cancer, one of the most prevalent causes of death and disease, has a convoluted pathophysiology. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy are examples of traditional cancer treatments. However, lack of selectivity, restrictions such cytotoxicity, and Drug resistance is a significant barrier to successful cancer treatment. With the development of nanotechnology, the study of cancer treatment has undergone a revolution. For treatment of cancer Nanoparticles can be used because of their special advantages, less toxicity, more good stability, stronger permeability, and exact placement. There are several varieties of nanoparticles. The innovative nanoparticle based drug delivery system makes advantage of characteristics of the tumour and its surroundings. Nanoparticles overcomes the disadvantages of conventional treatment of cancer in addition to avoiding multiple drug resistance. As additional multidrug resistance mechanisms are found and examined, nanoparticle research is also being pursued actively. The therapy includes consequences of Nano formulation have provided fresh perspectives on cancer treatment. The biggest chunk of studies, however, is restricted to in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the number of authorized Nano drugs has not increased significantly over time. This study covers a wide range of nanoparticle kinds, targeting strategies, and authorized Nanotherapy includes use in the cancer treatment. We also provide a summary of the pros, disadvantages, and present state of clinical translation.
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Moyo, M., K. Kanny, and TP Mohan. "Effects of combined alkali treatment and clay nanoparticle infusion on thermo-mechanical response of kenaf/PLA biocomposites." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 40, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/satnt.2021cosaami.27.
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Fibre-reinforced biocomposites have inherently low thermo-mechanical properties and hence require some treatments or modifications during the fabrication process in order to enhance these properties. In this work, a combination of alkalization and nanoparticle infusion was used in enhancing thermo-mechanical properties of kenaf fibre-reinforced polylactic acid biocomposites. The biocomposites were made using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated kenaf nonwoven mats and polylactic acid infused with clay nanoparticles. Fabrication of the biocomposites was done using the prepreg method and curing at high temperature. Investigation of the thermo-mechanical properties were performed using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA). Results showed that a combination of alkalization and nanoparticle infusion improves the thermal stability of the biocomposites, loss modulus and damping. However, alkalization and nanoparticle infusion decreased the glass transition temperature of the biocomposites. The study shows that combined treatment of biocomposites with sodium hydroxide and clay nanoparticles significantly improves their performance properties. Therefore, this expands the application capabilities of natural fibre reinforced biocomposites. Best results were obtained by a combination of NaOH treatment and infusion with 5 wt% clay nanoparticles.
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CHA, HWA JIN, OK KYUNG PARK, YOUNG HWAN KIM, HYUN GIL CHA, and YOUNG SOO KANG. "TREATMENT OF TiO2 FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF PHOTO-CATALYTIC PROPERTY AND DISPERSION STABILITY." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 06 (December 2006): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06005170.
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To be used as absorber of UV-ray in cosmetic products, UV-ray absorption ability of TiO 2 has to be increased and particle size of TiO 2 has to be reduced up to nanosize. TiO 2 was coated with inorganic layer of silica to suppress photo-catalytic activity and to increase dispersibility. Silica-coated TiO 2 nanoparticle was prepared with commercial TiO 2 (Degussa P-25) and TEOS. TiO 2 was treated with 0.1 M HCl to prevent aggregation. The pH of TEOS was adjusted in the range of 7–8 by adding 0.1 M NH4OH. Silica-coated TiO 2 nanoparticle included the structures of core-shell by TEM images. The decrease of photocatalytic activity and UV shielding effect of silica-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles was confirmed with UV-vis spectra. Improved dispersion of silica-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles as compared with pure TiO 2 was verified with increased Zeta potential value. The dispersion of TiO 2 nanoparticle was also studied on the effect of oleate coating on TiO 2 nanoparticle surface.
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Jin, Guang-Zhen, Atanu Chakraborty, Jung-Hwan Lee, Jonathan C. Knowles, and Hae-Won Kim. "Targeting with nanoparticles for the therapeutic treatment of brain diseases." Journal of Tissue Engineering 11 (January 2020): 204173141989746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419897460.
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Brain diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and tumours are among the most serious health problems, degrading the quality of life and causing massive economic cost. Nanoparticles that load and deliver drugs and genes have been intensively studied for the treatment of brain diseases, and have demonstrated some biological effects in various animal models. Among other efforts taken in the nanoparticle development, targeting of blood brain barrier, specific cell type or local intra-/extra-cellular space is an important strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticle delivery systems. This review underlies the targeting issue in the nanoparticle development for the treatment of brain diseases, taking key exemplar studies carried out in various in vivo models.
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Pedraza, A. J., J. D. Fowlkes, D. A. Blom, and H. M. Meyer. "Laser-induced nanoparticle ordering." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 11 (November 2002): 2815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0409.
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Nanoparticles were produced on the surface of silicon upon pulsed-laser irradiation in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere at fluences close to the melting threshold. It was observed that nanoparticle formation required redeposition of ablated material. Redeposition took place in the form of a thin film intermixed with extremely small nanoparticles possibly formed in the gas phase. Through the use of nonpolarized laser light, it was shown that nanoparticles, fairly uniform in size, became grouped into curvilinear strings distributed with a short-range ordering. Microstructuring of part of the surface prior to the laser treatment had the remarkable effect of producing nanoparticles lying along straight and fairly long (approximately 1 mm) lines, whose spacing equaled the laser wavelength for normal beam incidence. In this work, it is shown that the use of polarized light eliminated the need of an aiding agent: nanoparticle alignment ensued under similar laser treatment conditions. The phenomenon of nanoparticle alignment bears a striking similarity with the phenomenon of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), obeying the same dependence of line spacing upon light wavelength and beam angle of incidence as the grating spacing in LIPSS. The new results strongly support the proposition that the two phenomena, LIPSS and laser-induced nanoparticle alignment, evolve as a result of the same light interference mechanism.
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Enas Hatem Kareem, Tamara Natik Dawood, and Firas Rashad Al-Samarai. "Application of Nanoparticle in the Veterinary Medicine." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2022.4.1.0082.
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Nanotechnology is a modern and developed technology, which have great importance in many fields of medicine (diagnosis and treatment). Also, it used to prevent and solve many problems related to animal production and health. The Nanosystems are including metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric Nanospheres, polymeric micelles, carbon nanotubes, functionalized fullerenes, polymer-coated Nanocrystals, dendrimers and Nanoshells. Our review showed a details classification of nanoparticles and their uses. Nanoparticles have several features depended on the size, colossal surface. The development of antibiotics nanoparticle is very important and has an excellent impact in treating bacterial infections wherever the antibiotics nanoparticle gives high therapeutic effect without negative side effects. Our review showed some aspects of the nanoparticles' classification and their uses in general form and veterinary medicine, focusing the light on nanoparticle applications in the nutrient, Biocides, meat and egg quality, milk, animal treatment diseases, and reproduction the animals.
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Michelakaki, Irini, Nikos Boukos, Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis, Spyros Stathopoulos, Costas A. Charitidis, and Dimitris Tsoukalas. "Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (June 27, 2018): 1868–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.179.
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In this work we study the fabrication and characterization of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle thin films. Hafnium nanoparticles were grown in vacuum by magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation. The as deposited nanoparticles have a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure, they possess truncated hexagonal biprism shape and are prone to surface oxidation when exposed to ambient air forming core–shell Hf/HfO2 structures. Hafnium nanoparticle thin films were formed through energetic nanoparticle deposition. This technique allows for the control of the energy of charged nanoparticles during vacuum deposition. The structural and nanomechanical properties of the nanoparticle thin films were investigated as a function of the kinetic energy of the nanoparticles. The results reveal that by proper adjustment of the nanoparticle energy, hexagonal close-packed porous nanoparticle thin films with good mechanical properties can be formed, without any additional treatment. It is shown that these films can be patterned on the substrate in sub-micrometer dimensions using conventional lithography while their porosity can be well controlled. The fabrication and experimental characterization of hafnium nanoparticles is reported for the first time in the literature.
