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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanomateriale'
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1
Lobnik, Aleksandra, Marijana Lakić, Aljoša Košak, Matejka Turel, and Špela Korent Urek. "Introduction to Nanomaterials for Use in Textiles." Tekstilec 56, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2013.56.137-144.
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S, Lakshmana Prabu. "Toxicity Interactions of Nanomaterials in Biological System: A Pressing Priority." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000173.
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Nanomaterials have made a rebellion in biomedical application especially treating several diseases due to its distinctive compositions. However, increased utilization of nanomaterials in biomedical applications has made an initiative to understand the possible interaction between the nanomaterials with the biological systems. These tiny particles enter into the body very easily and affect vulnerable systems which raise the interrogation of their potential effects on the susceptible organs. It is very crucial to comprehend the various exposure pathways, their movement, behavior and ultimate outcome. Specific and unique physicochemical properties, such as particle size and distribution, surface area, charge and coatings, particle shape/ structure, dissolution and aggregation, influence the nanomaterial interactions with cells. Toxicities in biological systems occurs as a result of a result of a variety of reasons including the production of ROS reactive oxygen species, degradation of the integrity of membrane and release of toxic metal ions thus preventing normal cell function. Various researchers have provided promising evidence that nanomaterial’s actively encompass and mediate chemical processes of cell, in addition to their passive interactions with cells. Certainly, it is very much essential to understand the possible toxic interactions of nanomaterial’s with the biological system as Nano toxicology. In this review, we emphasize the toxicological effects on different organs pertaining to nanomaterial-biological system interaction
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Zhang, Yanli, Qiang Zhang, Xiangming He, Li Wang, Jingxin Wang, Liangliang Dong, Yingpeng Xie, and Yongsheng Hao. "A Novel Sugar-Assisted Solvothermal Method for FeF2 Nanomaterial and Its Application in LIBs." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041437.
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Due to its quite high theoretical specific-energy density, FeF2 nanomaterial is a good candidate for the cathode material of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. The preparation of FeF2 nanomaterial is very important for its application. At present, the preparation process mostly involves high temperature and an inert atmosphere, which need special or expensive devices. It is very important to seek a low-temperature and mild method, without the need for high temperature and inert atmosphere, for the preparation and following application of FeF2 nanomaterial. This article reports a novel sugar-assisted solvothermal method in which the FeF3∙3H2O precursor is reduced into FeF2 nanomaterial by carbon derived from the dehydration and condensation of sugar. The obtained FeF2 nanomaterials are irregular granules of about 30 nm, with inner pores inside each granule. Electrochemical tests show the FeF2 nanomaterial’s potential as a lithium-ion battery cathode material.
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Gulumian, Mary, and Charlene Andraos. "In Search of a Converging Cellular Mechanism in Nanotoxicology and Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Cancer." Toxicologic Pathology 46, no. 1 (October 15, 2017): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317735776.
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Multiple applications of nanomaterials have raised concern with regard to their toxicity. With increasing research into nanomaterial safety, mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of nanomaterials have begun to emerge. The importance of nanomaterial-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization through overloading or direct damage of the lysosomal compartment, resulting in the blockade of autophagosome–lysosome fusion and autophagy dysfunction, as well as inflammasome activation were cited as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. It has recently been proposed that these very mechanisms leading to nanomaterial toxicity may be utilized in nanotherapeutics. This review discusses these nanomaterial-induced mechanisms in detail and how it has been exploited in cancer research. This review also addresses certain considerations that need to be kept in mind when using nanomaterials in therapeutics.
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Card, Jeffrey W., and Bernadene A. Magnuson. "A Method to Assess the Quality of Studies That Examine the Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 4 (July 2010): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810370720.
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As reports on the safety of various nanomaterials have yielded conflicting results, assessment of the reliability of each study is required to objectively interpret overall safety of the nanomaterial. A 2-step method to assess the quality of nanotoxicity studies is described. The first step uses a publicly available tool to rank the reliability of the study based on adequacy of design and documentation of methods, materials, and results, providing a “study score.” The second step determines the completeness of physicochemical characterization of the nanomaterial/nanomaterials assessed within the study, providing a “nanomaterial score.” This approach is encouraged to promote the notion that for studies conducted with nanomaterials, the combination of a reliable study and sufficient nanomaterial characterization is of significantly greater value than either of these alone. It is anticipated that the use and evolution of this approach will assist with the design and interpretation of studies assessing nanomaterial toxicity.
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Wang, Jiali, Guo Zhao, Liya Feng, and Shaowen Chen. "Metallic Nanomaterials with Biomedical Applications." Metals 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122133.
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Metallic nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in various fields due to their photocatalytic, photosensitive, thermal conducting, electrical conducting and semiconducting properties. Among all these fields, metallic nanomaterials are of particular importance in biomedical sensing for the detection of different analytes, such as proteins, toxins, metal ions, nucleotides, anions and saccharides. However, many problems remain to be solved, such as the synthesis method and modification of target metallic nanoparticles, inadequate sensitivity and stability in biomedical sensing and the biological toxicity brought by metallic nanomaterials. Thus, this Special Issue aims to collect research or review articles focused on electrochemical biosensing, such as metallic nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors, metallic oxide-modified electrodes, biological sensing based on metallic nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterial-based biological sensing devices and chemometrics for metallic nanomaterial-based biological sensing. Meanwhile, studies related to the synthesis and characterization of metallic nanomaterials are also welcome, and both experimental and theoretical studies are welcome for contribution as well.
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Kim, Jeongho, and Il Je Yu. "National Survey of Workplaces Handling and Manufacturing Nanomaterials, Exposure to and Health Effects of Nanomaterials, and Evaluation of Nanomaterial Safety Data Sheets." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8389129.
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A national survey on workplace environment nanomaterial handling and manufacturing was conducted in 2014. Workplaces relevant to nanomaterials were in the order of TiO2(91), SiO2(88), carbon black (84), Ag (35), Al2O3(35), ZnO (34), Pb (33), and CeO2(31). The survey results indicated that the number of workplaces handling or manufacturing nanomaterials was 340 (0.27% of total 126,846) workplaces. The number of nanomaterials used and products was 546 (1.60 per company) and 583 (1.71 per company), respectively. For most workplaces, the results on exposure to hazardous particulate materials, including nanomaterials, were below current OELs, yet a few workplaces were above the action level. As regards the health status of workers, 9 workers were diagnosed with a suspected respiratory occupational disease, where 7 were recommended for regular follow-up health monitoring. 125 safety data sheets (SDSs) were collected from the nanomaterial-relevant workplaces and evaluated for their completeness and reliability. Only 4 CNT SDSs (3.2%) included the term nanomaterial, while most nanomaterial SDSs were not regularly updated and lacked hazard information. When taken together, the current analysis provides valuable national-level information on the exposure and health status of workers that can guide the next policy steps for nanomaterial management in the workplace.
