Journal articles: 'Nanoindentation hardness test'

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Wei, Yueguang, Xuezheng Wang, and Manhong Zhao. "Size effect measurement and characterization in nanoindentation test." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.208.

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Nanoindentation test at scale of hundreds of nanometers has shown that measured hardness increases strongly with decreasing indent depth, which is frequently referred to as the size effect. Usually, the size effect is displayed in the hardness-depth curves. In this study, the size effect is characterized in both the load–displacement curves and the hardness–depth curves. The experimental measurements were performed for single-crystal copper specimen and for surface-nanocrystallized Al-alloy specimen. Moreover, the size effect was characterized using the dislocation density theory. To investigate effects of some environmental factors, such as the effect of surface roughness and the effect of indenter tip curvature, the specimen surface profile and the indentation imprint profile for single-crystal copper specimen were scanned and measured using the atomic force microscopy technique. Furthermore, the size effect was characterized and analyzed when the effect of the specimen surface roughness was considered.

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Miyake, Shojiro, Takanori Shindo, and Masatoshi Miyake. "Regression Analysis of the Effect of Bias Voltage on Nano- and Macrotribological Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon Films Deposited by a Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Ion-Plating Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/657619.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are deposited by bend filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) technique with DC and pulsed bias voltage. The effects of varying bias voltage on nanoindentation and nanowear properties were evaluated by atomic force microscopy. DLC films deposited with DC bias voltage of −50 V exhibited the greatest hardness at approximately 50 GPa, a low modulus of dissipation, low elastic modulus to nanoindentation hardness ratio, and high nanowear resistance. Nanoindentation hardness was positively correlated with the Raman peak ratioId/Ig, whereas wear depth was negatively correlated with this ratio. These nanotribological properties highly depend on the films’ nanostructures. The tribological properties of the FCVA-DLC films were also investigated using a ball-on-disk test. The average friction coefficient of DLC films deposited with DC bias voltage was lower than that of DLC films deposited with pulse bias voltage. The friction coefficient calculated from the ball-on-disk test was correlated with the nanoindentation hardness in dry conditions. However, under boundary lubrication conditions, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate had little correlation with nanoindentation hardness, and wear behavior seemed to be influenced by other factors such as adhesion strength between the film and substrate.

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Wan Yusoff, Wan Yusmawati, Azman Jalar, Norinsan Kamil Othman, and Irman Abdul Rahman. "Nanoindentation Study on Heat Treated Gold Wire Bonding." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.31.

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The effect of high temperature storage of gold ball bonds towards micromechanical properties has been investigated. Gold wire from thermosonic wire bonding exposed to high temperature storage at 150 °C for 10, 100 and 1000 hours. The nanoindentation test was used in order to evaluate the high temperature storage effect on wire bonding in more details and localized. Prior to nanoindentation test, the specimens were cross-sectioned diagonally. The constant load nanoindentation was performed at the center of gold ball bond to investigate the hardness and reduced modulus. The load-depth curve of nanoindentation for the high temperature storage gold wire has apparent the discontinuity during loading compared to as-received gold wire. The hardness value increased after subjected to high temperature storage. However, the hardness decreased when the storage period is extended. The decreasing in the hardness value may due to the grain size of Au metal which recrystallized after subjected to high temperature storage. The results obtained from nanoindentation is important in assessing the high temperature storage of wire bonding.

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Bruno, L., F. M. Furgiuele, and G. Sciume´. "Mechanical Characterization of a CVD Diamond Coating by Nanoindentation Test." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586937.

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A FEM analysis was carried out to study the mechanical behavior of a hard coating subjected to a nanoindentation test performed with a Berkovich indenter. The nanoindentation test was simulated by FEM code MSC Marc. The case study is a coating of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond. By the simulation it is possible to obtain the load-displacement curve by which Young modulus and hardness may be evaluated. The paper also analyzes the residual stresses developed at the end of the unloading phase and the influence of the strengthening law to determine the hardness and the elastic modulus of the CVD diamond. The analysis has demonstrated, by the comparison with the experimental results, that the numerical model well describes the behavior of the coating of CVD diamond in the nanoindentation test; in addition it was pointed out that the choice of the hardening law is a crucial aspect in the simulation.

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Ovsik, Martin, David Manas, Miroslav Manas, Michal Stanek, Adam Skrobak, and Petr Kratky. "Ionizing Radiation Effect of PBT Measured by Nano-Indentation Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.317.

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The paper presents an experimental study of the effect of beta radiation on nanomechanical properties of surface layer of PBT. Irradiation of polymers initiates cross-linking process in the structure especially in nanolayers. Applied radiation doses (66, 132 and 198 kGy) caused different nanomechanical changes which have a significant effect on the final properties of the tested PBT. Beta irradiation of the examined thermoplastic caused the growth of values of material parameters as nanoindentation hardness, nanoindentation modulus or deformation work. The improvement of nanomechanical properties was measured by the nanoindentation test.

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Yao, Wu, and Kang Liang. "Nanoindentation Size Effects for Calcium Silicate Hydrate." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.537.

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Hardness of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) at different ages was measured by nanoindentation test. The results show obvious indentation size effect in hardness of CSH. Hardness decreases with increasing depth. Moreover, both low density CSH and high density CSH follow the same size effect law in hardness. This phenomenon further indicates that two types of CSH are of the same basic composition but different packing densities.

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Liu, Qiang, Ying Xue Yao, and L. Zhou. "Research on the Relationship between Indenter Tip Radius and Hardness with a Self-Designed Nanohardness Test Device." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.267.

