Academic literature on the topic 'NANOMATERIAL MODIFIED PAPER'
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Journal articles on the topic "NANOMATERIAL MODIFIED PAPER"
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Feng, Lei, Peng Zhao, Tongdan Chen, and Minghai Jing. "Comparative Study of Octavinyl Oligomeric Sesquisiloxane Nanomaterial-Modified Asphalt Using Molecular Dynamics Method." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 4577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214577.
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This paper mainly studies the compatibility and properties of octavinyl oligomeric silsesquioxane nanomaterial (nano-OvPOSS)-modified asphalt, in comparison with those of traditional zinc oxide nanomaterial (nano-ZnO) and silica nanomaterial (nano-SiO2), through the method of molecular dynamics simulation. Nano-OvPOSS, an organic–inorganic nano-hybrid material, is studied for the first time in the application of asphalt modification. By studying different sizes and types of nanomaterials, this paper elucidates the superiority of nano-OvPOSS as an asphalt modifier owing to the unique microstructure of eight organic groups of its inorganic framework. According to the results, nano-OvPOSS does not aggregate in the modified asphalt system and displays the best compatibility with asphalt when compared with nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO. Moreover, nano-OvPOSS exhibits the most favorable compatibility with resinous oil out of the four asphalt components. The size of nano-OvPOSS determines its compatibility with asphalt. The smaller the particle size of nano-OvPOSS, the better its compatibility with asphalt. Therefore, out of all the four sizes of nano-OvPOSS (4.4 Å, 7 Å, 10 Å, and 20 Å) adopted in this study, the 4.4 Å nano-OvPOSS exhibits the best compatibility with asphalt. Additionally, compared with nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO, nano-OvPOSS is capable of attracting more asphalt molecules around it so that it reduces the largest amount of ratio of free volume (RFV) of matrix asphalt, which can be reduced by 9.4%. Besides these characteristics, the addition of nano-OvPOSS into the matrix asphalt contributes to higher heat capacity, bulk modulus, and shear modulus of the asphalt system, which were increased by 14.3%, 74.7%, and 80.2%, respectively, thereby guaranteeing a more desirable temperature stability and deformation resistance in the asphalt system. Accordingly, nano-OvPOSS can be employed as a viable asphalt modifier to ensure a well-rounded performance of modified asphalt.
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Kumar, Saurabh, Chandra Mouli Pandey, Amir Hatamie, Abdolreza Simchi, Magnus Willander, and Bansi D. Malhotra. "Nanomaterial‐Modified Conducting Paper: Fabrication, Properties, and Emerging Biomedical Applications." Global Challenges 3, no. 12 (September 9, 2019): 1900041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900041.
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Huseien, Ghasan Fahim. "A Review on Concrete Composites Modified with Nanoparticles." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7020067.
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Recently, various nanomaterials have extensively been used to achieve sustainability goals in the construction sector. Thus, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review involving the uses of different nanomaterials for production of high-performance cementitious, geopolymer, and alkali-activated concrete composites. The effects of nanomaterials on the fresh properties, mechanical properties, and durability of diverse nanoparticle-modified concrete composites are analyzed. The past developments, recent trends, environmental impact, sustainability, notable benefits, and demerits of various nanomaterial-based concrete production are emphasized. It is demonstrated that nanomaterials including SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and Fe2O3, etc., can be used effectively to enhance the microstructures and mechanical characteristics (such as compressive strength, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths) of the modified concrete composites, thus improving their anti-erosion, anti-chloride penetration, and other durability traits. In short, this communication may provide deep insight into the role of diverse nanoparticle inclusion in concrete composites to improve their overall attributes.
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Polonina, E. N., S. N. Leonovich, B. M. Khroustalev, E. A. Sadovskaya, and N. A. Budrevich. "Cement-Based Materials Modified with Nanoscale Additives." Science & Technique 20, no. 3 (June 3, 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-3-189-194.
