Academic literature on the topic 'Nanomaterials - Inorganic Chemistry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nanomaterials - Inorganic Chemistry"
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Garnweitner, Georg, and Markus Niederberger. "Organic chemistry in inorganic nanomaterials synthesis." J. Mater. Chem. 18, no. 11 (2008): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b713775c.
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Bilecka, Idalia, and Markus Niederberger. "Microwave chemistry for inorganic nanomaterials synthesis." Nanoscale 2, no. 8 (2010): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9nr00377k.
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Ananikov, Valentine P. "Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091197.
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The paramount progress in the field of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials was stimulated by numerous applications in chemistry, physics, life sciences, medicine, and technology. Currently, in the field of hybrid materials, researchers may choose either to mimic complex natural materials or to compete with nature by constructing new artificial materials. The deep mechanistic understanding and structural insight achieved in recent years will guide a new wave in the design of hybrid materials at the atomic and molecular levels.
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Whittingham, M. Stanley. "Inorganic nanomaterials for batteries." Dalton Transactions, no. 40 (2008): 5424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b806372a.
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Vianello, Fabio, Alessandro Cecconello, and Massimiliano Magro. "Toward the Specificity of Bare Nanomaterial Surfaces for Protein Corona Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147625.
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Aiming at creating smart nanomaterials for biomedical applications, nanotechnology aspires to develop a new generation of nanomaterials with the ability to recognize different biological components in a complex environment. It is common opinion that nanomaterials must be coated with organic or inorganic layers as a mandatory prerequisite for applications in biological systems. Thus, it is the nanomaterial surface coating that predominantly controls the nanomaterial fate in the biological environment. In the last decades, interdisciplinary studies involving not only life sciences, but all branches of scientific research, provided hints for obtaining uncoated inorganic materials able to interact with biological systems with high complexity and selectivity. Herein, the fragmentary literature on the interactions between bare abiotic materials and biological components is reviewed. Moreover, the most relevant examples of selective binding and the conceptualization of the general principles behind recognition mechanisms were provided. Nanoparticle features, such as crystalline facets, density and distribution of surface chemical groups, and surface roughness and topography were encompassed for deepening the comprehension of the general concept of recognition patterns.
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Aili, Daniel, and Molly M. Stevens. "Bioresponsive peptide–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials." Chemical Society Reviews 39, no. 9 (2010): 3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b919461b.
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Kumar, Santosh, Zhi Wang, Wen Zhang, Xuecheng Liu, Muyang Li, Guoru Li, Bingyuan Zhang, and Ragini Singh. "Optically Active Nanomaterials and Its Biosensing Applications—A Review." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010085.
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This article discusses optically active nanomaterials and their optical biosensing applications. In addition to enhancing their sensitivity, these nanomaterials also increase their biocompatibility. For this reason, nanomaterials, particularly those based on their chemical compositions, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic-based nanomaterials, organic-based nanomaterials, and composite-based nanomaterials for biosensing applications are investigated thoroughly. These nanomaterials are used extensively in the field of fiber optic biosensing to improve response time, detection limit, and nature of specificity. Consequently, this article describes contemporary and application-based research that will be of great use to researchers in the nanomaterial-based optical sensing field. The difficulties encountered during the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials are also enumerated, and their future prospects are outlined for the reader’s benefit.
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Harish, Vancha, Md Mustafiz Ansari, Devesh Tewari, Manish Gaur, Awadh Bihari Yadav, María-Luisa García-Betancourt, Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem, Mikhael Bechelany, and Ahmed Barhoum. "Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Synthesis and Controlled Growth Methods." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 3226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183226.
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Nanomaterials are materials with one or more nanoscale dimensions (internal or external) (i.e., 1 to 100 nm). The nanomaterial shape, size, porosity, surface chemistry, and composition are controlled at the nanoscale, and this offers interesting properties compared with bulk materials. This review describes how nanomaterials are classified, their fabrication, functionalization techniques, and growth-controlled mechanisms. First, the history of nanomaterials is summarized and then the different classification methods, based on their dimensionality (0–3D), composition (carbon, inorganic, organic, and hybrids), origin (natural, incidental, engineered, bioinspired), crystal phase (single phase, multiphase), and dispersion state (dispersed or aggregated), are presented. Then, the synthesis methods are discussed and classified in function of the starting material (bottom-up and top-down), reaction phase (gas, plasma, liquid, and solid), and nature of the dispersing forces (mechanical, physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological). Finally, the challenges in synthesizing nanomaterials for research and commercial use are highlighted.
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Yang, Hualin, Yu Zhou, and Juewen Liu. "Porphyrin metalation catalyzed by DNAzymes and nanozymes." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 9 (2021): 2183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qi00105a.
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In this review, DNA and nanomaterial based catalysts for porphyrin metalation reactions are summarized, including the selection of DNAzymes, choice of nanomaterials, their catalytic mechanisms, and applications of the reactions.
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Xu, Yanzhao. "Representative Inorganic Nanomaterials and Liposomes in Cosmetics." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (December 30, 2022): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.4030.
