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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanodiamonds – Synthesis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Tian, Fei, Hong Yang, Yong Guang Zhao, and Hong Mei Cao. "Size Effect on the Transformation from Graphite to Nanodiamonds." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.412.

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The synthesis of nanodiamonds by pulsed-laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is an attractive research field in developing well-dispersed fluorescent nanodiamonds for bioimaging and life science. However, nanodiamonds are quite different from their widely pursued carbon allotropes both in synthesis conditions and physical properties. It is a great challenge to synthesize metastable phase nanodiamonds that prefer high temperature and high pressure. Despite the progress in the synthesis of nanodiamond by pulsed-laser ablation of graphite target using different laser power densities under room conditions, the transformation from graphite to nanodiamonds are not yet well explained. In order to have a better understanding to the formation of metastable nanodiamonds upon PLAL, the formation of nanodiamond has been elucidated from both the aspects of thermodynamics and kinetics. Due to low laser intensity and long wavelength, synthesis of nanodiamonds is the result of high cooling velocity of high-pressure and high-temperature carbon vapor condensation formed under laser vaporization of graphite particles. When diamond nuclei grow into the right size, they cannot increase and the graphite nucleation begins to form and grow on the diamond at given conditions due to long pulse width for ms-pulsed laser. In fact, the diamond particles enwrapped several layers of graphite have obtained. Moreover, the reasons related 3~6nm diamonds prepared by this new process and having narrow size distribution are also discussed.

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2

Gonçalves, Juliana P. L., Afnan Q. Shaikh, Manuela Reitzig, Daria A. Kovalenko, Jan Michael, René Beutner, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Dieter Scharnweber, and Jörg Opitz. "Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (November 26, 2014): 2765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.293.

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Due to their outstanding properties nanodiamonds are a promising nanoscale material in various applications such as microelectronics, polishing, optical monitoring, medicine and biotechnology. Beyond the typical diamond characteristics like extreme hardness or high thermal conductivity, they have additional benefits as intrinsic fluorescence due to lattice defects without photobleaching, obtained during the high pressure high temperature process. Further the carbon surface and its various functional groups in consequence of the synthesis, facilitate additional chemical and biological modification. In this work we present our recent results on chemical modification of the nanodiamond surface with phosphate groups and their electrochemically assisted immobilization on titanium-based materials to increase adhesion at biomaterial surfaces. The starting material is detonation nanodiamond, which exhibits a heterogeneous surface due to the functional groups resulting from the nitrogen-rich explosives and the subsequent purification steps after detonation synthesis. Nanodiamond surfaces are chemically homogenized before proceeding with further functionalization. Suspensions of resulting surface-modified nanodiamonds are applied to the titanium alloy surfaces and the nanodiamonds subsequently fixed by electrochemical immobilization. Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in bone and dental implants for being a metal that is biocompatible with body tissues and able to bind with adjacent bone during healing. In order to improve titanium material properties towards biomedical applications the authors aim to increase adhesion to bone material by incorporating nanodiamonds into the implant surface, namely the anodically grown titanium dioxide layer. Differently functionalized nanodiamonds are characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the modified titanium alloys surfaces by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The process described shows an adsorption and immobilization of modified nanodiamonds on titanium; where aminosilanized nanodiamonds coupled with O-phosphorylethanolamine show a homogeneous interaction with the titanium substrate.

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3

Vityaz, P. A., V. T. Senyut, M. L. Kheifets, A. G. Kolmakov, and S. A. Klimenko. "Synthesis of Superhard Materials Based on Sphalerite Boron Nitride Using Carbon Nanoparticles as a Phase Conversion Catalyst." Advanced Materials & Technologies, no. 3(19) (2020): 008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/amt.2020.03.pp.008-017.