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Ma, Haohua, Xin Qiao, and Lu Han. "Advances of Mussel-Inspired Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010128.
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Hydrogels, with 3D hydrophilic polymer networks and excellent biocompatibilities, have emerged as promising biomaterial candidates to mimic the structure and properties of biological tissues. The incorporation of nanomaterials into a hydrogel matrix can tailor the functions of the nanocomposite hydrogels to meet the requirements for different biomedical applications. However, most nanomaterials show poor dispersion in water, which limits their integration into the hydrophilic hydrogel network. Mussel-inspired chemistry provides a mild and biocompatible approach in material surface engineering due to the high reactivity and universal adhesive property of catechol groups. In order to attract more attention to mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels, and to promote the research work on mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels, we have reviewed the recent advances in the preparation of mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels using a variety of nanomaterials with different forms (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanofibers, nanosheets). We give an overview of each nanomaterial modified or hybridized by catechol or polyphenol groups based on mussel-inspired chemistry, and the performances of the nanocomposite hydrogel after the nanomaterial’s incorporation. We also highlight the use of each nanocomposite hydrogel for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, bioelectronics, wearable/implantable biosensors, tumor therapy, and tissue repair. Finally, the challenges and future research direction in designing mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels are discussed.
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Qu, Juntian, and Xinyu Liu. "Recent Advances on SEM-Based In Situ Multiphysical Characterization of Nanomaterials." Scanning 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4426254.
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Functional nanomaterials possess exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties which have significantly benefited their diverse applications to a variety of scientific and engineering problems. In order to fully understand their characteristics and further guide their synthesis and device application, the multiphysical properties of these nanomaterials need to be characterized accurately and efficiently. Among various experimental tools for nanomaterial characterization, scanning electron microscopy- (SEM-) based platforms provide merits of high imaging resolution, accuracy and stability, well-controlled testing conditions, and the compatibility with other high-resolution material characterization techniques (e.g., atomic force microscopy), thus, various SEM-enabled techniques have been well developed for characterizing the multiphysical properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize existing SEM-based platforms for nanomaterial multiphysical (mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical) in situ characterization, outline critical experimental challenges for nanomaterial optical characterization in SEM, and discuss potential demands of the SEM-based platforms to characterizing multiphysical properties of the nanomaterials.
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Kladko, Daniil V., Aleksandra S. Falchevskaya, Nikita S. Serov, and Artur Y. Prilepskii. "Nanomaterial Shape Influence on Cell Behavior." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105266.
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Nanomaterials are proven to affect the biological activity of mammalian and microbial cells profoundly. Despite this fact, only surface chemistry, charge, and area are often linked to these phenomena. Moreover, most attention in this field is directed exclusively at nanomaterial cytotoxicity. At the same time, there is a large body of studies showing the influence of nanomaterials on cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, reprogramming, gene transfer, and many other processes. Furthermore, it has been revealed that in all these cases, the shape of the nanomaterial plays a crucial role. In this paper, the mechanisms of nanomaterials shape control, approaches toward its synthesis, and the influence of nanomaterial shape on various biological activities of mammalian and microbial cells, such as proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, as well as the prospects of this emerging field, are reviewed.
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Her, Shiuh-Chuan, and Yuan-Ming Liang. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Thin Film Deposited on a Flexible Substrate for Strain Sensing Application." Sensors 22, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135039.
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Hybrid nanomaterial film consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) were deposited on a highly flexible polyimide (PI) substrate using spray gun. The hybridization between 2-D GNP and 1-D MWCNT reduces stacking among the nanomaterials and produces a thin film with a porous structure. Carbon-based nanomaterials of MWCNT and GNP with high electrical conductivity can be employed to detect the deformation and damage for structural health monitoring. The strain sensing capability of carbon-based hybrid nanomaterial film was evaluated by its piezoresistive behavior, which correlates the change of electrical resistance with the applied strain through a tensile test. The effects of weight ratio between MWCNT and GNP and the total amount of hybrid nanomaterials on the strain sensitivity of the nanomaterial thin film were investigated. Experimental results showed that both the electrical conductivity and strain sensitivity of the hybrid nanomaterial film increased with the increase of the GNP contents. The gauge factor used to characterize the strain sensitivity of the nanomaterial film increased from 7.75 to 24 as the GNP weight ratio increased from 0 wt.% to 100 wt.%. In this work, a simple, low cost, and easy to implement deposition process was proposed to prepare a highly flexible nanomaterial film. A high strain sensitivity with gauge factor of 24 was achieved for the nanomaterial thin film.
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Rosales, Julia, Francisco Agrela, José Ramón Marcobal, José Luis Diaz-López, Gloria M. Cuenca-Moyano, Álvaro Caballero, and Manuel Cabrera. "Use of Nanomaterials in the Stabilization of Expansive Soils into a Road Real-Scale Application." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143058.
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Stabilization is a traditional strategy used to improve soils with the main objective of ensuring that this base is compliant with the technical specifications required for the subsequent development of different infrastructures. This study proposes the use of commercial nanomaterials, based on a solution of silicates, to improve the technical characteristics and bearing capacity of the expansive soil. A physical–chemical property study was carried out on the additive nanomaterial. Subsequently, different mixtures of expansive soil, selected soil and artificial gravel with quicklime and commercial nanomaterials were developed to evaluate the improvement obtained by the use of nanomaterials in the technical characteristics of the soil. Compressive strength and the Californian Bearing Ratio index were considerably increased. A full-scale study was carried out in which the nanomaterial product was applied to two different sections of stabilized road compared to a control section. The results obtained showed that the use of nanomaterial led to the possibility of reducing the control section by 30 cm, thus achieving less use of quicklime and a mechanical means for preparing the road section. The use of commercial nanomaterial improved the behavior of the stabilized sub-base layer. Through life cycle assessment, this study has shown that the use of nanomaterials reduces the environmental impact associated with soil stabilization.
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Kostryukov, Victor F., and Anastasia E. Igonina. "Microwave Synthesis of CaTiO3 Nanoparticles by the Sol-Gel Method." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/3121.