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Nanoindentation device has the ability to make the load-displacement measurement with sub-nanometer indentation depth sensitivity, and the nanohardness of the material can be achieved by the load-displacement curve. Aiming at the influence law of indenter tip radius to indentation hardness, testing on the hardness of single-crystal silicon were carried out with the new self-designed nanohardness test device based on nanoindentation technique. Two kinds of Berkovich indenter with radius 40nm and 60nm separately were used in this experiment. According to the load-depth curve, the hardness of single-crystal silicon was achieved by Oliver-Pharr method. Experimental results are presented which show that indenter tip radius do influence the hardness, the hardness value increases and the indentation size effect (ISE) becomes obvious with the increasing of tip radius under same indentation depth.

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Zhang, Tong-Yi, and Wei-Hua Xu. "Surface Effects on Nanoindentation." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 7 (July 2002): 1715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0254.

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In this paper, we report on a study of the surface effect on nanoindentation and introduce the apparent surface stress that represents the energy dissipated per unit area of a solid surface in a nanoindentation test. The work done by an applied indentation load contains both bulk and surface work. Surface work, which is related to the apparent surface stress and the size and geometry of an indenter tip, is necessary in the deformation of a solid surface. Good agreement is found between theoretical first-order approximations and empirical data on depth-dependent hardness, indicating that the apparent surface stress plays an important role in depth-dependent hardness. In addition, we introduce a critical indentation depth. The surface deformation predominates if the indentation depth is shallower than the critical depth, while the bulk deformation predominates when the indentation depth is deeper than the critical depth.

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Hur, Shin, Sung In Hong, and Dong Kil Shin. "Mechanical Properties of Photosensitive Polyimide Film by Nanoindentation and Microtensile Test." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.237.

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A free-standing photosensitive polyimide film with thickness of 10µm is fabricated with the different curing temperatures using a micro fabrication process. The microtensile specimens of a strip type are made to facilitate a tensile testing. The Young’s modulus and yield strength of photosensitive polyimide film are measured with various strain rates from 10-4 /s to 10-3 /s by using a microtensile test. Also, the hardness and Young’s modulus of polyimide films are obtained from nanoindentation test. Finally, the mechanical properties measured from microtensile test are compared with those from nanoindentation test.

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Lei, Man, Fa-Ning Dang, Hai-Bin Xue, Zhang Yu, and Ming-Ming He. "Study on mechanical properties of granite minerals based on nanoindentation test technology." Thermal Science 25, no. 6 Part B (2021): 4457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106457l.

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In this paper, the nanoscale mechanical properties of quartz, feldspar, and mica in granite are studied by the nanoindentation technique. Firstly, the surface morphol?ogy of each mineral composition in granite is obtained by a SEM. Secondly, the elastic modulus and hardness of three minerals in granite are calculated through the load-displacement curve obtained by the nanoindentation test. Based on the energy analysis method, the nanometer fracture toughness of three minerals in granite is obtained. Finally, the correlation between the elastic modulus, the hard?ness, and the fracture toughness are obtained by experimental data.

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Abdullah, Izhan, Muhammad Nubli Zulkifli, Azman Jalar, and R. Ismail. "Deformation behavior relationship between tensile and nanoindentation tests of SAC305 lead-free solder wire." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 30, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-07-2017-0020.

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PurposeThe relationship between the bulk and localized mechanical properties is critically needed, especially to understand the mechanical performance of solder alloy because of smaller sizing trend of solder joint. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between tensile and nanoindentation tests toward the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solder wire at room temperature.Design/methodology/approachTensile test with different strain rates of 1.5 × 10-4 s-1, 1.5 × 10-3 s-1, 1.5 × 10-2 s-1 and 1.5 × 10-1 s-1 at room temperature of 25°C were carried out on lead-free Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder wire. Stress–strain curves and mechanical properties such as yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation were determined from the tensile test. Load-depth (P-h) profiles and micromechanical properties, namely, hardness and reduced modulus, were obtained from nanoindentation test. In addition, the deformation mechanisms of SAC305 lead-free solder wire were obtained by measuring the range of creep parameters, namely, stress exponent and strain rate sensitivity, using both of tensile and nanoindentation data.FindingsIt was observed that qualitative results obtained from tensile and nanoindentation tests can be used to identify the changes of the microstructure. The occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and the increase of ductility obtained from tensile test can be used to indicate the increment of grain refinement or dislocation density. Similarly, the occurrence of earliest pop-in event and the highest occurrence of pop-in event observed from nanoindentation also can be used to identify the increase of grain refinement and dislocation density. An increment of strain rates increases the YS and ultimate UTS of SAC305 solder wire. Similarly, the variation of hardness of SAC305 solder wire has the similar trend or linear relationship with the variation of YS and UTS, following the Tabor relation. In contrast, the variation of reduced modulus has a different trend compared to that of hardness. The deformation behavior analysis based on the Holomon’s relation for tensile test and constant load method for nanoindentation test showed the same trend but with different deformation mechanisms. The transition of responsible deformation mechanism was obtained from both tensile and nanoindentation tests which from grain boundary sliding (GBS) to grain boundary diffusion and dislocation climb to grain boundary slide, respectively.Originality/valueFor the current analysis, the relationship between tensile and nanoindentation test was analyzed specifically for the SAC305 lead-free solder wire, which is still lacking. The findings provide a valuable data, especially when comparing the trend and mechanism involved in bulk (tensile) and localized (nanoindentation) methods of testing.

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Xu, Bei, and Jiang Hong Gong. "Analysis of Load-Displacement Curves of Ceramics Measured with Low-Load Vickers Hardness Test: Indentation Size Effect." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.9.

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The load-displacement curves for a series of ceramic and glass samples were recorded continuously during the low-load Vickers hardness testing. Then the hardnesses of all samples were determined by analyzing the unloading curves. It was found that all the test materials exhibit indentation size effect (ISE) similar to that observed in nanoindentation testing. The applicability of the proportional specimen resistance (PSR) model and the modified PSR model was then examined using the measured indentation data.

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Jalar, Azman, Mohd Nubli Zulkifli, and Shahrum Abdullah. "Nanoindentation Test for the Strength Distrubution Analysis of Bonded Au Ball Bonds." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1163.

