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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanomaterial Chemistry'
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1
Kladko, Daniil V., Aleksandra S. Falchevskaya, Nikita S. Serov, and Artur Y. Prilepskii. "Nanomaterial Shape Influence on Cell Behavior." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105266.
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Nanomaterials are proven to affect the biological activity of mammalian and microbial cells profoundly. Despite this fact, only surface chemistry, charge, and area are often linked to these phenomena. Moreover, most attention in this field is directed exclusively at nanomaterial cytotoxicity. At the same time, there is a large body of studies showing the influence of nanomaterials on cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, reprogramming, gene transfer, and many other processes. Furthermore, it has been revealed that in all these cases, the shape of the nanomaterial plays a crucial role. In this paper, the mechanisms of nanomaterials shape control, approaches toward its synthesis, and the influence of nanomaterial shape on various biological activities of mammalian and microbial cells, such as proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, as well as the prospects of this emerging field, are reviewed.
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Munyebvu, Neal, Julia Nette, Stavros Stavrakis, Philip D. Howes, and Andrew J. DeMello. "Transforming Nanomaterial Synthesis with Flow Chemistry." CHIMIA 77, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2023.312.
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Microfluidic methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials allow the generation of high-quality products with outstanding structural, electronic and optical properties. At a fundamental level, this is engendered by the ability to control both heat and mass transfer in a rapid and precise manner, but also by the facile integration of in-line characterization tools and machine learning algorithms. Such integrated platforms provide for exquisite control over material properties during synthesis, accelerate the optimization of electronic and optical properties and bestow new insights into the optoelectronic properties of nanomaterials. Herein, we present a brief perspective on the role that microfluidic technologies can play in nanomaterial synthesis, with a particular focus on recent studies that incorporate in-line optical characterization and machine learning. We also consider the importance and challenges associated with integrating additional functional components within experimental workflows and the upscaling of microfluidic platforms for production of industrial-scale quantities of nanomaterials.
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Vilímová, Iveta, Katel Hervé-Aubert, and Igor Chourpa. "Formation of miRNA Nanoprobes—Conjugation Approaches Leading to the Functionalization." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238428.
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Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) captured the interest as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, with their potential for early indication of numerous pathologies. Since miRNA is a short, non-coding RNA sequence, the sensitivity and selectivity of their detection remain a cornerstone of scientific research. As such, methods based on nanomaterials have emerged in hopes of developing fast and facile approaches. At the core of the detection method based on nanotechnology lie nanoprobes and other functionalized nanomaterials. Since miRNA sensing and detection are generally rooted in the capture of target miRNA with the complementary sequence of oligonucleotides, the sequence needs to be attached to the nanomaterial with a specific conjugation strategy. As each nanomaterial has its unique properties, and each conjugation approach presents its drawbacks and advantages, this review offers a condensed overview of the conjugation approaches in nanomaterial-based miRNA sensing. Starting with a brief recapitulation of specific properties and characteristics of nanomaterials that can be used as a substrate, the focus is then centered on covalent and non-covalent bonding chemistry, leading to the functionalization of the nanomaterials, which are the most commonly used in miRNA sensing methods.
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Ling Zhang, Ling Zhang. "Applications, Challenges and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000690.
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Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been rapidly developed and widely applied in antimicrobial, biosensors, nanomedicine, nano-electronic technology, reinforcement, water treatment, and so on. However, there are also many problems and challenges during using and developing nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Are they secure enough for the health of human beings? Do they cause the environmental pollution? And how can we sustainably develop nanomaterial and nanotechnology? In this review, we introduced the applications, potential threats and hazards, and development and prospect of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.
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Ling Zhang, Ling Zhang. "Applications, Challenges and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000690/jcsp/42.05.2020.
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Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been rapidly developed and widely applied in antimicrobial, biosensors, nanomedicine, nano-electronic technology, reinforcement, water treatment, and so on. However, there are also many problems and challenges during using and developing nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Are they secure enough for the health of human beings? Do they cause the environmental pollution? And how can we sustainably develop nanomaterial and nanotechnology? In this review, we introduced the applications, potential threats and hazards, and development and prospect of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.
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Garriga, Rosa, Tania Herrero-Continente, Miguel Palos, Vicente L. Cebolla, Jesús Osada, Edgar Muñoz, and María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi. "Toxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Potential Application as Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Studies in Caco-2 and MCF-7 Cell Lines." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081617.
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Carbon nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in biomedicine recently to be used as drug nanocarriers suitable for medical treatments, due to their large surface area, high cellular internalization and preferential tumor accumulation, that enable these nanomaterials to transport chemotherapeutic agents preferentially to tumor sites, thereby reducing drug toxic side effects. However, there are widespread concerns on the inherent cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, which remains controversial to this day, with studies demonstrating conflicting results. We investigated here in vitro toxicity of various carbon nanomaterials in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanoplatelets (CNP), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (GO) and nanodiamonds (ND) were systematically compared, using Pluronic F-127 dispersant. Cell viability after carbon nanomaterial treatment followed the order CNP < CNH < RGO < CNT < GO < ND, being the effect more pronounced on the more rapidly dividing Caco-2 cells. CNP produced remarkably high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, the potential of these materials as nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery of doxorubicin and camptothecin anticancer drugs was also compared. In all cases the carbon nanomaterial/drug complexes resulted in improved anticancer activity compared to that of the free drug, being the efficiency largely dependent of the carbon nanomaterial hydrophobicity and surface chemistry. These fundamental studies are of paramount importance as screening and risk-to-benefit assessment towards the development of smart carbon nanomaterial-based nanocarriers.
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Danial, Wan Hazman, Nur Fathanah Md Bahri, and Zaiton Abdul Majid. "Preparation, Marriage Chemistry and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots–Nanocellulose Composite: A Brief Review." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206158.
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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional carbon-based materials, while nanocellulose is a nanomaterial that can be derived from naturally occurring cellulose polymers or renewable biomass resources. The unique geometrical, biocompatible and biodegradable properties of both these remarkable nanomaterials have caught the attention of the scientific community in terms of fundamental research aimed at advancing technology. This study reviews the preparation, marriage chemistry and applications of GQDs–nanocellulose composites. The preparation of these composites can be achieved via rapid and simple solution mixing containing known concentration of nanomaterial with a pre-defined composition ratio in a neutral pH medium. They can also be incorporated into other matrices or drop-casted onto substrates, depending on the intended application. Additionally, combining GQDs and nanocellulose has proven to impart new hybrid nanomaterials with excellent performance as well as surface functionality and, therefore, a plethora of applications. Potential applications for GQDs–nanocellulose composites include sensing or, for analytical purposes, injectable 3D printing materials, supercapacitors and light-emitting diodes. This review unlocks windows of research opportunities for GQDs–nanocellulose composites and pave the way for the synthesis and application of more innovative hybrid nanomaterials.
