Journal articles: 'Nanofilled composites'

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Hamdi, K., Z. Aboura, W. Harizi, and K. Khellil. "Improvement of the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by incorporation of nanofillers and the resulting thermal and mechanical behavior." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (August 30, 2017): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726588.

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This work tends to characterize the effect of carbon black nanofillers on the properties of the woven carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers. First of all, composites from nanofilled Polyamide 6 resin reinforced by carbon fibers were fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy observations were performed to localize the nanoparticles and showed that particles penetrated the fiber zone. In fact, by reaching this zone, the carbon black nanofillers create a connectivity's network between fibers, which produces an easy pathway for the electrical current. It explains the noticed improvement of the electrical conductivity of the carbon black nanofilled composites. Electrical conductivity of neat matrix composite passed from 20 to 80 S/cm by adding 8 wt% of carbon black and to 140 S/cm by adding 16 wt% of the same nanofiller. The addition of nanofillers modifies the heating and cooling laws of carbon fiber reinforced polymer: the nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced polymer with 16 wt% is the most conductive so it heats less. Based on these results, the use of the composite itself as an indicator of this mechanical state might be possible. In fact, the study of the influence of a mechanical loading on the electrical properties of the composite by recording the variance of an electrical set is possible.

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Yang, Guoqing, Junda Cui, Yoshimichi Ohki, Deyi Wang, Yang Li, and Kai Tao. "Dielectric and relaxation properties of composites of epoxy resin and hyperbranched-polyester-treated nanosilica." RSC Advances 8, no. 54 (2018): 30669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05846f.

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Angerame, D., and M. De Biasi. "Do Nanofilled/Nanohybrid Composites Allow for Better Clinical Performance of Direct Restorations Than Traditional Microhybrid Composites? A Systematic Review." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): E191—E209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-212-l.

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SUMMARY This systematic review was carried out to assess the clinical effectiveness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites used for direct restorations in comparison with microhybrid composites. The guidelines for the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were followed. A search of articles published from July 1996 to February 2017 was performed in PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, the Scientific Electronic Library Online, and the Cochrane Library. The present review selected only randomized controlled trials comparing the clinical performance of a nanofilled or nanohybrid composite for direct restorations with that of a microhybrid composite. The research found 201 studies. Twenty-one articles fulfilled the criteria of the present review. However, the included studies were characterized by great methodological diversities. As a general trend, nanofilled and nanohybrid composites were found to be capable of clinical performance, marginal quality, and resistance to wear similar to that of traditional composites without showing improved surface characteristics. The risk of bias of included studies was judged unclear or high. The clinical performance of nanofilled/nanohybrid composites was found to be comparable to that of traditional composites in the posterior area. The data concerning anterior and cervical restorations were insufficient. With regard to the esthetic properties, there is a compelling need for studies on anterior teeth in which the operators are kept unaware of the restorative material. Nanofilled/nanohybrid composites seem to be a valid alternative to traditional microhybrid composites, and at the moment, there is low-level evidence attesting a lack of their superiority.

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Chandra, Johanna, Laksmiari Setyowati, and Setyabudi Setyabudi. "Kekasaran Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanofilled dan Nanohybrid Setelah Paparan Asap Rokok Kretek." Conservative Dentistry Journal 8, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v8i1.2018.30-35.

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Background: Cigarette smoking is a public health problem that may influence physical properties of dental composites. Surface roughness is one of the physical properties of restorative materials that can influence their success. The use of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites in dentistry has substantially increased over the past few years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke. Methods: Twelve cylindrical specimens were prepared of each material and divided into two groups (n=6). For the control groups, the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours at 37oC and the water was renewed daily. For the experimental groups, the specimens were exposed daily to kretek cigarette smoke, then washed and stored in distilled water at 37oC. After 21 days, specimens were measured using a Surface Roughness Tester and the data was statistically analyzed. Result: Independent-T Test revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the surface roughness between control and experimental groups both nanofilled and nanohybrid, and between experimental groups nanofilled and nanohybrid. Conclusion: The exposure to kretek cigarette smoke can significantly increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composites more than nanofilled composites.

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Setyowati, Laksmiari, S. Setyabudi, and Johanna Chandra. "Surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i1.p37-41.

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Background: Cigarette smoking is a public health issue that may influence the physical properties of dental composites. Surface roughness is one of the physical properties of restorative materials potentially influencing their success. The use of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites in dentistry has increased substantially over the past few years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke. Methods: Twelve cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared and divided into two groups (n=6). In the control groups, the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, with the water being renewed daily. For the experimental groups, the specimens were exposed to kretek cigarette smoke on a daily basis, then washed and soaked in distilled water at 37°C. After 21 days, the specimens were measured using a Surface Roughness Tester and the data was then statistically analyzed. Results: An Independent-T Test revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the surface roughness between the control and experimental groups of both nanofilled and nanohybrid composites, as well as between the nanofilled experimental group and the nanohybrid experimental group. Conclusion: Exposure to kretek cigarette smoke can increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composites to a significantly greater extent than nanofilled composites.

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Dresch, W., S. Volpato, J. C. Gomes, N. R. Ribeiro, A. Reis, and A. D. Loguercio. "Clinical Evaluation of a Nanofilled Composite in Posterior Teeth: 12-month Results." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/05-103.

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Goulart, Marcelo, Deisi Fátima Damin, Rafael Melara, and Andréa De Azevedo Brito Conceição. "Effect of pre-heating composites on film thickness." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 4 (December 13, 2013): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e42013274-280.

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Resin composite has been suggested as a luting material for aesthetic indirect restorations and temperature affects material viscosity. Reports of film thickness from new composites are important. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of pre-heating two resin composites on its film thickness in order to use it as a luting agent for indirect restorations (inlays and onlays). Three materials were divided into 5 groups. Two resin composites, nanofilled (Z350 XT/3MESPE) and microhybrid (Opallis/FGM), pre–heated and room temperature, and a resin cement (AllCem/FGM) were tested. Following the guidelines from ISO 4049, each material (0,05mL) was pressed under 15kg between two glass plates covered with polyester film for 180 seconds. After pressed, the material was light polymerized with a LED for 40s and the film thickness measured using a digital micrometer. When testing the groups of pre-heated resin composites the material was heated (64°C) on a specific device (CalSet/AdDent) before all procedures. Data were analyzed using t-Student, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). Resin cement group showed the lower film thickness mean (28,2 µm), followed by the pre-heated microhybrid (45,3 µm). The higher values were obtained with nanofilled composite. Nanofilled room temperature group presented the highest thickness (96,1 µm). Statistical difference was found between all groups. Pre-heating influenced the film thickness of both composites. In this study a microhybrid composite showed better results among resin composite groups. Although not presenting the lower film thickness, as resin cement, some composites could be used for luting indirect restorations when heated.

