Journal articles on the topic 'Nanohorns de carbono'

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1

Kowalczyk, Piotr, Artur P. Terzyk, Piotr A. Gauden, Sylwester Furmaniak, and Katsumi Kaneko. "Toward in silico modeling of palladium–hydrogen–carbon nanohorn nanocomposites." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 23 (2014): 11763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01345j.

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The first in silico modeling of the Pd–H-single-walled carbon nanohorn nanocomposites shows that apex angle of horn-shaped tips of single-walled carbon nanohorns controls the morphology and reactivity of confined Pd clusters.
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2

Hasani, Ali. "Approaches to Graphene, Carbon Nanotube and Carbon nanohorn, Synthesis, Properties and Applications." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180904102649.

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By far the most important members of carbon-based materials family, are graphene, Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and Carbon Nanohorn (CNH). Thanks to their outstanding features and effective applications, have been broadly researched in recent times. Numerous ways have been proposed to synthesize graphene, CNT and CNH. This paper presents an overview of approaches to graphene, CNT and CNH synthesis, properties and applications. Most of the ways to create graphene is related to Hummer's method. Thanks to the exclusive electrical and thermal properties of graphene, it has been applied to build batteries, gas and vapor sensors, and elimination of numerous pollutants from water. Also, this review involves the conventional definition of the carbon nanotubes growth mechanism. Undoubtedly, an expert interpretation of nanotube growth at the atomic scale is one of the major challenges to improve nanotubes bulk synthesis procedure. In fact, a controlled growth may lead to get the ideal form of nanotube. Moreover, carbon nanohorn is a new member of single-graphene tubules family with a diameter of 3-6 nm and a length 35-45 nm. According to the latest reports, a new fluid including carbon nanohorns and ethylene glycol can be used for solar energy applications. Carbon nanohorns have an important role in increasing sunlight absorption as for the pure base fluid. Nanohorn spectral characteristics are far more interesting than those of amorphous carbon for the exclusive application. They can be used in important industries such as gas sensors, drug delivery, detecting some food borne contaminants.
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3

Venezia, Eleonora, Pejman Salimi, Susana Chauque, and Remo Proietti Zaccaria. "Sustainable Synthesis of Sulfur−Single Walled Carbon Nanohorns Composite for Long Cycle Life Lithium−Sulfur Battery." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 3933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12223933.

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Lithium–sulfur batteries are considered one of the most appealing technologies for next-generation energy−storage devices. However, the main issues impeding market breakthrough are the insulating property of sulfur and the lithium−polysulfide shuttle effect, which cause premature cell failure. To face this challenge, we employed an easy and sustainable evaporation method enabling the encapsulation of elemental sulfur within carbon nanohorns as hosting material. This synthesis process resulted in a morphology capable of ameliorating the shuttle effect and improving the electrode conductivity. The electrochemical characterization of the sulfur–carbon nanohorns active material revealed a remarkable cycle life of 800 cycles with a stable capacity of 520 mA h/g for the first 400 cycles at C/4, while reaching a value around 300 mAh/g at the 750th cycle. These results suggest sulfur–carbon nanohorn active material as a potential candidate for next−generation battery technology.
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4

Verde-Gómez, Ysmael, Elizabeth Montiel-Macías, Ana María Valenzuela-Muñiz, Ivonne Alonso-Lemus, Mario Miki-Yoshida, Karim Zaghib, Nicolas Brodusch, and Raynald Gauvin. "Structural Study of Sulfur-Added Carbon Nanohorns." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103412.