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Her, Shiuh-Chuan, and Yuan-Ming Liang. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Thin Film Deposited on a Flexible Substrate for Strain Sensing Application." Sensors 22, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135039.
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Hybrid nanomaterial film consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) were deposited on a highly flexible polyimide (PI) substrate using spray gun. The hybridization between 2-D GNP and 1-D MWCNT reduces stacking among the nanomaterials and produces a thin film with a porous structure. Carbon-based nanomaterials of MWCNT and GNP with high electrical conductivity can be employed to detect the deformation and damage for structural health monitoring. The strain sensing capability of carbon-based hybrid nanomaterial film was evaluated by its piezoresistive behavior, which correlates the change of electrical resistance with the applied strain through a tensile test. The effects of weight ratio between MWCNT and GNP and the total amount of hybrid nanomaterials on the strain sensitivity of the nanomaterial thin film were investigated. Experimental results showed that both the electrical conductivity and strain sensitivity of the hybrid nanomaterial film increased with the increase of the GNP contents. The gauge factor used to characterize the strain sensitivity of the nanomaterial film increased from 7.75 to 24 as the GNP weight ratio increased from 0 wt.% to 100 wt.%. In this work, a simple, low cost, and easy to implement deposition process was proposed to prepare a highly flexible nanomaterial film. A high strain sensitivity with gauge factor of 24 was achieved for the nanomaterial thin film.
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Jayasakthi, R., and G. Sivakumar. "Precipitation Method and Sonication Technique for Advanced Superiority of Nanospherical BiFe2O3 and its Multi-Applications." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2023): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.23484.
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In this work, a modified BiFe2O3 nanomaterial was prepared using a combination of co-precipitation and sonication methods. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) results revealed a nanospherical shaped structure. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) analysis confirmed that Bi, Fe and O are present in the BiFe2O3 nanomaterial. The photoluminescence analysis also confirmed the presence of bismuth in the BiFe2O3 nanomaterial. The recombination of electron-hole pairs in Fe2O3 transpires when the electrons and holes were transferred between Bi and Fe2O3 nanomaterials. The UV-Vis DRS analysis revealed that the nanomaterial decrease band gap energy and increased the photoenergy. The modified BiFe2O3 was successfully used as multi-functional materials, such as a photocatalytic material for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G dyes, antibacterial agent and as improved dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCS).
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Bardakci, Fevzi, Kevser Kusat, Mohd Adnan, Riadh Badraoui, Mohammad Jahoor Alam, Mousa M. Alreshidi, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Manojkumar Sachidanandan, and Sinan Akgöl. "Novel Polymeric Nanomaterial Based on Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-Methacryloylamidophenylalanine) for Hypertension Treatment: Properties and Drug Release Characteristics." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 5038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14225038.
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In this study, a novel polymeric nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized, and it its potential usability in hypertension treatment was demonstrated. For these purposes, a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacryloylamidophenylalanine)-based polymeric nanomaterial (p(HEMPA)) was synthesized using a mini-emulsion polymerization technique. The nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta size analysis. The synthesized p(HEMPA) nanomaterial had a diameter of about 113 nm. Amlodipine-binding studies were optimized by changing the reaction conditions. Under optimum conditions, amlodipine’s maximum adsorption value (Qmax) of the p(HEMPA) nanopolymer was found to be 145.8 mg/g. In vitro controlled drug release rates of amlodipine, bound to the nanopolymer at the optimum conditions, were studied with the dialysis method in a simulated gastrointestinal system with pH values of 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4. It was found that 99.5% of amlodipine loaded on the nanomaterial was released at pH 7.4 and 72 h. Even after 72 h, no difference was observed in the release of AML. It can be said that the synthesized nanomaterial is suitable for oral amlodipine release. In conclusion, the synthesized nanomaterial was studied for the first time in the literature as a drug delivery system for use in the treatment of hypertension. In addition, AML–p(HEMPA) nanomaterials may enable less frequent drug uptake, have higher bioavailability, and allow for prolonged release with minimal side effects.
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Rónavári, Andrea, Nóra Igaz, Dóra I. Adamecz, Bettina Szerencsés, Csaba Molnar, Zoltán Kónya, Ilona Pfeiffer, and Monika Kiricsi. "Green Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: Biological Synthesis Approaches and Potentials for Biomedical Applications." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040844.
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The nanomaterial industry generates gigantic quantities of metal-based nanomaterials for various technological and biomedical applications; however, concomitantly, it places a massive burden on the environment by utilizing toxic chemicals for the production process and leaving hazardous waste materials behind. Moreover, the employed, often unpleasant chemicals can affect the biocompatibility of the generated particles and severely restrict their application possibilities. On these grounds, green synthetic approaches have emerged, offering eco-friendly, sustainable, nature-derived alternative production methods, thus attenuating the ecological footprint of the nanomaterial industry. In the last decade, a plethora of biological materials has been tested to probe their suitability for nanomaterial synthesis. Although most of these approaches were successful, a large body of evidence indicates that the green material or entity used for the production would substantially define the physical and chemical properties and as a consequence, the biological activities of the obtained nanomaterials. The present review provides a comprehensive collection of the most recent green methodologies, surveys the major nanoparticle characterization techniques and screens the effects triggered by the obtained nanomaterials in various living systems to give an impression on the biomedical potential of green synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles.
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Ma, Haohua, Xin Qiao, and Lu Han. "Advances of Mussel-Inspired Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010128.
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Hydrogels, with 3D hydrophilic polymer networks and excellent biocompatibilities, have emerged as promising biomaterial candidates to mimic the structure and properties of biological tissues. The incorporation of nanomaterials into a hydrogel matrix can tailor the functions of the nanocomposite hydrogels to meet the requirements for different biomedical applications. However, most nanomaterials show poor dispersion in water, which limits their integration into the hydrophilic hydrogel network. Mussel-inspired chemistry provides a mild and biocompatible approach in material surface engineering due to the high reactivity and universal adhesive property of catechol groups. In order to attract more attention to mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels, and to promote the research work on mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels, we have reviewed the recent advances in the preparation of mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels using a variety of nanomaterials with different forms (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanofibers, nanosheets). We give an overview of each nanomaterial modified or hybridized by catechol or polyphenol groups based on mussel-inspired chemistry, and the performances of the nanocomposite hydrogel after the nanomaterial’s incorporation. We also highlight the use of each nanocomposite hydrogel for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, bioelectronics, wearable/implantable biosensors, tumor therapy, and tissue repair. Finally, the challenges and future research direction in designing mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels are discussed.