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Widyaningrum, Sindy, Purwanto Agustiono, and Harsini Harsini. "Surface roughness and colour changes of nanofilled composite resin after immersion in yogurt drink." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 6, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.41479.

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Nanofilled composite resin is one of restorative materials with some weaknesses, such as changes of colour and surface roughness. These weaknesses are attributed to some factors, including frequent consumption some beverages, including yoghurt drinks. This study aims to determine the effect of long immersion of nanofilled composite resin in guava yogurt drink on discoloration and changes in surface roughness. Subjects of the study were nanofilled composite resin materials (3M Filtek Z350XT shade A3) in cylindrical shape with a diameter of 10 mm and 2 mm thickness. Study was conducted by immersing nanofilled resin composites in 10 mL of guava yogurt drink at 37 °C. Twelve specimens were divided into 3 groups with immersion duration of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. Surface roughness measurements were carried out using a profilometer Starrett SR300 surface roughness tester, while the colour measurement parameters according to the system L * a * b * was measured using chromameter Konica Minolta CR-400 before and after treatment. Data of changes in surface roughness and colour changes data (ΔE) were calculated and analysed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed insignificant surface roughness changes but significant colour changes in nanofilled composite resin in the groups of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. It is concluded that immersion duration in guava yoghurt drink significantly affects the colour of nanofilled composite resin.

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Ozsoy, Iskender, Adullah Mimaroglu, and Huseyin Unal. "Influence of micro- and nanofiller contents on friction and wear behavior of epoxy composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 4 (July 26, 2017): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0262.

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AbstractIn this study, the influence of micro- and nanofiller contents on the tribological performance of epoxy composites was studied. The fillers are micro-Al2O3, micro-TiO2, and micro-fly ash and nano-Al2O3, nano-TiO2, and nanoclay fillers. The microfillers were added to the epoxy by 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight. The nanofillers were added to the epoxy by 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. Friction and wear tests were conducted using the pin-on-disc arrangement. Tribo elements consisted of polymer pin and DIN 1.2344 steel counterface disc. A load value of 15 N, a sliding speed of 0.4 m/s, a sliding distance of 2000 m, and dry atmospheric conditions were applied to test conditions. The results show that the friction coefficients and the specific wear rates of the nanofilled composites increase as the filler content increases. For microfiller-filled epoxy composites, these values decrease as filler content increases. The tribological performance of epoxy composites is enhanced by the addition of microfillers, and the higher enhancement is reached with the addition of 30% fly ash filler. Finally, the pin and disc worn surface images show the presence of adhesive and some abrasive wear mechanisms.

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Tonholo, Josealdo, Roberta Alves Pinto Moura Penteado, José Ginaldo Júnior, Milton Fernando de Andrade Silva, Celso da Silva Queiroz, Vanessa Cavalli, Marcos Augusto do Rego, and Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni. "Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Microhybrid and Nanofilled Composites after pH-Cycling and Simulated Toothbrushing." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11, no. 6 (2010): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-11-6-17.

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Abstract Aim This study evaluated the surface roughness patterns of two resin-based composite restorative materials, a microhybrid (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) and a nanofilled (Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE), subjected to a regimen that simulated dynamic pH-cycling and toothbrushing. Methods and Materials Twelve standardized cylindrical specimens of each resin-based composite material were prepared, finished, and mechanically polished. The experimental units were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen followed by 50,000 toothbrushing cycles, after which the surface roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM surface roughness was evaluated at three intervals: (1) immediately after specimen preparation (baseline), (2) after pH-cycling, and (3) after simulated toothbrushing. The results were then analyzed using a split-plot design and followed by linear regression and a Tukey's test at a significance level of p<0.05. Results The results obtained indicated that simulated toothbrushing provoked a remarkable increase in surface roughness for both types of composite resins tested (p=0.0031). However, pH-cycling did not alter the surface of the composite under the conditions of this experiment. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that simulated toothbrushing was capable of increasing the surface roughness of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and the nanofilled (Filtek Supreme) composites tested. Clinical Significance Surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composites is significantly increased after toothbrushing, although pH-cycling, as tested in this study, does not appear to affect the morphology of either composite material. Citation Penteado RAPM, Tonholo J, Ginaldo Júnior J, Silva MFA, Queiroz CS, Cavalli V, Rego MA, Liporoni PCS. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Microhybrid and Nanofilled Composites after pH-Cycling and Simulated Toothbrushing. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):017-024. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11- issue6-liporoni

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Alzraikat, H., MF Burrow, GA Maghaireh, and NA Taha. "Nanofilled Resin Composite Properties and Clinical Performance: A Review." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): E173—E190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-208-t.

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SUMMARY The aim of this review was to compile recent evidence related to nanofilled resin composite materials regarding the properties and clinical performance. Special attention was given to mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, abrasive wear, water sorption, and solubility. The clinical performance of nanocomposite materials compared with hybrid resin composites was also addressed in terms of retention and success rates, marginal adaptation, color match, and surface roughness. A search of English peer-reviewed dental literature (2003-2017) from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted using the terms “nanocomposites” or “nanofilled resin composite” and “clinical evaluation.” The list was screened, and 82 papers that were relevant to the objectives of this work were included in the review. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites are generally comparable to those of hybrid composites but higher than microfilled composites. Nanocomposites presented lower abrasive wear than hybrids but higher sorption values. Their clinical performance was comparable to that of hybrid composites.

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Cristina-Elisabeta, PELIN, STEFAN Adriana, PELIN George, DINCA Ion, FICAI Anton, ANDRONESCU Ecaterina, and VOICU Georgeta. "Mechanical Properties of Nanofilled Polypropylene Composites." INCAS BULLETIN 7, no. 2 (June 12, 2015): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2015.7.2.11.

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Hirata, K., J. Yamagawa, S. Geraldeli, F. Qian, and S. R. Armstrong. "Polishability of nanofilled resin-based composites." Dental Materials 26 (January 2010): e27-e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.068.

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Almeida, G. S., L. T. Poskus, J. G. A. Guimarães, and E. Mda Silva. "The Effect of Mouthrinses on Salivary Sorption, Solubility and Surface Degradation of a Nanofilled and a Hybrid Resin Composite." Operative Dentistry 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/09-080-l.

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Clinical Relevance The use of alcohol-containing mouth rinses with a low pH may increase the sorption and solubility of resin composites. The nanofilled resin composite underwent more surface degradation than the hybrid type.

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Mahmoud, SH, AE El-Embaby, and AM AbdAllah. "Clinical Performance of Ormocer, Nanofilled, and Nanoceramic Resin Composites in Class I and Class II Restorations: A Three-year Evaluation." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-313-c.