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In the past few decades, nanostructured carbons (NCs) have been investigated for their interesting properties, which are attractive for a wide range of applications in electronic devices, energy systems, sensors, and support materials. One approach to improving the properties of NCs is to dope them with various heteroatoms. This work describes the synthesis and study of sulfur-added carbon nanohorns (S-CNH). Synthesis of S-CNH was carried out by modified chemical vapor deposition (m-CVD) using toluene and thiophene as carbon and sulfur sources, respectively. Some parameters such as the temperature of synthesis and carrier gas flow rates were modified to determine their effect on the properties of S-CNH. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of hollow horn-type carbon nanostructures with lengths between 1 to 3 µm and, diameters that are in the range of 50 to 200 nm. Two types of carbon layers were observed, with rough outer layers and smooth inner layers. The surface textural properties are attributed to the defects induced by the sulfur intercalated into the lattice or bonded with the carbon. The XRD patterns and X-ray microanalysis studies show that iron serves as the seed for carbon nanohorn growth and iron sulfide is formed during synthesis.
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5

Kumar, Dinesh, Veena Verma, H. S. Bhatti, and Keya Dharamvir. "Elastic Moduli of Carbon Nanohorns." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/127952.

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Carbon nanotube is a special case of carbon nanohorns or carbon nanocones with zero apex angle. Research into carbon nanohorns started almost at the same time as the discovery of nanotubes in 1991. Most researchers focused on the investigation of nanotubes, and the exploration of nanohorns attracted little attention. To model the carbon nanohorns, we make use of a more reliable second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential by Brenner and coworkers. We investigate the elastic moduli and conclude that these nanohorns are equally strong and require in-depth investigation. The values of Young's and Shear moduli decrease with apex angle.
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6

Sani, Elisa, Nicolò Papi, Luca Mercatelli, Simona Barison, Filippo Agresti, Stefano Rossi, and Aldo Dell’Oro. "Optical Limiting of Carbon Nanohorn-Based Aqueous Nanofluids: A Systematic Study." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112160.

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Nowadays, the use of lasers has become commonplace in everyday life, and laser protection has become an important field of scientific investigation, as well as a security issue. In this context, optical limiters are receiving increasing attention. This work focuses on the identification of the significant parameters affecting optical limiting properties of aqueous suspensions of pristine single-wall carbon nanohorns. The study is carried out on the spectral range, spanning from ultraviolet to near-infrared (355, 532 and 1064 nm). Optical nonlinear properties are systematically investigated as a function of nanohorn morphology, concentration, dimensions of aggregates, sample preparation procedure, nanostructure oxidation and the presence and concentration of surfactants to identify the role of each parameter in the nonlinear optical behavior of colloids. The size and morphology of individual nanoparticles were identified to primarily determine optical limiting. A cluster size effect was also demonstrated, showing more effective optical limiting in larger aggregates. Most importantly, we describe an original approach to identify the dominant nonlinear mechanism. This method requires simple transmittance measurements and a fitting procedure. In our suspensions, nonlinearity was identified to be of electronic origin at a 532 nm wavelength, while at 355 nm, it was found in the generation of bubbles.
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7

MacLucas, Timothy, and Sebastian Suarez. "On the Solid Lubricity of Electrophoretically Deposited Carbon Nanohorn Coatings." Lubricants 7, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7080062.

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In this study, dahlia-type carbon nanohorns (CNH) have been deposited onto a stainless steel substrate by using electrophoretic deposition. Secondly, the lubrication properties of the carbon nanohorn coating have been researched by tribometry and compared to an uncoated reference. Wear track analysis has been conducted to identify the underlying tribo-mechanisms. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the structural changes of the CNH during dispersion and tribological testing. Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used in order to investigate the chemical composition of the wear tracks’ surface. This work has shown that CNH coatings have the ability to maintain effective solid lubrication on a polished stainless steel surface. A temporary friction reduction of 83% was achieved compared to the uncoated reference. Moreover, the lubricity was active for significant periods of time due to the formation of a Mg(OH)2 layer which provides a certain degree of substrate adhesion as it holds the CNH in the wear track. Once this holding layer wanes, the CNH are gradually removed from wear track resulting in an increase of the coefficient of friction. The complete removal of CNH from the wear track as well as considerable oxide formation was confirmed by EDX. Moreover, the amount of defects in the CNHs’ structure increases by being exposed to tribological strain. Adhesion has been identified as the dominant wear mechanism.
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8

Cioffi, Carla, St?phane Campidelli, Fulvio G. Brunetti, Moreno Meneghetti, and Maurizio Prato. "Functionalisation of carbon nanohorns." Chemical Communications, no. 20 (2006): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b601176d.