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A technique for the microwave-activated synthesis of calcium titanate nanopowder was proposed. The microwave effect used in the synthesis of CaTiO3 samples when using sodium carbonate as a precipitant allowed obtaining a chemically homogeneous nanopowder with a significant reduction of the process time.
References1. Zhang Q., Saito F. Effect of Fe2O3 crystallite sizeon its mechanochemical reaction with La2O3 to formLaFeO3. Journal of Materials Science. 2001;36(9):2287–2290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/a:10175208069222. Bayraktar D., Clemens F., Diethelm S., et al.Production and properties of substituted LaFeO3‑perovskitetubular membranes for partial oxidation ofmethane to syngas. Journal of the European CeramicSociety. 2007;27(6): 2455–2461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.10.0043. Reznichenko V. A., Averin V. V., Olyunina T. V.Titanaty. Nauchnye osnovy, tekhnologiya, proizvodstvo[Titanates. Scientific foundations, technology, production].Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 2010. 72 p. (In Russ.)4. Suzdalev I. P. Nanotekhnologiya: fiziko-khimiyananoklasterov, nanostruktur i nanomaterialov[Nanotechnology: physical chemistry of nanoclusters,nanostructures and nanomaterials]. Moscow:KomKniga Publ.; 2006. 592 p. (In Russ.)5. Gusev A. I. Nanomaterialy, nanostruktury,nanotekhnologii [Nanomaterials, nanostructures,nanotechnology]. Moscow: Fizmatlit Publ.; 2007. 416 p.6. International Center for Diffraction Data.7. X-ray diffraction date cards, ASTM
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Su, Paul, Babak Haghpanah, William W. Doerr, Zahra Karimi, Syed Hassan, Louis Gritzo, Ahmed A. Busnaina, and Ashkan Vaziri. "Decontamination of Surfaces Exposed to Carbon-Based Nanotubes and Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/249603.
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Contamination of surfaces by nanomaterials can happen due to accidental spillage and release or gradual accumulation during processing or handling. Considering the increasingly wide use of nanomaterials in industry and research labs and also taking into account the diversity of physical and chemical properties of different nanomaterials (such as solubility, aggregation/agglomeration, and surface reactivity), there is a pressing need to define reliable nanomaterial-specific decontamination guidelines. In this paper, we propose and investigate a potential method for surface decontamination of carbon-based nanomaterials using solvent cleaning and wipes. The results show that the removal efficiency for single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes from silicon wafers sprayed with water-surfactant solutions prior to mechanical wiping is greater than 90% and 95%, respectively. The need for further studies to understand the mechanisms of nanomaterial removal from surfaces and development of standard techniques for surface decontamination of nanomaterials is highlighted.
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Chen, Qin-Miao, Fang-Fang Zhou, Hong-Chun Yuan, Jin Chen, Yi Ni, Xi-Fang Zhu, and Xiao-Ming Dou. "The effect of processing on the properties of CuInS2 nanomaterials synthesized by simple hot injection route." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440866.
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Chalcopyrite and wurtzite CuInS2 (CIS) nanomaterials were synthesized from Cu[Formula: see text], In[Formula: see text], thiourea with or without triethanolamine (TEA) by simple hot injection method at low temperature. The effect of synthesis duration on the various properties of the synthesized CIS nanomaterials was studied. It shows that for chalcopyrite CIS, the optimal synthesis duration is 60 min and the synthesized nanomaterial is in spherical shape with diameter of about 90 nm. However, for the wurtzite CIS, the optimal synthesis duration should reach 150 min and the synthesized nanomaterial looks like nanoplate with thicknesses of [Formula: see text]10 nm and diameters near 100 nm. The photovoltaic characteristics of two types of nanomaterials are quite different. This study may contribute to the synthesis of CIS nanomaterials at low temperatures.
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Ling Zhang, Ling Zhang. "Applications, Challenges and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000690.
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Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been rapidly developed and widely applied in antimicrobial, biosensors, nanomedicine, nano-electronic technology, reinforcement, water treatment, and so on. However, there are also many problems and challenges during using and developing nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Are they secure enough for the health of human beings? Do they cause the environmental pollution? And how can we sustainably develop nanomaterial and nanotechnology? In this review, we introduced the applications, potential threats and hazards, and development and prospect of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.
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Ling Zhang, Ling Zhang. "Applications, Challenges and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000690/jcsp/42.05.2020.
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Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been rapidly developed and widely applied in antimicrobial, biosensors, nanomedicine, nano-electronic technology, reinforcement, water treatment, and so on. However, there are also many problems and challenges during using and developing nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Are they secure enough for the health of human beings? Do they cause the environmental pollution? And how can we sustainably develop nanomaterial and nanotechnology? In this review, we introduced the applications, potential threats and hazards, and development and prospect of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.
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Eisenstat, Joshua, Dennis Gotthardt, Rebecca Assor, Liam Dempsey, and Muhammad Hasibul Hasan. "A Comparative Review of Material Properties for Current and Future Dental Filling Nanomaterials." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.04.2021.01.
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ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials observe specialized properties relative to gross materials. Due to their small size, specialized nanomaterial properties include decreased reactivity, an increased surface area to volume ratio, heightened structural properties, and in some cases, antimicrobial and antibacterial effects. Current researchers are looking to use nanoparticle/nanomaterial properties to solve prevalent dental issues that cannot be addressed with traditionally used materials. This paper will serve as an extensive review of current nanomaterial applications as they pertain to dental fillings and dental filling processes. Comparative assessments of traditional materials used in dental fillings will be made as well as comparative assessments of currently used nanomaterials in dental fillings. Material comparisons are based on criteria pertaining to biocompatibility, toxicity, reactivity, cost, and antimicrobial/antibacterial properties. When comparing the three most currently used dental filling nanomaterials – Carbon-Based Nanotubes, Silica Nanoparticles and Silver-Coated Nanoparticles – it was observed that Silica Nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest material advantage and should be recommended for continued use. Issues regarding future developmental dental filling applications of graphene nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles will also be discussed.
Keywords: Nanomaterials, antibacterial, dental fillings, silica resins, biocompatibility.
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Vilímová, Iveta, Katel Hervé-Aubert, and Igor Chourpa. "Formation of miRNA Nanoprobes—Conjugation Approaches Leading to the Functionalization." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238428.