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SUMMARY Purpose This prospective long-term clinical trial evaluated and compared the three-year clinical performance of an ormocer, a nanofilled, and a nanoceramic resin composite with that of a microhybrid composite placed in Class I and Class II cavities. Methods Forty patients, each with four Class I and II restorations under occlusion, were enrolled in this study. A total of 160 restorations were placed, 25% for each material, as follows: an ormocer-based composite, Admira; a nanofilled resin composite, Filtek Supreme XT; a nanoceramic resin composite, Ceram X; and a microhybrid resin composite, Tetric Ceram. A single operator placed all restorations according to the manufacturers' instructions. Immediately after placement the restorations were finished/polished. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and at yearly intervals after placement by two other independent examiners using modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The changes in the USPHS parameters during the three-year period were analyzed with the Friedman test. Comparison of the baseline scores with those at the recall visits was made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results All materials showed only minor changes, and no differences were detected between their performance at baseline and after three years. Only two ormocer, one nanofilled, and one microhybrid restorations in molars failed because of loss of retention. Regarding the clinical performance, there were no statistically significant differences among the materials used (p>0.05). Conclusions The ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic composites provided acceptable clinical performance over a three-year period.

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da Silva, E. M., L. T. Poskus, and J. G. A. Guimarães. "Influence of Light-polymerization Modes on the Degree of Conversion and Mechanical Properties of Resin Composites: A Comparative Analysis Between a Hybrid and a Nanofilled Composite." Operative Dentistry 33, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/07-81.

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Clinical Relevance The nanofilled composite presented a lower degree of conversion, flexural modulus and flexural strength than the hybrid composite. On the other hand, the two materials had a similar hardness. The light polymerization mode influenced only the degree of conversion and the hardness of composites.

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Roque, Ana Carolina Cabral, Lauren Oliveira Lima Bohner, Ana Paula Terossi de Godoi, Vivian Colucci, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona, and Alma Blásida Concepción Elizaur Benitez Catirse. "Surface Roughness of Composite Resins Subjected to Hydrochloric Acid." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 3 (June 2015): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300271.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of hydrochloric acid on surface roughness of composite resins subjected to brushing. Sixty samples measuring 2 mm thick x 6 mm diameter were prepared and used as experimental units. The study presented a 3x2 factorial design, in which the factors were composite resin (n=20), at 3 levels: microhybrid composite (Z100), nanofilled composite (FiltekTM Supreme), nanohybrid composite (Ice), and acid challenge (n=10) at 2 levels: absence and presence. Acid challenge was performed by immersion of specimens in hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2) for 1 min, 4 times per day for 7 days. The specimens not subjected to acid challenge were stored in 15 mL of artificial saliva at 37 oC. Afterwards, all specimens were submitted to abrasive challenge by a brushing cycle performed with a 200 g weight at a speed of 356 rpm, totaling 17.8 cycles. Surface roughness measurements (Ra) were performed and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05). Surface roughness values were higher in the presence (1.07±0.24) as compared with the absence of hydrochloric acid (0.72±0.04). Surface roughness values were higher for microhybrid (1.01±0.27) compared with nanofilled (0.68 ±0.09) and nanohybrid (0.48±0.15) composites when the specimens were not subjects to acid challenge. In the presence of hydrochloric acid, microhybrid (1.26±0.28) and nanofilled (1.18±0,30) composites presents higher surface roughness values compared with nanohybrid (0.77±0.15). The hydrochloric acid affected the surface roughness of composite resin subjected to brushing.

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Ritto, Fernanda P., Eduardo Moreira da Silva, Hélio Rodrigues Sampaio-Filho, Raimundo A. Lacerda, Márcio AP Borges, and Fernando L. Bastian. "Physical–mechanical evaluation of a microhybrid and a nanofilled composite light activated by quartz-halogen tungsten and light-emitting diode." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 7 (August 21, 2018): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318793720.

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The aim of this study was to characterize organic and disperse phase of a microhybrid (Mh – Filtek Z250) and a nanofilled (Nf – Filtek Z350) dental composite and analyze the influence of two LCUs (QHT-quartz-halogen tungsten and LED – light-emitting diode) on its physical–mechanical properties (degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, Vickers hardness and diametral tensile strength). Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The disperse phase content was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the organic fractions were qualitatively analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Physical–mechanical properties were analyzed varying dental composite and LCU: Mh-QHT, Nf-QHT, Mh-LED and Nf-LED. The degree of conversion was evaluated using Raman spectrophotometry and polymerization shrinkage was measured by water picnometry. Mechanical behavior was analyzed by Vickers microhardness and diametral tensile testing. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed similar microstructure of the materials mainly composed with different-sized particles dispersed within methacrylate matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis shows 80.13% of inorganic fraction for microhybrid composite and 75.29% for nanofilled. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed similar organic structure for composites and did not show the presence of the monomer TEGDMA. Different light sources did not influence the tested properties, but considering different composites, nanofilled showed the highest degree of conversion (Gr 2:77%, Gr 4: 79.4%). The study shows that when the optimum radiant exposure (24 J/cm2) was used for polymerization of composites, regardless of the polymerization source, the properties of these resin materials showed satisfactory and similar results in relation to the conversion of polymers, polymerization shrinkage and mechanical behavior.

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Tsujimoto, A., WW Barkmeier, T. Takamizawa, MA Latta, and M. Miyazaki. "Influence of Thermal Stress on Simulated Localized and Generalized Wear of Nanofilled Resin Composites." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-206-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: This study investigated the influence of thermal stress on the simulated localized and generalized wear of nanofilled resin composites. Methods: Six nanofilled resin composites were evaluated and then subjected to a wear challenge of 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) wear simulation device after 24 hours of water storage (24-hour group) and 24 hours of water storage and 10,000 thermal cycles (TC group). Simulated localized wear was generated using a stainless-steel ball bearing, and simulated generalized wear was generated using a flat-ended stainless-steel cylinder. Wear testing was accomplished in a water slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Simulated localized and generalized wear was determined using a noncontact profilometer (Proscan 2100) in conjunction with Proscan and AnSur 3D software. Results: Wear was significantly different (p<0.05) among the resin composites for both simulated localized and generalized wear of either the 24-hour group or the TC group. The simulated localized wear of the TC group was significantly greater than that of the 24-hour group; however, the simulated generalized wear of most of the resin composites of the TC group was not significantly different from that of the 24-hour group. Conclusion: The simulated localized and generalized wear of nanofilled resin composites is material dependent. The simulated localized wear of nanofilled resin composites appears to be influenced by thermal stress, whereas this effect is not as apparent in simulated generalized wear testing.

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Roselino, Lourenço de Moraes Rego, Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti, Carla Cecilia Alandia-Román, and Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza. "Effect of Brushing Time and Dentifrice Abrasiveness on Color Change and Surface Roughness of Resin Composites." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 5 (October 2015): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300399.