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Nanomaterials are defined as materials ranging from 1nm to 100nm in at least one dimension or with internal nanostructures in bulk materials but showing distinct properties. Since the 20th century, when the feasibility of nanotechnology had been attested, nanomaterials’ applications have radiated to various fields involving electronics, physics, chemistry, processing, biology, and measurement. Moreover, inspired by the physicochemical properties and targeted effects of nanomaterials in therapy and medicine, the anticipated applications in cosmetics are well-developed. Herein, the transparency and enhanced absorption of nano titanium dioxide/zinc oxide, the antibacterial property of nanosilver/nanogold, and the stability, increased penetration, and biocompatibility of liposomes in cosmetics are summarized. Besides, the existing problems such as security assessment, elevatable loading efficiency, and usage are classified. Particularly, the focus is on the mechanism of liposomes, preparation, routes of penetration, and liposome-cell interactions. This article intended better to understand the principles of nanomaterials behind cosmetic applications and get alerted to the inconclusive security.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanomaterials - Inorganic Chemistry"
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Alharthi, Fahad Ahmed A. "New inorganic nanomaterials for low-voltage transistor applications." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16517.
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This research aims to synthesise and characterise solution-processable high-k dielectric nanorods, which are potentially suitable for use as the dielectric layer in low-voltage Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) applications. Oleic acid-stabilised titanium dioxide nanorods (TiO2-OA), metal-doped anatase titanium oxide (TiO2-OA-M; M=Nb, In, or Nb/In) nanorods, rutile titanium oxide nanorods (TiO2) and barium titanium oxide nanorods (BaTiO3) have been prepared and investigated. Solution processable oleic acid-stabilised titanium dioxide nanorods (TiO2-OA) have been prepared by hydrolysis of titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) with oleic acid (OA) as surfactant in the presence of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Furthermore, a series of ligand exchange reactions were carried out to replace the oleic acid bonded on the surface of TiO2-OA with diethyl 2-phenylethyl phosphonate (DEPPNA), octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) or octylphosphonic acid (OPA). The ligand exchange rate was characterised by a combination of 31P liquid NMR, ICP, CHN, and FT-IR. The solubility of the ligand-exchanged products in chlorobenzene was also investigated. A novel method based on the co-hydrolysis of titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and niobium or/and indium isopropoxide or ethoxide has been investigated to prepare solution-processable, oleic acid- stabilised, niobium- and indium-doped, anatase TiO2 nanorods (TiO2-OA-M; M = Nb, In or Nb/In). The effect of niobium and indium precursors, the molar ratio of Nb or In precursors/TTIP and reaction time on the composition, structure and morphology of the Nb or In doped TiO2 products have been investigated by a combination of XPS, XRD, ICP, CHN, FT-IR and TEM. Furthermore, a series of ligand exchange reactions were carried out to replace the oleic acid, which is bonded on the surface of TiO2-OA-M, with diethyl 2-phenylethyl phosphonate (DEPPNA) or octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA). The solubility of the products in chlorobenzene was also investigated. Rutile titanium dioxide nanorods with different sizes were prepared by three different approaches. In the first approach,hair-like rutile nanorods TiO2 were prepared by simple hydrolysis of a TiOCl2 solution at low temperature (50, 70 and 90 °C). In the second approach, rutile nanorods TiO2 with a length of 150-200 nm and a width of 25-40 nm were prepared by using a hydrothermal treatment of TiOCl2 at 220 °C. In the third approach, rutile nanorods TiO2 with length of 80 nm and diameter of 20 nm were prepared by using an hydrothermal reaction of TiOCl2 in the presence of 3-hydroxytyramine hydrogen chloride, [(HO)2C6H3CH2CH2NH2·HCl] at 150°C. In order to improve the solubility of the obtained rutile titanium dioxide nanorods in organic solvents, different surface-modification methods have been investigated to coat the surface of the rutile titanium dioxide nanorods with various organic ligands. In the first method, a modification of the TiO2 nanorods with oleic acid (OA) in chlorobenzene was investigated. In the second method, a two-stage treatment of TiO2 nanorods in an acidic medium was studied, using a selection of oleic acid (OA), diethyl 2-phenylethyl phosphonate (DEPPNA), octylphosphonic acid (OPA) and decylphosphonic acid (ODPA) as ligands. In the third method, wet TiO2 nanorods before dry was directly modified with a range of oleic acid and amines, e.g., octylamine, dodecylamine and hexadecylamine, as ligands. All the products were characterized by a combination of XRD, ICP, CHN, FT-IR and TEM. The preparation of barium titanium oxide nanorods (BaTiO3) has been investigated by different approaches. In the first approach, a hydrothermal reaction was carried out to convert the titanium dioxide nanorods prepared in the first and third parts in this research into BaTiO3 nanorods. The effect of the molar ratio of Ba/Ti, the reaction pH, reaction time and temperature on the composition, structure and morphology of the products were fully investigated. In the second approach, a hydrothermal reaction using a single source Ba/Ti precursor, i.e., barium titanium ethylhexano-isoproxide BaTi(O2CC7H15)(OC3H7)5, was carried out to prepare barium titanium oxide nanorods. In the third approach, barium titanium oxide nanorods were prepared by using a hydrothermal reaction between barium chloride (BaCl2) and titanium oxy chloride (TiOCl2) in the presence of ethylene glycol as surfactant. All the products have been characterised by a combination of XRD, ICP, CHN, FT-IR and TEM.