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Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) captured the interest as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, with their potential for early indication of numerous pathologies. Since miRNA is a short, non-coding RNA sequence, the sensitivity and selectivity of their detection remain a cornerstone of scientific research. As such, methods based on nanomaterials have emerged in hopes of developing fast and facile approaches. At the core of the detection method based on nanotechnology lie nanoprobes and other functionalized nanomaterials. Since miRNA sensing and detection are generally rooted in the capture of target miRNA with the complementary sequence of oligonucleotides, the sequence needs to be attached to the nanomaterial with a specific conjugation strategy. As each nanomaterial has its unique properties, and each conjugation approach presents its drawbacks and advantages, this review offers a condensed overview of the conjugation approaches in nanomaterial-based miRNA sensing. Starting with a brief recapitulation of specific properties and characteristics of nanomaterials that can be used as a substrate, the focus is then centered on covalent and non-covalent bonding chemistry, leading to the functionalization of the nanomaterials, which are the most commonly used in miRNA sensing methods.
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Garriga, Rosa, Tania Herrero-Continente, Miguel Palos, Vicente L. Cebolla, Jesús Osada, Edgar Muñoz, and María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi. "Toxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Potential Application as Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Studies in Caco-2 and MCF-7 Cell Lines." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081617.
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Carbon nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in biomedicine recently to be used as drug nanocarriers suitable for medical treatments, due to their large surface area, high cellular internalization and preferential tumor accumulation, that enable these nanomaterials to transport chemotherapeutic agents preferentially to tumor sites, thereby reducing drug toxic side effects. However, there are widespread concerns on the inherent cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, which remains controversial to this day, with studies demonstrating conflicting results. We investigated here in vitro toxicity of various carbon nanomaterials in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanoplatelets (CNP), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (GO) and nanodiamonds (ND) were systematically compared, using Pluronic F-127 dispersant. Cell viability after carbon nanomaterial treatment followed the order CNP < CNH < RGO < CNT < GO < ND, being the effect more pronounced on the more rapidly dividing Caco-2 cells. CNP produced remarkably high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, the potential of these materials as nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery of doxorubicin and camptothecin anticancer drugs was also compared. In all cases the carbon nanomaterial/drug complexes resulted in improved anticancer activity compared to that of the free drug, being the efficiency largely dependent of the carbon nanomaterial hydrophobicity and surface chemistry. These fundamental studies are of paramount importance as screening and risk-to-benefit assessment towards the development of smart carbon nanomaterial-based nanocarriers.
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Valsami-Jones, E., D. Berhanu, A. Dybowska, S. Misra, A. R. Boccaccini, T. D. Tetley, S. N. Luoma, and J. A. Plant. "Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515.
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AbstractIn recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due to poor description of the nanomaterial or incomplete characterization, including failure to recognise impurities, surface modifications or other important physicochemical aspects of the nanomaterial. Herew em ake a casef or the importance of good quality, well-characterized nanomaterials for future toxicological studies, combined with reliable synthesis protocols, and we present our efforts to generate such materials. The model system for which we present results is TiO2 nanoparticles, currently used in a variety of commercial products.
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Rahman, Md Mahfuzur, Mohaiminul Islam, Rakesh Roy, Hassan Younis, Maryam AlNahyan, and Hammad Younes. "Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Lubricants: Review of Recent Developments." Lubricants 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10110281.
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This review article summarizes the progress of research on carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants witnessed in recent years. Carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes and carbon nanostructures, are at the center of current tribological research on attaining superior lubrication performance. The development of nanomaterial-based solid lubricants, lubricant additives and bulk materials and the related issues in their processing, characterization and applications as well as their tribological performance (coefficient of friction and wear rate) are listed in a structured tabulated form. Firstly, regarding nanomaterial-based solid lubricants, this study reveals that carbon nanomaterials such as graphite, graphene, graphene-based coatings and diamond-like carbon (DLC)-based coatings increase different tribological properties of solid lubricants. Secondly, this study summarizes the influence of graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon nanodiamonds, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanohorns and carbon spheres when they are used as an additive in lubricants. Thirdly, a structured tabulated overview is presented for the use of carbon nanomaterial-reinforced bulk material as lubricants, where graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanodiamonds are used as reinforcement. Additionally, the lubricity mechanism and superlubricity of carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants is also discussed. The impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on superlubricity is reviewed in detail. It is reported in the literature that graphene is the most prominent and widely used carbon nanomaterial in terms of all four regimes (solid lubricants, lubricating additives, bulk material reinforcement and superlubricity) for superior tribological properties. Furthermore, prospective challenges associated with lubricants based on carbon nanomaterials are identified along with future research directions.
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Xanthopoulou, Thoda, Boukos, Krishnamurthy, Dey, Roslyakov, Vekinis, Chroneos, and Levashov. "Effects of Precursor Concentration in Solvent and Nanomaterials Room Temperature Aging on the Growth Morphology and Surface Characteristics of Ni–NiO Nanocatalysts Produced by Dendrites Combustion during SCS." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224925.
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The morphology and surface characteristics of SCS(Solution Combustion Synthesis)-derived Ni–NiO nanocatalysts were studied. The ΤΕΜ results highlighted that the nanomaterial’s microstructure was modified by changing the reactants’ concentrations. The dendrites’ growth conditions were the main factors responsible for the observed changes in the nanomaterials’ crystallite size. Infrared camera measurements demonstrated a new type of combustion through dendrites. The XPS analysis revealed that the NiO structure resulted in the bridging of the oxygen structure that acted as an inhibitor of hydrogen adsorption on the catalytic surface and, consequently, the activity reduction. The RF-IGC indicated three different kinds of active sites with different energies of adsorption on the fresh catalyst and only one type on the aged catalyst. Aging of the nanomaterial was associated with changes in the microstructure of its surface by a gradual change in the chemical composition of the active centers.
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Yu, Wenlin, Qinpeng Dong, Wenbin Yu, Zonghua Qin, Xin Nie, Quan Wan, and Xiuli Chen. "Preparation of Halloysite/Ag2O Nanomaterials and Their Performance for Iodide Adsorption." Minerals 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030304.