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9

Miyako, Eijiro, Hideya Nagata, Ken Hirano, Kotaro Sakamoto, Yoji Makita, Ken-ichi Nakayama, and Takahiro Hirotsu. "Photoinduced antiviral carbon nanohorns." Nanotechnology 19, no. 7 (January 29, 2008): 075106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/7/075106.

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10

Pagona, Georgia, Georgios Rotas, Ioannis D. Petsalakis, Giannoula Theodorakopoulos, Jing Fan, Alan Maigné, Masako Yudasaka, Sumio Iijima, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Soluble Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 3468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.821.

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11

Zhang, Jianshuo, Yang Liu, Zhoubin Yu, Meihua Huang, Chuxin Wu, Chuanhong Jin, and Lunhui Guan. "Boosting the performance of the Fe–N–C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction by introducing single-walled carbon nanohorns as branches on carbon fibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 40 (2019): 23182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08938a.

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12

Puthusseri, Divya, Deepu J. Babu, Sherif Okeil, and Jörg J. Schneider. "Gas adsorption capacity in an all carbon nanomaterial composed of carbon nanohorns and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 38 (2017): 26265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp05022d.

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Carbon composites composed of arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and spherically aggregated carbon nanohorns show an enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity in the high pressure regime.
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13

Chen, Daiqin, Chao Wang, Feng Jiang, Zhuang Liu, Chunying Shu, and Li-Jun Wan. "In vitro and in vivo photothermally enhanced chemotherapy by single-walled carbon nanohorns as a drug delivery system." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 29 (2014): 4726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00249k.

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14

Zhu, Gangbing, Mwenze Nkulu Fiston, Junjuan Qian, and Odoom Jibrael Kingsford. "Highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of para-chloronitrobenzene using a carbon nanohorn–nanotube hybrid modified electrode." Analytical Methods 11, no. 8 (2019): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02680g.

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15

Sandanayaka, Atula S. D., and Osamu Ito. "Photoinduced electron transfer in supramolecules composed of porphyrin/phthalocyanine and nanocarbon materials." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 13, no. 10 (October 2009): 1017–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424609001388.

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Photoinduced electron transfer in supramolecules composed of porphyrin/phthalocyanine and nanocarbon materials such as fullerenes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and single-walled carbon nanohorns have been reviewed. With the aid of highly efficient visible-light harvesting porphyrin/phthalocyanine, the photosensitized electron transfer takes place from the photoexcited porphyrin/phthalocyanine to fullerene, which acts as a strong electron acceptor. In the case of nanocarbon materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanohorns, they may act as electron-trapping sites. From the holes and electrons generated on porphyrin/phthalocyanine-nanocarbons, electron pooling takes place at the strong and stable electron trapper (viologen dication) in solution.
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16

Peña-Álvarez, Miriam, Elena del Corro, Fernando Langa, Valentín G. Baonza, and Mercedes Taravillo. "Morphological changes in carbon nanohorns under stress: a combined Raman spectroscopy and TEM study." RSC Advances 6, no. 55 (2016): 49543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27162b.

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17

Chronopoulos, Demetrios D., Zheng Liu, Kazu Suenaga, Masako Yudasaka, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "[3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides generated by thermal ring opening of aziridines onto carbon nanohorns." RSC Advances 6, no. 50 (2016): 44782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07167h.

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18

Xu, Yanxia, Xianfu Meng, Jinliang Liu, Shuyun Zhu, Lining Sun, and Liyi Shi. "New nanoplatforms based on upconversion nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanohorns for sensitive detection of acute promyelocytic leukemia." RSC Advances 6, no. 2 (2016): 1037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17451a.

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19

Hirata, Eri, Eijiro Miyako, Nobutaka Hanagata, Natsumi Ushijima, Norihito Sakaguchi, Julie Russier, Masako Yudasaka, Sumio Iijima, Alberto Bianco, and Atsuro Yokoyama. "Carbon nanohorns allow acceleration of osteoblast differentiation via macrophage activation." Nanoscale 8, no. 30 (2016): 14514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr02756c.