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Abstract: Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical brushing time of dentifrices with different abrasiveness on ∆E and ∆Ra of nanofilled (Z350, 3M ESPE) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) resin composites. Sixteen specimens (12 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were fabricated using a white Teflon matrix of each resin composite and a ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), used as control. After initial color readouts on white backgrounds (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807, Byk Gardner), with D65 standard illuminant, and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosalab) with cut-off=0.8 mm and speed=0.25 mm/s, specimens were assigned (n=8) according to the abrasiveness of the dentifrices: RDA* 68 (Colgate) and RDA* 180 (Colgate Total Plus Whitening). Specimens were submitted to mechanical brushing (58,400 cycles) and after every 14,600 cycles (1 year of brushing by a healthy individual), new color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Color stability was calculated by CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05), and demonstrated that the dentifrice abrasiveness (p=0.02) and brushing time (p<0.0001) affected the ∆E of nanofilled resin composite. There was no difference on surface roughness of materials (p=0.6752) or brushing time (p=0.7997). In conclusion, the longer the brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness, the greater the color change of the nanofilled resin composite. The surface roughness was not influenced by dentifrice abrasiveness.

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Rodrigues Junior, Sinval Adalberto, Cesar Henrique Zanchi, Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho, and Flávio Fernando Demarco. "Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of different types of resin-based composites." Brazilian Oral Research 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242007000100003.

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The aim of the study was to test whether the filler composition of resin composites influences their flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were obtained through a three-point bending test. Twelve bar shaped specimens of 5 commercially available composites - Supreme (3M/ESPE), a universal nanofilled composite; Esthet-X (Dentsply), Z-250 (3M/ESPE), Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer), universal hybrid composites; and Helio Fill (Vigodent), a microfine composite - were confectioned according to the ISO 4049/2000 specifications. The test was performed after a 7-days storage time using a universal test machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The filler weight content was determined by the ashing technique. The data obtained on the mechanical properties were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the filler content and the mechanical properties. A weak but significant correlation between the mechanical properties evaluated and the filler weight content was observed (p < 0.000). The microfine composite presented the lowest filler weight and the lowest mechanical properties. Statistically different flexural strength and modulus of elasticity results were observed among the universal hybrid composites. The nanofilled composite presented intermediary results. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the filler content significantly interfered in the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the composites tested.

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Pereira, CA, E. Eskelson, V. Cavalli, PCS Liporoni, AOC Jorge, and MA do Rego. "Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Adhesion on Composite Resin Surfaces After Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques." Operative Dentistry 36, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-285-l.

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SUMMARY This study evaluated Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on the surface of three composite resins (nanofilled, Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; nanohybrid, Vit-1-escence, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA; and microhybrid, Esthet X, Dentsply, Milford, DE, USA) following different finishing and polishing techniques. Sixty standardized samples (6 × 3 mm) of each composite were produced and randomly divided into three finishing and polishing treatments (n=20): 1) control group: composite resin surface in contact with Mylar matrix strips with no finishing or polishing performed, 2) Sof-Lex aluminum oxide disc technique (3M ESPE, and 3) carbide bur finishing and Astrobrush polishing technique (Ultradent). Half the samples of each group were incubated in human saliva for 1 hour, and all the samples were subjected to S mutans (ATCC 35688) biofilm development. The mean log of CFU/mL present in the S mutans biofilm was calculated, and data were statistically analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p<0.05). Human saliva incubation promoted a significant increase of bacterial adherence on all three of the composites' surfaces, regardless of the polishing treatment performed (p<0.05). Of the three, the nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350) had the lowest bacterial adherence with each of the finishing and polishing techniques despite the presence or absence of human saliva (p<0.05). Mylar matrix strips (control group) promoted the lowest bacterial adhesion on the surface of the microhybrid and nanofilled composites in the absence of human saliva.

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Moraes, R. R., L. S. Gonçalves, A. C. Lancellotti, S. Consani, L. Correr-Sobrinho, and M. A. Sinhoreti. "Nanohybrid Resin Composites: Nanofiller Loaded Materials or Traditional Microhybrid Resins?" Operative Dentistry 34, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/08-043-l.

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Scribante, Andrea, Marco Bollardi, Marco Chiesa, Claudio Poggio, and Marco Colombo. "Flexural Properties and Elastic Modulus of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials: Evaluation after Exposure to Acidic Drink." BioMed Research International 2019 (February 4, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5109481.

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Background. Acidic beverages, such as soft drinks, can produce erosion of resin composites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate mechanical properties of different esthetic restorative materials after exposure to acidic drink. Methods. Nine different composites were tested: nanofilled (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3M ESPE), microfilled hybrid (G-ænial, GC Corporation), nanohybrid Ormocer (Admira Fusion, Voco), microfilled (Gradia Direct, GC Corporation), microfilled hybrid (Essentia, GC Corporation), nanoceramic (Ceram.X Universal, Dentsply De Trey), supranano spherical hybrid (Estelite Asteria, Tokuyama Dental Corporation), flowable microfilled hybrid (Gradia Direct Flo, GC Corporation), and bulk fill flowable (SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply De Trey). Thirty specimens of each esthetic restorative material were divided into 3 subgroups (n=10): specimens of subgroup 1 were used as control, specimens of subgroup 2 were immersed in 50 ml of Coca Cola for 1 week, and specimens of subgroup 3 were immersed in 50 ml of Coca Cola for 1 month. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured for each material with an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results. After distilled water immersion, nanofilled composite showed the highest value of both flexural strength and elastic modulus, but its flexural values decreased after acidic drink immersion. No significant differences were reported between distilled water and acidic drink immersion for all other materials tested both for flexural and for elastic modulus values. Conclusions. Even if nanofilled composite showed highest results, acidic drink immersion significantly reduced flexural values.

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Jung, M., K. Sehr, and J. Klimek. "Surface Texture of Four Nanofilled and One Hybrid Composite After Finishing." Operative Dentistry 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/06-9.

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Clinical Relevance Compared to a hybrid composite, with one exception, nanocomposites were significantly smoother after finishing with rigid rotary instruments and after using Sof-Lex discs. Using a 30 μm diamond caused detrimental surface alteration on nanofiller and hybrid composites.

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Carvalho, Luana Dutra de, Renata Gondo Machado, Guilherme Carpena Lopes, and Mauro Caldeira de Andrada. "Nanofilled Composite Restorations with Different Adhesives Strategies: Clinical Cases." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/969627.

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The esthetic procedures with composites are widely applied, both to posterior and anterior teeth to restore caries cavities, to replace failed restorations, or to make cosmetic procedures. The materials selected to each case may make the difference in the clinical result. This paper presents two clinical cases made with a nanofilled composite resin system used in different bond strategies. In the first, a wide posterior class I restoration, the self-etching strategy was used. The second, an esthetic anterior restoration, was made using the prior etching with phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic adhesive.

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Hirata, K., J. Yamagawa, F. Qian, and S. R. Armstrong. "Simulated clinical polishability of nanofilled resin-based composites." Dental Materials 26 (January 2010): e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.070.