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The micromechanical properties at bonded Au ball bonds that have undergone three different time intervals of high temperature storage (HTS) have been characterised by using nanoindentation test. 12 indentations have been made at three different locations (Au, IMC and Si area) across the bonded ball bonds to evaluate the variation of hardness with the location of indentation. It was observed that each of the elements and compound that located at the bonded ball bonds exhibit different responses and micromechanical properties upon the nanoindentation tests. Au showed the highest creep behaviour compared to that of IMC and Si. It was observed that the plastic deformation response for Au and IMC were represented in load versus depth profile through the multiple pop-in events that exhibited in loading-unloading curve of Au and IMC. Finally, it was found that the hardness value and the tendency to brittle fracture of IMC were increased with the increment of the HTS time interval.

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Wang, H. X., Jing He Wang, and Shen Dong. "Nanoindentation Size Effect of KDP Crystal by Instrumented Indentation Testing." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.188.

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Indentation tests and single-point scratch tests are probably the simplest methods of measuring the elastic, plastic and fracture behavior of brittle materials. In this paper, the nearsurface mechanical properties of KDP single crystal have been investigated including the elasticity like Young’s modulus E, and the plasticity like the hardness H. These material properties can be used to predict the material responses in optical manufacturing operations. Hardness and elastic modulus on different crystal plane of KDP single crystal have been examined under different loads by nanoindentation test, and the influence of the indentation load on hardness and elastic modulus have been also analyzed systematically. The results show the nanoindentation size effect, that is, the hardness and elastic modulus increase as the indentation load decreases. The hardness and elastic modulus have strong anisotropy in the different crystallographic orientation of the same crystal plane.

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Wang, Zai, Xin Hao, Ji Qiu, Tao Jin, Xuefeng Shu, and Xin Li. "Anisotropic Yield Criterion of Rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy via Nanoindentation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 8997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248997.

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In this paper, the anisotropic mechanical properties of rolled AZ31 magnesium alloys are investigated using nanoindentation tests at room temperature. Nanoindentation was carried out at four angles, including the rolling direction (0°), diagonal direction (45°), transverse direction (90°), and vertical direction (ND). Experimental results show that hardness increases as the rolling angle increases from 0° to 90° and is lowest in the ND direction. The hardness independent of the effect of indentation depth is obtained by analyzing the indentation size effect and then converting hardness values into yield strengths. A new criterion is proposed on the basis of the Hill48 yield criterion. The data obtained through the above experiments are used to determine the parameters in the new criterion. Finally, a solution to the challenge of modeling a function that accurately describes the anisotropic yielding behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloys is proposed using the nanoindentation technique to solve the requirements of specimen size and experimental methods of the macro test.

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Duan, Yunbiao, Danyu Jiang, and Jin Hu. "Determination of the load-independent hardness by analyzing the nanoindentation loading curves: A case study on fused silica." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 8, no. 4 (December 2019): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-019-0355-z.

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AbstractThe nanoindentation loading curves measured on fused silica were analyzed based on the theoretical relationship derived by Malzbender et al. (J Mater Res 2000, 15: 1209–1212). It was found that the ratio of the applied load to the square of the displacement, P/(h + hd)2, does not keep constant during loading segment of the nanoindentation test. Considering the existence of the indentation size effect, an empirical method for the determination of the load-independent hardness by analyzing the nanoindentation loading curves was proposed.

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Ctvrtlik, Radim, Valeriy Kulikovsky, and Jan Tomastik. "Effect of Nitrogen Content on the Mechanical Properties of Amorphous SiCN Films." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.95.

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Amorphous silicon carbonitride (a-SiCxNy) thin films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering of SiC target in the mixture of Ar and N gasses. The films with nitrogen content from 0 - 40 at.% were sputtered at various N2/Ar flow ratios in the range of 0 - 0.48. The as deposited films were additionally annealed in argon at 700 °C and vacuum at 900 °C. Analysis of mechanical properties was performed using the regular nanoindentation and short duration nanoindentation creep test (600 s).Hardness of the a-SiCxNy films increases with the decrease of nitrogen content from approx. 19 GPa (a-Si30C30N40) to 22 GPa (a-SiC). Annealing of the films in inert atmosphere or vacuum leads to the increase of both the hardness and the elastic modulus. This increase is more pronounced for the SiC film than for the SiCN films. The nanoindentation creep test (600 s) showed that the rate of the steady-state creep growths with the increase of nitrogen content.

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Zhou, Mingxing, Zunqiang Fan, Zhichao Ma, Yue Guo, Liguo Yang, Long Qian, and Xingdong Sun. "Effects of Flotage on Immersion Indentation Results of Bone Tissue: An Investigation by Finite Element Analysis." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4569351.

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In reality, nanoindentation test is an efficient technique for probing the mechanical properties of biological tissue that soaked in the liquid media to keep the bioactivity. However, the effects of flotage imposed on the indenter will lead to inaccuracy when calculating mechanical properties (for instance, elastic modulus and hardness) by using depth-sensing nanoindentation. In this paper, the effects of flotage on the nanoindentation results of cortical bone were investigated by finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. Comparisons of nanoindentation simulation results of bone samples with and without being soaked in the liquid media were carried out. Conclusions show that the difference of load-displacement curves in the case of soaking sample and without soaking sample conditions varies widely based on the change of indentation depth. In other words, the nanoindentation measurements in liquid media will cause significant error in the calculated Young’s modules and hardness due to the flotage. By taking into account the effect of flotage, these errors are particularly important to the accurate biomechanics characterization of biological samples.

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ZHOU, Liang. "ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT STUDY OF INDENTATION SIZE EFFECT IN NANOINDENTATION HARDNESS TEST." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 42, supp (2006): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2006.supp.084.