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Tsui, Hei Man. "Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Cabides and Oxides Nanomaterials." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5366.
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The design and development of nanoparticles is of great interest in the current energy and electronic industry. However, based on the current materials available the production cost can be high with insignificant magnetic and mechanical properties. Specifically, rare-earth magnetic materials composed of neodymium and samarium are known for their high magnetic performance, however, due to the cost of development there is a need to develop a versatile and cost effective material. Alternatively, cobalt carbide nanomaterials have shown to be a promising alternative for rare-earth free magnets as they exhibit comparable properties as hexaferrite magnetic materials. The primary goal of this dissertation focuses on the development of nanoparticles for permeant magnetic, and magnetic refrigeration applications. The first part of this work focuses on the synthesis of cobalt carbide (CoxC, x=2,3) nanoparticles using a novel polyol synthesis method by introducing a small amount of Ru, Cu, or Au as nucleating agent. It was found that the morphology and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized CoxC nanoparticles change as a result of directional growth of nanoparticles using nucleating agents. Needle-like particle morphology ranges from 20-50 nm in width and as long as 1 µm in length were synthesized using Ru as nucleating agent. These particles exhibit magnetization saturation of 33.5 emu/g with a coercivity of 2870 Oe and a maximum energy product 1.92 MGOe (BHmax) observed. Particle morphology is a critical aspect in the development of magnetic nanoparticles as anisotropic particles have shown increased coercivity and magnetic properties. These CoxC nanomaterials have a higher maximum energy product compared to previous work providing further insight into the development of non-rare earth magnetic material.
The second part of this dissertation work focuses on the sol-gel synthesis of perovskite LaCaMnO3 (LCMO) nanomaterials. In this process, various chain lengths of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added into a solution consisting of La, Ca, and Mn salts. The solution was left for the gelation process, and high temperature sintering to obtain the final product. By varying the polymer chain of the PEG, the size of the as synthesized LaCaMnO3 nanomaterials were altered. The as-synthesized LCMO nanomaterials have shown a maximum change in magnetic entropy (-ΔSM) was found to be 19.3 Jkg-1K-1 at 278 K for a field change of 0-3 T and 8.7 Jkg-1K-1 for a field change of 0-1 T. This is a significant improvement in comparison to current literature of the material suggesting that this is a promising alternative to Gd materials that is prone to oxidation. With additional development, LCMO or related maganites could lead to application in commercial technologies.
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Berestok, Taisiia. "Assembly of colloidal nanocrystals into porous nanomaterials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663275.
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This thesis focuses on different aspects of NCs colloidal synthesis, the exploration of the relevant surface chemistries that afford NC assembly and the NC implementation into porous nanomaterials.
The work is divided into two blocks. The first block is devoted to developing and optimizing the synthesis of NCs followed by the examination of their suitability for potential applications in catalysis and photocatalysis. The second block is dedicated to establish procedures to fabricate single-component or multicomponent porous nanomaterials from NC building blocks. To embrace the use of the developed strategies in different application fields, several kind of materials were under research. Namely, metals (e.g. Au), metal oxides (e.g. CeO2, TiO2, Fe2O3), metal chalcogenides (e.g. In2S3, ZnS, PbS, CuGaS2 and Cu2ZnSnSe4), and their composites.
CeO2 NCs synthesis was deeply investigated with the aim to achieve a proper control on the NCs morphology, facets exposed, crystal phase, composition, etc., required for application. Overall, CeO2 NCs with spherical, octapod-like branched, cubic hyperbranched, and kite-like morphology with sizes in the range 7 to 45 nm were produced by adjusting experimental conditions of the synthetic protocol. Branched and hyperbranched NCs showed higher surface areas, porosities and oxygen capacity storage values compared to quasi-spherical NCs.
The NCs morphology-controlled synthesis has been extended to quaternary Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe). CZTSe NCs with narrow size distribution and controlled composition were produced. It was shown how off-stoichiometric CZTSe compositions were characterized by higher charge carrier concentrations and thus electrical conductivities.
The strategy to functionalize the metal oxide NC surface composition by applying different ligands is proposed. This enables to develop a novel approach to assemble metal oxide NCs into porous gel and aerogel structures. Propylene oxide has been found to trigger the gelation process of glutamine functionalized NCs. The detailed investigation of the gelation mechanism is demonstrated for the case of ceria. The method is applied for NCs with different morphologies. Eventually, the versatility of the concept is proved by using of the proposed approach for the TiO2 and Fe2O3 nanocrystals.
