Academic literature on the topic 'Nanomaterials fabrication molecule'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nanomaterials fabrication molecule"
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DAREHMIRAKI, MAJID. "A SEMI-GENERAL METHOD TO SOLVE THE COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS BASED ON NANOCOMPUTING." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 05 (October 2010): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10007046.
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Nanocomputing describes computing that uses nanoscale devices. It is reasonable to search for nanoscale particles, such as molecules, that do not require difficult fabrication steps. DNA is recognized as a nanomaterial, not as a biological material, in the research field of nanotechnology. This paper proposes a semi-general method to solve combinatorial optimization problems based on DNA computing. It is obvious that the DNA molecule is one of the most promising functional nanomaterials. However, the application of DNA molecules is still under study because of the big gap that exists between theory and practice.
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Wang, Zhuqing, Shasha Wu, Jian Wang, Along Yu, and Gang Wei. "Carbon Nanofiber-Based Functional Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9071045.
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Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) exhibit great potentials in the fields of materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, catalysis, energy, environmental science, and analytical science due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Usually, CNFs with flat, mesoporous, and porous surfaces can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and electrospinning techniques with subsequent chemical treatment. Meanwhile, the surfaces of CNFs are easy to modify with various materials to extend the applications of CNF-based hybrid nanomaterials in multiple fields. In this review, we focus on the design, synthesis, and sensor applications of CNF-based functional nanomaterials. The fabrication strategies of CNF-based functional nanomaterials by adding metallic nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, alloy, silica, polymers, and others into CNFs are introduced and discussed. In addition, the sensor applications of CNF-based nanomaterials for detecting gas, strain, pressure, small molecule, and biomacromolecules are demonstrated in detail. This work will be beneficial for the readers to understand the strategies for fabricating various CNF-based nanomaterials, and explore new applications in energy, catalysis, and environmental science.
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Yu, Xu Feng, Xiu Lan Cheng, and Peng Yu Lv. "A New SERS Substrate Based on TiO2 Nanorods Thin Film Assembled Gold Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.481.
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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been proved to be a highly sensitive method to detect organic molecules at very low concentrations. In recent years, many researchers have reported that 1-dimension semiconductor nanomaterials assembled noble metal nanoparticles can get a strong SERS effect. In this paper, we succeeded to synthesize TiO2 nanorod thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass with hydrothermal synthesis which were able to be used as SERS substrates. Gold nanoparticles were assembled to TiO2 nanorod thin films using the physical sputtering method and the citrate reduction method, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the later method could achieve the more desirable and uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was chosen as the probe molecule to study the SERS performance of our novel SERS substrates. Raman scattering measurement proved that the substrates were able to enhance Raman signals by several orders of magnitude and could be applied to biochemical detection. The whole fabrication process was facile and cost-effective, and the SERS activity and reproducibility of the substrates were pretty good.
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Guo, Linfan, Haibin Tang, Xiujuan Wang, Yupeng Yuan, and Chuhong Zhu. "Nanoporous Ag-Decorated Ag7O8NO3 Micro-Pyramids for Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection." Chemosensors 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120539.
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Porous noble metal nanomaterials can be employed to construct sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, because the plasmonic nanopores and nanogaps of the porous materials can provide a larger number of hotspots, and can also serve as containers of analyte molecules. However, the fabrication processes of nanoporous noble metal are generally complicated. Here, a facile method is presented to prepare nanoporous Ag nanoparticles-decorated Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids, which are fabricated through the chemical reduction of the electrodeposited Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids using NaBH4. The Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids are fabricated by electrodeposition by using a simple aqueous solution of AgNO3 as electrolyte. Then, porous Ag-decorated Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids are achieved by the chemical reduction of the surface of the electrodeposited Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids with NaBH4. The high-density nanopores and nanogaps of the fabricated nanoporous Ag can provide plenty of hot spots for Raman enhancement. Additionally, the nanopores have an effective capacity to trap and enrich analytes. Using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule, the SERS performance of the fabricated SERS substrate has been investigated. It is found that a limit of detection (LOD) ~1.0 × 10−15 M can be achieved for R6G. Then, the SERS substrates are employed to detect dye molecule (crystal violet) and pesticide (thiram), and their LODs are calculated down to 9.6 × 10−13 M and 1.3 × 10−15 M, respectively. The enhancement factor of the fabricated SERS substrate is estimated to be as high as 5.6 × 108. Therefore, the nanoporous Ag-decorated Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids have shown promising application in the sensitive SERS detection of organic molecules.
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Elim, Hendry Izaac. "Is Your Brain Strong Enough to Solve Hard Problems? : Brain Vitamins as a Simple Example for Multitasking Nanotechnology Scientis." SCIENCE NATURE 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/snvol3iss1pp244-256year2020.