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Norman, Helen. "Testing New Tech to Produce Unbreakable Screens." Consumer Electronics Test & Development 2021, no. 2 (January 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2754-7744(23)70086-9.

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Liang, Kang, Wu Yao, Dan Song, and Li He. "On the Experimental Methods for the Determination of Elastic Modulus and Hardness of Cement Particles by Nanoindentation." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.554.

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The elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) of the cement particles that embedded in different subbases (namely epoxy resin and hardened cement pastes with different ages) were measured by nanoindentation. The results indicate that the measured values of E and H of the cement particles encased in resins are smaller than normal values, while the measured values of cement particles embedded in hardened cement pastes are closely related to the hydration degree of subbase cement pastes. As nanoindentation measurement of cement particles is significantly affected by the hardness of the subbase, the test of E and H of cement particles should be carried out based upon a rather hard substrate.

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HAN, Y. D., H. Y. JING, S. M. L. NAI, L. Y. XU, C. M. TAN, and J. WEI. "NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A Sn–Ag–Cu SOLDER REINFORCED WITH Ni-COATED CARBON NANOTUBES." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 04 (August 2010): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006818.

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In the present study, 0.05 wt.% of Ni -coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes ( Ni -CNTs) were successfully incorporated into the 95.8Sn–3.5Ag–0.7Cu solder using the powder metallurgy technique, to synthesize a new lead-free composite solder. Its mechanical property (in terms of hardness) was investigated at room temperature using the nanoindentation method. The results revealed that the nanoindentation hardness increased by 14.3% with the incorporation of 0.05 wt.% of Ni -coated CNTs. This observation is in good agreement with the microhardness test results. Moreover, the addition of Ni -CNTs improved the creep resistance of the composite solder. The test results established that nanotechnology coupled with composite technology in electronics solders can result in the enhancement of mechanical properties. These advanced interconnect materials will thus benefit the microelectronics assembly and packaging industry.

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Rujisomnapa, Jadesada, Surasak Surinphong, and Pornwasa Wongpanya. "A Comparative Study of Wear and Oxidation Behaviors of End Mill Coated by PVD Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.858.

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The objective of this research is to study wear behaviors of TiN, nanolaminated AlCrN and nanocomposite TiAlSiN coated on cemented carbide end mill deposited by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition methods in comparison with uncoated end mill. Wear behaviors were investigated by nanoindentation hardness test, scratch test and cutting test. Oxidation test was also done in air at temperatures of 700°- 900°C in order to evaluate resistance of oxidation. In the nanoindentation hardness and scratch tests, nanocomposite TiAlSiN coating exhibited higher hardness than TiN and nanolaminated AlCrN coatings. The nanolaminated AlCrN coating represented the highest adhesion ability in terms of critical load and the lowest coefficient of friction in comparison with the TiAlSiN and TiN coatings, respectively. The cutting performance, represented in terms of maximum flank wear as a function of cutting length, was found to be highest in the AlCrN coating. Oxides of these coatings, i.e., TiO2 for TiN, TiO2 for TiAlSiN and Cr2O3 for AlCrN, generated at different temperatures of 700°, 800° and 900°C, respectively. From all of results, it is obvious that the AlCrN coating exhibited more excellent wear resistance and oxidation resistance than the uncoated end mill, TiN coating and TiAlSiN coating.

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Manas, David, Miroslav Manas, Martin Ovsik, Michal Stanek, Pavel Stoklasek, Tomas Fiala, and Lenka Hylova. "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Surface Layer Injection Molded Polypropylene by Nanoindentation Test." Key Engineering Materials 699 (July 2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.699.86.

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The influence of beta radiation on the changes in the structure and selected properties (mechanical and thermal) polymers were proved. The use of low doses of beta radiation for polypropylene and its influence on the changes of micro, macro mechanical properties was thoroughly studied. The specimens of polypropylene were made by injection molding technology and irradiated by low doses of beta radiation (0, 15 and 33 kGy). The changes in the microstructure and micromechanical properties of surface layer were evaluated using WAXS and instrumented nano hardness test. The results of the measurements showed considerable increase in mechanical properties (indentation hardness, indentation elastic modulus) when the beta radiation are used.

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Galiguzov, A., A. Malakho, S. Minchuk, L. Oktiabrskaia, and V. Lepin. "Use of Onion-Like Carbon to Reinforce Carbon Composites." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 20, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj722.

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Onion-like carbon reinforced carbon-carbon composite was fabricated, and the influence of onion-like carbon (OLC) on the microstructure and mechanical and friction properties was investigated by porosity analysis, scanning electron microscopy, three-point bending test, nanoindentation test and ring-on-ring friction test. The results show that the sample containing OLC has a higher flexural strength (by 7.3%) and compressive strength (by 29.3%), hardness (by 2.1 times) and apparent density (by 1.1%) and smaller open porosity (7.9% vs 9.8%) and mesopore volume, which is confirmed by porosity analysis and is attributed to improved fiber/ matrix interface performance. The presence of OLC results in higher hardness and elastic modulus of carbon matrix under nanoindentation testing, which leads to modification of friction mechanism and a decrease in the wear rate under friction (by 3.3 times). Besides, OLC particles form self-lubricating film and show a graphitic carbon solid lubricant properties.

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Volinsky, Alex A., Neville R. Moody, and William W. Gerberich. "Nanoindentation of Au and Pt/Cu thin films at elevated temperatures." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 9 (September 2004): 2650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0331.

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This paper describes the nanoindentation technique for measuring sputter-deposited Au and Cu thin films’ mechanical properties at elevated temperatures up to 130 °C. A thin, 5-nm Pt layer was deposited onto the Cu film to prevent its oxidation during testing. Nanoindentation was then used to measure elastic modulus and hardness as a function of temperature. These tests showed that elastic modulus and hardness decreased as the test temperature increased from 20 to 130 °C. Cu films exhibited higher hardness values compared to Au, a finding that is explained by the nanocrystalline structure of the film. Hardness was converted to the yield stress using both the Tabor relationship and the inverse method (based on the Johnson cavity model). The thermal component of the yield-stress dependence followed a second-order polynomial in the temperature range tested for Au and Pt/Cu films. The decrease in yield stress at elevated temperatures accounts for the increased interfacial toughness of Cu thin films.