The assembly method has been extended to metal chalcogenides - In2S3 NCs - starting from the NCs synthesis, with further surface chemistry manipulation and eventually follows by the NC assembly into gels and aerogels. The optimization of NC surface chemistry was achieved by testing different ligand exchange approaches via applying short-chain organic and inorganic ligands. The assembly method based on ligand desorption from the NC surface and chalcogenide-chalcogenide bond formation has been established for In2S3. The comparison of the different ligands impact on the NC performance in colloidal form, when assembled into gels and when supported onto substrate is investigated towards photoelectrocatalysis.
The oxidative ligand desorption assembly approach has been extended for multicomponent NCs for the case of CuGaS2 and CuGaS2-ZnS. Optimization of spin-coating process of the formed NCs inks followed by applying of sol-gel chemistry led to formation of highly porous layers from TGA-CuGaS2 and TGA-ZnS. Applied results of CuGaS2/ZnS nanocrystal-based bilayers and CuGaS2–ZnS nanocrystal-based composite layers have been shown by testing their photoelectrochemical energy conversion capabilities.
The approach to adjust NC surface chemistry has been proposed and tested for performing multicomponent NC assemblies. Applying of different ligands for NC surface functionalization endows their surface with different charges which usually provides colloidal NCs stabilization. It has been found that mixing of oppositely
charged NCs with certain concentration enabled their assembly/gelation via electrostatic interaction. The proposed approach has been applied and optimized to produce multicomponent NC gels and aerogels. The detailed investigation of the gelation mechanism is shown for combination of metal-metal oxide and metal oxide-metal chalcogenide NCs (Au-CeO2, CeO2-PbS). Applied results of the Au-CeO2 aerogels were demonstrated for CO-oxidation.Esta tesis se centra en la síntesis coloidal de nanocristales (NCs), en la exploración de su química de superficie y en su ensabanado en nanomateriales porosos funcionales. Para demostrar la versatilidad de aplicación de dichas estructuras, en este estudio se han considerado NCs de distintos tipos de materiales: metales (Au), óxidos metálicos (CeO2, TiO2, Fe2O3), calcogenuros metálicos (In2S3, ZnS, PbS, CuGaS2,Cu2ZnSnSe4) y sus materiales compuestos. El trabajo se dividió en dos bloques. En el primero se desarrolló y optimizó la síntesis de NCs de óxidos y calcogenuros metálicos y se evaluó su potencial para aplicaciones de catálisis y fotocatálisis. Se investigó en profundidad la síntesis de NCs de CeO2, poniendo énfasis en controlar su morfología. Se consiguió producir NCs de CeO2 de forma controlada (esférica, octapodo ramificado, cúbico ramificado y romboidal) y con tamaño controlado (7-45 nm). Asimismo, se obtuvieron NCs de Cu2ZnSnSe4 con una fina distribución de tamaños y composición controlada. En el segundo bloque se establecieron y estudiaron procedimientos para fabricar nanomateriales porosos mono- o multicomponentes a partir del ensamblado de NCs. Se desarrolló una estrategia basada en el ajuste de la química de superficie de NCs de óxidos metálicos (CeO2, Fe2O3,TiO2) y de calcogenuros metálicos (In2S3, CuGaS2-ZnS) que permitió su ensamblaje controlado en estructuras porosas de tipo gel y aerogel. En el caso de los óxidos metálicos, se determinó que el ensamblado se inicia con la adición de un epóxido a NCs funcionalizados con glutamina, causando la gelación. La desorción oxidativa de ligandos basada en la formación de enlaces calcogenuro-calcogenuro se propuso como mecanismo de gelación en calcogenuros mono- (In2S3) y multicomponente (CuGaS2-ZnS). Se investigó el impacto del empleo de distintos ligandos en la eficiencia foto-electrocatalítica de NCs en forma coloidal, ensamblados en geles y soportados en sustratos. Se desarrolló y estudió el ajuste de la química de superficie de NCs para la obtención de ensamblajes multicomponente mediante interacción electrostática de coloides en suspensión. El mecanismo de gelación fue investigado al detalle para materiales compuestos de NCs de oxido metálico (CeO2) con NCs de óxido de calcogenuro (PbS-CeO2) y metálicos (Au-CeO2). Los aerogeles de Au-CeO2 demostraron potencial para la oxidación de CO.
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Lisowski, Carmen Ellen 1978. "Hybrid organic/inorganic nanomaterials: Development of malonamide-functionalized nanoparticles designed for lanthanide ion detection." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10523.