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David, Christopher A. W., Michael Barrow, Patricia Murray, Matthew J. Rosseinsky, Andrew Owen, and Neill J. Liptrott. "In Vitro Determination of the Immunogenic Impact of Nanomaterials on Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165610.
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Investigation of the potential for nanomaterials to generate immunogenic effects is a key aspect of a robust preclinical evaluation. In combination with physicochemical characterization, such assessments also provide context for how material attributes influence biological outcomes. Furthermore, appropriate models for these assessments allow accurate in vitro to in vivo extrapolation, which is vital for the mechanistic understanding of nanomaterial action. Here we have assessed the immunogenic impact of a small panel of commercially available and in-house prepared nanomaterials on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-dex) functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) generated detectable quantities of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-10, the only tested material to do so. The human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 was used to assess the potential for the nanomaterial panel to affect cellular oxidation-reduction (REDOX) via measurement of reactive oxygen species and reduced glutathione. Negatively charged sulfonate-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles demonstrated a size-related trend for the inhibition of caspase-1, which was not observed for amine-functionalized polystyrene of similar sizes. Silica nanoparticles (310 nm) resulted in a 93% increase in proliferation compared to the untreated control (p < 0.01). No other nanomaterial treatments resulted in significant change from that of unstimulated PBMCs. Responses to the nanomaterials in the assays described demonstrate the utility of primary cells as ex vivo models for nanomaterial biological impact.
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Yang, Hualin, Yu Zhou, and Juewen Liu. "Porphyrin metalation catalyzed by DNAzymes and nanozymes." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 9 (2021): 2183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qi00105a.
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In this review, DNA and nanomaterial based catalysts for porphyrin metalation reactions are summarized, including the selection of DNAzymes, choice of nanomaterials, their catalytic mechanisms, and applications of the reactions.
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Javadi, Morteza, Tapas Purkait, Lida Hadidi, John Washington, and Jonathan G. C. Veinot. "Synthesis and properties of covalently linked photoluminescent magnetic magnetite nanoparticle-silicon nanocrystal hybrids." MRS Advances 1, no. 33 (2016): 2321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.465.
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ABSTRACTSilicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are quantum dots that do not contain toxic metals and exhibit a photoluminescent response that may be tailored via changes in particle dimension as well as surface chemistry. Herein, we present a promising hybrid nanomaterial that combines the favourable properties (e.g., photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and surface chemistry) of SiNCs with the magnetic characteristics of Fe3O4nanoparticles (NPs). Linking these two complementary nanomaterials via DCC coupling has yielded a new advanced hybrid material that possesses the characteristics of its constituents and affords a photoluminescent system that responds to permanent magnets.
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Sabir, Fakhara, Mahmood Barani, Mahwash Mukhtar, Abbas Rahdar, Magali Cucchiarini, Muhammad Nadeem Zafar, Tapan Behl, and Simona Bungau. "Nanodiagnosis and Nanotreatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview." Chemosensors 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9040067.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world’s leading cause of mortality and represent a large contributor to the costs of medical care. Although tremendous progress has been made for the diagnosis of CVDs, there is an important need for more effective early diagnosis and the design of novel diagnostic methods. The diagnosis of CVDs generally relies on signs and symptoms depending on molecular imaging (MI) or on CVD-associated biomarkers. For early-stage CVDs, however, the reliability, specificity, and accuracy of the analysis is still problematic. Because of their unique chemical and physical properties, nanomaterial systems have been recognized as potential candidates to enhance the functional use of diagnostic instruments. Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, lipids, and polymeric nanoparticles represent novel sources to target CVDs. The special properties of nanomaterials including surface energy and topographies actively enhance the cellular response within CVDs. The availability of newly advanced techniques in nanomaterial science opens new avenues for the targeting of CVDs. The successful application of nanomaterials for CVDs needs a detailed understanding of both the disease and targeting moieties.
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Jia, Zixian, Jiantao Li, Lin Gao, Dezheng Yang, and Andrei Kanaev. "Dynamic Light Scattering: A Powerful Tool for In Situ Nanoparticle Sizing." Colloids and Interfaces 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids7010015.
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Due to surface effects and quantum size effects, nanomaterials have properties that are vastly different from those of bulk materials due to surface effects. The particle size distribution plays an important role in chemical and physical properties. The measurement and control of this parameter are crucial for nanomaterial synthesis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a fast and non-invasive tool used to measure particle size, size distribution and stability in solutions or suspensions during nanomaterial preparation. In this review, we focus on the in situ sizing of nanomaterial preparation in the form of colloids, especially for metal oxide nanoparticles (MONs). The measuring principle, including an overview of sizing techniques, advantages and limitations and theories of DLS were first discussed. The instrument design was then investigated. Ex-situ and in situ configuration of DLS, sample preparations, measurement conditions and reaction cell design for in situ configuration were studied. The MONs preparation monitored by DLS was presented, taking into consideration both ex situ and in situ configuration.
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Mitkus, Rytis, Marlitt Scharnofske, and Michael Sinapius. "Characterization 0.1 wt.% Nanomaterial/Photopolymer Composites with Poor Nanomaterial Dispersion: Viscosity, Cure Depth and Dielectric Properties." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 3948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223948.
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Notably, 3D printing techniques such as digital light processing (DLP) have the potential for the cost-effective and flexible production of polymer-based piezoelectric composites. To improve their properties, conductive nanomaterials can be added to the photopolymer to increase their dielectric properties. In this study, the microstructure, viscosity, cure depth, and dielectric properties of ultraviolet (UV) light curable 0.1 wt.% nanomaterial/photopolymer composites are investigated. The composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and carbon black (CB) are pre-dispersed in different solvents (acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and ethanol) before adding photopolymer and continuing dispersion. For all prepared suspensions, a reduction in viscosity is observed, which is favorable for 3D printing. In contrast, the addition of 0.1 wt.% nanomaterials, even with poor dispersion, leads to curing depth reduction up to 90% compared to pristine photopolymer, where the nanomaterial dispersion is identified as a contributing factor. The formulation of MWCNTs dispersed in ethanol is found to be the most promising for increasing the dielectric properties. The post-curing of all composites leads to charge immobility, resulting in decreased relative permittivity.
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Shen, Xinchun, Xiaoqun Mo, Robyn Moore, Shawnalea J. Frazier, Takeo Iwamoto, John M. Tomich, and Xiuzhi Susan Sun. "Adhesion and Structure Properties of Protein Nanomaterials Containing Hydrophobic and Charged Amino Acids." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.126.