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As the number of world population reaches up to seven billion people, more complex problems will happen including broken living environmental system that is directly influenced the stress life of men. This systematic output is like the problem of aggregations and defects in material sciences identified well by physicists and nanotechnologist. As more and more smart questions are being ascended to fight against such negative impacts as well as unsolved problems in ongoing research works and its development, this paper presents a simple solution by showing a manner in such a way so that all the points of main problems and related obstacles can be guided in the truth way following by the salvation of many earthly people among the world complicated current problems and challenges. To simplify the answer and guidance for easy clarification, one took molecular electronics system (MES) of brain vitamins as the explanation for multitasking nanotechnology scientists who are in charge to carry out advanced research and its implementations in nanoscience and nanotechnology especially in exotics nanomaterials for smart nanochip fabrication. An integrated links among at least 3 different types and personalities of brain vitamins show a beautiful mind of their creator in nature of universe. The use of basic concept and principles of proposed electronic molecular system instead of mechanical or vibration system of molecules suggests that this technique is applicable for all various kind molecule structures. This idea of discovery of MES is very excellent to be applied to study many other healing system using different types of drugs.
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Abdal-hay, Abdalla, H. Fouad, Basheer A. ALshammari, and Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil. "Biosynthesis of Bonelike Apatite 2D Nanoplate Structures Using Fenugreek Seed Extract." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050919.
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An innovative, biomimetic, green synthesis approach was exploited for the synthesis of humane and environmental friendly nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Ultrafine bonelike apatite (BAp) 2D plate-like structures were prepared using fenugreek seed extract during the biosynthesis wet-chemical precipitation route. The chemical analysis, morphology and structure of the prepared 2D nanoplates were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A 2D plate-like nanostructure of BAp with an average width (length) of 12.67 ± 2 nm and thickness of 3.8 ± 1.2 nm was obtained. BAp 2D crystals were tuned by interaction with the fenugreek organic molecules during the fabrication process. In addition to Ca and P ions, bone mineral sources such as K, Mg, Na, SO4 and CO3 ions were incorporated into BAp nanoplates using fenugreek seed extract. The overall organic molecule concentration in the reaction process increased the effectiveness of hydroxyl groups as nucleation sites for BAp crystals. Accordingly, the size of the biosynthesized BAp plate-like structure was reduced to its lowest value. Biosynthesis BAp 2D plate-like nanocrystals showed good viability and higher growth of MC3T3 osteoblast-like structures than that of the control sample. BAp 2D nanoplates prepared by a facile, ecofriendly and cost-effective approach could be considered a favorable osteoconductive inorganic biomaterial for bone regeneration applications.
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Liew, Li-Anne, John M. Moreland, and Jonathan R. Pratt. "Design of a MEMS Force Sensor for Quantitative Measurement in the Nano- to Pico-Newton Range." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001841–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp23.
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We describe the design and fabrication of a MEMS nano- to pico-Newton force sensor with SI traceability. There has been much recent interest in developing instrumentation for the quantitative measurement of forces in the nano- to pico-Newton range. Forces in this range are frequently encountered when investigating mechanical properties of nanomaterials, in nanobiotechnology, and in single-molecule biophysics. Various methods of measuring forces at these levels include using AFM cantilevers, scanning probe microscopy, and nanoindentation. However, such measurements are relative, and in order to obtain precise quantitative measurements, it is necessary to be able to calibrate such sensors in a manner that is traceable to fundamental SI units. One such method of calibration is using an Electrostatic Force Balance (EFB) that has been established at NIST. We thus describe the design and fabrication of a MEMS-based force sensor that may be directly calibrated with the EFB and thus has the potential to measure nano- to pico-Newtons of force with SI traceability. The sensor consists of a silicon rigid arm supported on silicon tethers and which are attached to capacitive electrodes. The bar, tethers and electrodes are made from the device layer of a double side SOI wafer. A glass wafer with patterned metal electrodes is anodically bonded on both the top and bottom of the wafer to form symmetrical capacitive electrodes. An external force moves the silicon arm and the resulting capacitive force gradient of the electrodes is measured with the EFB. The mechanical structure and electrodes are designed for force sensitivity in the nano- to pico-Newton ranges and for operation in UHV to reduce thermomechanical noise. We discuss the design, initial fabrication and testing of this force sensor as a step toward the ultimate goals of quantitative nanomechanical testing of materials, NEMS, and engineered surfaces at the nanoscale.
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Maji, Subrata, Lok Kumar Shrestha, and Katsuhiko Ariga. "Nanoarchitectonics for Hierarchical Fullerene Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082146.