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Halloysite/Ag2O (Hal/Ag2O) nanomaterials were prepared by growing Ag2O nanoparticles on the surface of nanotubular halloysite using silver nitrate solution under alkaline conditions. The nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption. Good dispersion of Ag2O nanoparticles with average sizes of 6.07 ± 2.5 nm and 8.04 ± 3.8 nm was achieved in the nanomaterials when using different concentrations of alkali. The nanomaterial with 6.36% Ag2O (Hal/Ag2O-2) exhibited rapid adsorption to iodide (I−); adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 100 min. The adsorption capacity of I− on Hal/Ag2O-2 is 57.5 mg/g, which is more than 143 times higher than that of halloysite. The nanomaterial also showed a better adsorption capacity per unit mass of Ag2O due to the better dispersion and less coaggregation of Ag2O in the nanomaterial than in the pure Ag2O nanoparticles. Importantly, Hal/Ag2O-2 exhibited high selectivity for I−, and its I− removal efficiency was hardly affected by the coexistence of Cl−, Br−, or SO42−, as well as the initial pH of the solution. With an excellent adsorption performance, the prepared Hal/Ag2O nanomaterial could be a new and efficient adsorbent capable of the adsorption of radioactive I− from aqueous solution.
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Shinde, Mahesh Uttamrao, Mohsina Patwekar, Faheem Patwekar, Majed A. Bajaber, Anuradha Medikeri, Firdous Sayeed Mohammad, Mohammad Mukim, Sanjay Soni, Jewel Mallick, and Talha Jawaid. "Nanomaterials: A Potential Hope for Life Sciences from Bench to Bedside." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5968131.
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In this review we hope to explain regarding nanoparticles (NPs), Nanoparticles are very small materials that range from 1 to 100 nm size. And the subclasses of nanoparticles are mentioned. Nanomaterials are formulated by nanoparticles. Research on nanomaterials is used to improve in material technology and synthesis gained the support. Nanomaterials are gradually becoming popularized and starting to arise as commodities. Nanotechnology refers to a set of scientific disciplines and designing where peculiarities that occur at aspects in the nanometre scale are used in the plan, characterization, formulation and use of materials, structures gadgets and system. Here application of nanomaterial and nanotechnology is explained. The use of nanomaterials in the production of biosensors for detection of pathogens, formulation of nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of antibiotics, Nanomedicines and the application of nanotechnology in food business Etc were discussed. Hazards and risk of nanomaterials are studied under nanotoxicology. Nanotechnology is ab arising science as would be considered normal to have quick areas of strength for improvements. It is anticipated to contribute altogether to financial development and occupation creation in the next few decades.
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Pang, Qian, Zilian Jiang, Kaihao Wu, Ruixia Hou, and Yabin Zhu. "Nanomaterials-Based Wound Dressing for Advanced Management of Infected Wound." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020351.
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The effective prevention and treatment of bacterial infections is imperative to wound repair and the improvement of patient outcomes. In recent years, nanomaterials have been extensively applied in infection control and wound healing due to their special physiochemical and biological properties. Incorporating antibacterial nanomaterials into wound dressing has been associated with improved biosafety and enhanced treatment outcomes compared to naked nanomaterials. In this review, we discuss progress in the application of nanomaterial-based wound dressings for advanced management of infected wounds. Focus is given to antibacterial therapy as well as the all-in-one detection and treatment of bacterial infections. Notably, we highlight progress in the use of nanoparticles with intrinsic antibacterial performances, such as metals and metal oxide nanoparticles that are capable of killing bacteria and reducing the drug-resistance of bacteria through multiple antimicrobial mechanisms. In addition, we discuss nanomaterials that have been proven to be ideal drug carriers for the delivery and release of antimicrobials either in passive or in stimuli-responsive manners. Focus is given to nanomaterials with the ability to kill bacteria based on the photo-triggered heat (photothermal therapy) or ROS (photodynamic therapy), due to their unparalleled advantages in infection control. Moreover, we highlight examples of intelligent nanomaterial-based wound dressings that can detect bacterial infections in-situ while providing timely antibacterial therapy for enhanced management of infected wounds. Finally, we highlight challenges associated with the current nanomaterial-based wound dressings and provide further perspectives for future improvement of wound healing.
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Naskar, Atanu, and Kwang-sun Kim. "Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Wound-Healing Therapeutics." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060499.
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Nanomaterial-based wound healing has tremendous potential for treating and preventing wound infections with its multiple benefits compared with traditional treatment approaches. In this regard, the physiochemical properties of nanomaterials enable researchers to conduct extensive studies on wound-healing applications. Nonetheless, issues concerning the use of nanomaterials in accelerating the efficacy of existing medical treatments remain unresolved. The present review highlights novel approaches focusing on the recent innovative strategies for wound healing and infection controls based on nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and scaffolds, which are elucidated in detail. In addition, the efficacy of nanomaterials as carriers for therapeutic agents associated with wound-healing applications has been addressed. Finally, nanomaterial-based scaffolds and their premise for future studies have been described. We believe that the in-depth analytical review, future insights, and potential challenges described herein will provide researchers an up-to-date reference on the use of nanomedicine and its innovative approaches that can enhance wound-healing applications.
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Shaik, Aabid Hussain, Saboor Shaik, Sparsh Goyal, Mohammed Rehaan Chandan, Ibham Veza, Abdulrajak Buradi, and Ibrahim M. Alarifi. "A Review on Environmental and Economic Impact of 2D Nanomaterials-Based Heat Transfer Fluids." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (July 19, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3443360.
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2D nanomaterials-based heat transfer fluids show excellent thermal properties due to their large specific surface area; hence, they find large-scale applications in automobile industries and cooling processes. Therefore, it is very essential to study the environmental and economic aspects of these 2D nanomaterial-based nanofluids. In this review, we have discussed the environmental impact of 2D nanomaterial-based heat transfer nanofluids under various conditions. The environmental impact analysis of these materials has shown excellent capability in reducing the energy consumption for heat transfer operations. Moreover, the possibility of nanomaterials and base fluid recovery makes it a sustainable alternative. In addition, health risk assessment on humans, cytotoxicity, and life cycle analysis have also been explored. The price-performance index has been successfully used to study the economic impact of 2D nanomaterial-based heat transfer fluids. The overall economic impact of 2D nanomaterial-based heat transfer nanofluids provides an optimistic perspective over conventional heat transfer fluids. Moreover, graphene production, market trend, and commercialization obstacles were also discussed.
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Meng, Ya Li, and Jun Quan Zhu. "Application of Nanomaterial in Sports and its Safety Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.36.
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The nanomaterial have been widely used in the stadium, sports turf, track, sports apparel, sports equipment and sports supplements, but nanomaterials may have a negative impact on the cell, lung, liver, kidney and brain tissue, biological safety. So we should pay attention to and strengthen the biological study of nanomaterials when we are making full use of positive effect of nanomaterials in developing sports engineering.