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Joniot, S., J. P. Salomon, J. Dejou, and G. Grégoire. "Use of Two Surface Analyzers to Evaluate the Surface Roughness of Four Esthetic Restorative Materials After Polishing." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/04-166.

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Clinical Relevance All esthetic restorative materials do not have the same polishing characteristics. Nanofilled composites and fluid materials containing microfiller give the best surface states. Results with posterior composites and compomers are less effective.

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Arroyo, Jesse, and Cecily Ryan. "Incorporation of Carbon Nanofillers Tunes Mechanical and Electrical Percolation in PHBV:PLA Blends." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121371.

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Biobased fillers, such as bio-derived cellulose, lignin byproducts, and biochar, can be used to modify the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polymer composites. Biochar (BioC), in particular, is of interest for enhancing thermal and electrical conductivities in composites, and can potentially serve as a bio-derived graphitic carbon alternative for certain composite applications. In this work, we investigate a blended biopolymer system: poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and addition of carbon black (CB), a commonly used functional filler as a comparison for Kraft lignin-derived BioC. We present calculations and experimental results for phase-separation and nanofiller phase affinity in this system, indicating that the CB localizes in the PHBV phase of the immiscible PHBV:PLA blends. The addition of BioC led to a deleterious reaction with the biopolymers, as indicated by blend morphology, differential scanning calorimetry showing significant melting peak reduction for the PLA phase, and a reduction in melt viscosity. For the CB nanofilled composites, electrical conductivity and dynamic mechanical analysis supported the ability to use phase separation in these blends to tune the percolation of mechanical and electrical properties, with a minimum percolation threshold found for the 80:20 blends of 1.6 wt.% CB. At 2% BioC (approximately the percolation threshold for CB), the 80:20 BioC nanocomposites had a resistance of 3.43 × 10 8 Ω as compared to 2.99 × 10 8 Ω for the CB, indicating that BioC could potentially perform comparably to CB as a conductive nanofiller if the processing challenges can be overcome for higher BioC loadings.

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Demirci, M., S. Tuncer, HS Sancakli, N. Tekçe, and C. Baydemir. "Five-year Clinical Evaluation of a Nanofilled and a Nanohybrid Composite in Class IV Cavities." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-358-c.

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SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nanofilled and a nanohybrid composite, in combination with manufacturer-recommended etch-and-rinse adhesives, in class IV cavities. Thirty-four patients aged 14-46 years (mean age, 27.1 years) comprised the study group. Twenty-six patients received two class IV restorations and eight patients received four class IV restorations. For each patient, half the number of restorations were performed using a nanohybrid composite (Ceram X duo) and the remaining half used a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme XT), with two- (XP Bond) and three-step (Scotchbond Multipurpose) etch-and-rinse adhesives, respectively. Two experienced examiners evaluated the restorations for retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomic form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture to compare the baseline (after placement) and annual recalls over 5 years. The cumulative success rates for the Filtek Supreme XT and Ceram X duo restorations after five years were 86.2% and 89.7%, respectively. Four Filtek Supreme XT and three Ceram X duo restorations failed. There was no statistically significant difference between the nanofilled and nanohybrid composites at any of the evaluation periods for any of the parameters evaluated. Despite the limited number of restorations, all restorations were clinically acceptable regarding retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomic form, the formation of caries, marginal adaptation, and surface texture, except the failed restorations. Fracture was the main cause of restoration failure.

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Gonçalves, Luana, Cristiane Mariote Amaral, Laiza Tatiana Poskus, José Guilherme Antunes Guimarães, and Eduardo Moreira da Silva. "Degradation of Resin Composites in a Simulated Deep Cavity." Brazilian Dental Journal 25, no. 6 (December 2014): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300089.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the sorption and solubility of a nanofilled (Filtek Z350) and a midifilled (Filtek P60) resin composite in oral environment-like substances, in a simulated deep cavity. A cylindrical cavity prepared in a bovine incisor root was incrementally filled with resin composites. The obtained resin composite cylinders were cut perpendicularly to the axis to obtain 1-mm-thick discs that were divided into fifteen groups (n=5) according to depth (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm) and immersion media (distilled water - DW, artificial saliva - AS and lactic acid - LA). The sorption and solubility were calculated based on ISO 4049:2000. Additionally, the degree of conversion (DC%) was calculated by FT-IR spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc test and linear regression analysis (a=0.05). The DC% was higher for the midifilled resin composite and was negatively influenced by cavity depth (p<0.05). The nanofilled resin composite presented higher sorption and solubility than did the midifilled (p<0.05). The immersion media influenced the sorption and the solubility as follows: LA>AS>DW, (p<0.05). Both phenomena were influenced by cavity depth, with the sorption and solubility increasing from 1 to 5 mm (p<0.05). The degradation of resin composite restorations may be greater in the deepest regions of class II restorations when the composite is exposed to organic acids present in the oral biofilm (lactic acid).

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Park, Jeong-won. "Comparison of the residual stress of the nanofilled composites." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 33, no. 5 (2008): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2008.33.5.457.

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Dokshukina, M. A., B. I. Kunizhev, and Z. Kh Gaitukieva. "Electrophysical Parameters of Nanofilled Polymer Composites Based on Polyethylene." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.463.

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The features of the dependence of the dielectric constant and the specific volume resistance of the composite "80 wt. % SKI-3 + 20 % wt. % LDPE" from the content of nanosized filler particles - aluminum and black carbon. The use of modern methods for studying macroscopic properties and electron microscopy made it possible to study the structure and morphology of the supramolecular formations of the composite. Models and possible physical mechanisms leading to extreme changes in εʹ and ρV at low concentrations of nanoparticles are presented.

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Beun, Sébastien, Thérèse Glorieux, Jacques Devaux, José Vreven, and Gaëtane Leloup. "Characterization of nanofilled compared to universal and microfilled composites." Dental Materials 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.12.003.

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Lawson, Nathaniel C., and John O. Burgess. "Wear of nanofilled dental composites at varying filler concentrations." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 103, no. 2 (June 7, 2014): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33212.

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Manzoor, Sadia, Zartashia Arooj, Mohammad Abi Waqas, Nadia Irshad, Asfia Saeed, Aeeza Malik, Zenab Sarfaraz, and Malik Saleem Shaukat. "SURFACE MICROHARDNESS OF MICROHYBRID AND NANOCOMPOSITE AFTER STORAGE IN MOUTH WASHES." Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 34, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55519/jamc-03-10181.