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Zhang, Wei, Sheng-Li Lv, Xiaosheng Gao, and Tirumalai S. Srivatsan. "The elastic-plastic properties of an anti-icing coating on an aluminum alloy: Experimental and numerical approach." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2021-0001.

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Abstract In this paper, an attempt is made to describe the method that combines the results obtained from nanoindentation experiment with finite element simulation to determine or establish the elastic-plastic properties of a super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating. The nanoindentation test was conducted and elastic properties of the coating, to include elastic modulus and hardness were obtained. The plastic properties, to include yield stress, monotonic strength coefficient and monotonic strain hardening exponent, were obtained using an inverse, iterative method of experimental measurement in synergism with finite element simulation. This approach, which is a combination of experimental data obtained from the nanoindentation test and results obtained from numerical finite element simulation, was found to be effective for determining mechanical properties of the chosen coating.

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Li, Weibing, Xiao Wang, Xiaobin Feng, Yao Du, Xu Zhang, Yong Xie, Xiaoming Chen, Yang Lu, and Weidong Wang. "Deformation Mechanism of Depositing Amorphous Cu-Ta Alloy Film via Nanoindentation Test." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12061022.

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As a representative of immiscible alloy systems, the Cu-Ta system was the research topic because of its potential application in industry, military and defense fields. In this study, an amorphous Cu-Ta alloy film was manufactured through magnetron sputter deposition, which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties of Cu-Ta film were detected by the nanoindentation method, which show that the elastic modulus of Cu3.5Ta96.5 is 156.7 GPa, and the hardness is 14.4 GPa. The nanoindentation process was also simulated by molecular dynamic simulation to indicate the deformation mechanism during the load-unload stage. The simulation results show that the structure <0,2,8,4> and <0,2,8,5> Voronoi cells decreased by 0.1% at 50 Ps and then remained at this value during the nanoindentation process. In addition, the number of dislocations vary rapidly with the depth between indenter and surface. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the Voronoi structural changes and dislocation motions are the key reasons for the crystallization of amorphous alloys when loads are applied.

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Natrayan, L., S. Balaji, G. Bharathiraja, S. Kaliappan, Dhinakaran Veeman, and Wubishet Degife Mammo. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of TiAlN Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (November 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5943486.

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The mechanical properties of TiAlN deposited on the steel are explained in this study. Thin films are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on the steel substrates to improve the wear resistance and hardness of the samples. Due to their improved microstructure and nanograins, the nanofilms have improved the mechanical properties of the steel substrate surface. The thin film deposited has improved the wear resistance by 80% and has improved the hardness by 95%. The deposited thin films are tested for hardness by nanoindentation and wear test by the pin-on-disk test. SEM has tested films for their microstructure and adhesion by nanoscratch test.

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Veleva, Lyubomira, Peter Hähner, Andrii Dubinko, Tymofii Khvan, Dmitry Terentyev, and Ana Ruiz-Moreno. "Depth-Sensing Hardness Measurements to Probe Hardening Behaviour and Dynamic Strain Ageing Effects of Iron during Tensile Pre-Deformation." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010071.

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This work reports results from quasi-static nanoindentation measurements of iron, in the un-strained state and subjected to 15% tensile pre-straining at room temperature, 125 °C and 300 °C, in order to extract room temperature hardness and elastic modulus as a function of indentation depth. The material is found to exhibit increased disposition for pile-up formation due to the pre-straining, affecting the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the material. Nanoindentation data obtained with and without pre-straining are compared with bulk tensile properties derived from the tensile pre-straining tests at various temperatures. A significant mismatch between the hardness of the material and the tensile test results is observed and attributed to increased pile-up behaviour of the material after pre-straining, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy. The observations can be quantitatively reconciled by an elastic modulus correction applied to the nanoindentation data, and the remaining discrepancies explained by taking into account that strain hardening behaviour and nano-hardness results are closely affected by dynamic strain ageing caused by carbon interstitial impurities, which is clearly manifested at the intermediate temperature of 125 °C.

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CHAO, LU-PING, JOING-SHIUN HSU, and YUNG-DONG LAU. "MEASUREMENT OF NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN FILMS BY INTEGRATING NANOINDENTATION SYSTEM AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE." International Journal of Nanoscience 06, no. 01 (February 2007): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x07004237.

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In this paper, the nanoindentation system and atomic force microscope (AFM) are integrated to improve the limitation of the present area function of nanoindentation test used for shallow depth. The projected areas under the shallow contact depth are modified through scanning directly the immediate vinicity of indenter tip. The results indicate that both indentation hardness and reduced modulus obtained from the proposed method are better than those of the present area function as well as the perfect geometry relation.

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Miyake, Koji, Satoru Fujisawa, Atsushi Korenaga, Takao Ishida, and Shinya Sasaki. "The Effect of Pile-Up and Contact Area on Hardness Test by Nanoindentation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, no. 7B (July 29, 2004): 4602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.4602.

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Beegan, D., S. Chowdhury, and M. T. Laugier. "Comparison between nanoindentation and scratch test hardness (scratch hardness) values of copper thin films on oxidised silicon substrates." Surface and Coatings Technology 201, no. 12 (March 2007): 5804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.031.

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Chiu, Y. L., and W. George Ferguson. "Characterization of Indentation Size Effect of Hardness Using a Loading Curve from Crystalline Materials." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.55.