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Osaci, Mihaela, and Matteo Cacciola. "Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (August 12, 2020): 1207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.105.
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Colloidal systems consisting of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications, such as the hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this type of colloid, called a nanofluid, the nanoparticles tend to agglomeration. It has been shown experimentally that the nanoparticle coating plays an important role in the nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility. However, theoretical studies in this field are lacking. In addition, the ways in which the nanoparticle coating influences the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are not yet understood. In order to fill in this gap, this study presents a numerical simulation model that elucidates how the nanoparticle coating affects the nanoparticle agglomeration tendency as well as the effective magnetic relaxation time of the system. To simulate the self-organization of the colloidal nanoparticles, a stochastic Langevin dynamics method was applied based on the effective Verlet-type algorithm. The Néel magnetic relaxation time was obtained via the Coffey method in an oblique magnetic field, adapted to the local magnetic field on a nanoparticle.
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Li, Shidong, Yeap Hung Ng, Hon Chung Lau, Ole Torsæter, and Ludger P. Stubbs. "Experimental Investigation of Stability of Silica Nanoparticles at Reservoir Conditions for Enhanced Oil-Recovery Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081522.
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To be effective enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) agents, nanoparticles must be stable and be transported through a reservoir. However, the stability of a nanoparticle suspension at reservoir salinity and temperature is still a challenge and how it is affected by reservoir rocks and crude oils is not well understood. In this work, for the first time, the effect of several nanoparticle treatment approaches on the stability of silica nanoparticles at reservoir conditions (in the presence of reservoir rock and crude oil) was investigated for EOR applications. The stability of nanoparticle suspensions was screened in test tubes at 70 °C and 3.8 wt. % NaCl in the presence of reservoir rock and crude oil. Fumed silica nanoparticles in suspension with hydrochloric acid (HCl), polymer-modified fumed nanoparticles and amide-functionalized silica colloidal nanoparticles were studied. The size and pH of nanoparticle suspension in contact with rock samples were measured to determine the mechanism for stabilization or destabilization of nanoparticles. A turbidity scanner was used to quantify the stability of the nanoparticle suspension. Results showed that both HCl and polymer surface modification can improve nanoparticle stability under synthetic seawater salinity and 70 °C. Suspensions of polymer-modified nanoparticles were stable for months. It was found that pH is a key parameter influencing nanoparticle stability. Rock samples containing carbonate minerals destabilized unmodified nanoparticles. Crude oil had limited effect on nanoparticle stability. Some components of crude oil migrated into the aqueous phase consisting of amide-functionalized silica colloidal nanoparticles suspension. Nanoparticles modification or/and stabilizer are necessary for nanoparticle EOR application.
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Khatri, S., J. Hansen, N. Pedersen, S. Gram-Nielsen, A. Mendes, I. Chronakis, U. Keiding, et al. "POS0423 CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE APTAMER TREATMENT ATTENUATES COLLAGEN INDUCED ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 466.1–466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2267.
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BackgroundAnti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) appear 10–15 years before the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are associated with a more severe disease course. In previous work, we rationally designed and screened ACPA-binding peptide aptamer sequences in silico and constructed a nanoparticle with chitosan and hyaluronic acid(1). A developmental stage version of this nanoparticle was able to reduce disease activity in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the serum transfer arthritis mouse models (2).ObjectivesHere, we investigated the effect and potential toxicity of three different versions of the aptamer nanoparticle (loading of 20%, 10% and 5% aptamer, respectively) in the CIA rat model.MethodsWistar rats (males and females) were given a single intravenous dose (100 mg/kilo) of type II collagen in PBS in the tail vein. The dosing was repeated three times with one day interval, followed by blood sample collection at day 7 after the initial collagen injection. To evaluate route of administration and dosing, we injected a single intravenous and subcutaneous dose (2.5 mg/kg) of aptamer-nanoparticles (A/N ratio 20%) in PBS in the tail vein/abdomen, and plasma concentration−time profiles were followed for 2 days after dosing with weekly blood sampling. To evaluate organ uptake, rats were given a single intravenous and subcutaneous dose (2.5 mg/kg) of aptamer-nanoparticles (A/N ratio 20%) in PBS in the tail vein/abdomen. The procedure was repeated after 24 hours. Blood and urine samples were taken once a week. A group of 10 animals was sacrificed every week over a three-week period, and the organs were processed. To examine efficacy, rats were given a single subcutaneous dose (2.5 mg/kilo) of aptamer-nanoparticles and nanoparticle controls without aptamer or PBS alone in the abdomen. The procedure was repeated once a week over a course of three weeks. Weight, joint measurement, blood, and urine samples were taken once a week. Paw swelling was measured on a weekly basis. In the plasma samples we measured CPEP2 and anti-collagen II by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsUsing a rather high dose of collagen (100 mg/kilo) via an intravenous administration route, ACPA was measurable in all CIA rats with rapid development of RA in 82% of the included animals. Intravenous administration resulted in an immediate high plasma concentration post injection, which decreased rapidly to low levels. The s.c. administration route gave a steady, long-term aptamer release with a maximum availability 8 hours post-injection. After three aptamer-nanoparticle doses (2.5 mg/kg; either 20%, 10% or 5% aptamer), we observed a dose-dependent reduction in swollen joint count for the aptamer-nanoparticle treated groups (10 rats in each group) compared with the healthy control group (10 rats) (P-value = 2,1E-6). We observed decreased ACPA IgG levels in the rats treated with aptamer-nanoparticle. The decrease in ACPA levels correlated with the aptamer-nanoparticle having higher loading. Anti-collagen II IgG levels slightly increased towards the end of the study.ConclusionWe developed and tested a novel peptide aptamer-based drug candidate for seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in CIA rats. Over a 3-week course of treatment with subcutaneous administration of aptamer-nanoparticles, joint swelling was decreased during treatment, and completely reversed at the end of the observation period. The reduction of joint swelling was associated with decreased levels of ACPA in the blood.References[1]Khatri S, Hansen J, Mendes AC, et al. Citrullinated Peptide Epitope Targets Therapeutic Nanoparticles to Human Neutrophils. Bioconjug Chem. 2019;30(10):2584-2593. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00518[2]Khatri S, Hansen J, Clausen MH, et al. LB0002 A FIRST IN CLASS THERAPEUTIC NANOPARTICLE FOR SPECIFIC TARGETING OF ANTI-CITRULLINATED PROTEIN ANTIBODY AMELIORATES SERUM TRANSFER AND COLLAGEN INDUCED ARTHRITIS. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2020;79:212.Disclosure of InterestsSangita Khatri: None declared, Jonas Hansen: None declared, Nadia Pedersen: None declared, Sanne Gram-Nielsen: None declared, Ana Mendes: None declared, Ioannis Chronakis: None declared, Ulrik Keiding: None declared, Bence Réthi: None declared, Mads Hartvig Clausen Shareholder of: affiliated with IBIO TECH ApS, Tue Wenzel Kragstrup Shareholder of: affiliated with IBIO TECH ApS, Speakers bureau: TWK received speaking fees from Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Novartis, UCB, and Abbvie., Consultant of: Consultancy fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead, Grant/research support from: Received research grant from Gilead, Kira Astakhova Shareholder of: KA is affiliated with iBio tech.