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Background: Dental composites are aesthetic direct restorative material. However, the effect of mouthwashes on the durability of the material is controversial. This study evaluated and compared the influence of mouthwash composition on the surface hardness of nanofilled (Z350XT) and microhybrid (P60) resin composites. Methods: Comparative in-vitro study was conducted over 6 months at Multan Medical & Dental College. Sixty-four disc-shape specimens of each {nanofilled (Z350XT) and microhybrid (P60)} resin composite were prepared and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The baseline microhardness reading (To) was recorded by Vickers micro-hardness tester. Samples were then randomly divided into four groups (n=16) and stored in Listerine Cool Mint, Colgate Plax, Clinica and distilled water (control). The hardness test was repeated after 12 hours and 24 hours of storage. Results: Nanocomposite (Z350XT) had statistically (p<0.01) higher surface hardness. A significant reduction (p≤0.05) in microhardness was observed after immersion of samples in mouthwashes. The reduction in surface hardness was dependent on the immersion time and composition of mouthwashes. Listerine Cool Mint (alcohol-based mouthwash) had greatest degradation effect. Conclusion: Mouth rinses negatively impacted the surface microhardness of the tested resin-based materials. Alcohol-based mouthwashes had greater potential for reducing microhardness. Microhybrid composite appears to be a more suitable material for restoring teeth in patients accustomed to using regular mouthwashes.

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Volponi, R., P. Spena, F. De Nicola, and L. Guadagno. "Multiscale Composites: Assessment of a Feasible Manufacturing Process." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (May 13, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6845310.

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A very interesting field of research on advanced composite materials is the possibility to integrate new functionalities and specific improvements acting on the matrix of the composite by means of a nanocharged resin. In this way, the composite becomes a so-called “multiscale composite” in which the different phases change from nano to macro scale. For example, the incorporation of nanoscale conductive fillers with intrinsically high electrical conductivity could allow a tailoring of this property for the final material. The properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) make them an effective candidate as fillers in polymer composite systems to obtain ultralight structural materials with advanced electrical and thermal characteristics. Nevertheless, several problems are related to the distribution in the matrix and to the processability of the systems filled with CNT. Existing liquid molding processes such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) can be adapted to produce carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) impregnated with CNT nanofilled resins. Unfortunately, the loading of more than 0.3-0.5% of CNT can lead to high resin viscosities that are unacceptable for such kind of processes. In addition to the viscosity issues that are related to the high CNT content, a filtration effect of the nanofillers caused by the fibrous medium may also lead to inadequate final component quality. This work describes the development of an effective manufacturing process of a fiber-reinforced multiscale composite panel, with a tetra-functional epoxy matrix loaded with carbon nanotubes to increase its electrical properties and with GPOSS to increase its resistance to fire. A first approach has been attempted with a traditional liquid infusion process. As already anticipated, this technique has shown considerable difficulties related both to the low level of impregnation achieved, due to the high viscosity of the resin, and to the filtration effects of the dispersed nanocharges. To overcome these problems, an opportunely modified process based on a sort of film infusion has been proposed. This modification has given an acceptable result in terms of impregnation and morphological arrangement of CNTs in nanofilled CFRP. Finally, the developed infiltration technique has been tested for the manufacture of a carbon fiber-reinforced panel with a more complex shape.

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Wang, Linda, Luciana Fávaro Francisconi, Maria Teresa Atta, Jean Rodrigo dos Santos, Natália Coelho Del Padre, Alcides Gonini-Júnior, and Karen Barros Parron Fernandes. "Effect of Bleaching Gels on Surface Roughness of Nanofilled Composite Resins." European Journal of Dentistry 05, no. 02 (April 2011): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698876.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the superficial texture of composite restorations after different bleaching protocols. Methods: Filtek Supreme (S), Filtek Z350 (F), and Grandio (G) were compared to Opallis (O) and Filtek Z250 (Z) (control microhybrid composites) and to bovine enamel using three different bleaching agents: 35% hydrogen peroxide Whiteness HP (WHP), 35% Whiteness HP MAXX (WMAXX) and 16% carbamide peroxide Whiteness Standard (WS). Six specimens from each composite were treated using each bleaching agent, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Three random sites were measured for superficial roughness (Hommel Tester T 1000) weekly for each sample. Data were analyzed for each bleaching system using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests at 5% significance level. Results: WHP treatment significantly altered the Filtek Supreme composite over time. When WMAXX was used, Grandio displayed the most significant alterations in surface roughness throughout the evaluation period, which was not observed for the other nanocomposites. Using WS, Filtek Z250 presented significant surface alterations over time, which was not seen in the nanofilled materials. Conclusions: Surface roughness alteration was material and time-dependent. The bleaching gels affected nanofilled and microhybrid composite resins. Enamel was the surface less affected by bleaching. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:173-179)

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Pelin, G., C. E. Pelin, A. Ştefan, I. Dincă, E. Andronescu, A. Ficai, and R. Truşcă. "Mechanical and tribological properties of nanofilled phenolic-matrix laminated composites." Materiali in tehnologije 51, no. 4 (July 27, 2017): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2016.013.

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Siengchin, S. "Processing, structure, and mechanical properties of alumina-nanofilled polystyrene composites." Mechanics of Composite Materials 46, no. 4 (October 8, 2010): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11029-010-9161-y.

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Angerame, D., M. De Biasi, and A. Franzò. "Roughness of packable and flowable nanofilled composites polished with pastes." Dental Materials 30 (2014): e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.155.

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Guadagno, L., M. Raimondo, U. Vietri, L. Vertuccio, G. Barra, B. De Vivo, P. Lamberti, et al. "Effective formulation and processing of nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced composites." RSC Advances 5, no. 8 (2015): 6033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12156b.

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A very simple process to manufacture CFRCs was used. DC conductivity values (20 kS m⁻¹ for the in plane value and 3.9 S m⁻¹ for the out of plane at T = 30 °C) are among the highest values found for CFRCs impregnated with MWCNTs based epoxy-resin.

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Pérez, María M., Razvan Ghinea, Laura I. Ugarte-Alván, Rosa Pulgar, and Rade D. Paravina. "Color and translucency in silorane-based resin composite compared to universal and nanofilled composites." Journal of Dentistry 38 (January 2010): e110-e116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.06.003.

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Malavasi, Caroline Veiga, Elisa Maria Macedo, Karoline da Costa Souza, Guilherme Ferreira Rego, Luis Felipe Jochims Schneider, and Larissa Maria Cavalcante. "Surface Texture and Optical Properties of Self-Adhering Composite Materials after Toothbrush Abrasion." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 10 (2015): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1756.