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20

Suarez-Martinez, Irene, Marc Monthioux, and Christopher P. Ewels. "Fullerene Interaction with Carbon Nanohorns." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 6144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2009.1571.

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21

Chronopoulos, Demetrios, Nikolaos Karousis, Toshinari Ichihashi, Masako Yudasaka, Sumio Iijima, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Benzyne cycloaddition onto carbon nanohorns." Nanoscale 5, no. 14 (2013): 6388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr01755a.

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22

Stergiou, Anastasios, Zheng Liu, Bin Xu, Toshiro Kaneko, Christopher P. Ewels, Kazu Suenaga, Minfang Zhang, Masako Yudasaka, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Individualized p-Doped Carbon Nanohorns." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 35 (July 22, 2016): 10468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201605644.

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23

Stergiou, Anastasios, Zheng Liu, Bin Xu, Toshiro Kaneko, Christopher P. Ewels, Kazu Suenaga, Minfang Zhang, Masako Yudasaka, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Individualized p-Doped Carbon Nanohorns." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 35 (July 22, 2016): 10624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201605644.

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24

Ambolikar, Arvind S., Saurav K. Guin, and Suman Neogy. "An insight into the outer- and inner-sphere electrochemistry of oxygenated single-walled carbon nanohorns (o-SWCNHs)." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 46 (2019): 18210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj04467a.

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25

Russell, Brice A., Aldo D. Migone, Justin Petucci, M. Mercedes Calbi, Masako Yudasaka, and Sumio Iijima. "Ethane adsorption on aggregates of dahlia-like nanohorns: experiments and computer simulations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 22 (2016): 15436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp01861k.

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26

Annamalai, K. P., Jianping Gao, Lile Liu, Jun Mei, Woonming Lau, and Yousheng Tao. "Nanoporous graphene/single wall carbon nanohorn heterostructures with enhanced capacitance." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 11740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02580j.

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Zhu, Shuyun, Xian-En Zhao, Jinmao You, Guobao Xu, and Hua Wang. "Carboxylic-group-functionalized single-walled carbon nanohorns as peroxidase mimetics and their application to glucose detection." Analyst 140, no. 18 (2015): 6398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an01104c.

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Almeida, Eduardo R., Hélio F. Dos Santos, and Priscila V. S. Z. Capriles. "Carbon nanohorns as nanocontainers for cisplatin: insight into their interaction with the plasma membranes of normal and breast cancer cells." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 30 (2021): 16376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02015c.

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Lucío, María Isabel, Roberta Opri, Marcella Pinto, Alessia Scarsi, Jose L. G. Fierro, Moreno Meneghetti, Giulio Fracasso, Maurizio Prato, Ester Vázquez, and María Antonia Herrero. "Targeted killing of prostate cancer cells using antibody–drug conjugated carbon nanohorns." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 44 (2017): 8821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb02464a.

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30

Vizuete, María, María J. Gómez-Escalonilla, Myriam Barrejón, José Luis G. Fierro, Minfang Zhang, Masako Yudasaka, Sumio Iijima, Pedro Atienzar, Hermenegildo García, and Fernando Langa. "Synthesis, characterization and photoinduced charge separation of carbon nanohorn–oligothienylenevinylene hybrids." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 3 (2016): 1828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05734e.

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31

Wang, Junling, Ran Wang, Fangrong Zhang, Yajun Yin, Leixia Mei, Fengjuan Song, Mingtao Tao, Wanqing Yue, and Wenying Zhong. "Overcoming multidrug resistance by a combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy mediated by carbon nanohorns." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 36 (2016): 6043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb01469k.

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32

Iglesias, Daniel, Javier Guerra, María Isabel Lucío, Rafael C. González-Cano, Juan T. López Navarrete, M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado, Ester Vázquez, and M. Antonia Herrero. "Microwave-assisted functionalization of carbon nanohorns with oligothiophene units with SERS activity." Chemical Communications 56, no. 63 (2020): 8948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03496g.