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Levit, Shani L., and Christina Tang. "Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery of Combination Therapy with Synergistic Effects in Ovarian Cancer." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11041048.
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Treatment of ovarian cancer is challenging due to late stage diagnosis, acquired drug resistance mechanisms, and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Combination chemotherapy has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy by activation of multiple downstream pathways to overcome drug resistance and reducing required dosages. Sequence of delivery and the dosing schedule can further enhance treatment efficacy. Formulation of drug combinations into nanoparticles can further enhance treatment efficacy. Due to their versatility, polymer-based nanoparticles are an especially promising tool for clinical translation of combination therapies with tunable dosing schedules. We review polymer nanoparticle (e.g., micelles, dendrimers, and lipid nanoparticles) carriers of drug combinations formulated to treat ovarian cancer. In particular, the focus on this review is combinations of platinum and taxane agents (commonly used first line treatments for ovarian cancer) combined with other small molecule therapeutic agents. In vitro and in vivo drug potency are discussed with a focus on quantifiable synergistic effects. The effect of drug sequence and dosing schedule is examined. Computational approaches as a tool to predict synergistic drug combinations and dosing schedules as a tool for future nanoparticle design are also briefly discussed.
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Surendran, Suchithra Poilil, Myeong Ju Moon, Rayoung Park, and Yong Yeon Jeong. "Bioactive Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123877.
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Currently, immunotherapy is considered to be one of the effective treatment modalities for cancer. All the developments and discoveries in this field up to the recent Nobel Prize add to the interest for research into this vast area of study. Targeting tumor environment as well as the immune system is a suitable strategy to be applied for cancer treatment. Usage of nanoparticle systems for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents to the body being widely studied and found to be a promising area of research to be considered and investigated further. Nanoparticles for immunotherapy would be one of the effective treatment options for cancer therapy in the future due to their high specificity, efficacy, ability to diagnose, imaging, and therapeutic effect. Among the many nanoparticle systems, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles, iron oxide, dendrimers, and artificial exosomes are widely used for immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, the combination therapy found to be the more effective way of treating the tumor. Here, we review the current trends in nanoparticle therapy and efficiency of these nanosystems in delivering antigens, adjuvants, therapeutic drugs, and other immunotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the currently available bioactive nanoparticle systems for cancer immunotherapy.
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Mpongwana, Ncumisa, and Sudesh Rathilal. "A Review of the Techno-Economic Feasibility of Nanoparticle Application for Wastewater Treatment." Water 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101550.
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The increase in heavy metal contamination has led to an increase in studies investigating alternative sustainable ways to treat heavy metals. Nanotechnology has been shown to be an environmentally friendly technology for treating heavy metals and other contaminants from contaminated water. However, this technology is not widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to high operational costs. The increasing interest in reducing costs by applying nanotechnology in wastewater treatment has resulted in an increase in studies investigating sustainable ways of producing nanoparticles. Certain researchers have suggested that sustainable and cheap raw materials must be used for the production of cheaper nanoparticles. This has led to an increase in studies investigating the production of nanoparticles from plant materials. Additionally, production of nanoparticles through biological methods has also been recognized as a promising, cost-effective method of producing nanoparticles. Some studies have shown that the recycling of nanoparticles can potentially reduce the costs of using freshly produced nanoparticles. This review evaluates the economic impact of these new developments on nanotechnology in wastewater treatment. An in-depth market assessment of nanoparticle application and the economic feasibility of nanoparticle applications in WWTPs is presented. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of using nanoparticles for heavy metal removal are also discussed.
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Galkin, Mikhail. "Application of cellular and artificial membranes in nanomedicine." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, no. 4 (2020): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.407.
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The use of nanoparticles in treatment and diagnostics of a number of disorders is becoming more and more popular. Further investigations are needed for improving the specificity of nanoparticle action, precisely targeted drug delivery, decreasing opsonization of nanoparticles by macrophages. Numerous ways of nanoparticle surface modification have been successfully tested for increasing their therapeutic potential and reducing possible side effects. Nanoparticle encapsulation using plasma membranes of red blood cells as well as other cell types has been recently introduced. This field of translational medicine substantially expands opportunities for nanoparticle application in clinical diagnostics and therapy of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, in vaccine development etc. This review focuses on ways, advantages and disadvantages of using cellular membranes in nanomedicine. Application of artificial lipid membranes in nanoparticles encapsulation is proposed.
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FENG, S. S. "NANOMEDICINE: NANOPARTICLES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FOR CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT." COSMOS 04, no. 02 (November 2008): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607708000378.
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Nanomedicine is to apply and further develop nanotechnology to solve problems in medicine, i.e. to diagnose, treat and prevent diseases at the cellular and molecular level. This article demonstrates through a full spectrum of proof-of-concept research, from nanoparticle preparation and characterization, in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity, to in vivo pharmacokinetics and xenograft model, how nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers could provide an ideal solution for the problems encountered in the current regimen of chemotherapy. A system of vitamin E TPGS coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles is used as an example for paclitaxel formulation as a model drug. In vitro HT-29 cancer cell viability experiment demonstrated that the paclitaxel formulated in the nanoparticles could be 5.64 times more effective than Taxol® after 24 hr of treatment. In vivo pharmacokinetics showed that the drug formulated in the nanoparticles could achieve 3.9 times higher therapeutic effects judged by area-under-the curve (AUC). One shot can realize sustainable chemotherapy of 168 hr compared with 22 hr for Taxol® at a single 10 mg/kg dose. Xenograft tumor model further confirmed the advantages of the nanoparticle formulation versus Taxol®.
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Zaidan, Sarah, Deni Rahmat, Ratna Djamil, and Nadya Vresya Saputri. "Activity Of Ethanol Extracts 70%, Extract Nanoparticles And Nanoparticles Tablet Of Okra Fruit Extract(Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench.) As Anti-Dislipidemia In Rats Feeded On High Fat Diet." JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v19i2.1097.
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Dyslipidemia is a condition caused by disruption of lipid metabolism due to the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. There is strong evidence of an association between LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular events based on clinical outcome studies, so LDL cholesterol is the main target in the management of dyslipidemia. In addition to using synthetic drugs, dyslipidemia can be treated by consuming natural ingredients, one of which is okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench). The form of nanoparticles and nanoparticle tablets of okra fruit extract is an effort to increase antidyslipidemic activity and to make it easier to use. This study aims to obtain nanoparticle extracts and nanoparticle tablets of okra fruit extract which have antidyslipidemic activity in vivo against mice given the High Fat Diet (HFD). The research used 24 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, namely group I as normal control, group II as positive control using simvastatin as the control control, group III as a negative control, group IV as a control treatment of ethanol extract 70% okra fruit, group V as a control treatment of okra fruit extract nanoparticles, and group VI as a treatment of okra fruit extract nanoparticles tablets. All test substances are given for 14 days. Blood sampling was carried out on days 0, 14, and 28, with the parameters measured were lipid profiles including total cholesterol (KT), LDL, Triglycerides (TG) and HDL. 70% ethanol extract, extract nanoparticles, and okra fruit extract nanoparticle tablets can decrease KT levels by 33.14%, 46.31%, 45.42%, decrease TG levels by 39.46%, 43.56%, 41, 62%, decrease LDL levels by 45.22%, 68.76%, 59.94%, and can increase HDL levels by 103.80%, 119.20%, 114.39%. Based on the lipid profile of mice given HFD, 70% ethanol extract, nanoparticles, and okra fruit extract nanoparticle tablets had antidyslipidemic activity.