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Protein polymers are being used or considered for biobased adhesives and coating materials. Most adhesives derived from macro protein molecules work through receptors or cross-links to bring about adhesion. The adhesion mechanism of protein polymers would lead to better understanding of adhesives and the discovery of new practical properties of protein polymers at both nano- and macro-scales. The objective of this research work was to study adhesion properties of protein polymers at nanoscale (a peptide adhesive with nanometer-scale units that range in size of several nanometers, defined as protein nanomaterial). Seven protein nanomaterial samples with different degrees of adhesive strength were designed and synthesized using solid phase chemistries. All protein nanomaterials contain a common hydrophobic core flanked by charged amino acid sequences. The adhesion properties of the protein nanomaterials were investigated at different pH values and curing temperatures. The protein nanomaterials self aggregate and interact with the wood surface. The protein nanomaterial KKK-FLIVIGSII-KKK identified in this study had high adhesive strength toward wood. It had the highest shear strength at pH 12, with an amino acid sequence that was very hydrophobic and uncharged. This protein nanomaterial underwent structural analyses using circular dichroism, laser-Fourier transform infrared, and laser desorption mass spectrometry. At pH 12 this peptide adopted a pH-induced beta-like conformation. Adhesive strength reflects contributions of both hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic and covalent bonds do not appear to be significant factors for adhesion in this study.
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Guo, Lin, Xin Yuan Liu, Vanesa Sanchez, Charles Vaslet, Agnes B. Kane, and Robert H. Hurt. "A Window of Opportunity: Designing Carbon Nanomaterials for Environmental Safety and Health." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.511.
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Carbon nanomaterials are among the best known and most promising products of the nanotechnology movement. Some early studies suggest that fullerenes and nanotubes may pose significant health risks, and this has given rise to an emerging literature on carbon nanotoxicology. This young field has now begun to yield insight into toxicity mechanisms and the specific material features involved in those mechanisms. This paper explores the potential to alter those material features through post-processing or reformulation with the goal of reducing or eliminating carbon nanomaterial health risks. The paper emphasizes the important roles of metal content and bioavailability, carbon surface chemistry, and nanomaterial aggregation state. The nanotechnology movement has been given a unique "window of opportunity" to systematically investigate the toxicity of nanotechnology products and to develop ways to manage health risks before large scale manufacturing becomes widespread.
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Zou, Liang, Ke Xu, Huihui Tian, and Ying Fang. "Remote neural regulation mediated by nanomaterials." Nanotechnology 33, no. 27 (April 20, 2022): 272002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac62b1.
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Abstract Neural regulation techniques play an essential role in the functional dissection of neural circuits and also the treatment of neurological diseases. Recently, a series of nanomaterials, including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and silicon nanomaterials (SNMs) that are responsive to remote optical or magnetic stimulation, have been applied as transducers to facilitate localized control of neural activities. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation, especially in a remote and minimally invasive manner. We first give an overview of existing neural stimulation techniques, including electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, chemogenetics, and optogenetics, with an emphasis on their current limitations. Then we focus on recent developments in nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation, including UCNP-mediated fiberless optogenetics, MNP-mediated magnetic neural regulation, and SNM-mediated non-genetic neural regulation. Finally, we discuss the possibilities and challenges for nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation.
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Tang, Xiaosheng, Ping Tang, Shihui Si, and Liangliang Liu. "Adsorption and removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution by p-phenylenediamine modified magnetic graphene oxide." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 1 (2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160430095t.
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p-Phenylenediamine functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites (PPD-MGO) were prepared and utilized in the adsorption and removal of bisphenol A in aqueous solution. The novel nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The factors affected the adsorption of bisphenol A including adsorption time, temperature and pH of solution, adsorption kinetics and isotherms were all investigated. The results showed that PPD-MGO nanomaterial exhibited good adsorption ability for bisphenol A and good resuability. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 155.0 mg g-1 at 45?C and pH 7. The removal rate was 99.2 % after three times of adsorption with new nanomaterials. After five cycles adsorption, the adsorption capacity of PPD-MGO remained at 94.0 %. The adsorption of bisphenol A was found that fitted pseudo second order kinetics equations and the Freundlich adsorption model. The experimental results showed the PPD-MGO nanomaterial had a good adsorption ability to remove organic compounds in aqueous solution.
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Wu, Jinmei, Gaoxing Su, Bin Zhang, and Bing Yan. "Nanocombinatorial Chemistry in Nanomaterial Discovery and Nanomedicine." Acta Chimica Sinica 71, no. 04 (2013): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a13010088.
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Tomaszewska, Emilia, Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda, Katarzyna Bednarczyk, Agnieszka Lech, Martyna Janicka, Marcin Chodkowski, Maciej Psarski, Grzegorz Celichowski, Malgorzata Krzyzowska, and Jarosław Grobelny. "Anti-HSV Activity of Metallic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Sulfonates vs. Polyphenols." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 13104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113104.
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Metallic nanoparticles exhibit broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The antiviral activity of nanoparticles results from the multivalent interactions of nanoparticles with viral surface components, which result from the nanometer size of the material and the presence of functional compounds adsorbed on the nanomaterial surface. A critical step in the virus infection process is docking and entry of the virus into the host cell. This stage of the infection can be influenced by functional nanomaterials that exhibit high affinity to the virus surface and hence can disrupt the infection process. The affinity of the virus to the nanomaterial surface can be tuned by the specific surface functionalization of the nanomaterial. The main purpose of this work was to determine the influence of the ligand type present on nanomaterial on the antiviral properties against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. We investigated the metallic nanoparticles (gold and silver) with different sizes (5 nm and 30 nm), coated either with polyphenol (tannic acid) or sulfonates (ligands with terminated sulfonate groups). We found that the antiviral activity of nano-conjugates depends significantly on the ligand type present on the nanoparticle surface.
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Li, Muyang, Ragini Singh, Yiran Wang, Carlos Marques, Bingyuan Zhang, and Santosh Kumar. "Advances in Novel Nanomaterial-Based Optical Fiber Biosensors—A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100843.
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This article presents a concise summary of current advancements in novel nanomaterial-based optical fiber biosensors. The beneficial optical and biological properties of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticle size-dependent signal amplification, plasmon resonance, and charge-transfer capabilities, are widely used in biosensing applications. Due to the biocompatibility and bioreceptor combination, the nanomaterials enhance the sensitivity, limit of detection, specificity, and response time of sensing probes, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio of fiber optic biosensing platforms. This has established a practical method for improving the performance of fiber optic biosensors. With the aforementioned outstanding nanomaterial properties, the development of fiber optic biosensors has been efficiently promoted. This paper reviews the application of numerous novel nanomaterials in the field of optical fiber biosensing and provides a brief explanation of the fiber sensing mechanism.
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Vianello, Fabio, Alessandro Cecconello, and Massimiliano Magro. "Toward the Specificity of Bare Nanomaterial Surfaces for Protein Corona Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147625.