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xviii, 174 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Hybrid nanoscale complexes incorporate the attributes of organic and inorganic components to yield novel multifunctional materials. Because the individual components themselves and the combinations used can be widely varied to tune the properties of the resulting complex, the potential for new properties and practical applications is nearly limitless. However, widespread use of these materials relies on appropriate design, synthesis and characterization strategies to ensure proper function and compositional integrity. This dissertation describes the chemistry of these hybrids, made possible by combining organic ligands, inorganic nanoparticles, and metal ions, and the interesting optical and spectroscopic properties associated with the hybrid nanomaterials. Organic ligands containing Bunte salt and acyclic malonamide functionalities were attached to gold nanoparticles to produce colorimetric sensors for lanthanide ion detection. Bunte salt functionality stabilizes the gold core and malonamide functionality offers selective and sensitive lanthanide ion binding. The binding interaction controls a nanoparticle cross-linking event that changes the color of the nanoparticle solution, resulting in visual, colorimetric lanthanide ion detection. Next, the concentration of malonamide ligand was diluted and replaced with a diluent ligand yielding nanoparticles stabilized with a mixed ligand composition. The mixed ligand environment makes the optical response of the colorimetric sensor reversible. Furthermore, the use of Bunte salt ligands during nanoparticle synthesis has allowed the investigation of the role of reducing agent on nanoparticle stability. In addition to exploring interactions pertaining to gold nanoparticle complexes, a new approach to sensitize europium ion luminescence was developed by fabricating a zinc oxide/europium complex. A molecular linker permits simultaneous zinc oxide nanoparticle functionalization and trivalent europium binding in order to tether the europium ion close to the nanoparticle surface. The zinc oxide nanoparticle can then act as an inorganic antenna, transferring energy to the europium ion and enhancing its luminescence. Finally, a strategy was developed to synthesize bifunctional bicyclic malonamides. Synthesis of these ligands allows the enhanced f-block ion binding affinity of bicyclic malonamides to be incorporated into functional materials to compare their performance to our previously prepared acyclic malonamide hybrid complexes. This dissertation includes my previously published and co-authored materials.
Committee in charge: Darren Johnson, Chairperson, Chemistry; James Hutchison, Advisor, Chemistry; Catherine Page, Member, Chemistry; Michael Haley, Member, Chemistry; Barbara Roy, Outside Member, Biology
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Huba, Zachary. "Synthesis and characterization of cobalt carbide based nanomaterials." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3320.
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Permanent magnets are used heavily for multiple applications in industry and current electronic technologies. However, the current permanent landscape is muddled by high cost of materials and insufficient magnetic or thermal properties. The primary focus of this dissertation work is the synthesis and optimization of a new permanent magnetic material, in the form of cobalt carbide nanomaterials. The optimization revolved around controlling the crystal phase and particle shape of synthesized cobalt carbide particles; these parameters have significant impact on the observed magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles. Co3C was identified to be the preferred crystal phase, leading to better magnetic properties. Cobalt Fumarate was found to be the ideal precursor to synthesize anisotropic Co3C particles and enhance magnetic properties of the synthesized cobalt carbide particles. Lastly, an ethanol based reduction system was employed to develop the greener synthesis of Co and Ni magnetic particles.
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Buckley, Hannah C. "Applications of layered double hydroxides as inorganic adjuvants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:353bd7f3-89ed-4392-9b71-64a27c271522.
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The primary aim of this thesis is to explore the immunostimulatory properties of a family of layered, crystalline, inorganic materials known as layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Chapter One provides an introduction to relevant aspects of the immune system, and the context for investigating the immunostimulatory properties of inorganic materials in terms of vaccine/adjuvant formulations. The possible mechanisms of action of commercial adjuvant materials are also reviewed, and the structure, synthesis methods and applications of LDHs are discussed. Chapter Two details the controlled synthesis and characterisation of LDHs in specific particle sizes. A series of MgAl-CO3 LDHs with precisely controlled particle sizes ranging from 20 to 10000 nm were successfully synthesised, then the techniques used were extended to other compositions to create a panel of LDHs for use in subsequent Chapters. In Chapter Three, the responses of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) to the LDH particle sizes discussed in Chapter Two are assessed in terms of viability, surface molecule expression, and cytokine secretion. A statistical modelling approach using the physicochemical properties of the LDHs as explanatory variables for immune responses was employed to evaluate the validity of the model formulated in the previous work, and to establish if particle size could be used to improve its predictive ability. It was found that strong relationships between LDH particle size and certain Mo-DC responses exist, and that these responses could be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. Chapter Four is concerned with the investigation of T cell responses to LDH-stimulated allogeneic Mo-DC. Various methods were used for assessing T cell division and proliferation, and a protocol for intracellular cytokine staining was developed to probe T cell polarisation. Five LDHs, which have elicited potentially interesting T cell responses in previous work, were selected for investigation. However, using the assays described, no discernible improvement in proliferation or polarisation was observed with any of the LDHs tested. Chapter Five presents an initial exploration of the interactions between LDH particles and cells. Experiments have shown that LDH particles both adhere to and are internalised by Mo-DC. Variations in the extent of internalisation with both particle size and composition were highlighted by confocal microscopy studies. Through investigations into interactions between LDH particles and the plasma membrane using protease enzymes, it was revealed that adhesion of LDH particles is partly protein-dependent. Further studies have also demonstrated a pH-dependent element to particle association with Mo-DC. Details of the experimental procedures employed are included in Chapter Six. Supplementary information referred to in the main thesis may be found in the Appendices.