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Nanoarchitectonics is a universal concept to fabricate functional materials from nanoscale building units. Based on this concept, fabrications of functional materials with hierarchical structural motifs from simple nano units of fullerenes (C60 and C70 molecules) are described in this review article. Because fullerenes can be regarded as simple and fundamental building blocks with mono-elemental and zero-dimensional natures, these demonstrations for hierarchical functional structures impress the high capability of the nanoarchitectonics approaches. In fact, various hierarchical structures such as cubes with nanorods, hole-in-cube assemblies, face-selectively etched assemblies, and microstructures with mesoporous frameworks are fabricated by easy fabrication protocols. The fabricated fullerene assemblies have been used for various applications including volatile organic compound sensing, microparticle catching, supercapacitors, and photoluminescence systems.
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Cengiz, Busra, Tugce Nihal Gevrek, Laura Chambre, and Amitav Sanyal. "Self-Assembly of Cyclodextrin-Coated Nanoparticles:Fabrication of Functional Nanostructures for Sensing and Delivery." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031076.
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In recent years, the bottom-up approach has emerged as a powerful tool in the fabrication of functional nanomaterials through the self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks. The cues embedded at the molecular level provide a handle to control and direct the assembly of nano-objects to construct higher-order structures. Molecular recognition among the building blocks can assist their precise positioning in a predetermined manner to yield nano- and microstructures that may be difficult to obtain otherwise. A well-orchestrated combination of top-down fabrication and directed self-assembly-based bottom-up approach enables the realization of functional nanomaterial-based devices. Among the various available molecular recognition-based “host–guest” combinations, cyclodextrin-mediated interactions possess an attractive attribute that the interaction is driven in aqueous environments, such as in biological systems. Over the past decade, cyclodextrin-based specific host–guest interactions have been exploited to design and construct structural and functional nanomaterials based on cyclodextrin-coated metal nanoparticles. The focus of this review is to highlight recent advances in the self-assembly of cyclodextrin-coated metal nanoparticles driven by the specific host–guest interaction.
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Zhang, Q., Y. J. Shin, F. Hua, L. V. Saraf, and D. W. Matson. "Fabrication of Transparent Capacitive Structure by Self-Assembled Thin Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 3008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.075.
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An approach to fabricating transparent electronic devices by using nanomaterial and nanofabrication is presented in this paper. A see-through capacitor is constructed from self-assembled silica nanoparticle layers that are stacked on the transparent substrate. The electrodes are made of indium tin oxide. Unlike the traditional processes used to fabricate such devices, the self-assembly approach enables one to synthesize the thin film layers at lower temperature and cost, and with a broader availability of nanomaterials. The vertical dimension of the self-assembled thin films can be precisely controlled, as well as the molecular order in the thin film layers. The shape of the capacitor is generated by planar micropatterning. The monitoring by quartz crystal demonstrates the steady growth of the silica nanoparticle multilayer. In addition, because the material synthesis and the device fabrication steps are separate, the fabrication is not affected by the harsh conditions required for the material synthesis. As a result, a clear pattern is allowed over a large area on the substrate. The prepared capacitive structure has an optical transparency higher than 92% over the visible spectrum. The capacitive impedance is measured at different frequencies and fit the theoretical results. As one of the fundamental components, this type of capacitive structure can serve in the transparent circuits, interactive media and sensors, as well as being applicable to other transparent devices.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanomaterials fabrication molecule"
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Skidin, Dmitry [Verfasser], Gianaurelio [Akademischer Betreuer] Cuniberti, Gianaurelio [Gutachter] Cuniberti, and Kornelius [Gutachter] Nielsch. "On-surface fabrication of functional molecular nanomaterials / Dmitry Skidin ; Gutachter: Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Kornelius Nielsch ; Betreuer: Gianaurelio Cuniberti." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1226942938/34.
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Sethi, Vaishali. "Structural modification in reverse micelles and growth of anisotropic nanostructures." Thesis, 2018. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/7976.
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Skidin, Dmitry. "On-surface fabrication of functional molecular nanomaterials." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36435.
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Polyzyklische organische Moleküle und deren Derivate sind eine Klasse von Nanostrukturen, die wegen diverser möglicher Anwendungen in molekularer und organischer Elektronik viel Aufmerksamkeit in der Wissenschaft erregt haben. Um ihre einzigartigen Eigenschaften in vollem Umfang auszunutzen, muss man das Verhalten von molekularen Systemen auf der Nanoskala verstehen und eine Reihe von Herstellungsverfahren entwickeln. In dieser Arbeit werden molekulare Nanostrukturen durch den Bottom-Up-Ansatz der Oberflächensynthese erzeugt. Als Untersuchungsmethode gilt Rastertunnelmikroskopie (STM) bei tiefen Temperaturen und im Ultrahochvakuum als Werkzeug der Wahl. Drei verschiedene molekulare Systeme werden ausführlich erforscht, mit dem Ziel organische Nanostrukturen mit gewünschten Eigenschaften und atomarer Präzision zu erzeugen.
Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird eine Cyclodehydrierungsreaktion erfolgreich für die Synthese von asymmetrischen Starphen verwendet. Es wird dann gezeigt, dass dieses Molekül als unimolekulares NAND-Logikgatter fungieren kann. Dabei wird die Positionierungsänderung der elektronischen Resonanz nach der Zufügung einzelner Goldatome an die Inputs des Moleküls gemessen. Eine Kombination aus atomarer und molekularer Lateralmanipulation mithilfe der Spitze des Rastertunnelmikroskops sowie Rastertunnelspektroskopie wird verwendet, um dieses Verhalten zu demonstrieren. Die steuerbare Verschiebung von molekularen Resonanzen entsteht wegen der asymmetrischen Form des Starphens und wurde theoretisch vorhergesagt.
Molekulare Drähte werden im zweiten Teil der Arbeit durch die oberflächenassistierte Ullmann-Kupplung hergestellt. Ihr Baustein besteht aus abwechselnden Donor- und Akzeptorgruppen und wurde speziell vorgesehen, um leitfähige flexible molekulare Drähte herzustellen. Die Leitfähigkeit wird durch Ziehen einzelner Drähten von der Oberflächen mit der STM-Spitze gemessen. Theoretische Berechnungen der komplexen Bandstruktur der molekularen Drähte bestätigen die experimentellen Ergebnisse und unterstützen dabei die Wichtigkeit der Balance zwischen Akzeptor- und Donorgruppen für die Leitfähigkeit der Drähte.
Basierend auf diesen Resultaten werden neue Strukturen zur Herstellung vorgeschlagen.
Der letzte Teil befasst sich schließlich mit einer unimolekularen Reaktion, die zur Erzeugung einer anomalen Kombination von Pentagon- und Heptagonringen in einem einzelnen organischen Molekül führt. Solche 5-7-Einheiten sind analog zu Stone-Wales-Defekten in Graphen und können elektronische Eigenschaften beachtlich ändern. Die exakte intramolekulare Struktur der Reaktionsprodukte wird durch hochauflösende STM-Bildgebung mit funktionalisierter Spitze eindeutig zugeordnet und zusätzlich durch DFT-Rechnungen bestätigt.Polycyclic organic molecules and their derivatives present the class of nanostructures that are currently in the focus of scientific research due to their perspectives for the versatile applications in molecular and organic electronics. To exploit their unique properties to full extent, one has to understand the behavior of molecular systems at the nanoscale and to develop a set of fabrication methods. In this work, molecular nanostructures are fabricated using the bottom-up on-surface synthesis approach, which allows precision of the desired products and control over their properties through careful precursors design. To study the reaction flow and the properties of the formed structures, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at low temperature and in ultra-high vacuum is the tool of choice. In this work, three molecular systems are studied in detail, with the focus of fabricating atomically precise nanostructures with tailored properties. A cyclodehydrogenation reaction is successfully applied to synthesize an asymmetric starphene molecule in the first part of the work. It is then shown that this molecule can function as a unimolecular NAND logic gate with its response to the attached single Au atoms measured as the position of the electronic resonance. A combination of the atomic and molecular lateral manipulation with the STM tip and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) is used to demonstrate this behavior. The effect of the controllable shifting of the molecular resonances is due to the asymmetric shape of the starphene molecule and was initially predicted theoretically. More complex structures, molecular wires, are presented in the second part of the work by using the surface-assisted Ullmann coupling reaction. The monomer unit, consisting of the alternant donor and acceptor parts, was specifically designed to achieve highly-conductive flexible molecular wires. The conductance is measured by pulling the single wires with the STM tip off the surface. Theoretical calculations of the complex band structure of the wires confirm the obtained results and support the discussion of the importance of the balance between the strength of acceptor and donor units for the conductance of the resultant wires. Based on this, some model structures are proposed. Finally, the last part deals with a unimolecular reaction to create an anomalous combination of pentagon and heptagon rings in a single organic molecule. Such 5-7 moieties are analogous to the Stone-Wales defects in graphene and may significantly alter the electronic properties. The precise intramolecular structure of the reaction products is unambiguously assigned by high-resolution STM imaging with functionalized tips and further confirmed by DFT calculations.
Books on the topic "Nanomaterials fabrication molecule"
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Aljabali, Alaa A., and Kaushik Pal, eds. Bionanotechnology: Next-Generation Therapeutic Tools. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150512781220101.
