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1
Zhang, Li-De, and Xiao-Sheng Fang. "Controlled Growth and Characterization Methods of Semiconductor Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 149–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.n02.
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One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanomaterials attract much attention because they are ideal systems for investigation and studying the relationship between properties and structures and having extensive application future in the high technical field. They are expected to play an important role in fabrication of the next generation nanocircuits, nanotools, nanowires lasers, photon tunneling devices, near-field photo-waveguide devices, etc. This article described controlled growth, characterization of structures and morphologies and properties of 1D semiconductor nanomaterials based on our previous works. This article is organized into two parts: The first part is complicated nanostructures of semiconductors, which includes coaxial nanocables, heterostructure nanowires and nanowires with metal–semiconductor junction behavior, hierarchical structures, doping of the nanowires and nanobelts, porous materials and periodically twined nanowires and asymmetrical polytypic nanobelts. The second part contains semiconductor nanoarrays based on anodic alumina membrane (AAM) templates. Finally, we propose that further investigation of the influence of nanomaterial morphologies on properties and how to design the morphology of nanostructures to meet the property requirements of nanodevices are our future research directions in this field.
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Dang, Chao, Mingyang Liu, Zhiwei Lin, and Wei Yan. "Selenium nanomaterials enabled flexible and wearable electronics." Chemical Synthesis 3, no. 2 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.33.
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Selenium (Se), as an intriguing chalcogenide semiconductor, has traditionally been used for solar energy harvesting. The recent development of nanoscience and nanotechnology has enabled a myriad of Se nanomaterials with compelling structures and unique features. Compared with other chalcogens, Se nanomaterials possess anisotropic crystalline structure, intrinsic chirality, and high reactivity, as well as unique optical, electrical, photoconductive, and piezoelectrical properties. The integration of these Se nanomaterials with technologically important materials, such as conductors and semiconductors, over flexible, bendable, stretchable, and highly curved substrates offer a new generation of Se nanomaterial-based flexible and wearable electronics. In this mini review, we survey the recent scientific and technological breakthroughs in Se nanomaterials-enabled flexible and wearable electronics. We highlight the synthesis, fabrication, morphologies, structure, and properties (optical, electrical, optoelectrical, photovoltaic, and piezoelectric) of Se nanomaterials as well as their integration into innovative functional devices that deliver higher forms of applications across smart sensing, health care, and energy domains. We conclude with a critical analysis of existing challenges and opportunities that will trigger the continued progress of the field.
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Ma, Liang, Shuang Chen, Yun Shao, You-Long Chen, Mo-Xi Liu, Hai-Xia Li, Yi-Ling Mao, and Si-Jing Ding. "Recent Progress in Constructing Plasmonic Metal/Semiconductor Hetero-Nanostructures for Improved Photocatalysis." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120634.
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Hetero-nanomaterials constructed by plasmonic metals and functional semiconductors show enormous potential in photocatalytic applications, such as in hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and treatment of pollutants. Their photocatalytic performances can be better regulated through adjusting structure, composition, and components’ arrangement. Therefore, the reasonable design and synthesis of metal/semiconductor hetero-nanostructures is of vital significance. In this mini-review, we laconically summarize the recent progress in efficiently establishing metal/semiconductor nanomaterials for improved photocatalysis. The defined photocatalysts mainly include traditional binary hybrids, ternary multi-metals/semiconductor, and metal/multi-semiconductors heterojunctions. The underlying physical mechanism for the enhanced photocatalysis of the established photocatalysts is highlighted. In the end, a brief summary and possible future perspectives for further development in this field are demonstrated.
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Lu, Yuzheng, Youquan Mi, Junjiao Li, Fenghua Qi, Senlin Yan, and Wenjing Dong. "Recent Progress in Semiconductor-Ionic Conductor Nanomaterial as a Membrane for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092290.
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Reducing the operating temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) to 300–600 °C is a great challenge for the development of SOFC. Among the extensive research and development (R&D) efforts that have been done on lowering the operating temperature of SOFCs, nanomaterials have played a critical role in improving ion transportation in electrolytes and facilitating electrochemical catalyzation of the electrodes. This work reviews recent progress in lowering the temperature of SOFCs by using semiconductor-ionic conductor nanomaterial, which is typically a composition of semiconductor and ionic conductor, as a membrane. The historical development, as well as the working mechanism of semiconductor-ionic membrane fuel cell (SIMFC), is discussed. Besides, the development in the application of nanostructured pure ionic conductors, semiconductors, and nanocomposites of semiconductors and ionic conductors as the membrane is highlighted. The method of using nano-structured semiconductor-ionic conductors as a membrane has been proved to successfully exhibit a significant enhancement in the ionic conductivity and power density of SOFCs at low temperatures and provides a new way to develop low-temperature SOFCs.
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Cai, Jiabai, and Shunxing Li. "Photocatalytic Treatment of Environmental Pollutants using Multilevel- Structure TiO2-based Organic and Inorganic Nanocomposites." Current Organocatalysis 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213337207999200701214637.
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Nanostructured materials often exhibit unique physical properties, such as fast carrier transport, subwavelength optical waveguiding, and a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. When the size of a material is reduced to nanoscale dimensions, its physical and chemical properties can change dramatically. In addition, nanostructures offer exciting new opportunities for environmental applications. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of recent research related to multifunctional TiO2-based inorganic and organic semiconductor nanomaterials, covering both their synthesis and applications. After a brief introduction of the definition and classification of TiO2-based inorganic and organic semiconductor nanomaterial structures, we discuss various application strategies, such as sewage treatment, heavy metal removal, and the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. In our previous work, we fabricated a variety of TiO2-based hollow spheres using a diverse range of materials from inorganic semiconductors to organic semiconductors and applied these structures as photocatalysts. Further, the development of these nanostructures may enable numerous applications in the field of environmental technology.
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Zhu, Hongliang, Li Fan, Kaili Wang, Hao Liu, Jiawei Zhang, and Shancheng Yan. "Progress in the Synthesis and Application of Tellurium Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142057.
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In recent decades, low-dimensional nanodevices have shown great potential to extend Moore’s Law. The n-type semiconductors already have several candidate materials for semiconductors with high carrier transport and device performance, but the development of their p-type counterparts remains a challenge. As a p-type narrow bandgap semiconductor, tellurium nanostructure has outstanding electrical properties, controllable bandgap, and good environmental stability. With the addition of methods for synthesizing various emerging tellurium nanostructures with controllable size, shape, and structure, tellurium nanomaterials show great application prospects in next-generation electronics and optoelectronic devices. For tellurium-based nanomaterials, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are the main characterization methods for their morphology. In this paper, the controllable synthesis methods of different tellurium nanostructures are reviewed, and the latest progress in the application of tellurium nanostructures is summarized. The applications of tellurium nanostructures in electronics and optoelectronics, including field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and sensors, are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges, opportunities, and development directions of tellurium nanomaterials are prospected.