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Aiming at creating smart nanomaterials for biomedical applications, nanotechnology aspires to develop a new generation of nanomaterials with the ability to recognize different biological components in a complex environment. It is common opinion that nanomaterials must be coated with organic or inorganic layers as a mandatory prerequisite for applications in biological systems. Thus, it is the nanomaterial surface coating that predominantly controls the nanomaterial fate in the biological environment. In the last decades, interdisciplinary studies involving not only life sciences, but all branches of scientific research, provided hints for obtaining uncoated inorganic materials able to interact with biological systems with high complexity and selectivity. Herein, the fragmentary literature on the interactions between bare abiotic materials and biological components is reviewed. Moreover, the most relevant examples of selective binding and the conceptualization of the general principles behind recognition mechanisms were provided. Nanoparticle features, such as crystalline facets, density and distribution of surface chemical groups, and surface roughness and topography were encompassed for deepening the comprehension of the general concept of recognition patterns.
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Ma, Longzhou, Thomas Hartmann, Marcos A. Cheney, Nancy R. Birkner, and Pradip K. Bhowmik. "Characterization of an Inorganic Cryptomelane Nanomaterial Synthesized by a Novel Process Using Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, no. 4 (July 4, 2008): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608080367.
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Layer- and tunnel-structured manganese oxide nanomaterials are important because of their potential applications in industrial catalysis. A novel soft chemistry method was developed for the synthesis of inorganic cryptomelane nanomaterials with high surface area. Bright field transmission electron microscopy (BF-TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were employed to characterize this nanomaterial. A nanosized material with fibrous texture comprised of 140–160 nm striations was identified by BF-TEM imaging. HRTEM images show multiple atomic morphologies such as “helix-type,” “doughnut-like,” and tunnel structures lying on different crystallographic planes. The crystallographic parameters of this material were analyzed and measured by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showing that the synthesized nanomaterial is single phased and corresponds to cryptomelane with major diffraction peaks (for 10° < 2θ < 60°) at d-spacing values of 6.99, 4.94, 3.13, 2.40, 2.16, 1.84, 1.65, and 1.54 Å. A “doughnut-like” crystal structure was confirmed based on the crystallographic data. Structure and lattice parameters refinement was performed by XRD/Rietveld analysis. Simple simulation of HRTEM images and selected area diffraction patterns were applied to interpret the HRTEM images as observed.
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Maruyama, Takahiro. "Elucidation of carbon nanotube formation mechanism by operand EXAFS measurement." Impact 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.1.68.
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Nanomaterials are the up-and-coming players in materials science and increasingly found in everyday products such as energy devices, photocatalyst and sporting equipment. They are also predicted to play a major future role in electronics and microfabrication fields. The term nanomaterials usually describe materials of which a single unit ranges in size from 1 to 100 nanometres (nm). A specific nanomaterial called a carbon nanotube is exactly this, a tube made of carbon with a diameter measurable in nanometres. While carbon nanotubes can be further segregated into further subtypes with varying properties, generally speaking they are among the strongest and stiffest materials known in terms of tensile strength and elasticity. These miniature tubes also have promising electrical and optical properties in that they can operate as semiconductors, thermal conductors or even be employed for absorption and fluorescence applications. Because of this broad range of useful properties, the design and use of carbon nanotubes for a variety of applications and industries is receiving lots of attention. Professor Takahiro Maruyama, who is based at both the Nanomaterial Research Centre and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University in Japan, is leading a team conducting research in this field.
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Özçoban, Mehmet Şükrü, and Seren Acarer. "Investigation of the Effect of Leachate on Permeability and Heavy Metal Removal in Soils Improved with Nano Additives." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 6104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126104.
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Soils with low permeability are widely used in solid waste landfills to prevent leakage of leachate into groundwater. By adding nanomaterials to clay soils, the permeability of the clay can be reduced as well as the retention of pollutants in the leachate. In this study, three different nanomaterials, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and Oltu clay, were added to kaolin at two different rates (1% and 5%), and the effect of nanomaterials on permeability and heavy metal (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and lead) removal rate was investigated. According to the experimental results, permeability decreased, and the heavy metal removal rate increased with increasing nanomaterial content in kaolin. With the addition of 5% iron oxide, 5% aluminum oxide, and 5% Oltu clay to kaolin, the average permeability decreased by 63%, 81%, and 96%, respectively. Iron (90–93%), manganese (47–75%), zinc (39–50%), copper (33–41%), and lead (36–49%) removal rates of nanomaterial-added kaolin samples were found to be higher than the removal rates of kaolin without nanomaterial addition. Oltu clay, which has the smallest size and high surface area, performed better than aluminum oxide and iron oxide in reducing the permeability of kaolin and retaining heavy metals.
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Huang, Zhicheng, Amin Zhang, Qian Zhang, and Daxiang Cui. "Nanomaterial-based SERS sensing technology for biomedical application." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 24 (2019): 3755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb00666d.
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Over the past few years, nanomaterial-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection has emerged as a new exciting field in which theoretical and experimental studies of the structure and function of nanomaterials have become a focus.
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Wei, Tiantian, Jingjing Wu, Xiran Shen, Zhifeng Qiu, and Li Guo. "Self-Assembled Membrane-like Nanomaterials from Sequence-Defined Peptoid Block Copolymers." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152389.
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Sequentially defined membrane-like nanomaterials have potential applications in biomedical and chemical fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, these natural and synthetic nanomaterials have not been widely developed due to their complicated molecular sequence and structure, difficulties in synthesis etc. Here, we report a stable membrane-like nanomaterial composed of a monolayer or bilayer that was self-assembled from sequence-defined amphiphilic peptoid triblock (poly(N-aminoethyl glycine)-b-poly(N-octyl glycine)-b-poly(N-carboxyethyl glycine)) and diblock (poly(N-carboxyethyl glycine)-b-poly(N-octyl glycine) and poly(N-aminoethyl glycine)-b-poly(N-octyl glycine)) copolymers separately. A series of peptoid block copolymers were synthesized, and it was observed that long alkyl side chains and abundant hydrophobic blocks were necessary to form the membranes. The prepared membrane-like nanomaterials were fairly stable. They did not change obviously in shape and size with time, and they can survive after sonication. This study is expected to enrich the nanomaterial family, as well as polypeptoid science, and expand their applications in biomedicine and other fields.
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Zhang, Yanan, Dajun Hou, Zelong Wang, Ning Cai, and Chaktong Au. "Nanomaterial-Based Dual-Emission Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors for Biosensing and Cell Imaging." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152540.