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Nanoindentation technique has been widely used for measuring mechanical properties from a very small volume of material. The hardness measured using the depth sensing nanoindentation technique often decreases with increasing indentation size, the so called indentation size effect (ISE)[1, 2]. It has been generally acknowledged that the ISE in crystalline materials originates from the density change of geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) needed to accommodate a permanent indentation imprint. Conventionally, to characterize an ISE often requires a series measurement of hardness values at different indentation size. Based on the celebrated Oliver-Pharr scheme[3]. We propose a method to derive the ISE from the loading curve of one single indentation test. The application and limitation of the proposed method will be discussed.

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Ismail, Norliza, Maria Abu Bakar, and Saiful Bahari Bakarudin. "Effect of Temperature on Strain-Induced Hardness of Lead-Free Solder Wire using Nanoindentation Approach." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 3019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-14.

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Hardness properties of SAC305 solder wire under tensile test at varied temperature was investigated. Continuous multi-cycle (CMC) nanoindentation technique with ten cycle of indentation for each sample was performed to evaluate the hardness behaviour of SAC305 solder wire at different depth of indentation. As a result, all investigated SAC305 solder wire under constant strain rate of tensile test and at different temperature revealed the occurrence of indentation size effect (ISE). At initial cycle of indentation, SAC305 solder wire at room temperature (25 °C) have higher hardness value compared to the others sample which exposed to the varied temperature during tensile test. Besides, higher temperature causes the higher strain or elongation to the SAC305 solder wire. Applied of strain during the tensile test had generated the pre-dislocation activity in the SAC305 solder wire. Therefore, higher hardness values of SAC305 at room temperature is due to the existence of high dislocation density induced by the applied strain. Nevertheless, the existence of heat at 60, 90, 120 and 180 °C during the tensile test prompt the rearrangement of dislocation and reduce the dislocation activities, thus, allowing higher elongation of solder wire.

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Kotsilkova, Rumiana, Irena Borovanska, Peter Todorov, Evgeni Ivanov, Dzhihan Menseidov, Sudip Chakraborty, and Chiranjib Bhattacharjee. "Tensile and Surface Mechanical Properties of Polyethersulphone (PES) and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Membranes." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtam-2018-0018.

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Abstract Mechanical properties of polymer membranes (strength, hardness and elasticity) are very important parameters for the application performance, e.g. water purification. We study the tensile and surface mechanical properties of hollow fiber and flat sheets mat membranes based on PES and PVDF polymers. Tensile test, nanoindentation and atom force microscopy are used for characterization at macro and nanoscale. Mechanical properties are correlated with pore structure of membranes. The reinforced PVDF HF hollow fiber membranes show 30-fold higher stiffness and 3-fold higher hardness compared to non-reinforced PES HF. Surface mechanical properties of flat sheet membranes are strongly improved by decreasing the pore size. The smoothest surface with 100–200 nm roughness has the best surface mechanical performance obtained by nanoindentation.

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Zulkifli, Muhammd Nubli, Azman Jalar, Shahrum Abdullah, Roslinda Shamsudin, and Zulkifli R. "Hardness Variation of Ball Bond Wire Bonding." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1048.

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In semiconductor packaging, conventional test procedures for evaluating mechanical properties of ball bonded gold wire bonding are well established. However these tests do not provide clear understanding related to the strength mechanism leading to improper reliability data. The nanoindentation approach, uses equipment called nanoindenter, gives advances mechanical (sub-micromechanical) characterization, particularly the combination effect of elastic and plastic deformation. Wire bonding process was prepared using thermosonic-wire bonding technology with 25m diameter gold wire and copper as substrate. To obtain mechanical properties, ball-bonded was cross-sectioned diagonally before indented at various locations. Results show that mechanical properties vary according the locations throughout the surface; at the centre, at the edge and at the area near intermetallics layer. This indicates test location plays important role in determining ‘meaningful’ mechanical properties.

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Skoric, Branko, Damir Kakas, and Aleksansar Miletic. "Characterization of Hard Coatings Modified with Nitrogen Implantation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1027.

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In this paper, we present results of a study of TiN films which are deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition. In the present investigation the subsequent ion implantation was provided with N2+ ions. The ion implantation was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of the surface. The film deposition process exerts a number of effects such as crystallographic orientation, morphology, topography, densification of the films. The evolution of the microstructure from porous and columnar grains to densely packed grains is accompanied by changes in mechanical and physical properties. A variety of analytic techniques were used for characterization, such as scratch test, calo test, SEM, AFM, XRD and EDAX. The experimental results indicated that the mechanical hardness is elevated by penetration of nitrogen, whereas the Young’s modulus is significantly elevated. Thin hard coatings deposited by physical vapour deposition (PVD), e.g. titanium nitride (TiN) are frequently used to improve tribological performance in many engineering applications. Ion bombardment during vapour deposition of thin films, colled ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), exerts a number of effects such as densification, changes in grain size, crystallographic orientation, morphology and topography of the films. This paper describes the successful use of the nanoindentation technique for determination of hardness and elastic modulus. In the nanoindentation technique, hardness and Young’s modulus can be determined by the Oliver and Pharr method. Therefore, in recent years, a number of measurements have been made in which nanoindentation and AFM have been combined.

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Price, James J., Tingge Xu, Binwei Zhang, Lin Lin, Karl W. Koch, Eric L. Null, Kevin B. Reiman, et al. "Nanoindentation Hardness and Practical Scratch Resistance in Mechanically Tunable Anti-Reflection Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020213.

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This work presents fundamental understanding of the correlation between nanoindentation hardness and practical scratch resistance for mechanically tunable anti-reflective (AR) hardcoatings. These coatings exhibit a unique design freedom, allowing quasi-continuous variation in the thickness of a central hardcoat layer in the multilayer design, with minimal impact on anti-reflective optical performance. This allows detailed study of anti-reflection coating durability based on variations in hardness vs. depth profiles, without the durability results being confounded by variations in optics. Finite element modeling is shown to be a useful tool for the design and analysis of hardness vs. depth profiles in these multilayer films. Using samples fabricated by reactive sputtering, nanoindentation hardness depth profiles were correlated with practical scratch resistance using three different scratch and abrasion test methods, simulating real world scratch events. Scratch depths from these experiments are shown to correlate to scratches observed in the field from consumer electronics devices with chemically strengthened glass covers. For high practical scratch resistance, coating designs with hardness >15 GPa maintained over depths of 200–800 nm were found to be particularly excellent, which is a substantially greater depth of high hardness than can be achieved using previously common AR coating designs.