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Feliczak-Guzik, Agnieszka. "Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts—Synthesis and Their Potential Applications." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010193.
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Increasing demand for energy and environmental degradation are the most serious problems facing the man. An interesting issue that can contribute to solving these problems is the use of photocatalysis. According to literature, solar energy in the presence of a photocatalyst can effectively (i) be converted into electricity/fuel, (ii) break down chemical and microbial pollutants, and (iii) help water purification. Therefore, the search for new, efficient, and stable photocatalysts with high application potential is a point of great interest. The photocatalysts must be characterized by the ability to absorb radiation from a wide spectral range of light, the appropriate position of the semiconductor energy bands in relation to the redox reaction potentials, and the long diffusion path of charge carriers, besides the thermodynamic, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical stabilities. Meeting these requirements by semiconductors is very difficult. Therefore, efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of photo processes by changing the electron structure, surface morphology, and crystal structure of semiconductors. This paper reviews the recent literature covering the synthesis and application of nanomaterials in photocatalysis.
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BARDUS, I., S. KOVACHОV, I. BOHDANOV, and Y. SUCHIKOVA. "PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF NANOMATERIAL SCIENCE TO CREATE INNOVATIVE NANOSTRUCTURES ON THE SURFACE OF SEMICONDUCTORS." Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, no. 3 (December 7, 2022): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2022-1-3-237-248.
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The article is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the quality of professional training of future specialists in the field of nanomaterial science for productive activities, namely, the definition of the system of his professional competence in the creation of nanostructures on the surface of semiconductors. The article, based on the structure of the production process for the synthesis of innovative nanostructures on the surface of a semiconductor, defines the qualification requirements for a specialist in the field of nanomaterial science. It was established that a specialist in the field of nanomaterial science must possess design, technological, operational, research, organizational and management competencies. Design competence involves the modeling of a new nanostructure on the surface of a semiconductor to acquire the desired functional properties, the selection of optimal technological solutions for the synthesis of these nanostructures, and the development of experimental methods in accordance with the chosen technology. Technological competence ensures the effectiveness of professional activity in the synthesis of a new nanostructure on the surface of a semiconductor based on the chosen technology. Organizational and managerial competence allows a specialist to carry out technical training, control, and regulation of the process of synthesis of nanostructures on the surface of a semiconductor with a given quality. The formed scientific and research competence allows to carry out a scientific search for the morphological properties of the nanomaterial structure in order to give it the necessary functional properties, to develop new technologies and appropriate equipment for the synthesis of nanostructures on the surface of a semiconductor. The article also describes the structure and content of design, technological, research and organizational and management competencies of specialists in the field of nanomaterial science, which are the basis for the development of a fundamentalized system of their training in institutions of higher education. Key words: nanotechnology, professional competence, production process, system approach, specialist in the field of nanomaterial science, productive activity, synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Mintcheva, Neli, Shigeru Yamaguchi, and Sergei A. Kulinich. "Hybrid TiO2-ZnO Nanomaterials Prepared Using Laser Ablation in Liquid." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030719.
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Hybrids of semiconductor nanomaterials often demonstrate properties that are superior to those of their components. In this study, we prepared hybrid nanomaterials of TiO2 and ZnO, which are among the most actively studied semiconductors, by means of millisecond-pulsed laser and analyzed how their morphology, particle size, and surface composition depend on preparation conditions. A series of nanomaterials were obtained via sequentially ablating Zn and Ti metal plates (in different sequences) in water, while laser pulses of lower (2.0 J/pulse) and higher (5.0 J/pulse) energy were applied. The properties of laser-produced hybrid TiO2-ZnO nanomaterials were shown to be governed by experimental conditions such as laser pulse width, pulse peak power, and reaction media (either pure water or colloid with nanoparticles). The morphology revealed nanospheres of TiO2 that decorate nanorods of ZnO or flower-like aggregates of zinc oxide. Intriguingly, after extended ablation time, titania was found to be self-doped with Ti3+ and Ti2+ ions, and the contribution of lower oxidation states of titanium could be controlled by the applied laser pulse energy. The physicochemical characteristics of hybrid nanomaterials were compared with pure ZnO and TiO2 prepared under the same laser conditions.
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D., Nirmal. "HIGH PERFORMANCE FLEXIBLE NANOPARTICLES BASED ORGANIC ELECTRONICS." December 2019 2019, no. 02 (December 24, 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2019.2.005.
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The attributes of the organic materials have made them more prominent in a wide range of applications engaged for large or small purpose such as the solar cells or the displays in the mobile devices. The solar cells developed using the organic semiconductors are more advantageous due to their flexibility and their easy installation. Despite the versatile nature of the and easy implementation the organic semiconductors still suffers from low efficiency in term of cost, performance and size. The proposed method incorporates the nanomaterials in the organic solar cell to improvise efficiency (performance) and to minimize the cost as well as the size of the solar cells. The proposed method replaces the semiconductor that is organic by incorporating the organic semiconductors with the nanoparticle additives to have a perfect blending in solution to improve the crystallizations of the semiconductor, and the uniformity thus improvising the power conversion efficiency in the solar cells and minimizing the size and the cost . The result acquired through evaluation proves the performance improvements to 19% form 3.5% in the solar cells.
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Elgohary, Elzahraa A., Yasser Mahmoud A. Mohamed, Hossam A. El Nazer, Oussama Baaloudj, Mohammed S. S. Alyami, Atef El Jery, Aymen Amine Assadi, and Abdeltif Amrane. "A Review of the Use of Semiconductors as Catalysts in the Photocatalytic Inactivation of Microorganisms." Catalysts 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121498.
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Obtaining clean and high-quality water free of pathogenic microorganisms is a worldwide challenge. Various techniques have been investigated for achieving an effective removal or inactivation of these pathogenic microorganisms. One of those promising techniques is photocatalysis. In recent years, photocatalytic processes used semiconductors as photocatalysts. They were widely studied as a green and safe technology for water disinfection due to their high efficiency, being non-toxic and inexpensive, and their ability to disinfect a wide range of microorganisms under UV or visible light. In this review, we summarized the inactivation mechanisms of different waterborne pathogenic microorganisms by semiconductor photocatalysts. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of semiconductors photocatalysts, especially titanium dioxide, under visible light is limited and hence needs further improvements. Several strategies have been studied to improve their efficiencies which are briefly discussed in this review. With the developing of nanotechnology, doping with nanomaterials can increase and promote the semiconductor’s photocatalytic efficiency, which can enhance the deactivation or damage of a large number of waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. Here, we present an overview of antimicrobial effects for a wide range of nano-photocatalysts, including titanium dioxide-based, other metal-containing, and metal-free photocatalysts. Promising future directions and challenges for materials research in photocatalytic water disinfection are also concluded in this review.