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Huynh, Ngoc Han, and James C. L. Chow. "DNA Dosimetry with Gold Nanoparticle Irradiated by Proton Beams: A Monte Carlo Study on Dose Enhancement." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 10856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210856.
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Heavy atom nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, are proven effective radiosensitizers in radiotherapy to enhance the dose delivery for cancer treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of cancer cell killing, involving gold nanoparticle in proton radiation, by changing the nanoparticle size, proton beam energy, and distance between the nanoparticle and DNA. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation (Geant4-DNA code) was used to determine the dose enhancement in terms of dose enhancement ratio (DER), when a gold nanoparticle is present with the DNA. With varying nanoparticle size (radius = 15–50 nm), distance between the gold nanoparticle and DNA (30–130 nm), as well as proton beam energy (0.5–25 MeV) based on the simulation model, our results showed that the DER value increases with a decrease of distance between the gold nanoparticle and DNA and a decrease of proton beam energy. The maximum DER (1.83) is achieved with a 25 nm-radius gold nanoparticle, irradiated by a 0.5 MeV proton beam and 30 nm away from the DNA.
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Card, Jeffrey W., and Bernadene A. Magnuson. "A review of the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle-based oral insulin delivery systems." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 301, no. 6 (December 2011): G956—G967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2011.
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Nanotechnology is providing new and innovative means to detect, diagnose, and treat disease. In this regard, numerous nanoparticle-based approaches have been taken in an effort to develop an effective oral insulin therapy for the treatment of diabetes. This review summarizes efficacy data from studies that have evaluated oral insulin therapies in experimental models. Also provided here is an overview of the limited safety data that have been reported in these studies. To date, the most promising approaches for nanoparticle-based oral insulin therapy appear to involve the incorporation of insulin into complex multilayered nanoparticles that are mucoadhesive, biodegradable, biocompatible, and acid protected and into nanoparticles that are designed to take advantage of the vitamin B12 uptake pathway. It is anticipated that the continued investigation and optimization of nanoparticle-based formulations for oral delivery of insulin will lead to a much sought-after noninvasive treatment for diabetes. Such investigations also may provide insight into the use of nanoparticle-based formulations for peptide- and protein-based oral treatment of other diseases and for various food-related purposes.
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Oni, Y., J. D. Obayemi, K. Kao, S. Dozie-Nwachukwu, S. Odusanya, Nicolas Anuku, and W. O. Soboyejo. "The Role of Adhesion in Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Detection and Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 1132 (December 2015): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1132.72.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of adhesion between gold nanoparticles and surfaces that are relevant to the potential applications in cancer detection and treatment. Adhesion is measured using a dip coating/atomic force microscopy (DC/AFM) technique. The adhesion forces are obtained for dip-coated gold nanoparticles that interact with peptide or antibody-based molecular recognition units (MRUs) that attach specifically to breast cancer cells. They include MRUs that attach specifically to receptors on breast cancer cells. Adhesion forces between anti-cancer drugs such as paclitaxel, and the constituents of MRU-conjugated Au nanoparticle clusters, are measured using force microscopy techniques. The implications of the results are then discussed for the design of robust gold nanoparticle clusters and for potential applications in localized drug delivery and hyperthermia.
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Jain, Ashu, Bhani Kongkham, Hariprasad Puttaswamy, Bhupendra Singh Butola, Hitendra Kumar Malik, and Anushree Malik. "Development of Wash-Durable Antimicrobial Cotton Fabrics by In Situ Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Bacteria." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070864.
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An environment friendly and wash-durable silver nanoparticle treatment of cotton fabrics was carried out by in situ reduction of silver nitrate using Azadirachta indica leaf extract. The wash durability of the silver nanoparticles treatment on the cotton fabric was improved by pretreating the fabrics by mercerization and by adopting hydrothermal conditions of 120 °C temperature and 15 psi pressure for the in situ synthesis. The silver nanoparticle treated fabrics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, colorimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The coating of silver nanoparticles was seen to be dense and uniform in the scanning electron micrographs of the treated fabrics. An evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of the silver nanoparticle treated fabric against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains was carried out. The antibacterial efficacy was found to be the highest against Bacillus licheniformis, showing 93.3% inhibition, whereas it was moderate against Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%) and Escherichia coli (10%). The transmittance data of a UV spectrophotometer (290–400nm) was used for measuring the UV protection factor of the silver nanoparticle treated fabrics. All the silver nanoparticle treated fabrics showed good antimicrobial and UV protection activity. The treatment was also seen to be durable against repeated laundering. This paper contributes the first report on a novel green synthesis approach integrating mercerization of cotton fabrics and in situ synthesis of nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions using Azadirachta indica leaf extract for improved wash durability of the multifunctional fabric.
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Matschegewski, Claudia, Anja Kowalski, Knut Müller, Henrik Teller, Niels Grabow, Swen Großmann, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, and Stefan Siewert. "Biocompatibility of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0144.
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AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles are highly promising for the usage in various biomedical applications including magnetic particle imaging (MPI), cancer hyperthermia treatment or as drug carriers. The present study aims at assessing in vitro biocompatibility of two commercially available magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle formulations: dextran-based magnetic nanoparticle synomag-D and bionized nanoferrite BNF-starch. Biological performance of both nanoparticle formulations were studied in human endothelial cells by analyzing cell viability and nanoparticle internalization in order to judge their suitability as theranostics.
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Fahdiran, Riser, Iwan Sugihartono, Mutia Delina, Teguh Budi Prayitno, Sunaryo, and Hadi Nasbey. "Structure evolution due to heat treatment of aluminum nanoparticle with different sizes: a molecular dynamics study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2193, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012026.
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Abstract In this study, we performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the significance of diameter during heat treatment of Aluminum nanoparticle. Structure information along with thermodynamics evolution is analyzed to explain the significance. Different sizes of nanoparticle diameter, i.e., 5 nm, 10 nm, and 15 nm, were investigated with same heating rate. The results show that smallest diameter is suffered for total melting, while for larger nanoparticle small fractions remains. Thermodynamics information indicated the relation that smaller diameter will experience faster pressure oscillations period. While for larger system, the period is longer, but the pressure value become stronger. Structure analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles are melted at the end of the simulation.
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Thomas*, Anitha, M. Shailaja Raj, and Jagirdar Venkataramana. "TiO2: ZnO nanocomposites in treatment of dental plaques." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 4977. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.0012.
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Dental caries is a major concern effecting most of the individuals today. Statistics show that 69% of adults aged 35 to 44 years have lost permanent tooth due to accident, gum disease failed root canal or tooth decay. Dental plaque is a general term for the diverse microbial community found on tooth surface, embedded in matrix of polymers of bacteria. Nanoparticles considered being of a size not greater than 100 nm have unique properties to combat infection. Nanocomposite is a matrix to which nanoparticles have been added to improve a particular property of the material. The present study deals with the antimicrobial studies of nanocomposite preparations of Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide. Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide nanocomposites are found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The present work is to prepare different proportions of nanocomposites of these oxides and find out if the effectivity is more when compared to using the nanoparticle alone. Some nanocomposite materials have been shown to be 1000 times tougher than the bulk component materials. The study carried out shows that the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites is more effective than the nanoparticle alone providing best alternative to dental implant surgery.
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Drozdov, Andrey S., Petr I. Nikitin, and Julian M. Rozenberg. "Systematic Review of Cancer Targeting by Nanoparticles Revealed a Global Association between Accumulation in Tumors and Spleen." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 13011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313011.