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The most common and reliable material without which modern construction is indispensable is concrete. The development of construction production is pushing for new solutions to improve the quality of concrete mix and concrete. The most demanded and significant indicators of a concrete mixture are the compressive strength and mobility of the concrete mixture. Every year, the volume of research on nanomaterials as modifying components of concrete is significantly increasing, and the results indicate the prospects for their use. Nanoparticles with a large specific surface are distinguished by chemical activity, can accelerate hydration and increase strength characteristics due to nucleation and subsequent formation of C–S–H and compaction of the material microstructure. Sol of nanosilica, which can be used instead of microsilica from industrial enterprises, and carbon nanomaterial have a wide reproduction base. This paper presents studies of these types of nanomaterials and the results of their application in cement concrete. Studies have shown that the effect is also observed with the introduction of an additive containing only one type of nanoparticles. The dependence of the obtained characteristics of cement concretes on the content of these nanomaterials has been established. It has been found that the best results were obtained with an additive in which the above-mentioned nanomaterials were used together. Compressive strength of heavy concrete samples, improved by the complex nanodispersed system, was 78.7 MPa, which exceeds the strength of the sample containing the CNT additive in a pair with a super-plasticizer by 37 %. The paper proposes the mechanism for action of the presented complex additive.
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Xu, Zhong, Zhenpu Huang, Changjiang Liu, Hui Deng, Xiaowei Deng, David Hui, Xiaoli Zhang, and Zhijie Bai. "Research progress on key problems of nanomaterials-modified geopolymer concrete." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0056.
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Abstract The raw materials of geopolymer come from industrial wastes, which have the advantages of lower carbon emissions and less energy consumption compared with traditional cement products. However, it still has the disadvantages of low strength, easy cracking, and low production efficiency, which limit its engineering application and development. At present, with the application and development of nanotechnology in the field of materials, it is found that nanomaterials have a good filling effect on composites, which greatly improves the integrity of the composites. It has become a very popular research direction to optimize and improve the engineering application performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) by nanomaterials. The modification of nanomaterials can further improve the properties of GPC and expand its application fields in engineering and life. Based on people’s strong interest in nanomaterial-modified GPC and providing the latest and complete research status for further related work, this paper summarized the key technical problems in the field of nanomaterials-modified GPC in the past decade. Those include the modification mechanism, dispersion mode, and mechanical properties of nanomaterials. At the same time, the application bottlenecks and key problems of nanomaterials-modified GPC are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of future work in this field are discussed.
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Maleki, A., and B. Shahmoradi. "Solar degradation of Direct Blue 71 using surface modified iron doped ZnO hybrid nanomaterials." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 1923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.091.
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This paper reports photodegradation of Direct Blue 71 under irradiation by sunlight. We synthesized Fe:ZnO nanomaterials under mild hydrothermal conditions (P = autogenous, T = 100 °C, t = 18 h). The precursors were Fe2O3 as dopant, n-butylamine as surface modifier, NaOH as mineralizer and reagent grade ZnO. The systematic experiments on the photodegradation of Direct Blue 71 were carried out by changing different effective parameters. The variables in this study were type of nanomaterials synthesized (4 types), nanomaterial dosage (0.4–1.0 g/L), contact time (30–120 min), pH (3–11), and dye concentration (20–100 ppm). The photodegradation efficiency was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) amount was used to find out mineralization efficiency. Our experimental results revealed that the nanomaterials synthesized had higher efficiency compared with the reagent grade ZnO. The best efficiency was achieved at the following conditions: 1.0 g/L nanomaterials loading, 120 min contact time, pH 5, and photodegradation efficiency from more than 75 up to 99% depending upon the dye concentration.
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Kong, Hai Yan, and Ji Huan He. "A Modified Bubble Electrospinning for Fabrication of Nanofibers." Journal of Nano Research 23 (July 2013): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.23.125.
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This paper suggests a new method for fabrication of nanofibers with polymer liquid membrane, which is produced by a metal ring rotating through the polymer solution. The thickness of the produced membrane is thin and suitable for nanomaterial fabrication. In this paper the membrane is to form a polymer bubble by blowing air under the presence of a high electronic field, and multiple jets eject when the bubble is ruptured. The effect of applied voltage on the fiber diameter is studied.