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Pang, Chao, Basu R. Aryal, Dulashani R. Ranasinghe, Tyler R. Westover, Asami E. F. Ehlert, John N. Harb, Robert C. Davis, and Adam T. Woolley. "Bottom-Up Fabrication of DNA-Templated Electronic Nanomaterials and Their Characterization." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071655.
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Bottom-up fabrication using DNA is a promising approach for the creation of nanoarchitectures. Accordingly, nanomaterials with specific electronic, photonic, or other functions are precisely and programmably positioned on DNA nanostructures from a disordered collection of smaller parts. These self-assembled structures offer significant potential in many domains such as sensing, drug delivery, and electronic device manufacturing. This review describes recent progress in organizing nanoscale morphologies of metals, semiconductors, and carbon nanotubes using DNA templates. We describe common substrates, DNA templates, seeding, plating, nanomaterial placement, and methods for structural and electrical characterization. Finally, our outlook for DNA-enabled bottom-up nanofabrication of materials is presented.
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Owolabi, Taoreed O., Tawfik A. Saleh, Olubosede Olusayo, Miloud Souiyah, and Oluwatoba Emmanuel Oyeneyin. "Modeling the Specific Surface Area of Doped Spinel Ferrite Nanomaterials Using Hybrid Intelligent Computational Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9677423.
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Spinel ferrites nanomaterials are magnetic semiconductors with excellent chemical, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties which have rendered the materials useful in many technological driven applications such as solar hydrogen production, data storage, magnetic sensing, converters, inductors, spintronics, and catalysts. The surface area of these nanomaterials contributes significantly to their targeted applications as well as the observed physical and chemical features. Experimental doping has shown a great potential in enhancing and tuning the specific surface area of spinel ferrite nanomaterials while the attributed experimental challenges call for viable theoretical model that can estimate the surface area of doped spinel ferrite nanomaterials with high degree of precision. This work develops stepwise regression (STWR) and hybrid genetic algorithm-based support vector regression (GBSVR) intelligent model for estimating specific surface area of doped spinel ferrite nanomaterials using lattice parameter and the size of nanoparticle as descriptors to the models. The developed hybrid GBSVR model performs better than STWR model with the performance improvement of 7.51% and 22.68%, respectively, using correlation coefficient and root mean square error as performance metrics when validated with experimentally measured specific surface area of doped spinel ferrite nanomaterials. The developed GBSVR model investigates the influence of nickel, yttrium, and lanthanum nanoparticles on the specific surface area of different classes of spinel ferrite nanomaterials, and the obtained results agree excellently well with the measured values. The accuracy and precision characterizing the developed model would be of immense importance in enhancing specific surface area of doped spinel ferrite nanomaterial prediction with circumvention of experimental stress coupled with reduced cost.
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Wang, Xiaotian, and Lin Guo. "SERS Activity of Semiconductors: Crystalline and Amorphous Nanomaterials." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 11 (December 16, 2019): 4231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201913375.
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Wang, Xiaotian, and Lin Guo. "SERS Activity of Semiconductors: Crystalline and Amorphous Nanomaterials." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 11 (March 9, 2020): 4259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201913375.
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Sosa Lissarrague, Matías H., Sameer Alshehri, Abdullah Alsalhi, Verónica L. Lassalle, and Ignacio López Corral. "Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Effluents by TiO2 and ZnO Nanomaterials." Adsorption Science & Technology 2023 (January 24, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2728305.
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The presence of heavy metals in wastewater, such as Ni, Pb, Cd, V, Cr, and Cu, is a serious environmental problem. This kind of inorganic pollutant is not biodegradable for several years, and its harmful effect is cumulative. Recently, semiconductor nanomaterials based on metal oxides have gained interest due to their efficiency in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water, by inducing photocatalytic ion reduction when they absorb light of the appropriate wavelength. The most commonly applied semiconductor oxides for these purposes are titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and binary nanomaterials composed of both types of oxides. The main purpose of this work is to critically analyse the existent literature concerning this topic focusing specially in the most important factors affecting the adsorption or photocatalytic capacities of this type of nanomaterials. In particular, photocatalytic activity is altered by various factors, such as proportion of polymorphs, synthesis method, surface area, concentration of defects and particle size, among others. After a survey of the actual literature, it was found that, although these metal oxides have low absorption capacity for visible light, it is possible to obtain an acceptable heavy metal reduction performance by sensitization with dyes, doping with metallic or nonmetallic atoms, introduction of defects, or the coupling of two or more semiconductors.
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Oh, Hongseok. "Heteroepitaxially grown semiconductors on large-scale 2D nanomaterials for optoelectronics devices." Ceramist 25, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2022.25.4.04.
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Semiconductor nanostructures or thin films are vital components of modern optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, sensors, or transistors. While single crystalline wafers are used as heteroepitaxial templates for them, increasing demands on flexibility or transferability require separation of the grown semiconductor structures on such substrates, which is technically challenging and expensive. Recent research suggests that large-scale 2D nanomaterials can serve as heteroepitaxial templates and provide additional functionalities such as transferability to foreign substrates or mechanical flexibility. In this paper, growth, structural properties, and optoelectronic device applications of semiconductor nanostructures or thin films which are heteroepitaxially grown on large-scale 2D nanomaterials are reviewed.
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Liu, Xin, and Mark T. Swihart. "Heavily-doped colloidal semiconductor and metal oxide nanocrystals: an emerging new class of plasmonic nanomaterials." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 11 (2014): 3908–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60417a.
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Maruyama, Takahiro. "Elucidation of carbon nanotube formation mechanism by operand EXAFS measurement." Impact 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.1.68.
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Nanomaterials are the up-and-coming players in materials science and increasingly found in everyday products such as energy devices, photocatalyst and sporting equipment. They are also predicted to play a major future role in electronics and microfabrication fields. The term nanomaterials usually describe materials of which a single unit ranges in size from 1 to 100 nanometres (nm). A specific nanomaterial called a carbon nanotube is exactly this, a tube made of carbon with a diameter measurable in nanometres. While carbon nanotubes can be further segregated into further subtypes with varying properties, generally speaking they are among the strongest and stiffest materials known in terms of tensile strength and elasticity. These miniature tubes also have promising electrical and optical properties in that they can operate as semiconductors, thermal conductors or even be employed for absorption and fluorescence applications. Because of this broad range of useful properties, the design and use of carbon nanotubes for a variety of applications and industries is receiving lots of attention. Professor Takahiro Maruyama, who is based at both the Nanomaterial Research Centre and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University in Japan, is leading a team conducting research in this field.
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Yousef, Aseel, Zeineb Thiehmed, Rana Abdul Shakoor, and Talal Altahtamouni. "Recent Progress in WS2-Based Nanomaterials Employed for Photocatalytic Water Treatment." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101138.