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Li, Muyang, Ragini Singh, Yiran Wang, Carlos Marques, Bingyuan Zhang, and Santosh Kumar. "Advances in Novel Nanomaterial-Based Optical Fiber Biosensors—A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100843.
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This article presents a concise summary of current advancements in novel nanomaterial-based optical fiber biosensors. The beneficial optical and biological properties of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticle size-dependent signal amplification, plasmon resonance, and charge-transfer capabilities, are widely used in biosensing applications. Due to the biocompatibility and bioreceptor combination, the nanomaterials enhance the sensitivity, limit of detection, specificity, and response time of sensing probes, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio of fiber optic biosensing platforms. This has established a practical method for improving the performance of fiber optic biosensors. With the aforementioned outstanding nanomaterial properties, the development of fiber optic biosensors has been efficiently promoted. This paper reviews the application of numerous novel nanomaterials in the field of optical fiber biosensing and provides a brief explanation of the fiber sensing mechanism.
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Babuska, Vaclav, Phanindra Babu Kasi, Petra Chocholata, Lucie Wiesnerova, Jana Dvorakova, Radana Vrzakova, Anna Nekleionova, Lukas Landsmann, and Vlastimil Kulda. "Nanomaterials in Bone Regeneration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136793.
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Nanomaterials are promising in the development of innovative therapeutic options that include tissue and organ replacement, as well as bone repair and regeneration. The expansion of new nanoscaled biomaterials is based on progress in the field of nanotechnologies, material sciences, and biomedicine. In recent decades, nanomaterial systems have bridged the line between the synthetic and natural worlds, leading to the emergence of a new science called nanomaterial design for biological applications. Nanomaterials replicating bone properties and providing unique functions help in bone tissue engineering. This review article is focused on nanomaterials utilized in or being explored for the purpose of bone repair and regeneration. After a brief overview of bone biology, including a description of bone cells, matrix, and development, nanostructured materials and different types of nanoparticles are discussed in detail.
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He, Yujuan, Ki-Joong Kim, and Chih-hung Chang. "Segmented Microfluidic Flow Reactors for Nanomaterial Synthesis." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071421.
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Microfluidic reactors have remarkably promoted the synthesis and investigation of advanced nanomaterials due to their continuous mode and accelerated heat/mass transfer. Notably, segmented microfluidic flow reactors (SMFRs) are an important class of microfluidic reactors that have been developed to accurately manipulate nanomaterial synthesis by further improvement of the residence time distributions and unique flow behaviors. This review provided a survey of the nanomaterial synthesis in SMFRs for the aspects of fluid dynamics, flow patterns, and mass transfer among and within distinct phases and provided examples of the synthesis of versatile nanomaterials via the use of different flow patterns.
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Kumar, Santosh, Zhi Wang, Wen Zhang, Xuecheng Liu, Muyang Li, Guoru Li, Bingyuan Zhang, and Ragini Singh. "Optically Active Nanomaterials and Its Biosensing Applications—A Review." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010085.
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This article discusses optically active nanomaterials and their optical biosensing applications. In addition to enhancing their sensitivity, these nanomaterials also increase their biocompatibility. For this reason, nanomaterials, particularly those based on their chemical compositions, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic-based nanomaterials, organic-based nanomaterials, and composite-based nanomaterials for biosensing applications are investigated thoroughly. These nanomaterials are used extensively in the field of fiber optic biosensing to improve response time, detection limit, and nature of specificity. Consequently, this article describes contemporary and application-based research that will be of great use to researchers in the nanomaterial-based optical sensing field. The difficulties encountered during the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials are also enumerated, and their future prospects are outlined for the reader’s benefit.
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Dong, Chenbo, Reem Eldawud, Linda M. Sargent, Michael L. Kashon, David Lowry, Yon Rojanasakul, and Cerasela Zoica Dinu. "Carbon nanotube uptake changes the biomechanical properties of human lung epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 19 (2015): 3983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00179j.
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Jiang, Yi Pai, and Yan Xiu Wang. "Study of Sport Devices Based on Nanomaterial." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.75.
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The nanomaterials have been widely used in stadiums, sports turf, athletics track, sports apparel, sports equipment and sports supplements, nanomaterial into the body may bring cell lung tissue, liver and kidney tissue, brain tissue negative impact, there are some biological safety hazard. Take full advantage of the positive effects on the development of Sports Engineering nanomaterials should be paid attention to and strengthen the study of biological nanomaterials.
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Jemima Priyadarshini, S., and D. Jude Hemanth. "Investigation of Nanomaterial Dipoles for SAR Reduction in Human Head." Frequenz 73, no. 5-6 (May 27, 2019): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0220.
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Abstract The Nanomaterial is a pioneer in the field of modern research for its unique properties. Human exposure analysis is inevitable due to the rapid growth in technology. The concern for human welfare indicates a need for reduction of human exposure towards the radiation caused by the devices. The dielectric properties of the nanomaterials can be ideal for exploration in the field of biomedical engineering. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a vital parameter for exposure analysis. This paper investigates the impact of Nanomaterials on the human exposure analysis. For this purpose, a dipole radiating structure operating at GSM frequency of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz are designed with conventional Copper material and compared with Carbon nanomaterials such as Graphene, Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for performance evaluation. Further, the specific absorption rate estimates absorption of radiation in IEEE Sam phantom human head with equivalent tissue properties. The comparison of calculated SAR with the radiating structures that are designed with the equivalent properties of that of Nanomaterials. The evaluation of Nanomaterial Antennas at the center frequency is estimated, and performance is evaluated. The designed Nanomaterials interact with IEEE SAM Phantom and SAR is calculated. The analysis of SAR impact with nanomaterials is investigated in this work.
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Zhang, Peng, Lei Wang, Hua Wei, and Juan Wang. "A Critical Review on Effect of Nanomaterials on Workability and Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8827124.