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Nanoscale technologies are crucial for the characterization and fabrication of biomaterials that are useful in targeted drug delivery systems. New materials enable the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific tissues and cells in order to treat a range of diseases. Bionanotechnology: Next-Generation Therapeutic Tools provides a quick overview of the use of nanomaterials in modern drug delivery and targeted drug therapy systems. The book starts with an overview of nanomaterial toxicity with subsequent chapters detailing their applications in nanomedicine. Concepts such as immunotherapy, cancer theranostics, molecular imaging, aptamers and viral nanoparticles are highlighted in specific chapters. The simplified presentation along with scientific references makes this book ideal for pharmacology and biomedical engineering scholars and life science readers.
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Hong, S., Y. K. Kwon, J. S. Ha, N. K. Lee, B. Kim, and M. Sung. Self-assembly strategy of nanomanufacturing of hybrid devices. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.10.
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This article considers the nanomanufacturing of hybrid devices using the self-assembly strategy. Hybrid devices utilize nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, organic molecules, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nanowires. Examples include CNT-based circuits and molecular electronics. However, a major stumbling block holding back the practical applications of hybrid systems can be a lack of a mass-production method for such devices. This article first describes the direct patterning of nanostructures by means of dip-pen nanolithography and microcontact printing before discussing the fabrication of nanostructures using directed assembly. It also examines the mechanism of various assembly processes ofnanostructures and concludes with an overview of the characteristics of self-assembled hybrid nanodevices.
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Rai, Dibya Prakash, ed. Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment - Part 2. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150499611220201.
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The discovery of new materials and the manipulation of their exotic properties for device fabrication is crucial for advancing technology. Nanoscience, and the creation of nanomaterials have taken materials science and electronics to new heights for the benefit of mankind. Advanced Materials and Nanosystems: Theory and Experiment covers several topics of nanoscience research. The compiled chapters aim to update students, teachers, and scientists by highlighting modern developments in materials science theory and experiments. The significant role of new materials in future technology is also demonstrated. The book serves as a reference for curriculum development in technical institutions and research programs in the field of physics, chemistry and applied areas of science like materials science, chemical engineering and electronics. This part covers 12 topics in these areas: 1. Recent advancements in nanotechnology: a human health Perspective 2. An exploratory study on characteristics of SWIRL of AlGaAs/GaAs in advanced bio based nanotechnological systems 3. Electronic structure of the half-Heusler ScAuSn, LuAuSn and their superlattice 4. Recent trends in nanosystems 5. Improvement of performance of single and multicrystalline silicon solar cell using low-temperature surface passivation layer and antireflection coating 6. Advanced materials and nanosystems 7. Effect of nanostructure-materials on optical properties of some rare earth ions doped in silica matrix 8. Nd2Fe14B and SmCO5: a permanent magnet for magnetic data storage and data transfer technology 9. Visible light induced photocatalytic activity of MWCNTS decorated sulfide based nano photocatalysts 10. Organic solar cells 11. Neodymium doped lithium borosilicate glasses 12. Comprehensive quantum mechanical study of structural features, reactivity, molecular properties and wave function-based characteristics of capmatinib
Book chapters on the topic "Nanomaterials fabrication molecule"
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"Bio-Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanomaterials for SERS Application." In Materials Research Foundations, 118–54. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901571-5.
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The discovery of nanomaterials (NMs) caused a great revolution in the field of science especially in material science. The highly exotic and tunable size and shape of NMs have devoted more interest due to their unique physiochemical properties. There are various methods and methodologies involved to prepare NMs in a desired morphology. Among these, the fabrication of bio-molecules mediated NMs are highly attractive because their size and shape can be easily tuned by simple, eco-friendly and reliable way. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is considered to be one of the most promising and well-studied bio-molecule in the fabrication of various types of NMs. The rich functionalities with the double-helix structure of DNA facilitate to accommodate a higher number of metal ions on its surface and results in perfect chain-like nano-assemblies. Moreover, the DNA mediated NMs can be highly useful for the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) studies with appropriate analytes. The SERS technique provides the fingerprint information of the analyte molecules even at very low concentration (such as even in ppm levels). The SERS intensity is greatly influenced by the size and shape of the NMs prepared using DNA scaffolds due to their assembly in a close proximity and generation of higher number of ‘hot spots’. In this present book chapter, we elaborated the numerous methodologies involved for the synthesis of DNA-based NMs considering their size, shapes, and also highlighted the possible mechanism involved for their growth with DNA scaffolds. In-addition, the possible application of DNA mediated NMs towards SERS studies has also been detailed in this book chapter.