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33

Voiry, Damien, Georgia Pagona, Elisa Del Canto, Luca Ortolani, Vittorio Morandi, Laure Noé, Marc Monthioux, Nikos Tagmatarchis, and Alain Penicaud. "Reductive dismantling and functionalization of carbon nanohorns." Chemical Communications 51, no. 24 (2015): 5017–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc10389k.

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Aggregated carbon nanohorns (CNHs) spontaneously dismantle in organic solvents upon reduction with potassium naphthalenide; the reduced CNHs can be further functionalized via addition of electrophiles.
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Nan, Yanli, Yuanyuan He, Zihan Zhang, Jian Wei, and Yubin Zhang. "Controllable synthesis of N-doped carbon nanohorns: tip from closed to half-closed, used as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction." RSC Advances 11, no. 56 (2021): 35463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra06458d.

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35

Zieba, Wojciech, Piotr Olejnik, Stanislaw Koter, Piotr Kowalczyk, Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska, and Artur P. Terzyk. "Opening the internal structure for transport of ions: improvement of the structural and chemical properties of single-walled carbon nanohorns for supercapacitor electrodes." RSC Advances 10, no. 63 (2020): 38357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07748h.

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Kagkoura, Antonia, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Carbon Nanohorn-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071407.

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In the context of even more growing energy demands, the investigation of alternative environmentally friendly solutions, like fuel cells, is essential. Given their outstanding properties, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) have come forth as promising electrocatalysts within the nanocarbon family. Carbon nanohorns are conical nanostructures made of sp2 carbon sheets that form aggregated superstructures during their synthesis. They require no metal catalyst during their preparation and they are inexpensively produced in industrial quantities, affording a favorable candidate for electrocatalytic reactions. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview regarding CNHs in the field of electrocatalysis and especially, in oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation, and hydrogen evolution, as well as oxygen evolution from water splitting, underlining the progress made so far, and pointing out the areas where significant improvement can be achieved.
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Ford, Rochelle, Stephen J. Devereux, Susan J. Quinn, and Robert D. O'Neill. "Carbon nanohorn modified platinum electrodes for improved immobilisation of enzyme in the design of glutamate biosensors." Analyst 144, no. 17 (2019): 5299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01085h.

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Cui, Longbin, Yang Liu, Xiaohui Wu, Ziqi Hu, Zujin Shi, and Huanjun Li. "Fe3O4-decorated single-walled carbon nanohorns with extraordinary microwave absorption property." RSC Advances 5, no. 92 (2015): 75817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13077h.

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Cong, Huan, and Yi Luan. "Recent Synthetic Advances on π-Extended Carbon Nanohoops." Synlett 28, no. 12 (March 20, 2017): 1383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588978.

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As a part of the ‘bottom-up’ campaign for the precise preparation of carbon nanotubes, the chemical synthesis of carbon nanohoops is observing rapid progress, with a number of milestone achievements, over the past decade. With simple carbon nanohoops (e.g. cycloparaphenylenes) now no longer elusive targets, this Synpacts article highlights latest synthetic advances to further build up nanohoops’ π-systems. Works reviewed herein include the study explaining the unsuccessful Scholl reaction method, the preparation of a carbon nanohoop consisting solely of hexabenzocoronene units, syntheses of π-extended carbon nanohoops employing the ring-closing metathesis method, and the anthracene photodimerization/cycloreversion method for anthracene-incorporated carbon nanohoop synthesis.1 Introduction2 Some Latest Syntheses of π-Extended Carbon Nanohoops3 Conclusion
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Chen, Min, Jiang Guo, Fangjing Mo, Hui Meng, Wangqing Yu, and Yingzi Fu. "Self-enhanced photoelectrochemical sensor based on a Schottky heterostructure organic electron donor matrix." Chemical Communications 58, no. 3 (2022): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc04500h.

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A self-enhanced photoelectrochemical copper ion sensor was constructed using an organic electron donor matrix with a Schottky heterostructure prepared from dopamine and single walled carbon nanohorns.
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Wang, Ran, Hongjing Cui, Junling Wang, Nannan Li, Qian Zhao, Ying Zhou, Zhiyi Lv, and Wenying Zhong. "Enhancing the antitumor effect of methotrexate in intro and in vivo by a novel targeted single-walled carbon nanohorn-based drug delivery system." RSC Advances 6, no. 53 (2016): 47272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06667d.