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The application of nanomaterials in high-performance concrete (HPC) has been extensively studied worldwide due to their large surface areas, small particle sizes, filling effects, and macroquantum tunneling effects. The addition of nanomaterials in HPC has great contribution to enhancing the pore size of the cementitious matrix, improving the hydration of cement, and making the matrix much denser. In order to present an exhaustive insight into the feasibility of HPC reinforced with nanomaterials, the new development of HPC was summarized and the influence of different nanomaterials on the properties of HPC was reviewed based on more than 100 recent studies in this literature review. Workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength properties of HPC with nanomaterials were discussed in detail. In addition, nanomaterial-modified HPC was compared with the traditional concrete and obtained a lot of valuable results. The results in the present review indicate that the addition of various nanomaterials improves the mechanical properties of HPC, while reducing the workability of HPC. However, there is an optimal dosage of nanomaterial for improving the mechanical properties of HPC. Improving the properties of HPC by adding nanomaterials is expected to become a mainstream technique in the future. This literature review can provide comprehensive and systematic knowledge to researchers and engineers working on HPC and promote the application of this new HPC in modern civil engineering.
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Huang, Kai, Qingqing Dou, and Xian Jun Loh. "Nanomaterial mediated optogenetics: opportunities and challenges." RSC Advances 6, no. 65 (2016): 60896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11289g.
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McCourt, Kelli M., Jarad Cochran, Sabah M. Abdelbasir, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Olga V. Tsyusko, and Diana C. Vanegas. "Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121082.
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Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Zhu, Lan, Lingling Chen, Jiangjiang Gu, Huixin Ma, and Honghong Wu. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture: Their Application as Light Converters, Nanosensors, and Delivery Tools." Plants 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11040511.
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Nano-enabled agriculture is now receiving increasing attentions. Among the used nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials are good candidates for sustainable agriculture. Previous review papers about the role of carbon-based nanomaterials in agriculture are either focused on one type of carbon-based nanomaterial or lack systematic discussion of the potential wide applications in agriculture. In this review, different types of carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in light converters, nanosensors, and delivery tools in agriculture are summarized. Possible knowledge gaps are discussed. Overall, this review helps to better understand the role and the potential of carbon-based nanomaterials for nano-enabled agriculture.
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Park, Sehyun, Hojoong Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Woon-Hong Yeo. "Advanced Nanomaterials, Printing Processes, and Applications for Flexible Hybrid Electronics." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163587.
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Recent advances in nanomaterial preparation and printing technologies provide unique opportunities to develop flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) for various healthcare applications. Unlike the costly, multi-step, and error-prone cleanroom-based nano-microfabrication, the printing of nanomaterials offers advantages, including cost-effectiveness, high-throughput, reliability, and scalability. Here, this review summarizes the most up-to-date nanomaterials, methods of nanomaterial printing, and system integrations to fabricate advanced FHE in wearable and implantable applications. Detailed strategies to enhance the resolution, uniformity, flexibility, and durability of nanomaterial printing are summarized. We discuss the sensitivity, functionality, and performance of recently reported printed electronics with application areas in wearable sensors, prosthetics, and health monitoring implantable systems. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is in the summary of the essential requirements of material properties, mechanisms for printed sensors, and electronics.
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Kustono, Djoko, Poppy Puspitasari, Muhammad Al Irsyad, Aisya Nursabrina, and Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta. "Identification of Occupational Accident Risks in Nanomaterial Laboratories in Higher Education Based on Human Factors." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2021.002.01.12.
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The article describes a concept of health and safety to conduct research in Nanomaterial Laboratory in Two Public University in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The utilization of nanomaterials in the world of education has been done in two universities in Malang, namely Malang State University and Brawijaya University. The nanomaterial laboratory as a means for research and development of nanomaterial science that often creates hazards and risks of work accidents for its users, but things that are often not realized. Dangers and risks of work accidents caused by the absence of standards. This research focuses on hazards and accidents in the nanomaterial laboratory using the HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) method, which is then followed by a variety of independent variables. The population in this study were nanomaterial researchers at two universities in Malang. Based on the results of trials between respondents 'competency expertise with the level of risk of workplace accidents in the nanomaterial laboratory obtained p- value 0.00 (<0.05), meaning that there is a significant relationship between the respondents' scientific conservation and the level of work accident risk in the nanomaterials laboratory. Furthermore, the results of the study were also obtained between the research respondents with the level of risk of work accidents in the nanomaterial laboratory with a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05), meaning that there was a significant correlation between the respondent's research experience and the level of work accident risk in the nanomaterial laboratory.
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Rónavári, Andrea, Nóra Igaz, Dóra I. Adamecz, Bettina Szerencsés, Csaba Molnar, Zoltán Kónya, Ilona Pfeiffer, and Monika Kiricsi. "Green Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: Biological Synthesis Approaches and Potentials for Biomedical Applications." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040844.
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The nanomaterial industry generates gigantic quantities of metal-based nanomaterials for various technological and biomedical applications; however, concomitantly, it places a massive burden on the environment by utilizing toxic chemicals for the production process and leaving hazardous waste materials behind. Moreover, the employed, often unpleasant chemicals can affect the biocompatibility of the generated particles and severely restrict their application possibilities. On these grounds, green synthetic approaches have emerged, offering eco-friendly, sustainable, nature-derived alternative production methods, thus attenuating the ecological footprint of the nanomaterial industry. In the last decade, a plethora of biological materials has been tested to probe their suitability for nanomaterial synthesis. Although most of these approaches were successful, a large body of evidence indicates that the green material or entity used for the production would substantially define the physical and chemical properties and as a consequence, the biological activities of the obtained nanomaterials. The present review provides a comprehensive collection of the most recent green methodologies, surveys the major nanoparticle characterization techniques and screens the effects triggered by the obtained nanomaterials in various living systems to give an impression on the biomedical potential of green synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles.
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Özçoban, Mehmet Şükrü, and Seren Acarer. "Investigation of the Effect of Leachate on Permeability and Heavy Metal Removal in Soils Improved with Nano Additives." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 6104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126104.
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Soils with low permeability are widely used in solid waste landfills to prevent leakage of leachate into groundwater. By adding nanomaterials to clay soils, the permeability of the clay can be reduced as well as the retention of pollutants in the leachate. In this study, three different nanomaterials, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and Oltu clay, were added to kaolin at two different rates (1% and 5%), and the effect of nanomaterials on permeability and heavy metal (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and lead) removal rate was investigated. According to the experimental results, permeability decreased, and the heavy metal removal rate increased with increasing nanomaterial content in kaolin. With the addition of 5% iron oxide, 5% aluminum oxide, and 5% Oltu clay to kaolin, the average permeability decreased by 63%, 81%, and 96%, respectively. Iron (90–93%), manganese (47–75%), zinc (39–50%), copper (33–41%), and lead (36–49%) removal rates of nanomaterial-added kaolin samples were found to be higher than the removal rates of kaolin without nanomaterial addition. Oltu clay, which has the smallest size and high surface area, performed better than aluminum oxide and iron oxide in reducing the permeability of kaolin and retaining heavy metals.