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"Bio-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensor Applications." In Materials Research Foundations, 224–62. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901571-8.
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The bio-mediated nanomaterials have expected growing responsiveness due to an increasing requirement to develop naturally nonthreatening technologies in nanomaterial synthesis. Biotic ways to prepare nanomaterials through extracts from the plant (includes stems, leaves, flowers, and roots) and microorganisms were recommended as likely replacements for physical and chemical routes due to their solvent medium and environment eco-friendliness and nontoxicity. This chapter focuses on electrocatalyst prepared by various bio-mediated synthetic ways and used as a green and eco-friendly electrocatalyst to recognize extensive chemical and biologically essential molecules with improved selectivity and sensitivity with low detection limit. The bio-mediated nanocomposite formation processes and their unique properties surface functionalization and electron transfer mechanism discussed in connection with the design and fabrication of sensors. As a final point, the encounters and prospects in developing bio-mediated nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensing technology was outlined.
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Bashir, Aneeqa, Azka Mehvish, and Maria Khalil. "Advanced Carbon Materials for Sustainable and Emerging Applications." In 21st Century Advanced Carbon Materials for Engineering Applications - A Comprehensive Handbook. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100213.
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Advanced carbon nanomaterials, which comprises fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as backbone of engineering and scientific Innovation due to their versatile chemical, physical and electrical properties. Sustainable carbon materials are fabricated using different physical and chemical methods, respectively. Moreover, fabrication methods are used to achieve advanced carbon monoliths which are constituents with desirable properties. Keeping a view of desirable monoliths, diverse allotropes of advanced carbon nanomaterials are mostly employed in renewable energy resources, organic photovoltaic, and energy conservation technology, respectively. Carbon nanomaterials offer tremendous potential for enhancing biology and drug delivery because of biocompatibility. The proposed chapter grants a variety of fabrications methods for sustainable carbon materials as well as highlights the miscellaneous applications. Further, graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT) and fullerene are considered as fast and effective nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic molecules. As advanced carbon materials have controllable porous structure, high surface area, high conductivity, high temperature stability, excellent anti-corrosion property and compatibility in composite materials so they can be employed in energy storage as electrocatalysts, electro-conductive additives, intercalation hosts and ideal substrate for active materials. Meanwhile, the chapter sums up the required demands of advanced carbon materials for technological innovation and scientific applied research.
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Hallan, S. S. "Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nano-Carriers: An Ingenious Tool." In ZnO and Their Hybrid Nano-Structures, 234–62. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902394-8.
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The zinc oxide-based nanoparticles have become the center of interest among the research community, especially in the field of biomedical sciences. They have unique inherent features which help with reduction in biofilm development, anti-bacterial/microbial potential, in addition to transporting active drug molecules to the target site. Further, the concept of green synthesis can also be applied in their fabrication. The effectiveness of these nanomaterials can be improved by transferring them into a gel system. This book chapter focuses on the recent advancements, technical challenges related to surface chemistry, shape and in designing these nanomaterials.
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Vijayan, Jyothy G. "Design and Characterization of Smart Supramolecular Nanomaterials and their Biohybrids." In Bio-Inspired Nanotechnology, 1–15. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815080179123010003.
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Over the past few years, much effort has been taken to explore the applications of nanoparticle-based structures in different fields such as nanomedicine, molecular imaging, etc.. Supramolecular analytical methods have attracted researchers due to their chemical formula, flexibility, convenience, and modularity for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The incorporation of functional ligands on the surface of supramolecular nanoparticles helps to improve their performance in many areas. Fabrication of supra molecular materials with uniform size gives more advantages of using them in different fields. Characterization techniques like positron emission tomography imaging (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis studies help to identify the molecular images and structure effectively. Supramolecular systems are used as an effective technique in the nano-design of supramolecular nano-systems. They enhance the solubility, modification of surface properties, bioconjugation of nanoparticles due to the supramolecular recognition properties, and supramolecular materials that are applied for the removal of targeted molecules. The designing process makes it able to function in complex matrices. This chapter discusses the design, synthesis and characterization of supramolecular nanostructures and their hybrids and also discusses their application in different fields.
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Ibedita, J. "Hybrid Nanomaterials: Historical Developments, Classification and Biomedical Applications." In Emerging Nanomaterials and Their Impact on Society in the 21st Century, 152–77. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902172-7.
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Hybrid nanomaterials (HNs) have exceptional physical and chemical properties and combine superior qualities of both inorganic and organic materials to exploit them to desirable chemistry through imposing multifunctionality in a single material. Strategies of synthesis of HNs involve the fabrication of components, either organic or inorganic, through the insertion of molecules or nano-objects or polymerization of precursors. The interconnected porous network of HNs also enables a range of applications. In this chapter, we have discussed historical development, strategies of synthesis, and, classification of HNs with emphasis on advancement for biomedical applications.