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Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues globally due to its harmful consequences on the ecosystem and public health. Various technologies have been developed for water treatment such as photocatalysis, which has recently drawn scientists’ attention. Photocatalytic techniques using semiconductors have shown an efficient removal of various water contaminants during water treatment as well as cost effectivity and low energy consumption. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is among the promising Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) photocatalysts, as it has an exceptional nanostructure and special properties including high surface area and high carrier mobility. It is usually synthesized via hydrothermal technique, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to obtain a wide variety of nanostructures such as nanosheets and nanorods. Most common examples of water pollutants that can be removed efficiently by WS2-based nanomaterials through semiconductor photocatalytic techniques are organic contaminants, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and infectious microorganisms. This review summarizes the most recent work on employing WS2-based nanomaterials for different photocatalytic water treatment processes.
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Thangavel, Nithya, Kavitha Pandi, A. R. Mahammed Shaheer, and Bernaurdshaw Neppolian. "Surface-state-induced upward band bending in P doped g-C3N4 for the formation of an isotype heterojunction between bulk g-C3N4 and P doped g-C3N4: photocatalytic hydrogen production." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 23 (2020): 8015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy01543a.
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Taniguchi, Takaaki, Leanddas Nurdiwijayanto, Renzhi Ma, and Takayoshi Sasaki. "Chemically exfoliated inorganic nanosheets for nanoelectronics." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 021313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083109.
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Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials constitute one of the most advanced research targets in materials science and engineering in this century. Among various methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, including top-down exfoliation and bottom-up crystal growth, chemical exfoliation has been widely used to yield monolayers of various layered compounds, such as clay minerals, transition metal chalcogenides (TMDCs), and oxides, long before the discovery of graphene. Soft chemical exfoliation is a technique to weaken the layer-to-layer interaction in layered compounds by chemical modification of interlayer galleries, which promotes monolayer exfoliation. The chemical exfoliation process using organic substances, typically amines, has been applied to a range of layered metal oxides and hydroxides for two decades, establishing high-yield exfoliation into their highly crystalline monolayers and colloidal integration processes have been developed to assemble the resultant 2D nanomaterials into well-organized nanoscale devices. Recently, such a strategy was found to be effective for TMDC and MXene nanosheets, expanding the lineup of functionalities of solution-processed 2D nanomaterial devices from dielectrics, optics, magnetics, and semiconductors to superconductors. Throughout this review, we share the historical research flow, recent progress, and prospects in the development of soft-chemical exfoliation, colloidal integration, and thin film applications of oxides, TMDC, and MXene nanosheets.
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Tripathi, S. K. "Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Nanocomposite and its Device Applications." Solid State Phenomena 201 (May 2013): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.201.65.
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VI semiconductors are promising nanomaterials for applications as window layers in low-cost and high-efficiency thin film solar cells. These nanoparticles are considered to be the model systems for investigating the unique optical and electronic properties of quantum-confined semiconductors. The electrical and optical properties of polymers are improved by doping with semiconductor materials and metal ions. In particular, nanoparticle-doped polymers are considered to be a new class of organic materials due to their considerable modification of physical properties. In this paper, I review the present status of these types of Inorganic/Organic hybrid nanocomposite materials. CdSe nanorods dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix have been prepared by chemical routes. Different characterization techniques like structural, optical and electrical have been used to characterize these nanocomposites. The devices like Schottky diodes and MOS structures have been fabricated and the results have been discussed in this review. The results have been compared with the reported literature by other groups also. Table of Contents
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Assey, Gervas E., and Wilhelm S. Malasi. "Advances in Nanomaterials Sciences and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development: A Review." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 1450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i4.11.
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The fields of materials sciences have great opportunities to address the challenges of sustainable development of modern societies. The sub-disciplines of materials sciences of interest in this review are nanomaterials sciences and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials possess one external dimension measuring 1-100 nm. They have larger surface area for the same mass than their bulk materials. They are more reactive with effects on their electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Thus, nanomaterials are promising for sustainable development in the areas of energy, water, chemicals, electronics, medical and pharmaceutical industries, CO2 mitigation and agriculture. To this end, this review explores the advances in nanomaterials sciences, nanotechnology and the potential applications of nanomaterials for sustainable development. In this review, 73 peer reviewed articles and abstracts were retrieved. The review considered nanomaterials of carbon, inorganic materials, semiconductors, polymeric and lipid based materials. It has been found that nanomaterials sciences and nanotechnology is promising for potential applications in the areas of environmental remediation, energy, food, agriculture, industry, molecular biology, medicine and in pharmaceutical industries for sustainable development.
Keywords: nanomaterials sciences, nanotechnology, sustainable development
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Dinu, Livia Alexandra, Valentin Buiculescu, and Angela Mihaela Baracu. "Recent Progress on Nanomaterials for NO2 Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122120.
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NO2 gas surface acoustic wave (SAW)sensors are under continuous development due to their high sensitivity, reliability, low cost and room temperature operation. Their integration ability with different receptor nanomaterials assures a boost in the performance of the sensors. Among the most exploited nano-materials for sensitive detection of NO2 gas molecules are carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxide semiconductors, quantum dots, and conducting polymers. All these nanomaterials aim to create pores for NO2 gas adsorption or to enlarge the specific surface area with ultra-small nanoparticles that increase the active sites where NO2 gas molecules can diffuse. This review provides a general overview of NO2 gas SAW sensors, with a focus on the different sensors’ configurations and their fabrication technology, on the nanomaterials used as sensitive NO2 layers and on the test methods for gas detection. The synthesis methods of sensing nanomaterials, their functionalization techniques, the mechanism of interaction between NO2 molecules and the sensing nanomaterials are presented and discussed.
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AK AZEM, Funda, Işıl BİRLİK, Özgür Yasin KESKİN, and Tülay KOÇ DELİCE. "Improvement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials by Non-metal Doping." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 23, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1256778.
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Semiconductor photocatalysis is a process that benefits from sunlight to start chemical reactions. In order to take advantage photocatalytic properties of semiconductors and to achieve better performance structural adjustment is needed. In this study, varying amounts of nitrogen were used to modify TiO2 nanostructures using the sol-gel method. The crystalline structure of the synthesized TiO2 nanostructures was studied using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to analyse the elemental composition of nanomaterials. XPS analyze confirms that nitrogen is introduced into the lattice of TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was employed to assess the photocatalytic performance of the samples. To evaluate degradation, the absorption of MB over time was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a result, the doping process has been found to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, and 0.2% N doped TiO2 nanostructures demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic degradation of MB.
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Yu, Limin, Lijing Wang, Yanmeng Dou, Yongya Zhang, Pan Li, Jieqiong Li, and Wei Wei. "Recent Advances in Ferroelectric Materials-Based Photoelectrochemical Reaction." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12173026.