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Owing to the unique optophysical properties of nanomaterials and their self-calibration characteristics, nanomaterial-based (e.g., polymer dots (Pdots) quantum dots (QDs), silicon nanorods (SiNRs), and gold nanoparticle (AuNPs), etc.) ratiometric fluorescent sensors play an essential role in numerous biosensing and cell imaging applications. The dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence technique has the function of effective internal referencing, thereby avoiding the influence of various analyte-independent confounding factors. The sensitivity and precision of the detection can therefore be greatly improved. In this review, the recent progress in nanomaterial-based dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent biosensors is systematically summarized. First, we introduce two general design approaches for dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensors, involving ratiometric fluorescence with changes of one response signal and two reversible signals. Then, some recent typical examples of nanomaterial-based dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent biosensors are illustrated in detail. Finally, probable challenges and future outlooks for dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent nanosensors for biosensing and cell imaging are rationally discussed.
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Liu, Huang, Yanhua Zhang, Hongtao Yang, Wei Xiao, and Lanlan Sun. "Filter Paper Inspired Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials with High Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Methylene Orange." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2862567.
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Nanometer-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) has been synthesized through sol-gel method with natural cellulose substance (commercial filter paper) as template. The structure of zinc oxide nanomaterial was characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and XRD. The morphology was observed by SEM and TEM. The results show that the hexagonal wurtzite phase is actually the only crystal phase in the sample and the product faithfully inherits the hierarchical morphology and the complex network structure of the original filter paper, which is composed of many randomly intersecting zinc oxide microfibers and nanosheets with lots of close stacked particles adsorbed on the surface. Moreover, these zinc oxide nanomaterials possess abundant mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter ofca. 21 nm and a wide pore size distribution (3–30 nm). Due to the strong absorption ability in the UV range, the zinc oxide nanomaterial prepared by this method displays significantly high photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange. In a short period of 20 minutes, the zinc oxide nanomaterial has degraded about 50% of the original MO, and the MO dye is fully degraded after UV irradiation for 80 minutes.
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Malini, S., Arpita Roy, Kalyan Raj, K. S. Anantha Raju, Ismat H. Ali, B. Mahesh, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Saiful Islam, Byong-Hun Jeon, and Sean Seungwon Lee. "Sensing beyond Senses: An Overview of Outstanding Strides in Architecting Nanopolymer-Enabled Sensors for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030601.
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Nano-enabled sensing is an expanding interdisciplinary field of emerging science with dynamic multifunctional detecting capabilities, equipped with a wide range of multi-faceted nanomaterial having diverse dimensions and composition. They have proven to be highly robust, sensitive, and useful diagnostic tools ranging from advanced industrial processes to ordinary consumer products. As no single nanomaterial has proved to be unparalleled, recent years has witnessed a large number of nanomaterial-based sensing strategies for rapid detection and quantification of processes and substances with a high degree of reliability. Nano-furnished platforms, because of easy fabrication methods and chemical versatility, can serve as ideal sensing means through different transduction mechanisms. This article, through a unified experimental-theoretical approach, uses literature of recent years to introduce, evaluate, and analyze significant developments in the area of nanotechnology-aided sensors incorporating the various classes of nanomaterial. Addressing the broad interests, the work also summarizes the sensing mechanisms using schematic illustrations, attempts to integrate the performance of different categories of nanomaterials in the design of sensors, knowledge gaps, regulatory aspects, future research directions, and challenges of implementing such techniques in standalone devices. In view of a dependency of analysis and testing on sustained growth of sensor-supported platforms, this article inspires the scientific community for more attention in this field.
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Griger, Sydney, Ian Sands, and Yupeng Chen. "Comparison between Janus-Base Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052640.
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Research interest in nanoscale biomaterials has continued to grow in the past few decades, driving the need to form families of nanomaterials grouped by similar physical or chemical properties. Nanotubes have occupied a unique space in this field, primarily due to their high versatility in a wide range of biomedical applications. Although similar in morphology, members of this nanomaterial family widely differ in synthesis methods, mechanical and physiochemical properties, and therapeutic applications. As this field continues to develop, it is important to provide insight into novel biomaterial developments and their overall impact on current technology and therapeutics. In this review, we aim to characterize and compare two members of the nanotube family: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and janus-base nanotubes (JBNts). While CNTs have been extensively studied for decades, JBNts provide a fresh perspective on many therapeutic modalities bound by the limitations of carbon-based nanomaterials. Herein, we characterize the morphology, synthesis, and applications of CNTs and JBNts to provide a comprehensive comparison between these nanomaterial technologies.
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Pang, Renzhu, Qunyan Zhu, Jia Wei, Xianying Meng, and Zhenxin Wang. "Enhancement of the Detection Performance of Paper-Based Analytical Devices by Nanomaterials." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020508.
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Paper-based analytical devices (PADs), including lateral flow assays (LFAs), dipstick assays and microfluidic PADs (μPADs), have a great impact on the healthcare realm and environmental monitoring. This is especially evident in developing countries because PADs-based point-of-care testing (POCT) enables to rapidly determine various (bio)chemical analytes in a miniaturized, cost-effective and user-friendly manner. Low sensitivity and poor specificity are the main bottlenecks associated with PADs, which limit the entry of PADs into the real-life applications. The application of nanomaterials in PADs is showing great improvement in their detection performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy since the nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties. In this review, the research progress on the nanomaterial-based PADs is summarized by highlighting representative recent publications. We mainly focus on the detection principles, the sensing mechanisms of how they work and applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety management. In addition, the limitations and challenges associated with the development of nanomaterial-based PADs are discussed, and further directions in this research field are proposed.
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Babuska, Vaclav, Phanindra Babu Kasi, Petra Chocholata, Lucie Wiesnerova, Jana Dvorakova, Radana Vrzakova, Anna Nekleionova, Lukas Landsmann, and Vlastimil Kulda. "Nanomaterials in Bone Regeneration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136793.
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Nanomaterials are promising in the development of innovative therapeutic options that include tissue and organ replacement, as well as bone repair and regeneration. The expansion of new nanoscaled biomaterials is based on progress in the field of nanotechnologies, material sciences, and biomedicine. In recent decades, nanomaterial systems have bridged the line between the synthetic and natural worlds, leading to the emergence of a new science called nanomaterial design for biological applications. Nanomaterials replicating bone properties and providing unique functions help in bone tissue engineering. This review article is focused on nanomaterials utilized in or being explored for the purpose of bone repair and regeneration. After a brief overview of bone biology, including a description of bone cells, matrix, and development, nanostructured materials and different types of nanoparticles are discussed in detail.
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Lou, Gaoxiang, and Zongyan Cai. "Carbon Nanomaterial Manufacturing System and Automatic Synthesis Equipment and Its Control Device and Control Methods." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (November 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3134679.