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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the surface texture and optical properties of two self-adhering composites and a nanofilled composite before and after toothbrush abrasion. Vertise Flow (Kerr), Fusio Liquid (Pentron Clinical) and Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE) composites were divided into 3 groups (n = 6). Disks of 12 mm diameter and 2 mm thick were made. All materials were light-cured with a LED light source for 40 seconds. Analyses of surface roughness, gloss retention and color stability were performed 24 hours after light curing and after 20,000 brushing cycles. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 5%). Results Tukey's test ascertained that toothbrush abrasion resulted in rougher and matte surfaces for all composites tested. Filtek Z350 presented better gloss retention after abrasion. On surface roughness evaluation, there was no statistical difference between Fusio Liquid Dentin and Filtek Z350 resins (p > 0.05). Vertise Flow resin showed better color stability (ΔE), than the other two materials. Conclusion Nanofilled material presented better gloss retention but it did not produce the best results in aspects related to surface roughness and color stability compared to self-adhering composites. Clinical significance A simulation of degradation process by using toothbrush abrasion produced a rougher and matte surface in all composites tested. The surface texture was not only related to filler's amount present in materials, but also with the organic matrix composition of them. The results suggested that the constant development of new materials, seeking for a technical simplification, seems an innovative attraction for dentist's clinical routine, even though larger studies are necessary to promote to everyone a better understanding and improvement of action and effectiveness of this new class of materials. How to cite this article Malavasi CV, Macedo EM, da Costa Souza K, Rego GF, Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LM. Surface Texture and Optical Properties of Self-Adhering Composite Materials after Toothbrush Abrasion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):775-782.

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de Andrade, Isabel Cristina G. Bandeira, Roberta Tarkany Basting, José Augusto Rodrigues, Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, and Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França. "Microhardness and color monitoring of nanofilled resin composite after bleaching and staining." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 02 (April 2014): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.130586.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of staining solutions on microhardness and shade changes of a nanofilled resin composite, which had been previously in contact with bleaching agents. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 disk-shaped specimens (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated with a nanofilled resin (Filtek Supreme) and photocured with a Light Emission Diode (LED) unit and then allocated into three groups to be bleached with 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents or a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) product. Following bleaching, specimens within each group were subdivided into three groups to be immersed in coffee, red wine or distilled water. Microhardness and color were monitored at baseline, after bleaching and after staining. Results: Analysis of variance for split-plot design showed lower microhardness values when the composite had been in contact with HP (P < 0.0001). The specimens immersed in red wine and coffee provided lower microhardness values than those immersed in distilled water, regardless of the bleaching agent to which the composites were previously exposed. Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests demonstrated that the composite was lighter after bleaching with a 35% HP agent (P < 0.0500). Conclusion: The composite was darker as a result of being immersed either in red wine or coffee, regardless of the bleaching agent.

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Ahmad, Hafiz Shehbaz, Tanveer Hussain, Yasir Nawab, and Shuaib Salamat. "Effect of Different Dielectric and Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (May 23, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5952450.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced particulate composites are immensely used in commercial and military applications due to their excellent functional and mechanical performance. Several studies have been reported to use nanofiller in carbon fiber-reinforced composites to improve their functional and mechanical performance. However, a comparative study was required to depict the best dielectric and magnetic nanofillers with excellent functional and mechanical performance. The current research was performed to compare the effect of different dielectric and magnetic nanoparticles on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. The objective was to identify a nanofiller with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties with the same weight ratio and a potential candidate for EMI shielding application. Unidirectional composite prepregs containing 2% (by weight) of each magnetic and dielectric nanofillers were fabricated on an in-house developed lab-scale UD prepreg manufacturing setup. Among the dielectric nanofillers, the composite samples containing MWCNT nanofiller showed the highest electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The composite samples containing titanium oxide nanofillers showed better flexural, electrical, and thermal properties among magnetic nanofillers.

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Nogueira, Ruchele Dias, Rosa Maria Pereira Moisés Barbosa Andrade, Ailla Carla Rocha Acosta Lancellotti, Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb, and Vinícius Rangel Geraldo-Martins. "Effect of Chemical Degradation on Surface Roughness and on Color Stability of Micro hybrid and Nanofilled Composites." Journal of Health Sciences 20, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2018v20n3p167-172.

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ResumoA resina composta é o material restaurador mais utilizado atualmente. Apesar de seu sucesso clínico, o material está sujeito a alterações em suas propriedades físicas, quando exposto ao meio bucal. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da degradação química na estabilidade de cor e na rugosidade superficial de resinas micro-híbrida e nanoparticulada. Foram confeccionados 40 discos (6,0mm x 2,0mm) da resina composta micro-híbrida (Z250XT) e 40 da resina nanoparticulada (Z350XT). Após a análise da cor inicial e da rugosidade inicial, 10 discos de cada resina foram imersos em saliva artificial (Controle, pH=6,4), suco de laranja (pH= 3,4), refrigerante de limão (pH=2,9) e vinho tinto (pH=3,1), por 4 horas por dia (37ºC) durante 30 dias. Após, foram realizadas as leituras finais de cor e rugosidade. Os dados obtidos para a estabilidade de cor foram analisados pelo Teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido pelo Teste de Dunn (α=5%). Para a análise da rugosidade foi utilizado o Teste t para amostras pareadas (α=5%). O manchamento provocado pela saliva artificial, suco de laranja e refrigerante foi similar, mas foi estatisticamente diferente do manchamento produzido pelo vinho, em ambas as resinas testadas. O vinho produziu o mesmo grau de manchamento nas resinas micro-híbrida e nanoparticulada. Foi observado que o suco de laranja, o refrigerante e o vinho promoveram aumento da rugosidade superficial dos discos de resina. Diante disso, concluiu-se que o vinho alterou a cor de resinas compostas micro-híbrida e nanoparticulada, e que a rugosidade superficial dos discos de resina foi alterada por todas as bebidas utilizadas.Palavras chave: Resinas Compostas. Corantes. Cor.Abstract Composite resin is the most used restorative material. Despite its clinical success, it is susceptible to changes in its physical properties when exposed to the oral environment. The aim was to evaluate the influence of acidic beverages on the color stability and on the surface roughness of the nanofilled and micro hybrid composite. Forty discs (6.0mm x 2.0mm) of the micro hybrid composite (Z250XT) and 40 of the nanofilled composite (Z350XT) were manufactured. After the measurement of the initial color and the initial roughness, 10 discs of each composite were individually immersed in artificial saliva (control, pH = 6.4), orange juice (pH=3.4), lime soda (pH = 2.9) and red wine (pH = 3.1) during 4 hours per day at 37°C for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the final analysis of color and surface roughness were performed. The data obtained for the color stability were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test (α= 5%). For the analysis of the surface roughness, the t test for related samples was used (α= 5%). The color changes promoted by artificial saliva, orange juice and soda were similar, but they were statistically different from staining produced by wine, in both tested composites. Wine produced the same degree of staining in both composites. Orange juice, soda and red wine increased the surface roughness of the composite discs. It was concluded that red wine significantly changes the color of micro hybrid and nanofilled composites. Furthermore, all beverages increased the surface roughness of the composites tested in the study herein.Keywords: Composite Resins. Coloring Agents. Color.

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Finger, Werner J., Masafumi Kanehira, Yasuyuki Araki, Takehiko Wada, Andreas Utterodt, and Masashi Komatsu. "Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2012): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1141.