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TRACHEVSKYI, V. V., and O. M. FAINLEIB. "MODIFICATION OF CEMENT-CONCRETE MIXTURES WITH POLYMER ADDITIVES, STRUCTURED CARBON NANOTUBES." Polymer journal 44, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.44.02.101.
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The use of complex modifiers for cement-concrete mixtures and concretes is becoming increasingly popular in modern materials science. The paper presents studies of the effect of a polymer additive structured with carbon nanomaterial on the physical and mechanical characteristics of cement-concrete mixtures. IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry revealed that the use of carbon nanomaterial significantly changes the structure of cement-concrete mixtures. As a result of the fact that high-strength nanomaterial is the center of crystallization of cement stone formations, a denser reinforced microstructure is formed, which significantly increases the strength characteristics of cement-concrete mixtures. Inclusion in the composition of cement-concrete mixtures of polymer complex additives leads to higher and longer plasticization, which plays an important role in the production of monolithic products. It is established that in the presence of a complex modifier (polymer additive structured with carbon nanotubes) the crystal structure of calcium hydrosilicates is compacted, which causes high physical and mechanical characteristics of modified cement-concrete mixtures. It is experimentally shown that the additive acts as an accelerator of hardening and hardening of cement paste, as well as increases its strength characteristics. In general, for all cement-concrete mixtures in this study there is a water-reducing effect of the additive. Water consumption decreases by 5 wt. %, while the strength increases by 19%. Formulations of cement-concrete mixtures modified with polymer additives, structured carbon nanotubes, with high performance characteristics have been developed.
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Zhou, Minyu, Yunfei Zhou, Yixin Cheng, Yanqi Wu, Jun Yang, and Zhiyue Lv. "Application of Gold-Based Nanomaterials in Tumor Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 739–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2938.
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Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive tumor treatment method in which photothermal conversion agents (PTAs) can be enriched in tumor tissue by external light stimulation to convert photon energy into thermal energy to induce the temperature of tumor tissue higher than normal physiological, and can effectively kill tumor cells and tissues while avoiding damage to healthy tissue. As a well-known biocompatible nanomaterial, gold-based nanomaterials have high photothermal conversion efficiency and cross section, which can be used in tumor targeting therapy treatment as a potential photothermal conversion agent. Combining PTT and chemotherapy can be achieved by loading a chemotherapeutic drug modified on the surface of a gold nanomaterials. Therefore, this paper first reviews the preparation and surface functionalization of Au-based nanomaterials, such as Au nanorods, Au nanostars, Au nanoshells, and so on. Second, we have also introduced the application of Au-based nanomaterials in PTT, chemotherapy, and combination therapy. Finally, the limitations and challenges of Au-based photothermal conversion agents are summarized and the development prospects in this field are prospected.
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Li, Li, Ting Wang, Yan Zhang, Caixia Xu, Lina Zhang, Xin Cheng, Hong Liu, Xiaodong Chen, and Jinghua Yu. "Editable TiO2 Nanomaterial-Modified Paper in Situ for Highly Efficient Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen by Photoelectrochemical Method." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 17 (April 11, 2018): 14594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b03632.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "NANOMATERIAL MODIFIED PAPER"
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SAIFI, ANAS. "DEVELOPMENT OF SCREEN PRINTED ELECTRODES BASED ON NANOMATERIAL MODIFIED PAPER FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION." Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15852.
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In this work, a new screen printed paper-based electrochemical sensor is developed as a low-cost and disposable point-of-care device for glucose detection. A cellulose paper disk is modified with biocomposite of reduced graphene oxide and glucose oxidase (rGO-GOx). Further, rGO-GOx modified paper electrode has been used as an electrochemical cell for storage of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- ions as mediator and phosphate buffer. The electrochemical signals are recorded by adding glucose to the modified paper disc which is placed on top of a SPE. This biosensor exhibited a linear range of 50 to 500 mg/dl glucose (R2 = 0.99), with a remarkable sensitivity of 0.331 μAdl/mg and a limit of detection of 0.12 mg/dl. This minaturized electrochemical setup is simple, lightweight, portable, low cost and is disposable.