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Using modern ideas about the form of the phase diagram of boron nitride, the paper considers thermodynamic parameters and mechanisms of the synthesis of dense phases of boron nitride under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. It has been verified that nanodiamonds, like fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, have catalytic properties and contribute to the solid-state conversion of graphite-like boron nitride to sphalerite modification at high pressures and temperatures. We propose a mechanism for the interaction of nanodiamond under high pressures with the surface of graphite-like boron nitride, which leads to a change in the type of electronic bond in its lattice from sp2 to sp3 with the formation of boron nitride with a wurtzite structure and its subsequent transformation into sphalerite boron nitride by the shear mechanism. The use of carbon-coated nanodiamonds resulted in an increase in the catalytically active centers of phase transformation in boron nitride in comparison with unmodified nanodiamonds, which was manifested in an increase in the content of sphalerite boron nitride in materials obtained under comparable technological synthesis conditions. Modified nanodiamonds also contribute to the intensification of the synthesis of superhard polycrystals as compared to uncoated nanodiamond additives, both due to the diffusion of carbon atoms along the grain boundaries of sphalerite boron nitride and due to the rearrangement of graphite microgroups into a diamond structure and sintering of the obtained diamond blocks with grains of sphalerite boron nitride. The process parameters of obtaining superhard polycrystals based on sphalerite boron nitride with the addition of detonation nanodiamond powders after chemical cleaning and surface modification with non-diamond forms of carbon were found.

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4

Popov, Vladimir. "Several Aspects of Application of Nanodiamonds as Reinforcements for Metal Matrix Composites." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104695.

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After detonation synthesis, primary nanodiamond particles are around 4–6 nm in size. However, they join into agglomerates with larger parameters and weak bonds between particles. The introduction of agglomerates into a metal matrix can lead to the weakness of composites. This paper demonstrates the possibility of obtaining a non-agglomerated distribution of nanodiamonds inside a metal matrix. The fabrication method was based on mechanical alloying to create additional stresses and deformations by phase transformations during treatment in a planetary mill. According to the findings, the starting temperature of the reaction between the non-agglomerated nanodiamonds and aluminium matrix reduces to 450 °C. Furthermore, the paper shows that existing methods (annealing for the transformation of a diamond structure into graphitic material and cleaning from this graphitic material) cannot reduce the sizes of nanodiamonds in the agglomerated state. Agglomerated nanodiamonds transform into carbon onions (graphitic material) during annealing in a vacuum in the following way: the nanodiamonds located in the surface layers of the agglomerate are the first to undergo the complete transformation followed by the transformation of nanoparticles in its deeper layers. In the intermediate state, the agglomerate has a graphitic surface layer and a core from nanodiamonds: cleaning from graphite cannot reduce nanodiamond particle size.

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5

Popov, Vladimir, Anna Borunova, Evgeny Shelekhov, Oksana Koplak, Elizaveta Dvoretskaya, Danila Matveev, Alexey Prosviryakov, Ekaterina Vershinina, and Vladimir Cheverikin. "Decrease in the Starting Temperature of the Reaction for Fabricating Carbides of Refractory Metals When Using Carbon Nanoparticles as Precursors." Inventions 7, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7040120.

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Metal matrix composites with a matrix of refractory metals (niobium, tungsten) and reinforcing nanodiamond particles were prepared for studying the possibility of decreasing the starting temperature of carbide synthesis. The size of primary nanodiamond particles was 4–6 nm, but they were combined in large-sized agglomerates. Mechanical alloying was used for producing the composites by crushing agglomerates and distributing nanodiamonds evenly in the metal matrix. The initial and fabricated materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal processing leads to the reaction for carbide synthesis. Studies have found that the usage of carbon nanoparticles (nanodiamonds) as precursors for fabricating carbides of refractory metals leads to a dramatic decrease in the synthesis temperature in comparison with macro-precursors: lower than 200 °C for tungsten and lower than 350 °C for niobium.

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6

Ekimov, Evgeny, Andrey A. Shiryaev, Yuriy Grigoriev, Alexey Averin, Ekaterina Shagieva, Stepan Stehlik, and Mikhail Kondrin. "Size-Dependent Thermal Stability and Optical Properties of Ultra-Small Nanodiamonds Synthesized under High Pressure." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030351.

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Diamond properties down to the quantum-size region are still poorly understood. High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis from chloroadamantane molecules allows precise control of nanodiamond size. Thermal stability and optical properties of nanodiamonds with sizes spanning range from <1 to 8 nm are investigated. It is shown that the existing hypothesis about enhanced thermal stability of nanodiamonds smaller than 2 nm is incorrect. The most striking feature in IR absorption of these samples is the appearance of an enhanced transmission band near the diamond Raman mode (1332 cm−1). Following the previously proposed explanation, we attribute this phenomenon to the Fano effect caused by resonance of the diamond Raman mode with continuum of conductive surface states. We assume that these surface states may be formed by reconstruction of broken bonds on the nanodiamond surfaces. This effect is also responsible for the observed asymmetry of Raman scattering peak. The mechanism of nanodiamond formation in HPHT synthesis is proposed, explaining peculiarities of their structure and properties.