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ABSTRACT Objective To compare the depth of cure of nanofiller containing with conventional resin composites. Materials and methods Five nanofilled and nanohybrid composites were investigated and compared with a microfilled and a microhybrid reference, using the ISO 4049 scraping test, Knoop hardness (KHN) and DC profiling. Specimens from all materials (shade A3) were activated with the same LED light source for 20s. KHN (0.25N/15s) of three specimens each, produced in split molds was measured after 24 hours dark storage on sections perpendicular to the irradiated surface at 250 µm distance along the center line and two parallel lines, 0.5 mm apart, to a depth of 3 mm. Mean KHNs of the three neighboring indentations at each level were calculated. Degree of conversion (DC) was determined on specimens as mentioned above using micro-Raman spectroscopy at 125 µm distance with three measurements at each depth level. Results The depth of cure of all materials was >2 mm when determined according to the ISO test. KHN and DC data followed second order polynomial regression lines (r2 > 0.70; p < 0.001). At 2 mm depth, the KHN of six resin composites was ≤80% of the top KHN whereas the DC of all materials was ≥86% of the maximum DC at the irradiated surface. Conclusion The ISO scraping test overemphasizes the attainable depth of cure, when compared with 80% of top KHN as arbitrarily defined curing depth. KHNs reflect the crosslink density of the polymer, whereas DC additionally includes double bond conversions not contributing to enhancement of mechanical characteristics. How to cite this article Kanehira M, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Wada T, Utterodt A, Komatsu M. Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites. World J Dent 2012;3(2): 119-125.

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Cruz, Guilherme Ortiz Pinto, Larissa Martins Costa, Cesar Penazzo Lepri, Ruchele Dias Nogueira, Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb, and Vinícius Rangel Geraldo-Martins. "Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Hybrid and Nanofilled Composites Brushed with Abrasive Dentifrices." Journal of Health Sciences 23, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2021v23n2p85-91.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability and the surface roughness of different composites brushed with toothpastes presenting different levels of abrasivity. Thirty discs of each material were obtained using michohybrid composites (Brilliant NG and Charisma Diamond) and a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT). The initial color (CIELab) and surface roughness (confocal laser scanning microscopy) of resin discs were evaluated. Afterwards, 10 specimens per group were brushed with the following dentifrices: Maximum Cavity Protection, Sensodyne Repair & Protect and Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief. Brushing was performed with an electric toothbrush equipped with soft bristle head, with standard power and weight, for 30 minutes. Every 30 seconds, 1.0 ml of the slurry was injected between the bristles of the brush and the specimen. After abrasive challenge, the samples had their color and roughness reevaluated. Data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (color change) or the t-test (surface roughness). The level of significance was 5%. Results: Brushing did not significantly change the color of the composites tested in the study herein . On the other hand, the surface roughness of the composites was significantly affected by the abrasive challenge, regardless of the toothpaste used. The surface roughness change was similar for all the composites. The abrasive challenge with the toothpastes Maximum Cavity protection, Sensodyne Repair & Protect and Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief was not able to significantly change the color of the composite resins. Nevertheless, the abrasive challenges significantly altered the surface roughness of all the evaluated composites. However, the changes in surface roughness were statistically similar in the microhybrid and nanofilled composites. Keywords: Composites Resins. Dentifrices. Color. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade de cor e a rugosidade superficial de diferentes resinas compostas escovadas com dentifrícios de diferentes níveis de abrasividade. Trinta discos de cada material foram obtidos utilizando compósitos micro-híbridos (Brilliant NG e Charisma Diamond) e um nanocompósito (Filtek Z350XT). A cor inicial (CIELab) e a rugosidade superficial (microscopia confocal de varredura a laser) dos discos de resina foram avaliadas. Em seguida, 10 amostras por grupo foram escovadas com os dentifrícios Máxima Proteção Anticáries, Sensodyne Repair & Protect e Colgate Sensitive Pro-Alívio. A escovação foi realizada com uma escova elétrica com cabeça de cerdas macias, com potência e peso padronizados, durante 30 minutos. A cada 30 segundos, 1,0 ml da pasta era injetada entre as cerdas da escova e a amostra. Após o desafio abrasivo, as amostras tiveram sua cor e rugosidade reavaliadas. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis (alteração de cor) ou ao teste t (rugosidade da superfície) (α=5%). A escovação não alterou significativamente a cor dos compósitos. Por outro lado, a rugosidade superficial dos compósitos foi significativamente afetada pelo desafio abrasivo, independentemente do dentifrício utilizado. A alteração da rugosidade superficial foi semelhante para todos os compósitos. O desafio abrasivo com a Máxima Proteção Anticáries, o Sensodyne Repair & Protect e o Colgate Sensitive Pro-Alívio não foi capaz de alterar significativamente a cor das resinas. Diferentemente, os desafios abrasivos alteraram significativamente a rugosidade superficial de todos os compósitos avaliados. No entanto, as mudanças na rugosidade foram estatisticamente semelhantes nos compósitos micro-híbridos e nanoparticulado. Palavras-chave: Resinas Compostas. Dentifrícios. Cor.

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Tonetto, Mateus Rodrigues, Matheus Coelho Bandéca, José Roberto Cury Saad, Edson Alves de Campos, Fernanda Ferreira Jassé, Carlos Henrique Braga Borges, Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, and Reidson Stanley Soares dos Santos. "Long-Term Surface Hardness and Monomer Conversion of a Nanofilled and a Microhybrid Composite Resin." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 5 (2013): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1419.

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ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and hydrolytic degradation through the Vickers hardness test (HV) of a nanofilled (FiltekTM Z-250, 3M) and a microhybrid (FiltekTMSupreme-XT, 3M) composite resin. Materials and methods Eight disk-shaped specimens (4 mm diameter × 2 mm thick, ISO 4049) of each material were prepared for each test. Composites were inserted into single increment in a metallic matrix and light-cured for 40 seconds. VH readings were performed for each specimen at predetermined intervals: immediately after polymerization (control), 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 180 days. After curing, initial hardness measurements were performed and the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. For DC (%), specimens were ground, pressed with KBr and analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometer. Results Student t-test showed that there was no difference between the resins for DC (p = 0.252). ANOVA analysis revealed that Z-250 VH means were all greater than S-XT, for both top and bottom surfaces, whatever the storage-period in artificial saliva (p < 0.001). After 180 days of storage, the hardness obtained for S-XT was similar with that at the baseline, for both top and bottom surfaces. While for Z-250 hardness was not significantly different from baseline only for top surface, but there was a significant decrease observed in hardness for bottom surface. Conclusion The materials tested showed no evidence of hydrolytic degradation in a significant way, in a 6-month storagetime in artificial saliva. Nanofilled resin presents a monomer conversion comparable to the conventional microhybrid. How to cite this article Jassé FF, Borges CHB, Tonetto MR, de Souza Rastelli AN, Bagnato VS, de Campos EA, Bandeca MC, Saad JRC. Long-Term Surface Hardness and Monomer Conversion of a Nanofilled and a Microhybrid Composite Resin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):876-882.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanofilled composites'

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