Book chapters on the topic "NANOMATERIAL MODIFIED PAPER"
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Sánchez Calvo, Alberto, and María del Carmen Blanco Lopez. "Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals Based on Nanostructured, or Film-Modified Paper Electrodes." In Heavy Metals - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109956.
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Heavy metals have a huge impact on the environment due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation capacity. A great variety of methods can be used to the determination. The electrochemical methods are one of the best options due to their sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidness. They are based on the use of electrochemical cells made of different materials depending on the analyte to determine. An eco-friendly cheap option that has earned big importance is paper-based electrodes, which are formed by a cellulose matrix modified with conductive inks. Carbon ink is the most used, and it can be modified with nanoparticles to increase sensitivity. Alternatively, metallic surfaces or “films” such as mercury or bismuth can improve the determination of heavy metals because of their interactions with the film. This chapter focuses on the methods to determination of heavy metals based on their affinity with different nanomaterials or films on low-cost electrode substrates.
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Du, Boxue. "Oil and Paper Insulation for DC Converter Transformer." In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 537–65. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch024.
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Transformer oil and oil-impregnated paper, serve as the essential parts of converter transformer, suffering various electric fields. The accumulation of surface charge on the paper would lead to flashover. When the power flow of the HVDC system is reversed, the charge field will easily lead to discharge. Direct-fluorination is a method which could affect the material property without alternating the bulk property. Besides, a new type of nano-modified transformer oil is a method to improve properties. This chapter presents a study of the effect of fluorination on surface charge behavior, the effect of polarity reversal voltages on interface charge behavior and the effect of Boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles on the high thermal conductivity of transformer oil. Results show that fluorination had an influence on the chemical property of the paper and BN nanoparticles has improvements in heat transfer process. In the polarity reversal test, the dissipation rate becomes smaller as the reversal time gets longer.
Conference papers on the topic "NANOMATERIAL MODIFIED PAPER"
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Akinyede, Oladapo, Ram Mohan, Ajit Kelkar, Jag Sankar, and Ashish Pandya. "Processing and Characterization of Hybrid Nanoparticle Infused Structural Fiber Composites." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81731.
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Effective conventional manufacturing techniques are required to integrate the nanomaterial configurations into material systems at a larger component and structural level to obtain the enhanced benefits offered by the material configurations at the nano length scale. A low cost manufacturing process based on vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is demonstrated for the effective processing of fiber composite laminates using modified epoxy resin systems dispersed with nano and sub-micron alumina oxide particles. The effect of alumina oxide particles on the thermo physical properties (glass transition temperature, etc), are studied via differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Higher glass transition temperatures with the alumina oxide and other nano particulate systems provide an opportunity to use conventional resin systems in high temperature applications. Ultrasonic mixing is employed to uniformly disperse the particles into an epoxy resin system. The flow characteristics of the modified resin system are not significantly different than the neat resin system and allowed the use of traditional VARTM processes successfully. The details of the resin modification and current studies on particulate modification for better interfacial bond are discussed in this paper. Wear performance for reinforced plastics are also investigated in this paper. Composite laminates with S2 glass and modified resins are fabricated. The mechanical behavior of the fabricated composite laminates with the neat and modified resin system using different sized and loading of alumina oxide particles are presented and discussed.
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Al-Rubaye, Ahmed, Anton Chirica, and Ioan Bo?i. "THE INFLUENCE OF NANOMATERIALS ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF COHESIVE SOILS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s02.019.