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Parasuraman, Perumalswamy Sekar, Vijaya Rohini Parasuraman, Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan, Hsieh-Chih Tsai, and Juin-Yih Lai. "Synthesis of “Dahlia-Like” Hydrophilic Fluorescent Carbon Nanohorn as a Bio-Imaging PROBE." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122977.

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Carbon nanohorns (CNH) were synthesized by a simple conventional hydrothermal method in this study. The CNHs were prepared by the chemical oxidation from the carbonation of Nafion (catalyst) with heparin (carbon resource). The formation of CNH involved two major steps, as described followed. First, the formation of carbon nanorice (CNR) was achieved by carbonation and self-assembly of heparin inside the Nafion structure. Second, the further oxidation of CNR resulted the heterogeneous and porous micelle domains showed at the outer layer of the CNR particles. These porous domains exhibited hydrophobic carbon and resulted self-assembly of the CNR to form the structure of CNHs. The resulting CNHs aggregated into a “dahlia-like” morphology with fluorescence in a diameter of 50–200 nm. The “dahlia-like” CNH showed better fluorescence (450nm) than CNR particles because of the presence of more structural defect. These findings suggest that the hydrophilic fluorescent carbon nanohorns (HFCNHs) synthesized in this study have the potential to be used for in vitro bio-imaging
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Wan, Jinpeng, Ruling Wang, Hanrui Bai, Yibo Wang, and Jin Xu. "Comparative physiological and metabolomics analysis reveals that single-walled carbon nanohorns and ZnO nanoparticles affect salt tolerance in Sophora alopecuroides." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 10 (2020): 2968–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en00582g.

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Using physiology and metabolome analyses, we showed the promoting effects of single-walled carbon nanohorns and ZnO nanoparticles on plant growth and salt tolerance in Sophora alopecuroides seedlings.
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44

Lodermeyer, Fabian, Rubén D. Costa, Rubén Casillas, Florian T. U. Kohler, Peter Wasserscheid, Maurizio Prato, and Dirk M. Guldi. "Carbon nanohorn-based electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 1 (2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee02037e.

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45

Bertozzi, C., R. Jasti, J. Bhattacharjee, and J. Neaton. "Carbon Nanohoops." Synfacts 2009, no. 03 (February 19, 2009): 0266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1087767.

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46

Deng, Li, and Mingyuan Zhu. "Metal–nitrogen (Co-g-C3N4) doping of surface-modified single-walled carbon nanohorns for use as an oxygen reduction electrocatalyst." RSC Advances 6, no. 31 (2016): 25670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27895c.

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A cobalt-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) polymer was supported on surface-modified single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) to produce a new Co-g-C3N4 catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
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47

Merlo, A., V. R. S. S. Mokkapati, S. Pandit, and I. Mijakovic. "Boron nitride nanomaterials: biocompatibility and bio-applications." Biomaterials Science 6, no. 9 (2018): 2298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8bm00516h.

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Boron nitride has structural characteristics similar to carbon 2D materials (graphene and its derivatives) and its layered structure has been exploited to form different nanostructures such as nanohorns, nanotubes, nanoparticles and nanosheets.
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48

Miyawaki, Jin, Masako Yudasaka, Takeshi Azami, Yoshimi Kubo, and Sumio Iijima. "Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns." ACS Nano 2, no. 2 (January 16, 2008): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn700185t.

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49

Geng, Junfeng, Caterina Ducati, Douglas S. Shephard, Manish Chhowalla, Brian F. G. Johnson, and John Robertson. "Carbon nanohorns grown from ruthenium nanoparticles." Chemical Communications, no. 10 (April 19, 2002): 1112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b201182b.

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50

Pagona, Georgia, Nikos Tagmatarchis, Jing Fan, Masako Yudasaka, and Sumio Iijima. "Cone-End Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns." Chemistry of Materials 18, no. 17 (August 2006): 3918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0604864.

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