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Inorganic perovskite ferroelectric-based nanomaterials as sustainable new energy materials, due to their intrinsic ferroelectricity and environmental compatibility, are intended to play a crucial role in photoelectrochemical field as major functional materials. Because of versatile physical properties and excellent optoelectronic properties, ferroelectric-based nanomaterials attract much attention in the field of photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical water splitting and photovoltaic. The aim of this review is to cover the recent advances by stating the different kinds of ferroelectrics separately in the photoelectrochemical field as well as discussing how ferroelectric polarization will impact functioning of photo-induced carrier separation and transportation in the interface of the compounded semiconductors. In addition, the future prospects of ferroelectric-based nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Lu, Zhizhong, Menglin Jiang, Jieshi Huang, Xinlei Zhou, Kejie Li, Yue Zheng, Wenkai Jiang, Tao Zhang, Hangbing Yan, and Huan Xia. "Study on NO2 gas sensitivity of metal phthalocyanine enhanced by graphene quantum dots." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2369, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2369/1/012083.
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Traditional semiconductor gas sensors mainly based on metal oxides have some problems such as high working temperature, high energy consumption, low sensitivity, poor anti-interference ability and poor selectivity. Organic semiconductors, represented by metal phthalocyanine (MPc), are becoming the choice of new semiconductor gas sensors because of their advantages of abundant raw materials, low cost, simple process, strong compatibility and ability to work at room temperature. In this study, metal phthalocyanine (molecular diameter of about 1.3 nm) and graphene quantum dots (diameter distribution of 1-3 nm) are similar in size, which facilitates the construction of conjugated plane structure to achieve rapid charge transfer within the material, thus realizing the ultra-sensitive response of the sensor to specific gas molecules at room temperature. In this work, ethylenediamine was used as adhesive to bond tetracarboxylic metal phthalocyanine (MPc-COOH) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to form a new composite material MPc-GQD. The response value of the sensor to 100 ppm NO2 gas can reach 19.8 in 100 s at room temperature, and it has good recovery and repeatability under the premise of laser-assisted recovery. The results provide a new idea for the development of room temperature gas sensors using organic semiconductors and carbon nanomaterials.
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Flimelova, Miroslava, and Yury V. Ryabchikov. "A Facile Route of Manufacturing of Silicon-Based Nanostructures with Tuned Plasmonic Properties." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012128.
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Abstract An environment-friendly method of pulsed laser ablation in liquids is successfully employed for structural modification of silicon nanoparticles leading to a considerable narrowing of their size distribution accompanied with a reduction of the mean size. Contamination-free conditions of synthesis ensure the chemical purity of formed nanostructures that may reduce toxicity issues. Such a laser-induced modification leads to the appearance of plasmonic properties in semiconductor-based nanomaterials. Their spectral position can easily be varied in the whole visible range. Combined in one nanoparticle properties of semiconductors and noble metals can strongly promote applications of composite laser-synthesized nanoparticles for biosensing (using their plasmonic-based surface-enhanced ability) and bioimaging (using their both optical and magnetic abilities) purposes.
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John Chelliah, Cyril R. A., and Rajesh Swaminathan. "Current trends in changing the channel in MOSFETs by III–V semiconducting nanostructures." Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2017-0155.
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AbstractThe quest for high device density in advanced technology nodes makes strain engineering increasingly difficult in the last few decades. The mechanical strain and performance gain has also started to diminish due to aggressive transistor pitch scaling. In order to continue Moore’s law of scaling, it is necessary to find an effective way to enhance carrier transport in scaled dimensions. In this regard, the use of alternative nanomaterials that have superior transport properties for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) channel would be advantageous. Because of the extraordinary electron transport properties of certain III–V compound semiconductors, III–Vs are considered a promising candidate as a channel material for future channel metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. In this review, the importance of the III–V semiconductor nanostructured channel in MOSFET is highlighted with a proposed III–V GaN nanostructured channel (thickness of 10 nm); Al2O3 dielectric gate oxide based MOSFET is reported with a very low threshold voltage of 0.1 V and faster switching of the device.
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C, Vidya. "Nanomaterials For Hydrogen Generation: A Review." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 03 (March 10, 2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0263.
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Hydrogen is proving its potential as most appealing and eco friendly energy fuels. Theorganic reforming based nano-sized composites and nanocatalyst for photocatalytic water splitting applications are attracting growing interest in the prospect of hydrogen generation from solar energy with minimal environmental impact. Because of the higher surface area and sizedependent features, such as increased absorption coefficient,reduced carrier-scattering rate and increased band-gap energy, the nano- semiconductors have potential advantages in PEC applications when compared to bulk materials. Despite recent research in producing materials having high specific photoactivity, the conversion efficiencies from solar-to-hydrogen are still far from achieving the basic requirements for actual solar applications, according to a literature review. The paper begins by providing an overview of the conventional hydrogen generation techniques. This paper also examines current advances and challenges in water splitting methods based on Photo Electro Chemistry based nanomaterials and various ways for improving hydrogen evolution.
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Ameta, Rakshit, Dipti Soni, Surbhi Benjamin, Neelu Chouhan, and Suresh C. Ameta. "Nano-Sized Photocatalytic Materials for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage." Materials Science Forum 855 (May 2016): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.855.58.
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World is presently facing two major problems: Energy crisis and ever increasing environmental pollution as the fossil fuels used today are polluting the environment and these resources are limited only for a few coming decades. nanosized materials are being used these days to provide alternative energy sources to fossil fuels, which is environmentally clean also. The development of newer photocatalytic nanomaterials will enable us to produce and store solar energy in the form of hydrogen. Hydrogen has been advocated as the fuel of future and it can be produced by photo-splitting of water in presence of photocatalytic materials. nanosized photocatalytic materials have also been utilized in solar cells and photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (a step towards artificial photosynthesis). Although, the use of nanosized photocatalytic materials has long miles to go to compete with present day technology (Photovoltaics and use of fossil fules), but there is lot of hopes from this kind of material in years to come. This chapter deals with use of nanomaterials in conversion of solar energy into electricity, photogeneration of hydrogen, and photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Presently, majority of photovoltaic power comes from bulk semiconductors, and only a limited use has been made of nanosized semiconductors, but there is likely U-turn in coming decades so that nanosemiconductors will have an edge over bulk semiconductors.
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Pálmai, Marcell, Kyle Tomczak, and Preston Snee. "Enhanced Property Tunability of Doubly Doped Semiconductor Nanomaterials Using the Cluster Seed Method." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 20 (October 9, 2022): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0220902mtgabs.