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Wigger, Henning, Wendel Wohlleben, and Bernd Nowack. "Redefining environmental nanomaterial flows: consequences of the regulatory nanomaterial definition on the results of environmental exposure models." Environmental Science: Nano 5, no. 6 (2018): 1372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en00137e.
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Zhao, Zhi Qin, Ren Juan Sun, Gong Feng Xin, Shan Shan Wei, and Da Wei Huang. "A Review: Application of Nanomaterials in Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2881.
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In this paper, the current situation of nanomaterials used in concrete were introduced, mechanism of nanomaterilas was reviewed. Recent application of nanomaterilas in special concrete such as air purified concrete, eco-concrete, high tenacity concrete were present.
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Zou, Liang, Ke Xu, Huihui Tian, and Ying Fang. "Remote neural regulation mediated by nanomaterials." Nanotechnology 33, no. 27 (April 20, 2022): 272002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac62b1.
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Abstract Neural regulation techniques play an essential role in the functional dissection of neural circuits and also the treatment of neurological diseases. Recently, a series of nanomaterials, including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and silicon nanomaterials (SNMs) that are responsive to remote optical or magnetic stimulation, have been applied as transducers to facilitate localized control of neural activities. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation, especially in a remote and minimally invasive manner. We first give an overview of existing neural stimulation techniques, including electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, chemogenetics, and optogenetics, with an emphasis on their current limitations. Then we focus on recent developments in nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation, including UCNP-mediated fiberless optogenetics, MNP-mediated magnetic neural regulation, and SNM-mediated non-genetic neural regulation. Finally, we discuss the possibilities and challenges for nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation.
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Buitrago, Elina, Anna Maria Novello, Alke Fink, Michael Riediker, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, and Thierry Meyer. "NanoSafe III: A User Friendly Safety Management System for Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Small Facilities." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102768.
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Research in nanoscience continues to bring forward a steady stream of new nanomaterials and processes that are being developed and marketed. While scientific committees and expert groups deal with the harmonization of terminology and legal challenges, risk assessors in research labs continue to have to deal with the gap between regulations and rapidly developing information. The risk assessment of nanomaterial processes is currently slow and tedious because it is performed on a material-by-material basis. Safety data sheets are rarely available for (new) nanomaterials, and even when they are, they often lack nano-specific information. Exposure estimations or measurements are difficult to perform and require sophisticated and expensive equipment and personal expertise. The use of banding-based risk assessment tools for laboratory environments is an efficient way to evaluate the occupational risks associated with nanomaterials. Herein, we present an updated version of our risk assessment tool for working with nanomaterials based on a three-step control banding approach and the precautionary principle. The first step is to determine the hazard band of the nanomaterial. A decision tree allows the assignment of the material to one of three bands based on known or expected effects on human health. In the second step, the work exposure is evaluated and the processes are classified into three “nano” levels for each specific hazard band. The work exposure is estimated using a laboratory exposure model. The result of this calculation in combination with recommended occupational exposure limits (rOEL) for nanomaterials and an additional safety factor gives the final “nano” level. Finally, we update the technical, organizational, and personal protective measures to allow nanomaterial processes to be established in research environments.
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Wei, Feng, Yan Cui, Xiang Gao, and Jing Xie. "Preparation of Nanoparticles Modified by Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Its Adoption in Surgical Treatment of Thrombus Targeted Thrombolysis." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3852.
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This research aimed to expand the nanomaterial-based drug loading method for the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment of acute phase thrombolysis in ischemic stroke. In this research, the coprecipitation method was used to prepare Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterials. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) was coated on the surface of the nanomaterials. The nanomaterials were subjected to hydroxyl activation treatment so that it could be connected to rtPA. By EDC/NHSS method, rtPA was covalently attached to the surface of nanomaterials to form a composite nanomaterial that was modified by rtPA, which was FPA-rtPA. Firstly, the material was characterized, then the pharmacokinetics of the material was evaluated. Finally, the thrombus targeting and thrombolytic properties of the material were analyzed. In the experiment, Fe3O4, FPA, PAA, and FPA-PAA were monitored by FT-IR, the peak value of PAA at 1834 cm–1 meant C=O group, and PAA-FPA had a similar peak, each milligram of nanomaterial can be combined with 80.6 μg ± 1.4 μg of rtPA. In the pharmacokinetic test, the half-life of FPA-rtPA was 90 min, which was much higher than the half-life of rtPA in the free state (P < 0.001), so it was suitable as a targeted thrombolytic preparation; the fluorescence intensity of the FPA-rtPA group combined with the fibrin blood clot was significantly stronger than the FPA group, and rtPA-FPA can target fibrin thrombosis in the cerebral thrombosis model. After comparing the postoperative cerebral infarction area, the rtPA-FPA-based group of rats had a significant decrease in cerebral infarction area (P < 0.001), thus the nanomaterials had better thrombolytic properties.
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David, Christopher A. W., Michael Barrow, Patricia Murray, Matthew J. Rosseinsky, Andrew Owen, and Neill J. Liptrott. "In Vitro Determination of the Immunogenic Impact of Nanomaterials on Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165610.
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Investigation of the potential for nanomaterials to generate immunogenic effects is a key aspect of a robust preclinical evaluation. In combination with physicochemical characterization, such assessments also provide context for how material attributes influence biological outcomes. Furthermore, appropriate models for these assessments allow accurate in vitro to in vivo extrapolation, which is vital for the mechanistic understanding of nanomaterial action. Here we have assessed the immunogenic impact of a small panel of commercially available and in-house prepared nanomaterials on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-dex) functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) generated detectable quantities of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-10, the only tested material to do so. The human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 was used to assess the potential for the nanomaterial panel to affect cellular oxidation-reduction (REDOX) via measurement of reactive oxygen species and reduced glutathione. Negatively charged sulfonate-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles demonstrated a size-related trend for the inhibition of caspase-1, which was not observed for amine-functionalized polystyrene of similar sizes. Silica nanoparticles (310 nm) resulted in a 93% increase in proliferation compared to the untreated control (p < 0.01). No other nanomaterial treatments resulted in significant change from that of unstimulated PBMCs. Responses to the nanomaterials in the assays described demonstrate the utility of primary cells as ex vivo models for nanomaterial biological impact.