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Skowron, Stephen T. "Irradiation induced reactions in carbon nanomaterials in transmission electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34629/.
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Aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the structural characterisation of materials at the atomic scale, but the passage of high velocity electrons through the material can often induce structural changes via the transfer of large amounts of energy from the beam. The work in this thesis theoretically considers the nature of this transfer of energy and its impact upon the material being studied. The computational modelling of molecular species encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes and their response to electron irradiation is compared to results from TEM experiments, and used to explain the experimental observations. The high rate of destruction of C-H bonds under the beam is quantified, and its implications for TEM studies of organic materials considered. An effective solution for mitigating this rate of destruction is found, applied to a model system, and then confirmed experimentally. Using the considerations of stability under the beam, two experimentally witnessed reactions are investigated in detail, and careful comparison to intermediate structures observed in TEM allows full reaction mechanisms to be proposed. The dynamic motion of atomic defects in irradiated graphene is considered with the aid of a large library of experimental TEM images. A novel defect structure is observed, and is seen to undergo structural rearrangements on a quicker time-scale than accessible to TEM imaging. This species enables the very quick migration of defect structures across the graphene lattice, and is attributed to a trivacancy structure. The rates of beam induced reactions are considered in the framework of chemical kinetics, and a method for extracting kinetic parameters of a reaction from the statistics of a large number of TEM observations of it occurring is developed. This is used to obtain the first cross-sections for the formation and healing of the irradiation induced Stone-Wales bond rotation, and the first experimental activation energy for its healing. The latter agrees well with a theoretically predicted mechanism of catalysis, while the former demonstrates that the widely assumed process of direct knock-on damage cannot be responsible for the beam induced reaction. An alternative mechanism is proposed, resulting from the electronic excitation of the defect.
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Di, Pasqua Anthony J. "Carboplatin Exploring mechanism of action and improved drug delivery 1. Role of carbonate in the mechanism of action of carboplatin 2. Cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica nanomaterials /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Ma, Hui. "Nanomaterials for Biological Applications: Drug Delivery and Bio-sensing." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1647.
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The idea of utilizing nanomaterials in bio-related applications has been extensively practiced during the recent decades. Magnetic nanoparticles (MPs), especially superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been demonstrated as promising candidates for biomedicine. A protective coating process with biocompatible materials is commonly performed on MPs to further enhance their colloidal and chemical stability in the physiological environment. Mesoporous hollow silica is another class of important nanomaterials that are extensively studied in drug delivery area for their ability to carry significant amount of guest molecules and release in a controlled manner.
In this study, different synthetic approaches that are able to produce hybrid nanomaterials, constituting both mesoporous hollow silica and magnetite nanoparticles, are described. In a two-step approach, pre-synthesized magnetite nanoparticles are either covalently conjugated to the surface of polystyrene beads and coated with silica or embedded/enclosed in the porous shell during a nanosized CaCO3 templated condensation of silica precursors, followed by acid dissolution to generate the hollow structure. It was demonstrated that the hollow interior is able to load large amount of hydrophobic drugs such as ibuprofen while the mesoporous shell is capable of prolonged drug. In order to simplify the fabrication procedure, a novel in-situ method is developed to coat silica surface with magnetite nanoparticles. By refluxing the iron precursor with mesoporous hollow silica nanospheres in polyamine/polyalcohol mixed media, one is able to directly form a high density layer of magnetite nanoparticles on silica surface during the synthesis, leaving reactive amine groups for further surface functionalization such as fluorescence conjugation. This approach provides a convenient synthesis for silica nanostructures with promising potential for drug delivery and multimodal imaging.
In addition to nanoparticles, nanowires also benefit the research and development of instruments in clinical diagnosis. Semiconductive nanowires have demonstrated their advantage in the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip devices to detect many charge carrying molecules such as antibody and DNA. In our study, In2O3 and silicon nanowire based field effect transistors were fabricated through bottom-up and top-down approaches, respectively, for ultrasensitive bio- detection of toxins such as ricin. The specific binding and non-specific interaction of nanowires with antibodies were also investigated.
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Yu, Lei. "DECONVOLVING THE STEPS TO CONTROL MORPHOLOGY, COMPOSITION, AND STRUCTURE, IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-ASPECT-RATIO METAL OXIDE NANOMATERIALS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/82.
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Metal oxides are of interest not only because of their huge abundance but also for their many applications such as for electrocatalysts, gas sensors, diodes, solar cells and lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Nano-sized metal oxides are especially desirable since they have larger surface-to-volume ratios advantageous for catalytic properties, and can display size and shape confinement properties such as magnetism. Thus, it is very important to explore the synthetic methods for these materials. It is essential, therefore, to understand the reaction mechanisms to create these materials, both on the nanoscale, and in real-time, to have design control of materials with desired morphologies and functions.