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Active targeting of nanoparticles toward tumors is one of the most rapidly developing topics in nanomedicine. Typically, this strategy involves the addition of cancer-targeting biomolecules to nanoparticles, and studies on this topic have mainly focused on the localization of such formulations in tumors. Here, the analysis of the factors determining efficient nanoparticle targeting and therapy, various parameters such as types of targeting molecules, nanoparticle type, size, zeta potential, dose, and the circulation time are given. In addition, the important aspects such as how active targeting of nanoparticles alters biodistribution and how non-specific organ uptake influences tumor accumulation of the targeted nanoformulations are discussed. The analysis reveals that an increase in tumor accumulation of targeted nanoparticles is accompanied by a decrease in their uptake by the spleen. There is no association between targeting-induced changes of nanoparticle concentrations in tumors and other organs. The correlation between uptake in tumors and depletion in the spleen is significant for mice with intact immune systems in contrast to nude mice. Noticeably, modulation of splenic and tumor accumulation depends on the targeting molecules and nanoparticle type. The median survival increases with the targeting-induced nanoparticle accumulation in tumors; moreover, combinatorial targeting of nanoparticle drugs demonstrates higher treatment efficiencies. Results of the comprehensive analysis show optimal strategies to enhance the efficiency of actively targeted nanoparticle-based medicines.
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Zhang, Lu Jun, and Ming Yan Jiang. "Convection-Enhanced Intratumoral Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Modeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1665.
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Convection-enhanced intratumoral drug delivery has received increased attention for solid cancer therapy. With CED delivery, the advantages of the use of lipid nanoparticles carrier have been shown in many experimental cancer therapy studies. Thus, the measurement of efficiency of intratumoral nanoparticles CED becomes more and more important. Herein, an improved mathematical modeling method using modified Navier-Stokes equations to simulate nanoparticle CED delivery has been formulated. We separately modeled the delivery procedure of fluid medium (generally water) and nanoparticles. Based on mass conservation equation and Navier-Stokes equations, we constructed the model of the water medium flowing in porous tumor tissue, and then used the convection equations to describe the nanoparticle delivery procedure. Using our intratumoral nanoparticle CED model, we analyzed the effects of the links between the nanoparticle drug delivery distribution and some dominating factors. This work is helpful for predicting the drug distribution in tumor and opens up new opportunities for using computer science to help clinical tumor treatment plan.
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Ma, Hongyun, Weiqian Jiang, Jianxun Ding, Mingqiang Li, Yilong Cheng, Shuo Sun, Changfeng Fu, and Yi Liu. "Polymer Nanoparticle-Based Chemotherapy for Spinal Malignancies." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4754190.
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Malignant spinal tumors, categorized into primary and metastatic ones, are one of the most serious diseases due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Common primary spinal tumors include chordoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and multiple myeloma. Spinal malignancies are not only locally invasive and destructive to adjacent structures, such as bone, neural, and vascular structures, but also disruptive to distant organs (e.g., lung). Current treatments for spinal malignancies, including wide resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have made significant progress like improving patients’ quality of life. Among them, chemotherapy plays an important role, but its potential for clinical application is limited by severe side effects and drug resistance. To ameliorate the current situation, various polymer nanoparticles have been developed as promising excipients to facilitate the effective treatment of spinal malignancies by utilizing their potent advantages, for example, targeting, stimuli response, and synergetic effect. This review overviews the development of polymer nanoparticles for antineoplastic delivery in the treatment of spinal malignancies and discusses future prospects of polymer nanoparticle-based treatment methods.
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Ji, Zemin, Qun Zhang, Yang Gao, Jing Wang, Chang He, Lu Han, and Wenjing Zhao. "Experimental Study on Conformance Control Using Acidic Nanoparticles in a Heterogeneous Reservoir by Flue Gas Flooding." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010315.
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Flue gas flooding has been applied in many oilfields for its accessibility and low cost. However, the problem of gas channeling during flue gas flooding is significantly more serious due to reservoir heterogeneity and gravity override, and the traditional profile control agent is inapplicable because of flue gas acidity. In order to solve this challenge, a novel acidic nanoparticle was presented first; then, the profile control performance of both water slugs and this novel nanoparticle for flue gas flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs was studied using core samples with different rhythms. The results show that the stability of the acidic nanoparticles is good, and the viscosity of the nanoparticle solution increases as the pH decreases, which is suitable for acidic flue gas flooding. The oil recovery of flue gas flooding in a positive rhythm core is 5–10% greater than that in a reverse rhythm core. The water slug can improve oil recovery by 5% in the reverse rhythm core, and oil recovery was less than 2% in the positive rhythm core. The effect of a nanoparticle slug is much better than the water slug. It improved the oil recovery by 10% in the positive rhythm core by continuing flue gas flooding after nanoparticle slug treatment, which was more than the 20% in the reverse rhythm core. The ultimate oil recovery of both positive and reverse-rhythm cores by acidic nanoparticle slug treatment was around 50%, which was 10% greater than the water slug treatment. The conformance control using acidic nanoparticles is more suitable for reverse rhythm formation due to its plugging capacity, deformation characteristic, and viscosity increment in an acidic environment. This research demonstrated that these novel acidic nanoparticles could be effectively applied to conformance control during flue gas flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs.
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Peters, K., R. E. Unger, A. M. Gatti, E. Sabbioni, R. Tsaryk, and C. J. Kirkpatrick. "Metallic Nanoparticles Exhibit Paradoxical Effects on Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells in Vitro." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 20, no. 4 (October 2007): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200702000404.
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Particulate matter is associated with different human diseases affecting organs such as the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Very small particles (nanoparticles) have been shown to be rapidly internalized into the body. Since the sites of internalization and the location of the detected particles are often far apart, a distribution via the blood stream must have occurred. Thus, endothelial cells, which line the inner surface of blood vessels, must have had direct contact with the particles. In this study we tested the effects of metallic nanoparticles (Co and Ni) on oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in human endothelial cells in vitro. Exposure to both nanoparticle types led to a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. However, the effects on oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response differed dramatically. Due to the nanoparticle-induced effects, a comparison between metallic nanoparticle- and metal ion-treatment with the corresponding ions was made. Again, divergent effects of nanoparticles compared with the ions were observed, thus indicating differences in the signaling pathways induced by these compounds. These paradoxical responses to different metallic nanoparticles and ions demonstrate the complexity of nanoparticle-induced effects and suggest the need to design new strategies for nanoparticle toxicology.
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Yun, Wan Su, Ji-Ho Park, Dong-Kwon Lim, Cheol-Hee Ahn, In-Cheol Sun, and Kwangmeyung Kim. "How Did Conventional Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Therapy Become “Hot” in Combination with Cancer Immunotherapy?" Cancers 14, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082044.
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One of the promising cancer treatment methods is photothermal therapy (PTT), which has achieved good therapeutic efficiency through nanoparticle-based photoabsorbers. Because of the various functions of nanoparticles, such as targeting properties, high light-to-heat conversion, and photostability, nanoparticle-mediated PTT successfully induces photothermal damage in tumor tissues with minimal side effects on surrounding healthy tissues. The therapeutic efficacy of PTT originates from cell membrane disruption, protein denaturation, and DNA damage by light-induced heat, but these biological impacts only influence localized tumor areas. This conventional nanoparticle-mediated PTT still attracts attention as a novel cancer immunotherapy, because PTT causes immune responses against cancer. PTT-induced immunogenic cell death activates immune cells for systemic anti-cancer effect. Additionally, the excellent compatibility of PTT with other treatment methods (e.g., chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy) reinforces the therapeutic efficacy of PTT as combined immunotherapy. In this review, we investigate various PTT agents of nanoparticles and compare their applications to reveal how nanoparticle-mediated PTT undergoes a transition from thermotherapy to immunotherapy.