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This paper experimentally investigated the effect of using nanomaterials to improve soft soils. Laboratory experimental tests were carried out on loessial soils collected from two different sites in Romania. Two different types of nanomaterials were used in this research, which is namely Nano-MgO with different percentages (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2%), and Nano-Al2O3 with percentages (0.5%,1%, and 2%), were added to the soil samples, to study their effect on the strength, consistency limits and compressibility of the soil. Treated soil samples were compacted using the modified Proctor test procedure and tested. The results of the investigations showed that the addition of nanomaterials to the soil may help to enhance the geotechnical properties. the compressibility and the strength of the treated soils increase with the increase in the amount of nanomaterials, Also, the addition of nanomaterials to the cohesive soils showed a small effect on the microstructure of the soil samples. As expected, the improvement is dependent on the type and amount of the nanomaterials. The results have been compared with 2% soil mixtures with cement.
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Farooq, Shah Zaib, T. G. Kil, and Haeng Ki Lee. "Heat-dependent electrical characteristics of CNT-based hybrid cementitious composites: Literature review." In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.237.
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<p>In recent years, many researchers have worked on the development of cementitious composites as self-heating components. To meet the requirements of self-heating composites, carbon-based nanomaterials have been considered as an electrically conductive filler in the cementitious matrix because of their excellent electrical and thermal characteristics. Most researches have focused on the heating performances of the CNT-incorporated hybrid cementitious composites, while fewer efforts were given to observe heat-dependent electrical characteristics of the modified cementitious composites under self-heating condition. In this regard, this paper summarizes recent studies in literature conducted to investigate heat-dependent electrical characteristics of cementitious composites with carbon-based nanomaterials.</p>
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Li, Yuan, Fujian Zhou, Bojun Li, Hang Xu, Erdong Yao, Minghui Li, and Lufeng Zhang. "Enhancement of Tight Oil Recovery by Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheets." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79920.
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Abstract Recently, nanofluid flooding has become one of the promising technologies in enhanced oil recovery. The agglomeration and the insufficient interfacial activity of nanoparticles in an aqueous solution are two major concerns affecting the application effect of nanofluids. Amphiphilic Janus nanomaterials make up for the deficiencies in both aspects compared with homogeneous modified nanomaterials. In this work, we investigate the potential use of an amphiphilic Janus molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet (JMDN) as an enhanced oil recovery agent. JMDN was synthesized by the SiO2 Template Method. Firstly, molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were adsorbed on the surface of SiO2 nano-microspheres as a single-sided modification. Then KOH was used to dissolve the SiO2 nano-microspheres, and the other side of the nano-sheet was modified to obtain JMDN. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to systematically characterize the morphology and structure of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. The properties such as wettability, stability and interfacial tension were tested. The effect of using JMDN on low-permeability reservoir recovery was emphasized. Low-permeability core flooding and microfluidic experiments were conducted with a concentration of 50ppm nanofluids. The JMDN with 40nm particle size was synthesized under certain conditions. The results of SEM showed it has 5–6 layers of nanostructures and TEM indicates that hydrophilic carboxyl group and hydrophobic alkyl group respectively exist in two sides of the nanosheet. The modified nanosheet can be stable for 7 days at 90°C. The contact angle experiment shows that the JMDN could effectively change rocks from oil-wet to water-wet. Oil-water interfacial tension is as low as 2.87 mN/m. The core flooding experiment show that the nanofluid could significantly increase oil recovery. Numerous studies focused on the uniform modification of nanomaterials in tight oil recovery. Compared with conventional nanomaterials, the JMDN could strip oil from rock surfaces more efficiently due to its amphiphilic structure. This paper reveals the physical and chemical properties of JMDN and provides a new and efficient nanofluid system for EOR.
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Hassan, Mervat S., Hassan El-Shall, and Chearly Beaty. "Some Aspects on Thermal Degradation of Organo-Layer Silicates." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47038.