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Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs) have great potential in applications for renewable energy generation due to their size-tunable redox potentials. They may be prepared with different morphologies and coated to create complex heterostructures. Doping of semiconductor nanomaterials is another mechanism to realize property tunability, and doped QDs are playing an increasing role in green energy generation applications. In 2013 our group reported a method to create a batch of doped quantum dots where each particle was embedded with the same number of guest ions, thus circumventing Poisson statistics. This was accomplished by nucleating the QD around an organometallic seed cluster that contains guest ions. As a result, each QD has the same number of dopants, which eliminates problems due to inhomogeneity of the guest ion stoichiometry. These materials were studied using time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which allows us to characterize the electronic and coordination structure in both the ground and excited states. Current research reveals the potential to doubly dope semiconductors using cluster seeding, and that the originating organometallic structure may be represented in the final material product. To this end, ZnCdSe nanowires were prepared in the presence of (MnTe)4 cluster seeds. The results reveal that Mn(2+) has been successfully incorporated into the host matrix, while temperature dependent optical measurements suggest significantly enhanced semiconductor exciton-magnetic dopant interactions in materials prepared by cluster seeding compared to doped control samples. This could be due to ferromagnetic Mn-Mn interactions in the host resulting from enhanced exchange coupling mediated by highly spin-orbit coupled tellurium bridging. Consequently, cluster seeding may be used to "dope the dopants", affording a heretofore unrealized method for developing designer materials with enhanced electronic and optical properties. Figure 1
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Liang, Lihong, Hansong Ma, and Yueguang Wei. "Size-Dependent Elastic Modulus and Vibration Frequency of Nanocrystals." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/670857.
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The elastic properties and the vibration characterization are important for the stability of materials and devices, especially for nanomaterials with potential and broad application. Nanomaterials show different properties from the corresponding bulk materials; the valid theoretical model about the size effect of the elastic modulus and the vibration frequency is significant to guide the application of nanomaterials. In this paper, a unified analytical model about the size-dependent elastic modulus and vibration frequency of nanocrystalline metals, ceramics and semiconductors is established based on the inherent lattice strain and the binding energy change of nanocrystals compared with the bulk crystals, and the intrinsic correlation between the elasticity and the vibration properties is discussed. The theoretical predictions for Cu, Ag, Si thin films, nanoparticles, andTiO2nanoparticles agree with the experimental results, the computational simulations, and the other theoretical models.
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Kmita, A., and A. Roczniak. "Implementation of Nanoparticles in Materials Applied in Foundry Engineering." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0116.
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Abstract The ceaseless progress of nanotechnology, observed in the last years, causes that nanomaterials are more and more often applied in several fields of industry, technique and medicine. E.g. silver nanoparticles are used in biomedicine for disinfection and polymer nanoparticles allow insulin transportation in pharmacology. New generation materials containing nanoparticles are also used in the chemical industry (their participation in the commercial market equals app. 53 %). Nanomaterials are used in electronics, among others for semiconductors production (e.g. for producing nanoink Ag, which conducts electric current). Nanomaterials, due to their special properties, are also used in the foundry industry in metallurgy (e.g. metal alloys with nanocrystalline precipitates), as well as in investment casting and in moulding and core sand technologies. Nanoparticles and containing them composites are applied in several technologies including foundry practice, automotive industry, medicine, dentistry etc. it is expected that their role and market share will be successively growing.
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Steinhauer, Stephan. "Gas Sensors Based on Copper Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review." Chemosensors 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9030051.
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Metal oxide semiconductors have found widespread applications in chemical sensors based on electrical transduction principles, in particular for the detection of a large variety of gaseous analytes, including environmental pollutants and hazardous gases. This review recapitulates the progress in copper oxide nanomaterial-based devices, while discussing decisive factors influencing gas sensing properties and performance. Literature reports on the highly sensitive detection of several target molecules, including volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen oxide from parts-per-million down to parts-per-billion concentrations are compared. Physico-chemical mechanisms for sensing and transduction are summarized and prospects for future developments are outlined.
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Ahmad, Tokeer, Sarvari Khatoon, and Ruby Phul. "A Review on Chemical Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Transition Metal Doped Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors." Solid State Phenomena 201 (May 2013): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.201.103.
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Nanomaterials have fascinated researchers in recent years because these materials exhibit unusual optical, magnetic and electrical properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. Incorporating impurity ions into a semiconducting host to extend its properties has been one of the most important techniques that paved the way for the modern technology based on spintronic devices. Over the past few years, oxide based dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have gained remarkable interest due to the possibility of inducing room temperature ferromagnetism. This review describes the experimental developments and optical properties of oxide based DMSs, including the recent results on ZnO, CdO and In2O3 based systems. Optical properties of transition metal (TM)-doped ZnO, CdO and In2O3 dilute magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles show red shift in energy band gaps. Such types of phenomena are attributed to sp-d exchange interactions between band electrons and localized d-electrons of the substituted transition metal ions. Table of Contents
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Prakash, Jai. "Mechanistic Insights into Graphene Oxide Driven Photocatalysis as Co-Catalyst and Sole Catalyst in Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants." Photochem 2, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem2030043.
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Photocatalysis is a promising route to utilize sunlight, which has been potentially used to solve energy as well as environmental problems with an emphasis on fundamental understanding and technological applications in society. Semiconductors are excellent photocatalysts but often show less efficient activities due to the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and very slow kinetics of surface photochemical reactions. However, recent advancements show promising strategies to improve their photocatalytic activities, including surface modifications using suitable co-catalysts and the development of novel efficient photocatalysts. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of such nanomaterials which shows multifarious roles in photocatalysis with a great potential to act as an independent solar-driven sole photocatalyst. In this minireview, the photochemistry of GO has been discussed in view of its multifarious roles/mechanisms in improving the photocatalytic activity of metal oxide semiconductors, plasmonic nanomaterials, and also their nanocomposites. In addition, recent advancements and applications of such GO-based photocatalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants, including engineering of GO as the sole photocatalyst, have been discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for the development of GO-based photocatalysts are discussed.
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Gupta, Akanksha, Rui Zhang, Pramod Kumar, Vinod Kumar, and Anup Kumar. "Nano-Structured Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors for Efficient Spintronics at Room Temperature." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6010015.
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In recent years, many efforts have been made to develop advanced metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials with exotic magnetic properties for modern applications w.r.t traditional analogues. Dilute magnetic semiconductor oxides (DMSOs) are promising candidates for superior control over the charge and spin degrees of freedom. DMSOs are transparent, wide band gap materials with induced ferromagnetism in doping, with a minor percentage of magnetic 3d cation to create a long-range antiferromagnetic order. Although significant efforts have been carried out to achieve DMSO with ferromagnetic properties above room temperature, it is a great challenge that still exists. However, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO and In2O3 with wide band gaps of 3.2, 3.6, 3.2 and 2.92 eV, respectively, can host a broad range of dopants to generate various compositions. Interestingly, a reduction in the size of these binary oxides can induce ferromagnetism, even at room temperature, due to the grain boundary, presence of defects and oxygen vacancies. The present review provides a panorama of the structural analysis and magnetic properties of DMSOs based on binary metal oxides nanomaterials with various ferromagnetic or paramagnetic dopants, e.g., Co, V, Fe and Ni, which exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behaviors at room temperature.