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Peskersoy, Cem, and Osman Culha. "Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Dental Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6171578.

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This study examines the properties of nanobased dental restorative materials with nanoindentation method in a precise, repeatable, and comparable way. Microhybrid and nanohybrid composites, conventional glass ionomer materials, and light cured nanoionomer materials were utilised for the study. Specimen discs (r=10 mm,h=2 mm) were prepared to test the hardness, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and fracture toughness values for each sample in a nanoindentation device with an atomic force microscopy add-on (n=25). Comparative analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The hardness and modulus of elasticity values of nanocomposite were higher (2.58 GPa and 32.86 GPa, resp.) than those of other dental materials. Although glass ionomer exhibited a hardness that was similar to a nanoionomer (0.81 versus 0.87 GPa), glass ionomer had the lowest fracture toughness value (Kc=0.83 MPa/mm0.5). The mechanical properties of resin composites improve with additional nanoscale fillers, unlike the glass ionomer material.

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Uzunali, Umut Yaşar, Hamdullah Cuvalcı, Barbaros Atmaca, Serhat Demir, and Serdar Özkaya. "Mechanical properties of quenched and tempered steel welds." Materials Testing 64, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0047.

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Abstract Welding is the most commonly used joining process in the industry. Generally, weld zone consists of three different regions such as base metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM). Microstructure of HAZ and WM changes due to the heat effects after the welding process. These effects cause changes in mechanical properties such as Young modulus, tensile strength and hardness in weld zone. The aim of this paper is to identify the mechanical properties of weld zone by uni-axial tensile test, nanoindentation test and hardness test. For this aim, quenched and tempered steel plates were chosen as a test material having high strength. These plates were welded together by flux-cored arc welding method. To determine the effect of weld pass number on the mechanical properties, the weld was completed in single and multi-pass (MP) butt welds separately. For experiments, tensile test specimens were cut by plasma cutting method according to related standard on welded plates. These specimens were subjected to three different post weld heat treatments (PWHT) such as 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C to evaluate the hardness change in HAZ. The effect of weld-pass number and PWHT on mechanical properties such as Young modulus, tensile strength and hardness were obtained from WM and HAZ by uni-axial tensile test and nanoindentation test and compared to each other. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of weld zone of welded tensile test specimens (WTTS)-2 is lower than WTTS-1 due to MP welding process. Furthermore, the strain behaviour of weld zone is not affected by PWHT significantly.

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Liu, Guiliang, Yipeng Li, Zongbei He, Yang Chen, Shuo Cong, Zhaoke Chen, Xiuyin Huang, Ruiqian Zhang, and Guang Ran. "Investigation of Microstructure and Nanoindentation Hardness of C+ & He+ Irradiated Nanocrystal SiC Coatings during Annealing and Corrosion." Materials 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 5567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235567.

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The microstructure and nanoindentation hardness of unirradiated, irradiated, annealed and corroded SiC coatings were characterized. Irradiation of 400 keV C+ and 200 keV He+ with approximately 10 dpa did not cause obvious amorphous transformation to nanocrystal SiC coatings and induced helium bubbles with 2–3 nm dimension distributed uniformly in the SiC matrix. High temperature annealing resulted in the transformation of SiC nanocrystals into columnar crystals in the irradiated region. Line-shaped bubble bands formed at the columnar crystal boundaries and their stacking fault planes and made the formation of microcracks of hundreds of nanometers in length. Meanwhile, some isolated helium bubbles distributed in SiC grains still maintained a size of 2–3 nm, despite annealing at 1200 °C for 5 h. The SiC coating showed excellent corrosion resistance under high-temperature, high-pressure water. The weight of the sample decreased with the increase of corrosion time. The nanoindentation hardness and the elastic modulus increased significantly with C+ and He+ irradiation, while their values decreased with high-temperature annealing. An increase in the annealing temperature led to an increased reduction in the values. Corrosion caused the decrease of nanoindentation hardness and the elastic modulus in the whole test depth range, whether the samples were irradiated or unirradiated.

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Lee, Seung-Hwan, Siqun Wang, George M. Pharr, Matthew Kant, and Dayakar Penumadu. "Mechanical properties and creep behavior of lyocell fibers by nanoindentation and nano-tensile testing." Holzforschung 61, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.062.

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Abstract Mechanical and time-dependent mechanical properties of lyocell fibers have been investigated as a function of depth at a nano-scale level in longitudinal and transverse directions. The nanoindentation technique was applied and extended to continuous stiffness measurement. Lyo10 and Lyo13 lyocell fibers were investigated. The individual fiber properties were measured using a nano-tensile testing system to obtain reference data for mechanical properties. The hardness and elastic modulus obtained from nanoindentation test are described using two different approaches. The first uses mean values for a depth of 150–300 nm, while the second uses unloading values at the final indentation depth. There is no significant difference between modulus values inferred from nanoindentation and those obtained from single fiber tensile testing. Hardness and elastic modulus values were higher in the longitudinal direction than those in the transverse direction and Lyo13 values were higher than those for Lyo10 in both directions. The time-dependent mechanical properties were also investigated as a function of the holding time. Increasing the holding time led to an increase in indentation displacement and a decrease in hardness. Stress exponents were calculated from the linear relationship between contact stress and contact strain using a power-law creep equation.