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Cardenas, Henry E., and Huayuan Zhong. "Electrokinetic Nanoparticle Treatment Success Factors." Materials Sciences and Applications 11, no. 11 (2020): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2020.1111052.
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Buabeid, Manal Ali, El-Shaimaa A. Arafa, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Emerging Prospects for Nanoparticle-Enabled Cancer Immunotherapy." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (January 3, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9624532.
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One of the standards for cancer treatment is cancer immunotherapy which treats both primary and metastasized tumors. Although cancer immunotherapeutics show better outcomes as compared with conventional approaches of cancer treatment, the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics have limited application in delivering cancer antigens to immune cells. Conversely, in solid tumors, tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune system leading to the evasion of anticancer immunity. Some promising attempts have been made to overcome these drawbacks by using different approaches, for instance, the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles. Accordingly, various studies involving the application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy have been discussed in this review article. This review not only describes the modes of cancer immunotherapy to reveal the importance of nanoparticles in this modality but also narrates nanoparticle-mediated delivery of cancer antigens and therapeutic supplements. Moreover, the impact of nanoparticles on the immunosuppressive behavior of tumor environment has been discussed. The last part of this review deals with cancer immunotherapy using a combination of traditional interventional oncology approach and image-guided local immunotherapy against cancer. According to recent studies, cancer therapy can potentially be improved through nanoparticle-based immunotherapy. In addition, drawbacks associated with the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics can be fixed by using nanoparticles.
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Bozzer, Sara, Michele Dal Bo, Maria Cristina Grimaldi, Giuseppe Toffoli, and Paolo Macor. "Nanocarriers as a Delivery Platform for Anticancer Treatment: Biological Limits and Perspectives in B-Cell Malignancies." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091965.
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Nanoparticle-based therapies have been proposed in oncology research using various delivery methods to increase selectivity toward tumor tissues. Enhanced drug delivery through nanoparticle-based therapies could improve anti-tumor efficacy and also prevent drug resistance. However, there are still problems to overcome, such as the main biological interactions of nanocarriers. Among the various nanostructures for drug delivery, drug delivery based on polymeric nanoparticles has numerous advantages for controlling the release of biological factors, such as the ability to add a selective targeting mechanism, controlled release, protection of administered drugs, and prolonging the circulation time in the body. In addition, the functionalization of nanoparticles helps to achieve the best possible outcome. One of the most promising applications for nanoparticle-based drug delivery is in the field of onco-hematology, where there are many already approved targeted therapies, such as immunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tumor-associated antigens; however, several patients have experienced relapsed or refractory disease. This review describes the major nanocarriers proposed as new treatments for hematologic cancer, describing the main biological interactions of these nanocarriers and the related limitations of their use as drug delivery strategies.
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de la Harpe, Kara, Pierre Kondiah, Yahya Choonara, Thashree Marimuthu, Lisa du Toit, and Viness Pillay. "The Hemocompatibility of Nanoparticles: A Review of Cell–Nanoparticle Interactions and Hemostasis." Cells 8, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101209.
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Understanding cell–nanoparticle interactions is critical to developing effective nanosized drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have already advanced the treatment of several challenging conditions including cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet still hold the potential to improve drug delivery to elusive target sites. Even though most nanoparticles will encounter blood at a certain stage of their transport through the body, the interactions between nanoparticles and blood cells is still poorly understood and the importance of evaluating nanoparticle hemocompatibility is vastly understated. In contrast to most review articles that look at the interference of nanoparticles with the intricate coagulation cascade, this review will explore nanoparticle hemocompatibility from a cellular angle. The most important functions of the three cellular components of blood, namely erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes, in hemostasis are highlighted. The potential deleterious effects that nanoparticles can have on these cells are discussed and insight is provided into some of the complex mechanisms involved in nanoparticle–blood cell interactions. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on the importance of undertaking thorough, all-inclusive hemocompatibility studies on newly engineered nanoparticles to facilitate their translation into clinical application.
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Mat Isa, Siti Zaleha, Rafidah Zainon, and Mahbubunnabi Tamal. "State of the Art in Gold Nanoparticle Synthesisation via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid and Its Characterisation for Molecular Imaging: A Review." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030875.
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With recent advances in nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been used as drug carriers in molecular imaging for the treatment of cancer. The unique physiochemical properties and biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles have developed a breakthrough in molecular imaging, which allows exploration of gold nanoparticles in drug delivery for diagnostic purpose. The conventional gold nanoparticles synthetisation methods have limitations with chemical contaminations during the synthesisation process and the use of higher energy. Thus, various innovative approaches in gold nanoparticles synthetisation are under development. Recently, studies have been focused on the development of eco-friendly, non-toxic, cost-effective and simple gold nanoparticle synthesisation. The pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique is a versatile synthetic and convincing technique due to its high efficiency, eco-friendly and facile method to produce gold nanoparticle. Therefore, this study aimed to review the eco-friendly gold nanoparticle synthesisation method via the PLAL method and to characterise the gold nanoparticles properties for molecular imaging. This review paper provides new insight to understand the PLAL technique in producing gold nanoparticles and the PLAL parameters that affect gold nanoparticle properties to meet the desired needs in molecular imaging.
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Wang, Penghui, Rong Yang, Shuai Liu, Yanhan Ren, Xin Liu, Xiaoxue Wang, Wenjie Zhang, and Bo Chi. "Thermosensitive nanoparticle of mPEG-PTMC for oligopeptide delivery into osteoclast precursors." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 35, no. 4-5 (July 2020): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911520933916.
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Transmembrane delivery of biomolecules through nanoparticles plays an important role in targeted therapy. Here, we designed a simple nanoparticle for the delivery of model peptide drug into primary osteoclast precursor cells (bone marrow macrophages) by thermosensitive and biodegradable diblock copolymer monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(trimethylene carbonate). The model peptide drug was encapsulated into the nanoparticle by dropping the drug carrier dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide solvent into water containing poly(vinyl alcohol) to achieve temperature response nanoparticles. Through size analysis, we found that the nanoparticles possessed a temperature-sensitive property between 30°C and 40°C. Moreover, flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetry analysis indicated that nanoparticle systems underwent significant cellular uptake. In addition, the evaluation of cell biology showed that nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the results indicated that the temperature-sensitive nanoparticles have potential application value for targeted delivery of oligopeptide in the treatment process of osteoarthritis.
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Liu, Keda, Dianjian Zhang, and Wei Wang. "Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System—A Target Strategy for Osteoarthritis Treatment." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (October 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4064983.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a bone and joint disease with pathological characteristics such as articular cartilage degeneration injury and synovial and subchondral bone reactive hyperplasia. Once cartilage is damaged, it is difficult to repair it by itself. Current clinical practice is mainly limited to symptomatic treatment, not changing the degenerative process of osteoarthritis. The important goal of nanomedicine is targeted delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can provide many unique potential functions for the targeted treatment of arthritis. This review summarizes the research progress of nanomaterials as a drug delivery system in the treatment of osteoarthritis from three aspects: (1) the etiology of OA and the current research status of applying nanoparticles to treat OA, (2) the construction of osteoarthritis models, and (3) the classification of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.
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Saputra, Ferry, Boontida Uapipatanakul, Jiann-Shing Lee, Shih-Min Hung, Jong-Chin Huang, Yun-Chieh Pang, John Emmanuel R. Muñoz, Allan Patrick G. Macabeo, Kelvin H. C. Chen, and Chung-Der Hsiao. "Co-Treatment of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle and Carbofuran Enhances Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158259.