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In recent years, people are committed to developing new technologies and technologies for energy storage and conversion, environmental detection, high-performance sensors and energy security, and other aspects of the increasingly prominent problems in the field of environmental and biosafety. The purpose of this paper is to explore the manufacturing system and automatic synthesis equipment of carbon nanomaterials, understand the control device and control method, and analyze the structure and morphology characteristics of three kinds of carbon nanomaterials produced by carbon nanomaterial manufacturing system by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the carbon nanomaterial manufacturing system and automatic synthesis system in this paper solve the problems of high cost, low efficiency, and small scale of the existing carbon nanomaterials manufacturing and achieve the precision control of automatic production, so that the productivity is increased by 20%–35%, and the cost is reduced by 15%–30%. Therefore, they are widely used in the fields of science and technology, environmental protection, and intelligent manufacturing broad prospects. Carbon nanotube manufacturing equipment and automatic synthesis equipment have great production advantages, which can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of carbon nanomaterials. UPY, GO, and UGO carbon nanomaterials produced by carbon nanotube manufacturing equipment are not easy to fall off from the materials. When the wavelength is 500 nm, the absorption frequency of the three materials is the largest. With the extension of the spectral wavelength, the absorption frequency of the three materials is reduced by 52%, 33%, and 34.7%, respectively.
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Gubala, Vladimir, Linda J. Johnston, Ziwei Liu, Harald Krug, Colin J. Moore, Christopher K. Ober, Michael Schwenk, and Michel Vert. "Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 1. Preparation, functionalization and characterization (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 1283–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0101.
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Abstract Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field, as evidenced by the large number of publications on the synthesis, characterization, and biological/environmental effects of new nano-sized materials. The unique, size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have been exploited in a diverse range of applications and in many examples of nano-enabled consumer products. In this account we focus on Engineered Nanomaterials (ENM), a class of deliberately designed and constructed nano-sized materials. Due to the large volume of publications, we separated the preparation and characterisation of ENM from applications and toxicity into two interconnected documents. Part 1 summarizes nanomaterial terminology and provides an overview of the best practices for their preparation, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization. Part 2 (this issue, Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(8): 1325–1356) focuses on ENM that are used in products that are expected to come in close contact with consumers. It reviews nanomaterials used in therapeutics, diagnostics, and consumer goods and summarizes current nanotoxicology challenges and the current state of nanomaterial regulation, providing insight on the growing public debate on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its potential benefits.
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TAKAMI, Seiichi. "Future Role of Computational Chemistry in Nanomaterial Engineering." Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 12, no. 1 (2013): A14—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.2012-0023.
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Sharma, Bhaskar, Udit Soni, Luis O. B. Afonso, and David M. Cahill. "Nanomaterial Doping: Chemistry and Strategies for Agricultural Applications." ACS Agricultural Science & Technology 2, no. 2 (March 7, 2022): 240–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.1c00273.
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Singh, Meena, Dipti Vaya, Ravi Kumar, and Bijoy Das. "Role of edta capped cobalt oxide nanomaterial in photocatalytic degradation of dyes." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200711074s.
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Dyes released from textile, paint, and various other industries in wastewater have posed long term environmental damage. Functional nano-materials provide a hope and opportunities to treat these effluent wastes in a rapid and efficient way due to their large surface area to volume ratios. Synthesis of 2,2',2'',2'''-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EDTA) cap-ped cobalt oxide nanomaterial as a photocatalyst has been investigated and utilized for the rapid and efficient removal of malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) dyes. The morphological, structural, optical, chemical and thermal properties of the synthesized nanomaterial were investigated using different characterization tools such as Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Transmis-sion electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultra violet visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Thermogra-vimetric analysis (TGA) etc. The prepared EDTA capped Cobalt oxide nanomaterials display better photocatalytic degradation, 56.3 % for MG and 37.9 % for CV in comparison to the pure Cobalt oxide, 47.7 and 27.6 %, respectively under visible light illumination. The kinetics study followed the pseudo-first order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The incremental photodegradation of these two dyes was attributed by mor-phology of the nanomaterial which favour effective electron/hole separation.
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Ruthramurthy, Balachandran, Kiflom Gebremedhn Kelele, H. C. Ananda Murthy, Kar Ban Tan, Kah Yoong Chan, Dhanalakshmi Muniswamy, Aschalew Tadesse, and Suresh Ghotekar. "Multielement Doped Barium Strontium Titanate Nanomaterials as Capacitors." Journal of Chemistry 2023 (April 6, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6338649.
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Due to the growing demand of energy and wastage of energy, there exists an interest of storing energy so that it could be utilized efficiently. Capacitors are materials designed for such an application. Ferroelectric materials are known for their application as capacitors. Of such materials, perovskites are the preferable classes of materials that have been used as capacitors. Barium strontium titanate nanomaterial is a member of perovskites which encompasses a smaller dielectric loss, elevated dielectric constant, and good thermal stability. Research studies also clarified that incorporating dopants into a barium strontium titanate nanomaterial of high dielectric materials including metal/metal oxides enhances their efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, multielement doping or codoping has shown better dielectric properties as compared to the unidoping of BST. In this review, barium strontium titanate capacitors codoped with more than one metal/metal oxides have been studied most of which have shown that the codoped barium strontium titanate materials possess improved and sufficient dielectric properties to be utilized as capacitors. We believe that this work will have of its own contribution on understanding the doped barium strontium titanate nanomaterial by clarifying the most probable and detail reasons behind the enhancement of dielectric properties of codoped barium strontium titanate nanomaterials.
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McCourt, Kelli M., Jarad Cochran, Sabah M. Abdelbasir, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Olga V. Tsyusko, and Diana C. Vanegas. "Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121082.
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Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Rahim, Maha K., Rajesh Kota, Sumi Lee, and Jered B. Haun. "Bioorthogonal chemistries for nanomaterial conjugation and targeting." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2012-0083.
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AbstractBioorthogonal chemistries are covalent reaction pairs that proceed in the presence of biological components with complete specificity. A suite of reactions has been described to date that provides scientists and engineers with diverse operational characteristics for different applications. Nanomaterials in particular have benefitted from these new capabilities, resulting in improved coupling efficiencies and multifunctionality. In this review, we will discuss the application of bioorthogonal chemistries to different nanomaterial systems, highlighting the advantages and limitations for use in bioconjugation. We will also describe how recent improvements in the reaction speed of catalyst-free bioorthogonal chemistries have enabled the successful coupling of nanomaterials directly to live cells. Using a recently developed reaction pair, tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene, the direct covalent coupling to cells has been shown to occur on time-scales that are relevant for biological studies and diagnostic applications and can even amplify nanomaterial binding greater than tenfold relative to traditional immunoconjugates. This powerful technique still maintains exquisite specificity, however, yielding robust results in clinical diagnostic applications using human tissue and blood samples. Future work will likely focus on further advancement of the in situ amplification technique, such as increasing nanomaterial binding, enabling multiplexed detection through the use of orthogonal reaction systems and extension to applications in vivo.