This dissertation covers both the design of new syntheses for nanomaterials, as well as real-time methods to understand their synthetic reaction mechanisms. It will focus on two parts: first, the synthesis of 1-dimension (1-D) featured nanomaterials, including manganese-containing spinel nanowires, and tin dioxide and zinc oxide-based negative nanowire arrays; and second, a mechanistic study of the synthetic reactions of nanomaterials using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The work presented here demonstrates unique synthetic routes to single crystalline “positive” and “negative” metal oxide nanowires, and introduces a new mechanism for the formation of single-crystalline hollow nanorods.
Books on the topic "Nanomaterials - Inorganic Chemistry"
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Lukehart, Charles M., and Robert A. Scott. Nanomaterials: Inorganic and bioinorganic perspectives. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley, 2008.
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Aresta, M., and Angela Dibenedetto. Inorganic micro- and nanomaterials: Synthesis and characterization. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2013.
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Eduardo, Ruiz-Hitzky, Ariga Katsuhiko 1962-, and Lvov Yuri 1952-, eds. Bio-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials: Strategies, syntheses, characterization and applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008.
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C, Bréchignac, Houdy P, Lahmani M, and European Materials Research Society, eds. Nanomaterials and nanochemistry. Berlin: Springer, 2007.
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Scott, Robert A., and Charles M. Lukehart. Nanomaterials: Inorganic and Bioinorganic Perspectives. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Scott, Robert A., and Charles M. Lukehart. Nanomaterials: Inorganic and Bioinorganic Perspectives. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Scott, Robert A., and Charles M. Lukehart. Nanomaterials: Inorganic and Bioinorganic Perspectives. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Scott, Robert A., and Charles M. Lukehart. Nanomaterials: Inorganic and Bioinorganic Perspectives. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Inamuddin, Rajender Boddula, Mohammad Faraz Ahmer, and Abdullah Mohamed Asiri. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Design. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Inamuddin, Rajender Boddula, Mohammad Faraz Ahmer, and Abdullah Mohamed Asiri. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Design. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nanomaterials - Inorganic Chemistry"
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Kim, Taeho, and Jesse V. Jokerst. "Inorganic Fluorescent Nanomaterials." In Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 55–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7355_2019_85.
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Rafols, Ismael, Martin Meyer, and Jae-Hwan Park. "Hybrid Nanomaterials Research: Is ItReallyInterdisciplinary?" In The Supramolecular Chemistry of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials, 673–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470552704.ch24.
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Qiao, S. Z., J. Liu, and G. Q. Max Lu. "Synthetic Chemistry of Nanomaterials." In Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry, 613–40. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63591-4.00021-5.
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Qiao, Shi Zhang, Jian Liu, and Gao Qing (Max) Lu. "Synthetic Chemistry of Nanomaterials." In Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry, 479–506. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53599-3.10021-6.
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Rao, C. N. R., S. R. C. Vivekchand, Kanishka Biswas, and A. Govindaraj. "Synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials." In Trends in Chemistry of Materials, 479–500. Co-Published with Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812833846_0040.
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V. Ramos-Garcés, Mario, Joel Sanchez, Isabel Barraza Alvarez, Yanyu Wu, Dino Villagrán, Thomas F. Jaramillo, and Jorge L. Colón. "Water Splitting Electrocatalysis within Layered Inorganic Nanomaterials." In Water Chemistry. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88116.
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Ahumada, Manuel, Caitlin Lazurko, and Emilio I. Alarcon. "Fundamental concepts on surface chemistry of nanomaterials." In Photoactive Inorganic Nanoparticles, 1–19. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814531-9.00001-4.
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Patwardhan, Siddharth V., and Sarah S. Staniland. "Green chemistry for nanomaterials." In Green Nanomaterials: From bioinspired synthesis to sustainable manufacturing of inorganic nanomaterials. IOP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-1221-9ch5.
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Mathur, S., R. von Hagen, and R. Müller. "One-Dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Production." In Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II, 317–41. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097774-4.00414-9.
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"Characterization of Inorganic Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Vehicles." In Recent Advances in Medicinal Chemistry, edited by Tatsuya Murakami, Masako Yudasaka, Sumio Iijima, and Kunihiro Tsuchida, 73–98. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608057962114010006.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Nanomaterials - Inorganic Chemistry"
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Stranks, Samuel D., and Dane de Quilettes. "Understanding and eliminating non-radiative decay in organic-inorganic perovskites (Conference Presentation)." In Physical Chemistry of Interfaces and Nanomaterials XV, edited by Artem A. Bakulin, Natalie Banerji, and Robert Lovrincic. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2238390.
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Chen, Kok Hao, and Jong Hyun Choi. "Nanoparticle-Aptamer: An Effective Growth Inhibitor for Human Cancer Cells." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11966.