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The use of chemicals to boost food production increases as human consumption also increases. The insectidal, nematicidal and acaricidal chemical carbofuran (CAF), is among the highly toxic carbamate pesticide used today. Alongside, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) are also used as pesticides due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The overuse of these pesticides may lead to leaching into the aquatic environments and could potentially cause adverse effects to aquatic animals. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of carbofuran and copper oxide nanoparticles into the cardiovascular system of zebrafish and unveil the mechanism behind them. We found that a combination of copper oxide nanoparticle and carbofuran increases cardiac edema in zebrafish larvae and disturbs cardiac rhythm of zebrafish. Furthermore, molecular docking data show that carbofuran inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in silico, thus leading to impair cardiac rhythms. Overall, our data suggest that copper oxide nanoparticle and carbofuran combinations work synergistically to enhance toxicity on the cardiovascular performance of zebrafish larvae.
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Lopes, Joana, Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves, Isabel V. Figueiredo, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Hugo Ferreira, David Ferreira, Ana S. Viana, et al. "Proof-of-Concept Study of Multifunctional Hybrid Nanoparticle System Combined with NIR Laser Irradiation for the Treatment of Melanoma." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040511.
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The global impact of cancer emphasizes the importance of developing innovative, effective and minimally invasive therapies. In the context of superficial cancers, the development of a multifunctional nanoparticle-based system and its in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy characterization are, herein, proposed as a proof-of-concept. This multifunctional system consists of gold nanoparticles coated with hyaluronic and oleic acids, and functionalized with epidermal growth factor for greater specificity towards cutaneous melanoma cells. This nanoparticle system is activated by a near-infrared laser. The characterization of this nanoparticle system included several phases, with in vitro assays being firstly performed to assess the safety of gold nanoparticles without laser irradiation. Then, hairless immunocompromised mice were selected for a xenograft model upon inoculation of A375 human melanoma cells. Treatment with near-infrared laser irradiation for five minutes combined with in situ administration of the nanoparticles showed a tumor volume reduction of approximately 80% and, in some cases, led to the formation of several necrotic foci, observed histologically. No significant skin erythema at the irradiation zone was verified, nor other harmful effects on the excised organs. In conclusion, these assays suggest that this system is safe and shows promising results for the treatment of superficial melanoma.
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Haddadian, Kazhal, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad, and Mahmood Ghoranneviss. "Copper nanoparticles together with cold atmospheric plasma improves the growth and physiological indices of Dracocephalum moldavica in hydroponic system." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 7, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.7(3).p130-139.
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma on growth and physiological indices of Dracocephalum moldavica herbal plant under hydroponic culture conditions. The factors investigated in this experiment were copper nanoparticles at four levels of zero (control), 25, 50, and 75 ppm and cold atmospheric plas-ma at three times of zero (control), 20, and 30 seconds. The results showed that application of cold atmospheric plasma led to an increase in the shoot height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, soluble leaf protein; it also decreased proline content. In addition, there was no significant difference between cold atmospheric plasma at the two durations of 20 and 30 seconds. Moreover, compared with the control and non-nanoparticle copper treatments, the use of copper nanoparticles improved the measured indices; accordingly, when making its greatest effect, the use of copper nanoparticles led to 27.77% increase in shoot height, 73.76% in root length, 67.98% in shoot dry weight, 87.67% in root dry weight, 22.83% in leaf area, 76.19% in soluble leaf protein in treatment with 25 ppm of copper and 39.42%, 50%, and 42.36% increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, respectively in treatment with 50 ppm of copper nanoparticles. Considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that the use of 25 ppm of copper nanoparticles (due to the application of nanoparticle instead of non-nanoparticle copper) within 20 seconds of cold atmospheric plasma improves the growth and physiological indices of D. moldavica herbal plant under hydroponic culture conditions.
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Zhao, Shang, and Seoksoon Lee. "Biomaterial-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 Used to Improve the Efficiency of Hyperthermia of Tumors in HepG2 Model." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052017.
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The main treatments for cancer recorded to date include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Although we have achieved great success in treating certain types of tumors, there are still many incurable even with the help of modern treatments. Currently, the principles of magnetic-induction hyperthermia in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia are considered an effective treatment for cancer cells. As reported in previous articles, these nanoparticles generate a lot of heat that raises the temperatures of tumors, hence treating the cancer cells. The other significant potential of magnetic nanoparticles is the ability to combine heat and drug release for cancer treatment. However, within the biologically safe range of AC magnetic fields, the lack of induction heating power and the high criteria for biocompatibility in superparamagnetic-nanoparticle hyperthermia agents still make up the key challenges for the successful clinical application of magnetic hyperthermia. In this study, two different types of iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4) were modified with whey protein isolate (WPI) to form bio-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles with spherical or diamond-shaped structures and diameters between 20 and 100 nm, which demonstrate excellent stability under different conditions. Adriamycin (ADM) has also been successfully loaded onto these nanoparticles and used in this experiment. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed using these WPI-modified nanoparticles on HepG2 tumor models and mice to assess their bioavailability and biological feasibility. The results prove that these WPI-modified nanoparticles perform satisfactorily in conjunction with hyperthermia to cure tumors completely.
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Sykes, Edward A., Qin Dai, Christopher D. Sarsons, Juan Chen, Jonathan V. Rocheleau, David M. Hwang, Gang Zheng, David T. Cramb, Kristina D. Rinker, and Warren C. W. Chan. "Tailoring nanoparticle designs to target cancer based on tumor pathophysiology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 9 (February 16, 2016): E1142—E1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521265113.
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Nanoparticles can provide significant improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. How nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry can affect their accumulation, retention, and penetration in tumors remains heavily investigated, because such findings provide guiding principles for engineering optimal nanosystems for tumor targeting. Currently, the experimental focus has been on particle design and not the biological system. Here, we varied tumor volume to determine whether cancer pathophysiology can influence tumor accumulation and penetration of different sized nanoparticles. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to model the process of nanoparticle accumulation. We discovered that changes in pathophysiology associated with tumor volume can selectively change tumor uptake of nanoparticles of varying size. We further determine that nanoparticle retention within tumors depends on the frequency of interaction of particles with the perivascular extracellular matrix for smaller nanoparticles, whereas transport of larger nanomaterials is dominated by Brownian motion. These results reveal that nanoparticles can potentially be personalized according to a patient’s disease state to achieve optimal diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
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Ali Al-Lezami, Hajer Ahmed, and Geetha Devi. "Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles and its Application in Grey Water Treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1055, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1055/1/012001.
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Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the emerging technologies with unique functionalities and great potential in the removal of pollutants from waste water. Nanoparticle mediated waste water treatment is a promising alternative to traditional water treatment techniques. Considerable amount of grey water is thrown out of the household activities on a daily basis, which in turn lead to environmental pollution in the long run and hence results in increased fresh water consumption. The present study focused on the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles using homogenisation process for the treatment of grey water. The nanoparticles were characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The synthesised nanoparticles were employed in the batch treatment of grey water by varying the solution pH, stirring time; stirring speed and dosage of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The pollutant removal efficiency of the nanoparticles were assessed by measuring the Chemical Oxygen demand (COD), Total Suspended solids (TDS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity. The study demonstrates that the optimum pollutant removal efficiency was obtained at pH 8.0, stirring speed of 100 rpm, mixing time of 75 minutes and 0.7 g dosage of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The maximum reduction in COD at optimum processing condition was 78%. The outcome of the study suggests that calcium carbonate nanoparticle could effectively remove pollutants from grey water. This research is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSD), which is clean water and sanitation. This community engagement project will serve the society by saving the water and to produce a clean environment.