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Chidambaram, Siva, Karthikeyan Baskaran, Solomon J. Samuel, Baraneedaran Pari, Annie R. Sujatha, and Sivakumar Muthusamy. "Multifunctional Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications." Materials Science Forum 781 (March 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.781.1.
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Free identical nanoobjects include metals, semiconductors, magnetic materials, polymers, bio molecules, are integrated together to form as multifunctional nanomaterials (MFNs), in which more than one behaviour can be rendered simultaneously. This summary showcases their exciting properties which are providing the emerging properties in applications like visualizing and targeting in drug delivery, recoverable and reusable photocatalytic materials. Various application areas, where the multifunctional nanomaterials are now getting the constant place in cutting edge technologies, are highlighted. And also in this, various multifunctional materials and their criteria involving during the integration of assorted materials based on their properties and to be applied according to the requirements of the applications are also explained in detail.
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Wang, Yaxin, Zhi Tong, Yajie Zhou, Xueru Guo, Mingjiang Zhang, Shanshan Zhao, and Taotao Zhuang. "Chiral inorganic nanostructures for theranostics." JUSTC 53, no. 3 (2023): 0303. http://dx.doi.org/10.52396/justc-2022-0167.
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Inorganic chiral nanomaterials have attracted wide attention because of their superior physical properties and chiroptical activities. Great progress in chiral nanostructure preparation has been made, such as noble metals and semiconductors. In this review, we introduce several chiral nanomaterials with feasible biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity that are promising candidates for biological applications, and we focus on their preparation in terms of their circular dichroism (CD) effects and circular luminescence properties. Additionally, we summarize the working function of chiral nanostructures toward some common diseases with high prevalence, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), diabetes and even cancers. The introduction of inorganic chirality will provide a novel way to diagnose and treat these diseases.
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Ajiboye, Timothy O., Alex T. Kuvarega, and Damian C. Onwudiwe. "Recent Strategies for Environmental Remediation of Organochlorine Pesticides." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 6286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186286.
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The amount of organochlorine pesticides in soil and water continues to increase; their presence has surpassed maximum acceptable concentrations. Thus, the development of different removal strategies has stimulated a new research drive in environmental remediation. Different techniques such as adsorption, bioremediation, phytoremediation and ozonation have been explored. These techniques aim at either degrading or removal of the organochlorine pesticides from the environment but have different drawbacks. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a relatively new technique that has become popular due to its ability to completely degrade different toxic pollutants—instead of transferring them from one medium to another. The process is driven by a renewable energy source, and semiconductor nanomaterials are used to construct the light energy harvesting assemblies due to their rich surface states, large surface areas and different morphologies compared to their corresponding bulk materials. These make it a green alternative that is cost-effective for organochlorine pesticides degradation. This has also opened up new ways to utilize semiconductors and solar energy for environmental remediation. Herein, the focus of this review is on environmental remediation of organochlorine pesticides, the different techniques of their removal from the environment, the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques and the use of specific semiconductors as photocatalysts.
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VURUCUEL, Merve, Ali DURAN, Abdullah İNCİ, and Erkan YILMAZ. "Green Synthesis of C-quantum Dots Modified ZnO Nanophotocatalyst: The Effect of Different Solvents Used in Production of C-quantum Dots Modified ZnO Nanophotocatalyst on Photocatalytic Performance." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 43, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1138433.
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Access the quality and sufficient amount of water is started to being problem with population increasing. One of the way to behalf the solution of this problem is usage waste water treatment in industry and agriculture. Wastewater treatment methods have disadvantages of being costly and producing secondary pollutants, photocatalysis, which is one of the advanced oxidation methods that is more advantageous and effective in removing pollutants, is promising. The newest member of nanomaterial, C-quantum dots (CQDs) has been increasingly get attention on lots of field including photocatalyst. Semiconductors are commonly used in photocatalysis however, they have electron pair recombination problem that results decreasing of efficiency. Doping semiconductors with different nanomaterials is one of the easiest ways to get over the problem. Recently CQDs has been started to used as dopping agent. Solvothermal method is among the easiest and environmentally friendly methods in nanomaterial synthesis. In this study, the effect of dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol and water as solvothermal solvent on the photocatalytic efficiency of C-modified ZnO nanoparticles (CQDs@ZnO NPs) was investigated for the first time in the literature. Photocatalytic performance of CQDs@ZnO NPs was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Angora mohair has been used as a CQDs source for the first time in the literature. Photocatalytic degradation performances of CQDs@ZnO NPs for MB at 300 min were 82.4%, 87.6% and 99% for ethylene glycol-water mixture, DMSO and DMF, respectively. The results proved that solvent type for solvothermal synthesis procedure has important role for photocatalytic performance of CQDs@ZnO NPs.
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Dediu, Violeta, Jana Ghitman, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Kiat Hwa Chan, Florina Silvia Iliescu, and Ciprian Iliescu. "Trends in Photothermal Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (May 27, 2023): 9375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119375.
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The rapid development of antimicrobial resistance due to broad antibiotic utilisation in the healthcare and food industries and the non-availability of novel antibiotics represents one of the most critical public health issues worldwide. Current advances in nanotechnology allow new materials to address drug-resistant bacterial infections in specific, focused, and biologically safe ways. The unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and wide range of adaptability of nanomaterials that exhibit photothermal capability can be employed to develop the next generation of photothermally induced controllable hyperthermia as antibacterial nanoplatforms. Here, we review the current state of the art in different functional classes of photothermal antibacterial nanomaterials and strategies to optimise antimicrobial efficiency. The recent achievements and trends in developing photothermally active nanostructures, including plasmonic metals, semiconductors, and carbon-based and organic photothermal polymers, and antibacterial mechanisms of action, including anti-multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm removal, will be discussed. Insights into the mechanisms of the photothermal effect and various factors influencing photothermal antimicrobial performance, emphasising the structure–performance relationship, are discussed. We will examine the photothermal agents’ functionalisation for specific bacteria, the effects of the near-infrared light irradiation spectrum, and active photothermal materials for multimodal synergistic-based therapies to minimise side effects and maintain low costs. The most relevant applications are presented, such as antibiofilm formation, biofilm penetration or ablation, and nanomaterial-based infected wound therapy. Practical antibacterial applications employing photothermal antimicrobial agents, alone or in synergistic combination with other nanomaterials, are considered. Existing challenges and limitations in photothermal antimicrobial therapy and future perspectives are presented from the structural, functional, safety, and clinical potential points of view.