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Zulkifli, Muhammad Nubli, Azman Jalar, Shahrum Abdullah, and Norinsan Kamil Othman. "Bondability and Strength Evaluation of Gold Ball Bond Using Nanoindentation Approach." Key Engineering Materials 700 (July 2016): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.700.132.

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The evaluation of the strength and bondability of gold, Au ball bond requires a new approach to provide a more detail data. Nanoindentation test was used as a new approach to evaluate the strength distribution and bondability of Au ball. Au ball bonds that experienced different value of wire bonding parameter namely bonding force, bonding time, bonding power, and stage temperature were used as samples for the present analysis. The distribution of strength based on hardness and reduced modulus values located at the bonding area of Au ball bonds were found to be related with the values of the wire bonding parameter. Nanoindentation test was found to be a suitable approach to analyze and evaluate the bondability of Au ball bond in a localized and detailed manner. In addition, the responsible mechanism for the thermosonic Au wire bonding can be identified and analyzed by using the results obtained from the nanoindentation test.

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Qiao, Guo Chao, Ming Zhou, and Ming Wang. "Nanoindentation Test and Stress Fields Simulation of Hot-Pressed Silicon Nitride Ceramic." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2207.

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In order to investigate material properties of silicon nitride ceramic, nanoindentation tests are carried out on Hot-press silicon nitride specimen. The micro-hardness and elastic modulus are obtained. simultaneously, load-displacement curve is acquired. The whole process is simulated in ansys. Through comparing, there are satisfactory consistency between experimental curve and simulation curve. In addition, simulation can also indicate the distribution of stress fields during loading and unloading process. Base on these informations, the mode of cracks development and mechanism of material removal can be known.

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Kašiarová, Monika, Dagmar Galusková, Zuzana Vilčeková, Peter Tatarko, Petra Gaalová, and Dušan Galusek. "Corrosion Behavior of Human Teeth Measured by Nanoindentation Method." Key Engineering Materials 606 (March 2014): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.606.145.

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The decrease of the mechanical properties – hardness and reduced elastic modulus after corrosion in white wine was measured. Under static corrosion conditions no significant decrease was observed up to 8 hours of corrosion. Dynamic corrosion conditions cause detrimental decrease of properties (one order of magnitude) compare to the results of static corrosion test. This is due to the removal of the harder outer layer of the enamel during polishing. To obtain a relevant data concerning corrosion test, natural surface of a tooth should be investigated and tested.

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Chang, Rwei Ching, Feng Yuan Chen, and Chang En Sun. "Using Nanoindentation and Nanoscratch to Determine Thin Film Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.357.

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This work uses nanoindentation and nanoscratch to measure the mechanical properties of evaporation copper thin films. The thin film is deposited on a silicon wafer substrate by using the physical vapor deposition method provided by a resistive heating evaporator. The mechanical properties are then determined by indentation test and lateral force test produced by nanoindenter and nanoscratch. The results show that, as the copper thin film is 500nm in thickness and the indentation depth increases from 100nm to 400nm, the Young’s modulus increases from 151GPa to 160GPa while the hardness increases from 2.8GPa to 3.5GPa. Moreover, both the Young’s modulus and the hardness decrease as the thickness of the thin film increases. Besides, the nanoscratch results show that the friction factor also increases as the scratch depth increases, and a thinner film thickness makes a larger friction factor. The results represent the substrate has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the thin films.

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Shibutani, Tadahiro, Qiang Yu, and Masaki Shiratori. "A Study of Deformation Mechanism During Nanoindentation Creep in Tin-Based Solder Balls." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 1 (May 12, 2006): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2429712.

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As the shrinkage and integration of devices, the creep behavior of tin-based alloys becomes important with microscales. In this paper, the behavior of creep deformation in solder alloys during a nanoindentation test was examined. Nanoindentation creep test was carried out for tin-based solder balls. Obtained results summarized as follows: (i) The stress exponent for power-law creep estimated can be evaluated from the evolution of hardness. These values obtained in the early stage corresponds with that of bulk within the range of high strain rate. (ii) The stress sensitivity decreases after stress relaxation in nanoindentation creep tests. The saturated value is 1 in three solder balls. (iii) The morphology of indented surface consists of three parts: initial indentation, power-law creep, and granular surface. It suggests that the transition from power-law creep to diffusion creep takes place. (iv) Finite element method analysis reveals stress and strain concentration appears in the vicinity of the tip. Strain field remains self-similar as the indentation proceeds. (v) The gradient of triaxial stresses below the tip in a nanoindentation test accelerates the creep strain rate due to the diffusive flow, relatively.

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Abdullah, Shahrum, Mohd Faridz Mod Yunoh, Azman Jalar, and Mohamad Faizal Abdullah. "Hardness Test on an Epoxy Mold Compounds of a Quad Flat No Lead Package Using the Depth Sensing Nanoindentation." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1000–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1000.

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This study focuses on the effect of stress and load towards hardness at epoxy mold compounds (EMCs) of a Quad Flat No- Lead (QFN) package using indentation technique. A series of three points bending cyclic test were performed with four different loads between 60 N to 120 N on QFN package. The nanoindentation with the maximum load of 300 mN was indented at five locations that perpendicular to the stress line on EMCs of QFN package after three points bending cyclic test were performed. The findings showed that the mean value of hardness was varied with load and stress. Higher load and stress were found to be not affected by hardness of EMCs. From the results, it is believed that the applied load and stress not play a role towards the hardness of EMCs. A polynomial relationship was plotted and shown that correlation of coefficient (R2) between stress and hardness of the studied EMCs was found to be at 97%. Finally, the finding suggested that a close correlation between the stress and hardness since it correlation coefficient gave a higher value with the polynomial relationship.

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Setty, Mohan, and Srinivas Nunna. "Effect of Pre-test Routine Speeds on Hardness and Modulus Values Measured by Nanoindentation." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 50, no. 3 (December 6, 2021): 20210258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20210258.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoindentation hardness test'

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