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Bekeschus, Sander. "Combined Toxicity of Gas Plasma Treatment and Nanoparticles Exposure in Melanoma Cells In Vitro." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030806.
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Despite continuous advances in therapy, cancer remains a deadly disease. Over the past years, gas plasma technology emerged as a novel tool to target tumors, especially skin. Another promising anticancer approach are nanoparticles. Since combination therapies are becoming increasingly relevant in oncology, both gas plasma treatment and nanoparticle exposure were combined. A series of nanoparticles were investigated in parallel, namely, silica, silver, iron oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, and iron-doped titanium oxide. For gas plasma treatment, the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen was utilized. Using three melanoma cell lines, the two murine non-metastatic B16F0 and metastatic B16F10 cells and the human metastatic B-Raf mutant cell line SK-MEL-28, the combined cytotoxicity of both approaches was identified. The combined cytotoxicity of gas plasma treatment and nanoparticle exposure was consistent across all three cell lines for silica, silver, iron oxide, and cerium oxide. In contrast, for titanium oxide and iron-doped titanium oxide, significantly combined cytotoxicity was only observed in B16F10 cells.
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Joseph, Andrea, Chris W. Nyambura, Danielle Bondurant, Kylie Corry, Denise Beebout, Thomas R. Wood, Jim Pfaendtner, and Elizabeth Nance. "Formulation and Efficacy of Catalase-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081131.
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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the leading cause of permanent brain injury in term newborns and currently has no cure. Catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, is a promising therapeutic due to its ability to scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species and improve tissue oxygen status. However, upon in vivo administration, catalase is subject to a short half-life, rapid proteolytic degradation, immunogenicity, and an inability to penetrate the brain. Polymeric nanoparticles can improve pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic cargo, although encapsulation of large proteins has been challenging. In this paper, we investigated hydrophobic ion pairing as a technique for increasing the hydrophobicity of catalase and driving its subsequent loading into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticle. We found improved formation of catalase-hydrophobic ion complexes with dextran sulfate (DS) compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or taurocholic acid (TA). Molecular dynamics simulations in a model system demonstrated retention of native protein structure after complexation with DS, but not SDS or TA. Using DS-catalase complexes, we developed catalase-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles and evaluated their efficacy in the Vannucci model of unilateral hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in postnatal day 10 rats. Catalase-loaded nanoparticles retained enzymatic activity for at least 24 h in serum-like conditions, distributed through injured brain tissue, and delivered a significant neuroprotective effect compared to saline and blank nanoparticle controls. These results encourage further investigation of catalase and PLGA-PEG nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for the treatment of neonatal brain injury.
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Tsirikis, Peter, Kirsty Wilson, Sue Xiang, Wei Wei, Guanghui Ma, Cordelia Selomulya, and Magdalena Plebanski. "Immunogenicity and biodistribution of nanoparticles in vivo." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 75.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.75.28.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nanoparticles have been widely used in vaccine design as both adjuvants and antigen delivery vehicles. In a seminal study, 40–50 nm nanoparticles with conjugated antigen were shown to induce high antibody titers and IFN-γ production in mice but with no added inflammatory stimuli. Subsequent research has shown that similar levels of immunogenicity can be achieved via the co-injection of naked 40–50 nm nanoparticles adjuvants and larger 500 nm nanoparticles with conjugated antigen. Furthermore, recent works indicate that particle shape can also influence the immune response. As such, we investigate the influence of surface morphology using 40–50 nm smooth and rough surfaced nanoparticle adjuvants and report their differential immunogenicity via ELISA, ELISpot and flow cytometry. Further, we determine the biodistribution of fluorescent 40–50 nm nanoparticle adjuvants with smooth and rough surfaces and larger 500 nm nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size is shown to be a discriminating factor in lymph node drainage, using a Carestream FX PRO in vivo imaging system and fluorescence microscopy of lymph nodes sectioned ex vivo. To elucidate the safety profile of this vaccine construct, we also investigate the biodistribution of nanoparticles within the major organs. The outcomes from this study provide key design criteria in the development of novel nanoparticle immunotherapeutics for the treatment of disease.
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Kodama, Eriko, Junichi Tatami, Toru Wakihara, Takeshi Meguro, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Hiromi Nakano. "Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of TiN Nanoparticle-Dispersed Si3N4 Ceramics from Si3N4-Nano TiO2 Composite Particles Obtained by Mechanical Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.221.
Full textAbstract:
TiN nanoparticle-dispersed Si3N4 ceramics is one of the typical ceramics used for bearing applications. Because larger TiN particles considerably damage the mating metallic materials, smaller TiN particles must be dispersed in Si3N4 ceramics. In this study, we fabricated TiN nanoparticle-dispersed Si3N4 ceramics from Si3N4–nano TiO2 composite particles prepared by mechanical treatment. The mechanical properties of the fabricated TiN nanoparticle-dispersed Si3N4 ceramics were evaluated. At first, TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in ethanol using polyethylene imide as a dispersant with a lower molecular weight. Si3N4 powder was mixed with this slurry to obtain a powder mixture. In this case, the reaggregation of the TiO2 nanoparticles during the drying process is the problem that has to be solved. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles and Si3N4 particles were mechanically joined by a particle composer to fabricate the composite particles from the powder mixture. TiN nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in Si3N4 ceramics by using composite powder. The bending strength of the developed Si3N4 ceramics with TiN nanoparticles was improved, and its distribution was narrow due to the homogeneous dispersion of TiN nanoparticles.
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Vu, Kien A., and Catherine N. Mulligan. "An Overview on the Treatment of Oil Pollutants in Soil Using Synthetic and Biological Surfactant Foam and Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031916.
Full textAbstract:
Oil-contaminated soil is one of the most concerning problems due to its potential damage to human, animals, and the environment. Nanoparticles have effectively been used to degrade oil pollution in soil in the lab and in the field for a long time. In recent years, surfactant foam and nanoparticles have shown high removal of oil pollutants from contaminated soil. This review provides an overview on the remediation of oil pollutants in soil using nanoparticles, surfactant foams, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams. In particular, the fate and transport of oil compounds in the soil, the interaction of nanoparticles and surfactant foam, the removal mechanisms of nanoparticles and various surfactant foams, the effect of some factors (e.g., soil characteristics and amount, nanoparticle properties, surfactant concentration) on remediation efficiency, and some advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated. Different nanoparticles and surfactant foam can be effectively utilized for treating oil compounds in contaminated soil. The treatment efficiency is dependent on many factors. Thus, optimizing these factors in each scenario is required to achieve a high remediation rate while not causing negative effects on humans, animals, and the environment. In the future, more research on the soil types, operating cost, posttreatment process, and recycling and reuse of surfactants and nanoparticles need to be conducted.
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Al-Hada, Naif Mohammed, Mohamed Kamari Halimah, Abdul Halim Shaari, Elias Saion, Sidek A. Aziz, and Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa. "Structural and Morphological Properties of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Thermal Treatment Route." Solid State Phenomena 290 (April 2019): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.290.307.
Full textAbstract:
The capping of manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticle by polyvinyl pyrrolidone agent has been carried out by a simple thermal treatment route. The obtained nanopowder samples have been given a screening investigation for its elemental composition, structural and morphological behaviour. The observed crystalline phase of manganese–zinc ferrite nanopowder was evidenced by X-ray diffractometer at a calcination temperature of 650 °C with no other impurity phases being detected. The average crystallite size determined from the XRD data and TEM micrographs showed an increasing trend with increasing calcination temperature. The morphological examination revealed that the manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticle exhibits a uniform shape with enhancement in nanoparticles dispersion as the calcination temperature increased.