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Yao, Sai, Xingzhong Yuan, Longbo Jiang, Ting Xiong, and Jin Zhang. "Recent Progress on Fullerene-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132924.
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Solar light is an inexpensive energy source making up for energy shortage and solving serious environmental problems. For efficient utilization of solar energy, photocatalytic materials have attracted extensive attention over the last decades. As zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, fullerenes (C60, C70, etc.) have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications. Due to their unique properties, fullerenes can be used with other semiconductors as photocatalyst enhancers, and also as novel photocatalysts after being dispersed on non-semiconductors. This review summarizes fullerene-based materials (including fullerene/semiconductors and fullerene/non-semiconductors) for photocatalytic applications, such as water splitting, Cr (VI) reduction, pollutant degradation and bacterial disinfection. Firstly, the optical and electronic properties of fullerene are presented. Then, recent advances in the synthesis and photocatalytic mechanisms of fullerene-based photocatalysts are summarized. Furthermore, the effective performances of fullerene-based photocatalysts are discussed, mainly concerning photocatalytic H2 generation and pollutant removal. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of fullerene-based photocatalysts are proposed. It is expected that this review could bring a better understanding of fullerene-based photocatalysts for water treatment and environmental protection.
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Jain, Rahul, and K. M Singh. "Optical and Electronic Properties of II-VI Group Semiconductor Nanomaterials from Energy Gaps." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (August 4, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.16813.
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A simple relation between the energy gap and refractive index is given for II-VI group semiconductors. Optical and electronic properties are evaluated by proposing a relation between energy gap and refractive index. The computed values are in fair agreement with the experimental values and earlier researches. This work emphasizes the understanding of interrelation between these parameters.
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Rozhkova, Elena. "Nano-Bio Assemblies Based on Natural and Artificial Proton Pump for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1893.
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Bioinspired photocatalytic transformation of solar energy and water to clean fuels such as hydrogen using semiconductors is among the most promising renewable energy technologies. “Greener” schemes of photocatalytic visible-light hydrogen production along with inorganic material utilize biological structures capable of light-harvesting, water splitting, or proton reduction. We have been developing visible-light-driven nano-bio photocatalysts for hydrogen production based on non-covalent assemblies of the natural and synthetic membrane proton pump and TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles. A natural membrane complex of retinal-bearing proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (also known as purple membranes, PM) from the extremophile organism Halobacterium salinarum has been attracting an attention of researchers owing to its exceptional robustness, excellent photophysical properties, and structure−functional elegance. We demonstrated applicability of PMs in sunlight transformation systems constructed from TiO2, boosted with introduction of reduced graphene oxide rGO, or more recently, constructed as entirely synthetic PM – semiconductor architecture using cell-free synthetic biology approach. Fusing nanotechnology and synthetic biology approaches allows for systemic manipulation at the nanoparticle−bio interface toward directed evolution of energy nanomaterials and nanosystems. S. Balasubraanian, P. Wang, R. Schaller, T. Rajh, E.A. Rozhkova, NanoLetters 13, 3365−3371 (2013) P. Wang, N.M. Dimitrijevic, A.Y. Chang, R.D. Schaller, Y. Liu, T. Rajh, E.A. Rozhkova, ACS Nano, 8(8), 7995-8002 (2014) P. Wang, A. Y. Chang, V. Novosad, V. V. Chupin, R.D. Schaller, E. A. Rozhkova, ACS Nano, 11 (7), pp 6739–6745 (2017) E.A. Rozhkova, P. Wang. In Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Chemistry, 12, 195-227 (2016)
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Xie, Ling-Hai, Su-Hui Yang, Jin-Yi Lin, Ming-Dong Yi, and Wei Huang. "Fluorene-based macromolecular nanostructures and nanomaterials for organic (opto)electronics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 2000 (October 13, 2013): 20120337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0337.
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Nanotechnology not only opens up the realm of nanoelectronics and nanophotonics, but also upgrades organic thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. In this review, we introduce polymer semiconductors and plastic electronics briefly, followed by various top-down and bottom-up nano approaches to organic electronics. Subsequently, we highlight the progress in polyfluorene-based nanoparticles and nanowires (nanofibres), their tunable optoelectronic properties as well as their applications in polymer light-emitting devices, solar cells, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, lasers, optical waveguides and others. Finally, an outlook is given with regard to four-element complex devices via organic nanotechnology and molecular manufacturing that will spread to areas such as organic mechatronics in the framework of robotic-directed science and technology.
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Nguyen, Minh T., Richard A. Jones, and Bradley J. Holliday. "Direct synthesis of CdSe nanocrystals within a conducting metallopolymer: toward improving charge transfer in hybrid nanomaterials." Chemical Communications 52, no. 89 (2016): 13112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc07193g.
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CdSe nanocrystals were synthesized directly from Cd(ii) ions coordinated to the backbone of a conducting polymer. The resulting nanocrystals are in direct electronic communication with the polymer leading to effective charge transfer between the two semiconductors.
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Gurbatov, Stanislav, Vladislav Puzikov, Evgeny Modin, Alexander Shevlyagin, Andrey Gerasimenko, Eugeny Mitsai, Sergei A. Kulinich, and Aleksandr Kuchmizhak. "Ag-Decorated Si Microspheres Produced by Laser Ablation in Liquid: All-in-One Temperature-Feedback SERS-Based Platform for Nanosensing." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228091.
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Combination of dissimilar materials such as noble metals and common semiconductors within unified nanomaterials holds promise for optoelectronics, catalysis and optical sensing. Meanwhile, difficulty of obtaining such hybrid nanomaterials using common lithography-based techniques stimulates an active search for advanced, inexpensive, and straightforward fabrication methods. Here, we report one-pot one-step synthesis of Ag-decorated Si microspheres via nanosecond laser ablation of monocrystalline silicon in isopropanol containing AgNO3. Laser ablation of bulk silicon creates the suspension of the Si microspheres that host further preferential growth of Ag nanoclusters on their surface upon thermal-induced decomposition of AgNO3 species by subsequently incident laser pulses. The amount of the AgNO3 in the working solution controls the density, morphology, and arrangement of the Ag nanoclusters allowing them to achieve strong and uniform decoration of the Si microsphere surface. Such unique morphology makes Ag-decorated Si microspheres promising for molecular identification based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. In particular, the designed single-particles sensing platform was shown to offer temperature-feedback modality as well as SERS signal enhancement up to 106, allowing reliable detection of the adsorbed molecules and tracing their plasmon-driven catalytic transformations. Considering the ability to control the decoration degree of Si microspheres by Ag nanoclusters via amount of the AgNO3, the developed one-pot easy-to-implement PLAL synthesis holds promise for gram-scale production of high-quality hybrid nanomaterial for various nanophotonics and sensing applications.