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Naturally occurring silicates, like montmorillonite (MMT) have received much attention as reinforcement materials for polymers because of their potentially high aspect ratio and unique intercalation (exfoliation) characteristic. Montmorillonite is of particular interest because it has a layered structure typically about 1nm in thickness and a high aspect ratio ranging from 100 to 1500 that, with proper exfoliation, can lead to platelets with high stiffness and strength dispersed in the polymer matrix. In this paper, we studied the delamination of Egyptian bentonite and Cloisite Na+ (USA) using different onium ions. The organo-clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Derivativethermogravimetry (TGA), Thermogravimetry (TG), and Infrared spectroscopy (IR). Understanding the relationship between molecular structure of the modifying surfactant and the thermal stability of the organically modified layered silicates is critical to its processing and subsequent applications. Therefore, special emphasis is given to the study of the thermal degradation of the modified clays. The results of the thermal degradation of montmorillonite (MMT) and alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite (OMMT) are discussed in this paper.
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Stelescu, Maria Daniela, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, and Adriana Stefan. "Elastomeric nanomaterials based on natural rubber for the food industry." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.23.
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This paper presents the obtaining and characterization of new elastomeric nanocomposites based on natural rubber reinforced with plasticized starch, precipitated silica and layered clay, for obtaining consumer goods for the food industry. Obtaining nanocomposites was carried out by the technique of mixing and melt interleaving. The mixtures were vulcanized in the press, at high temperatures, using peroxides as vulcanizing agents, and triallyl cyanurate as vulcanizing coagent. In order to obtain products with improved characteristics, the influence of the amount of modified organic montmorillonite layered clay (OMMT) Nanomer I31PS and the adhesion promoter between mineral filler and polymer - bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl]-tetrasulfane (TEPS) on the characteristics of the mixtures, was analysed. The rheological characteristics of the samples show an increase of the minimum torque at the increase in the amount of OMMT type nanofiller and a decrease in the optimal vulcanization time by adding the adhesion promoter between the rubber and the filler. An improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the samples was observed at the introduction of both OMMT and TEPS. These changes may be due to both the nanofiller reinforcement effect and the changes in the morphology of the mixture. The samples showed a good behaviour after immersion in different environments specific to the food industry (water, ethyl alcohol, 10% glucose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and sunflower oil). SEM analyses indicate that the starch particles, together with the other ingredients of the mixture, are quasi uniform distributed in the elastomer matrix. Several superficial microcracks are observed, on the surface of the analysed material, without structural discontinuities or other defects.
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Kulkarni, Sudhir, Kunal Mitra, and Swaminathan Ramesh. "Optical Performance of a Hybrid Nano-Polymer Solar Cell." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41509.
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Solar energy harvesting is one of the most fundamental solutions to the energy crisis; photovoltaics are the best way to achieve it. Organic based photovoltaics have potential for application as a renewable source of energy. It is cost-effective, light weight, simple and economical to fabricate. Introduction of nanomaterials into polymers is very promising for enhancing photovoltaic conversion efficiency and can potentially improve photochemical and environmental stability. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of the nanocomposite film morphology on the optical performance of the hybrid nano-polymer solar cell. The efficiency of such hybrid solar cell depends mainly on the exciton dissociation efficiency and charge mobility. The exciton dissociation efficiency can be improved by increasing the interfacial area between the nanoparticles and polymer. Charge mobility can be improved by proper distribution of nanoparticles in polymer to form better percolation path of each material. Both these parameters are strongly dependant on better distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer. The approach used here is the application of star dispersant, specifically designed for conducting polymers. This dispersant will modify the arms of the conducting polymer to have a high affinity towards nanoparticles and provide better distribution. In this paper the influence on the morphology of the solar cell by the use of star dispersant and corresponding improvement in optical properties and performance is analyzed. Subsequent papers will describe the photovoltaic enhancements of such a solar cell. The solar cell structure chosen here is ITO / PEDOT:PSS / P3HT:TiO2 / Al. A number of specimens are prepared with and without introduction of the star-dispersant. For structural characterization, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used. Absorption spectrum analysis and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis are performed to characterize the optical properties of the active layer. Structural characterization revealed that with the application of the dispersant, better mixing of the nanoparticles and the polymer can be achieved. This will in turn increase the interface area and improve exciton dissociation. Better PL quenching is observed in the dispersant modified active layer confirming an improved degree of exciton dissociation.