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7

Dolmatov, Valerii Yu, Alexander I. Shames, Eiji Ōsawa, Asko Vehanen, Vesa Myllymäki, Alexander O. Dorokhov, Valerii A. Marchukov, Anatoly S. Kozlov, Sergey Yu Naryzhny, and Anastasia Z. Smirnova. "Detonation nanodiamonds: from synthesis theory to application practice." Image Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2021.01.pp.054-080.

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The review is devoted to the current state of research and advances in the production and study of the properties of detonation nanodiamonds (DND), their application in technology and medicine. New data on the theory and practice of DND synthesis for the last 1–5 years are considered and systematized. It is shown that the zone of chemical reactions (ZCR) during the blust of explosive materials (EM) is decisive for the fractal pre-diamond structure formation, the final region of the nanodiamonds (1/3–3/4 of the diameter of the explosive charge) formation is determined. The possibility of predicting the DND yield and the influence of parameters on the synthesis process of nanodiamonds from individual EMs of binary and ternary compositions is shown, their optimal formulations are determined. The optimal ZCR width and the existence time of chemical reactions have been identified. The dependence of the DND yield on the nitrogen content in the EM was shown. The most effective method of DND purification and the possibility of obtaining graphite-diamond compositions of a given formulation are presented. The most informative indicators of nanodiamonds characterization are given. The magnetic properties of nanodiamonds are considered and the identity of the properties of DNDs from different EMs is shown. The characteristics of new compositions based on DND are indicated: electrochemical coatings (gold and chromium-diamond), thermal pastes, diamond-containing polymer filaments for a 3D printer, fuel compositions, enterosorbents, compatible with biosystems of the nanodiamond-drug composition.

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8

Bogdanov, Kirill V., Mikhail A. Baranov, Nikolay A. Feoktistov, Ilya E. Kaliya, Valery G. Golubev, Sergey A. Grudinkin, and Alexander V. Baranov. "Duo Emission of CVD Nanodiamonds Doped by SiV and GeV Color Centers: Effects of Growth Conditions." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103589.

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The investigation of the hot filament chemical vapor deposition nanodiamonds with simultaneously embedded luminescent GeV− and SiV− color centers from solid sources showed that both the absolute and relative intensities of their zero-phonon lines (at 602 and 738 nm) depend on nanodiamond growth conditions (a methane concentration in the CH4/H2 gas mixture, growth temperature, and time). It is shown that a controlled choice of parameters of hot filament chemical vapor deposition synthesis makes it possible to select the optimal synthesis conditions for tailoring bicolor fluorescence nanodiamond labels for imaging biological systems.

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9

Manuella, F. C. "Can nanodiamonds grow in serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems? A theoretical modelling study." Mineralogical Magazine 77, no. 8 (December 2013): 3163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2013.077.8.10.

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AbstractNanodiamonds can be synthesized hydrothermally in the laboratory by using a C-O-H fluid in the graphite stability field, in which the graphite/nanodiamond transition depends on the crystal size as a function of temperature. In nature, the hydrothermal circulation of seawater in serpentinites plays an important role in the carbon speciation in the oceanic crust and exposed mantle, in which hydrocarbons (mainly CH4) of abiogenic origin (via Fischer-Tropsch-type reaction) and occasionally graphite particles are detected. Can nanodiamonds nucleate and grow in serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems? To answer this question, a theoretical modelling study which compares the physico-chemical conditions in hydrothermal synthesis with those observed in modern and fossil serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems is proposed. Nanodiamonds are predicted to precipitate from a C-O-H fluid, consisting of CH4-CO2-H2O at 350 – 400°C andP<0.2 GPa near the FMQ buffer (Fayalite-Magnetite-Quartz), which are conditions compatible with those existing in serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems. In these environments, carbon-supersaturated fluids can be derived from water consumption (serpentine formation) under low water/rock ratios, which may promote the growth of nanodiamonds. This theoretical approach sheds light on the intriguing problem of carbon speciation in abyssal-type hydrothermal systems, suggesting that serpentinites may host nanodiamond deposits, even though none have been found yet.