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Hassen, Arafa, Adel M. El Sayed, Azza Al-Ghamdi, and Mohamed Shaban. "Synthesis of Some Functional Oxides and Their Composites Using Sol-Gel Method." In Sol-Gel Method - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111384.
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Two main approaches for nanomaterials fabrication are the top-down and the bottom-up methods. The first is limited to mechanical grinding, thermal evaporation, ion sputtering, arc discharge, pulsed laser ablation, and other physical and chemical vapor deposition. These routes are costly, consume higher energy, and require complex technology such as ultrahigh vacuum. The bottom-up methods refer to the production of complex nanostructured materials from atoms and molecules. This approach is relatively simple and low in cost. However, it requires a good knowledge of the optical properties of the particles and their modifications when the particles are integrated with nanostructures. One of the widest bottom-up methods is the sol–gel. It involves a solution or sol (single-phase liquid) that undergoes a sol–gel transition (stable suspension of colloidal particles). In this chapter, we throw light on the history of sol–gel, its advantages, and limitations, operating this method for the production of different types of nanomaterials in the form of powders or thin films. In addition, some applications of the sol–gel-derived nanosized materials will be discussed.
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Harun-Ur-Rashid, M. "Engineered Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion Cells." In Applications of Emerging Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, 103–26. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902554-4.
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Day by day, the energy demand is exceeding due to consumption by increasing world population and fast-growing industrialization. As a result, the biggest problems of the 21st century are energy demand and how it affects the environment. The disquiet is caused by the excessive reliance on fossil fuels as raw materials for the production of energy, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Around 13 terawatts of energy are needed every day by more than 6.5 billion people around the world. However, the scarcity of currently used fossil fuels and the environmental deterioration corresponding to fuel rectification processes have triggered the compulsion to produce renewable, non-polluting, and eco-friendly energy generation and conversion technologies. Suitable technologies for the conversion and storage of energy will play a vital role in addressing the current challenges associated with the increasing demand for clean, renewable, sustainable, transferable, benign, eco-friendly, nominal, and ceaseless power supplies for users. The substitution of fossil fuels could be clean energies, for example, solar, hydroelectric, wind, geothermal, biogas, and tidal energies. Generally, alternative renewable energy conversion requires various complicated physical and chemical processes on the surface and interfaces of cell components and transporting electrons, positive holes, ions, and molecules through the entire system. The harnessing of energy requires new and novel nanomaterials and evolution of nanocomposite and multifunctional nanostructured materials, including metal, ceramic, polymer matrix, and amalgamation. Various essential advantages of using engineered nanomaterials, such as high surface area, unique physicochemical properties, mechanical strength, and favorable transport properties, are crucial to energy harnessing applications. Electrocatalysis-based energy conversion devices are widely studied to get high yield and optimum performance of energy conversion services. The structural engineering of nanomaterials is associated with the fabrication of size, spatial array, hetero architecture, and shape of nanostructures, thereby producing a well-defined novel nanomaterial, which could be used for high-performance energy conversion system applications. The development and the innovations introduced in nanotechnology and material chemistry are making key breakthroughs for amplifying these devices' performance for perceiving the objective of renewable and sustainable clean energy technologies. The engineered nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanospheres, nanosheets, nanotubes, and nanowires have drawn the attention of many nanotechnologists because of their attractive physical and chemical properties attributed to their significantly smaller size. The applications of zero (0-), one (1-), two (2-), and three (3-) dimensional nanostructures in the construction of high performance and cost-effective systems for harnessing energy by using renewable and sustainable technologies have been reported in many works of literature. This chapter will focus on the basic characteristics and idea of engineered nanomaterials for energy conversion cells with well-built prominence on the connection between structural features and resultant performances. In addition to emphasizing the applications of various nanomaterials in energy conversion cells, the apparent advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and challenges will be addressed. Finally, the outlook regarding the prospective futures of engineered nanomaterials for energy conversion will be discussed.
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Samuel, Ponpandian, Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj, and D. N. P. Sudarmani. "Nanotechnology-Based Stem Cell Therapy: Current Status and Perspectives." In Possibilities and limitations in current translational stem cell research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109275.