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Radnik, Jörg, Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba, Harald Jungnickel, Jutta Tentschert, Andreas Luch, Vanessa Sogne, Florian Meier, et al. "Automation and Standardization—A Coupled Approach towards Reproducible Sample Preparation Protocols for Nanomaterial Analysis." Molecules 27, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030985.
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Whereas the characterization of nanomaterials using different analytical techniques is often highly automated and standardized, the sample preparation that precedes it causes a bottleneck in nanomaterial analysis as it is performed manually. Usually, this pretreatment depends on the skills and experience of the analysts. Furthermore, adequate reporting of the sample preparation is often missing. In this overview, some solutions for techniques widely used in nano-analytics to overcome this problem are discussed. Two examples of sample preparation optimization by automation are presented, which demonstrate that this approach is leading to increased analytical confidence. Our first example is motivated by the need to exclude human bias and focuses on the development of automation in sample introduction. To this end, a robotic system has been developed, which can prepare stable and homogeneous nanomaterial suspensions amenable to a variety of well-established analytical methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field-flow fractionation (FFF) or single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). Our second example addresses biological samples, such as cells exposed to nanomaterials, which are still challenging for reliable analysis. An air–liquid interface has been developed for the exposure of biological samples to nanomaterial-containing aerosols. The system exposes transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids under reproducible conditions, whilst also allowing characterization of aerosol composition with mass spectrometry. Such an approach enables correlative measurements combining biological with physicochemical analysis. These case studies demonstrate that standardization and automation of sample preparation setups, combined with appropriate measurement processes and data reduction are crucial steps towards more reliable and reproducible data.
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Harish, Vancha, Md Mustafiz Ansari, Devesh Tewari, Manish Gaur, Awadh Bihari Yadav, María-Luisa García-Betancourt, Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem, Mikhael Bechelany, and Ahmed Barhoum. "Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Synthesis and Controlled Growth Methods." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 3226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183226.
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Nanomaterials are materials with one or more nanoscale dimensions (internal or external) (i.e., 1 to 100 nm). The nanomaterial shape, size, porosity, surface chemistry, and composition are controlled at the nanoscale, and this offers interesting properties compared with bulk materials. This review describes how nanomaterials are classified, their fabrication, functionalization techniques, and growth-controlled mechanisms. First, the history of nanomaterials is summarized and then the different classification methods, based on their dimensionality (0–3D), composition (carbon, inorganic, organic, and hybrids), origin (natural, incidental, engineered, bioinspired), crystal phase (single phase, multiphase), and dispersion state (dispersed or aggregated), are presented. Then, the synthesis methods are discussed and classified in function of the starting material (bottom-up and top-down), reaction phase (gas, plasma, liquid, and solid), and nature of the dispersing forces (mechanical, physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological). Finally, the challenges in synthesizing nanomaterials for research and commercial use are highlighted.
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Ganguli, A. K., G. B. Kunde, W. Raza, Sandeep Kumar, and Priyanka Yadav. "Assessment of Performance of Photocatalytic Nanostructured Materials with Varied Morphology Based on Reaction Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 7778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227778.
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Synthesis of nanomaterials with specific morphology is an essential aspect for the optimisation of its properties and applications. The application of nanomaterials is being discussed in a wide range of areas, one of which is directly relevant to the environment through photocatalysis. To produce an effective photocatalyst for environmental applications, morphology plays an important role as it affects the surface area, interfaces, crystal facets and active sites, which ultimately affects efficiency. The method of synthesis and synthesis temperature can be the basic considerations for the evaluation of a particular nanomaterial. In this study, we have considered the aspects of morphology with a basic understanding and analyzed them in terms of nanomaterial efficacy in photocatalysis. Different morphologies of specific nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver phosphate, cadmium sulphide and zinc titanate have been discussed to come to reasonable conclusions. Morphologies such as nanorods, nanoflower, nanospindles, nanosheets, nanospheres and nanoparticles were compared within and outside the domain of given nanomaterials. The different synthesis strategies adopted for a specific morphology have been compared with the photocatalytic performance. It has been observed that nanomaterials with similar band gaps show different performances, which can be linked with the reaction conditions and their nanomorphology as well. Materials with similar morphological structures show different photocatalytic performances. TiO2 nanorods appear to have the best features of efficient photocatalyst, while the nanoflowers show very low efficiency. For CdS, the nanoflower is the best morphology for photocatalysis. It appears that high surface area is the key apart from the morphology, which controls the efficiency. The overall understanding by analyzing all the available information has enumerated a path to select an effective photocatalyst amongst the several nanomaterials available. Such an analysis and comparison is unique and has provided a handle to select the effective morphology of nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications.
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Farhana, Aisha. "Enhancing Skin Cancer Immunotheranostics and Precision Medicine through Functionalized Nanomodulators and Nanosensors: Recent Development and Prospects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043493.
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Skin cancers, especially melanomas, present a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the scientific community. Currently, the incidence of melanomas shows a high increase worldwide. Traditional therapeutics are limited to stalling or reversing malignant proliferation, increased metastasis, or rapid recurrence. Nonetheless, the advent of immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in treating skin cancers. Many state-of-art immunotherapeutic techniques, namely, active vaccination, chimeric antigen receptors, adoptive T-cell transfer, and immune checkpoint blockers, have achieved a considerable increase in survival rates. Despite its promising outcomes, current immunotherapy is still limited in its efficacy. Newer modalities are now being explored, and significant progress is made by integrating cancer immunotherapy with modular nanotechnology platforms to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and diagnostics. Research on targeting skin cancers with nanomaterial-based techniques has been much more recent than other cancers. Current investigations using nanomaterial-mediated targeting of nonmelanoma and melanoma cancers are directed at augmenting drug delivery and immunomodulation of skin cancers to induce a robust anticancer response and minimize toxic effects. Many novel nanomaterial formulations are being discovered, and clinical trials are underway to explore their efficacy in targeting skin cancers through functionalization or drug encapsulation. The focus of this review rivets on theranostic nanomaterials that can modulate immune mechanisms toward protective, therapeutic, or diagnostic approaches for skin cancers. The recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based immunotherapeutic modulation of skin cancer types and diagnostic potentials in personalized immunotherapies are discussed.
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Baptista, Frederico R., S. A. Belhout, S. Giordani, and S. J. Quinn. "Recent developments in carbon nanomaterial sensors." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 13 (2015): 4433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00379a.
Full textAbstract:
The structural diversity of carbon nanomaterials provides an array of unique electronic, magnetic and optical properties, which when combined with their robust chemistry and ease of manipulation, makes them attractive candidates for sensor applications. In this review recent developments in the use of carbon nanoparticles and nanostructures as sensors and biosensors are explored.