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10

Liu, Meihua, Dongai Wang, Huaiwen Wang, Yan Shi, Bing Liu, Feihui Li, Yunlan Gong, and Wengang Zhang. "Study on Optimization Technology to Strengthen Ni-Based Composite Coating Electroplate Containing Nanodiamond." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101654.

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Ni-based composite coating containing nanodiamonds was deposited on the substrate of Q235A low-carbon steel in a traditional Watts solution, without any additive. The nanodiamond grains prepared by detonation synthesis were measured by Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical behavior of Ni2+ ion in the composite bath including nanodiamonds was studied by linear sweep voltammetry experiments, and the morphology, elastic modulus, and hardness of Ni-based composite coating were characterized using Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) and the nano-indenter XP tester. Effects of the nanodiamond concentration in the bath, stirring speed, and the electroplate mode on the properties of Ni-based composite coating were investigated. The results show that the reduction of Ni2+ ion in the electroplating process increased initially, and then decreased as the nanodiamond concentration in the bath increased from 4 g/L to 16 g/L, irrespective of whether direct current (DC), single-pulse, or double-pulse electroplating mode was used. The highest over-potential could be obtained when the nanodiamond concentration in the bath was 8 g/L. Moreover, the hardness and elastic modulus of the composite coating prepared by the DC electroplating mode were 4.68 and 194.30 GPa, respectively. By using the same plating parameters, the coating prepared by the double-pulse electroplating mode showed better properties, with hardness and elastic modulus values of 5.22 and 197.38 GPa, respectively.

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11

Jarre, Gerald, Steffen Heyer, Elisabeth Memmel, Thomas Meinhardt, and Anke Krueger. "Synthesis of nanodiamond derivatives carrying amino functions and quantification by a modified Kaiser test." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (November 20, 2014): 2729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.288.

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Nanodiamonds functionalized with different organic moieties carrying terminal amino groups have been synthesized. These include conjugates generated by Diels–Alder reactions of ortho-quinodimethanes formed in situ from pyrazine and 5,6-dihydrocyclobuta[d]pyrimidine derivatives. For the quantification of primary amino groups a modified photometric assay based on the Kaiser test has been developed and validated for different types of aminated nanodiamond. The results correspond well to values obtained by thermogravimetry. The method represents an alternative wet-chemical quantification method in cases where other techniques like elemental analysis fail due to unfavourable combustion behaviour of the analyte or other impediments.

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12

Bogdanov, Denis G., Vladimir A. Plotnikov, Sergey V. Makarov, Alexander S. Bogdanov, and Aleksey A. Chepurov. "DESORPTION OF IMPURITIES FROM DETONATION NANODIAMOND DURING THE SYNTHESIS OF INTERMATALLIC COMPOUNDS OF THE Ni-Al SYSTEM." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196212.6021.

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The results of modification of the impurity subsystem of detonation nanodiamonds (DND) (from the “Altai” Federal Research and Production Center (Biysk)) with active metals and mixtures of nickel and aluminum metals are presented. Samples made from three different metal-diamond mixtures were investigated: 1) 70 wt % of DND and 30 wt % of Al, 2) 50 wt % of DND and 50 wt % of mixture of nickel and aluminum in NiAl stoichiometry, 3) 70 wt % of DND and 30 wt % of mixture of nickel and aluminum in Ni3Al stoichiometry. The heating of samples of nanodiamonds in a vacuum volume (VUP-5) is accompanied by thermal desorption of volatile compounds. Analysis of the samples using differential scanning calorimetry and mass-spectrometry (DSC - on STA 409 PC Luxx NETZSCH, MS - on QMS 403 D Aeolos NETZSCH) allowed us to study the kinetics of desorption and the molecular composition of volatile compounds desorbed by heating nanodiamonds. Annealing of the charge with aluminum is accompanied by a nonmonotonic change in the weight of the sample during heating. Heating mixtures of nanodiamond with nickel and aluminum is accompanied by an almost monotonic decrease in weight. Weight loss at up to 950 °C annealing can reach 20%. When samples are heated to 950 °C, H2O (up to 200 °С), O2 (up to 60 °С), H2S (up to 700 °С), CO2 (up to 600 °С), SO2 (up to 450 °С), N2 (up to 60 °С) evaporate from the surface of the samples. Endo- and exo-effects indicate the occurrence of chemical reactions between impurities and metals. The cleaning process most actively takes place during the annealing of the metal-diamond mixture containing Ni and Al in Ni3Al stoichiometry.