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The nanoparticles or nanobots are equivalent to the size of biological molecules of the human body and this is claimed to be the massive advantage of nanotechnology. Currently, top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods are being adopted to synthesize nanomaterials. Hence, the products developed from nanotechnology can be used for assessment of several biological parameters under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Effective production of nanoparticles, accompanied by the advent of novel characterization studies, enables us to manipulate the arrangement of atoms distributed on the surface of the nanomaterials to make it functionally more effective than before. In addition to the support imparted by nanotechnology, it also plays a primary role in the field of diagnostics. Another important outcome of nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which deals with the site-specific delivery of drugs with the aid of fabricated nanosystems. The advent of technology in recent years has enabled researchers to build novel forms of drug delivery systems like liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles and nanocrystals, which in turn ensure the précised delivery of drugs to suitable targets. Several need-based and value-added applications of nanotechnology are enlisted in the chapter.
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Pirposhte, M. A. "ZnO Thin Films: Fabrication Routes, and Applications." In ZnO and Their Hybrid Nano-Structures, 263–93. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902394-9.
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Thin films have become a hot topic in the field of nanotechnology. Due to their optical and electrical characteristics, thin-film semiconductor oxides are among the semiconductor oxides with the greatest range of applications. The most popular semiconductor component is zinc oxide (ZnO). ZnO, a wide bandgap semiconductor (Eg = 3.37 eV at room temperature), have been widely used in electronic, optoelectronic, and information technology device platforms. Nano-ZnO thin films have a wide range of applications due to their remarkable properties. There are several methods for developing a thin layer of the ZnO nanomaterial. Sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and spray pyrolysis are among these methods. Although sputtering is the most commonly used method for high-quality applications, chemical vapor deposition and spray pyrolysis are also popular due to their low cost and ease of use. This chapter provides a brief overview of the various fabrication routes, characterization techniques, and applications of ZnO thin films, allowing us to investigate the chemical, structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO thin films, as well as their various applications.
Conference papers on the topic "Nanomaterials fabrication molecule"
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Lee, HeaYeon, and JuKyung Lee. "Advanced Biomimetic Nanodevice Using Nanotechnology Addressable Lipid Rafts Nanoarrays Toward Advanced Nanomaterials." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93286.
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In recent years, a new paradigm of nanobiomedical devices combining miniaturization and integration has been exploited in areas such as combinational chemistry, biotechnology, engineering, proteomics and clinical diagnostics. One of the critical issues in the development of nanobiomedical system is how to differentiate signal-to-noise ratio per very small amount of signal. Biocompatible integrated nanopattern requires the fabrication of appropriately designed nanomatrix for high sensitivity homogenous assays, which are capable of ultimately mimic the physiological environment. We reported the nanomatrix geometry of a well-oriented nanowell array derived from nanofabrication technology which can easily be employed for digital detection with a high S/N ratio, miniaturization, integrated assays and single molecule analysis. In this present, we describe a nano(submicro) array of tethered lipid bilayer raft membranes comprising a biosensing platform.
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Awad, Walid, Amal Esawi, and Adham Ramadan. "Fabrication and Properties of Nylon-6/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites by Melt Blending." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47039.
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Polymer/clay nanocomposites currently attract immense interest from both research and industrial communities. By dispersing at the molecular level a tiny amount of clay within a polymeric matrix, a wide range of properties can be significantly improved. The efficiency of the clay (layered silicate) in improving the properties of the polymer materials is primarily determined by the degree of its dispersion in the polymer matrix. To promote the molecular and stable dispersion of the clay layers, the clays should be organically-modified with onium salts. In this work, nylon-6 nanocomposites based on two types of commercial organoclays were prepared by melt blending via single-screw extrusion. The good dispersion of clay in the nylon-6 nanocomposites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the dispersed nano-clay fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and nanoindentation.
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Zhao, Lurui, Can Li, Didi She, Zhiqiang Wang, Jun Xu, and Wengang Wu. "Fabrication of anisotropic nanomaterial by precise and large-area nanowire operation with focused-ion-beam." In 8th Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2013.6559859.
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Wong, Shing-Chung, Eric M. Sutherland, Suchitra Yerramaddu, Erwin Wouterson, Fawn M. Uhl, and Dean Webster. "Processing and Properties of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61283.
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Fabrication of carbon nanotubes is expensive, particularly for the purifying process required to make them widely accepted for reinforcements and structural composite applications. Instead of trying to discover lower cost processes for nanotubes, we seek to develop an alternative nanoscale carbon material with comparable properties that can be produced cost-effectively and in larger quantities. These carbon nanomaterials are referred to as nanoscale graphene platelets (NGP). In this study, we fabricated and studied graphene-based nanocomposites by (1) exfoliating carbon or graphite materials using acid treatment, thermal and microwave expansion, and (2) examined the electrical and dielectric properties of the graphite reinforced polymers. Less than 1 wt% filler content was required to reach the percolation threshold (φc) of transition in electrical conductivity and dielectric properties. Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to characterize the increase in elastic moduli for graphene platelets embedded in polymer matrices at molecular scale.