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Semiconductor nanocrystals have unique optical properties due to quantum confinement effects, and a variety of promising approaches have been devised to interface the nanomaterials with biomolecules for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. Such bio-interface can be facilitated via a DNA template for nanoparticles as oligonucleotides can mediate the aqueous-phase nucleation and capping of semiconductor nanocrystals.[1,2] Here, we report a novel scheme of synthesizing fluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) using DNA aptamers and the use of this biotic/abiotic nanoparticle system for growth inhibition of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells for the first time. Particularly, we used two DNA sequences for this purpose, which have been developed as anti-cancer agents: 5-GGT GGT GGT GGT TGT GGT GGT GGT GG-3 (also called, AGRO) and 5-(GT)15-3.[3–5] This study may ultimately form the basis of unique nanoparticle-based therapeutics with the additional ability to optically report molecular recognition. Figure 1a shows the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GT- and AGRO-passivated PbS QD that fluoresce in the near IR, centered at approximately 980 nm. A typical synthesis procedure involves rapid addition of sodium sulfide in the mixture solution of DNA and Pb acetate at a molar ratio of 2:4:1. The resulting nanocrystals are washed to remove unreacted DNA and ions by adding mixture solution of NaCl and isopropanol, followed by centrifugation. The precipitated nanocrystals are collected and re-suspended in aqueous solution by mild sonication. Optical absorption measurements reveal that approximately 90 and 77% of GT and AGRO DNA is removed after the washing process. The particle size distribution in Figure 1b suggests that the GT sequence-capped PbS particles are primarily in 3–5 nm diameter range. These nanocrystals can be easily incorporated with mammalian cells and remain highly fluorescent in sub-cellular environments. Figure 1c serially presents an optical image of a MCF-7 cell and a PL image of the AGRO-capped QD incorporated with the cell. Figure 1. (a) Normalized fluorescence spectra of PbS QD synthesized with GT and AGRO sequences, which were previously developed as anti-cancer agents. The DNA-capped QD fluoresce in the near IR centered at ∼980 nm. (b) TEM image of GT-templated nanocrystals ranging 3–5 nm in diameter. (c) Optical image of an MCF-7 human breast cancer cell after a 12-hour exposure to aptamer-capped QD. (d) PL image of AGRO-QD incorporated with the cell, indicating that these nanocrystals remain highly fluorescent in sub-cellular environments. One immediate concern for interfacing inorganic nanocrystals with cells and tissue for labeling or therapeutics is their cytotoxicity. The nanoparticle cytotoxicity is primarily determined by material composition and surface chemistry, and QD are potentially toxic by generating reactive oxygen species or by leaching heavy metal ions when decomposed.[6] We examined the toxicity of aptamer-passivated nanocrystals with NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The cells were exposed to PbS nanocrystals for 2 days before a standard MTT assay as shown in Figure 2, where there is no apparent cytotoxicity at these doses. In contrast, Pb acetate exerts statistically significant toxicity. This observation suggests a stable surface passivation by the DNA aptamers and the absence of appreciable Pb2+ leaching. Figure 2. Viability of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells after a 2-day exposure to DNA aptamer-capped nanocrystals. There is no apparent dose-dependent toxicity, whereas a statistically significant reduction in cell viability is observed with Pb ions. Note that Pb acetate at 133 μM is equivalent to the Pb2+ amount that was used for PbS nanocrystal synthesis at maximum concentration. Error bars are standard deviations of independent experiments. *Statistically different from control (p<0.005). Finally, we examined if these cyto-compatible nanoparticle-aptamers remained therapeutically active for cancer cell growth inhibition. The MTT assay results in Figure 3a show significantly decreased growth of breast cancer cells incorporated with AGRO, GT, and the corresponding templated nanocrystals, as anticipated. In contrast, 5-(GC)15-3 and the QDs synthesized with the same sequence, which were used as negative controls along with zero-dose control cells, did not alter cell viability significantly. Here, we define the growth inhibition efficacy as (100 − cell viability) per DNA of a sample, because the DNA concentration is significantly decreased during the particle washing. The nanoparticle-aptamers demonstrate 3–4 times greater therapeutic activities compared to the corresponding aptamer drugs (Figure 3b). We speculate that when a nanoparticle-aptamer is internalized by the cancer cells, it forms an intracellular complex with nucleolin and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation that would cause transcription of proliferation and anti-apoptotic genes.[7] The nanoparticle-aptamers may more effectively block the pathways for creating anti-apoptotic genes or facilitate the cellular delivery of aptamers via nanoparticle uptake. Our additional investigation indicates that the same DNA capping chemistry can be utilized to produce aptamer-mediated Fe3O4 nanocrystals, which may be potentially useful in MRI and therapeutics, considering their magnetic properties and biocompatibility. In summary, the nanoparticle-based therapeutic schemes developed here should be valuable in developing a multifunctional drug delivery and imaging agent for biological systems. Figure 3. Anti-proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with aptamer-passivated nanocrystals. (a) Viability of MCF-7 cells exposed to AGRO and GT sequences, and AGRO-/GT-capped QD for 7 days. The DNA concentration was 10 uM, while the particles were incubated with cells at 75 nM. (b) Growth inhibition efficacy is defined as (100 − cell viability) per DNA to correct the DNA concentration after particle washing.