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13

Dolmatov, Valerii Yu. "Detonation-synthesis nanodiamonds: synthesis, structure, properties and applications." Russian Chemical Reviews 76, no. 4 (April 30, 2007): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2007v076n04abeh003643.

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14

Fokin, Andrey A., Tatyana S. Zhuk, Alexander E. Pashenko, Pavlo O. Dral, Pavel A. Gunchenko, Jeremy E. P. Dahl, Robert M. K. Carlson, Tatyana V. Koso, Michael Serafin, and Peter R. Schreiner. "Oxygen-Doped Nanodiamonds: Synthesis and Functionalizations†." Organic Letters 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2009): 3068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol901089h.

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15

Arnault, J. C., and H. A. Girard. "Hydrogenated nanodiamonds: Synthesis and surface properties." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 21, no. 1 (February 2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2016.06.007.

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16

Nee, Chen-Hon, Ming Chuan Lee, Hun Seng Poh, Seong-Ling Yap, Teck-Yong Tou, and Seong-Shan Yap. "Plasma synthesis of nanodiamonds in ethanol." Composites Part B: Engineering 162 (April 2019): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.071.

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17

Timerkaev, B. A., R. B. Shakirov, A. A. Zalyalieva, R. K. Gevorgyan, and R. R. Shaikhattarov. "Nanodiamonds from Fuel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2270, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2270/1/012008.

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Abstract In this paper, we present the results of the synthesis of nanodiamonds from carbon nanostructures and diamondoids in an arc discharge. The electrodes used in the experiments were a molybdenum cathode and a copper anode coated with carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and diamondoids. The formation of carbon nanostructures on the surface of a copper electrode was carried out in an electric arc sunk into fuel oil. At the next stage, these carbon nanostructures served as a source of atomic carbon and diamondoids from the surface of the arc discharge anode. The use of fuel oil as a feedstock for creating the electrode material probably led to the retention of diamondoids contained in fuel oil during two vaporizations. It was found that, in addition to carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds also formed on the cathode surface.

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18

Manoj, B., Ashlin M. Raj, and George Thomas Chirayil. "Facile synthesis of preformed mixed nano-carbon structure from low rank coal." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0026.

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Abstract Coal is a natural energy resource which is mainly used for energy production via combustion. Coal has nanocrystals embedded in it, formed during the coalification process, and is an ideal precursor for nano-carbon dots and diamonds. Herein, we report a facile top-down method to synthesise nanodots and diamonds of the size of 5 nm to 10 nm from three different types of coal by simple chemical leaching. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a mixture of carbon dots, graphene layers, and quantum dots in bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Raman analysis confirmed the existence of synthesized nanodiamond and nano-carbon mixed phase with defects associated with it. It is concluded that graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, graphene sheets and carbon dots present in coal can be extracted by simple chemical treatment. These structures can be tuned to photoluminescent material for various optoelectronic applications or energy harvesting devices like super capacitors.

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19

Gucsik, Arnold, Hirotsugu Nishido, Kiyotaka Ninagawa, Ulrich Ott, Akira Tsuchiyama, Masahiro Kayama, Irakli Simonia, and Jean-Paul Boudou. "Cathodoluminescence Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Micro- and Nanodiamonds: An Implication for Laboratory Astrophysics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 6 (December 2012): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761201330x.

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AbstractColor centers in selected micro- and nanodiamond samples were investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy at 298 K [room temperature (RT)] and 77 K [liquid-nitrogen temperature (LNT)] to assess the value of the technique for astrophysics. Nanodiamonds from meteorites were compared with synthetic diamonds made with different processes involving distinct synthesis mechanisms (chemical vapor deposition, static high pressure high temperature, detonation). A CL emission peak centered at around 540 nm at 77 K was observed in almost all of the selected diamond samples and is assigned to the dislocation defect with nitrogen atoms. Additional peaks were identified at 387 and 452 nm, which are related to the vacancy defect. In general, peak intensity at LNT at the samples was increased in comparison to RT. The results indicate a clear temperature—dependence of the spectroscopic properties of diamond. This suggests the method is a useful tool in laboratory astrophysics.

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20

Kim, Hwan-Young, Da-Seul Kim, Kun-Su Kim, and Nong-Moon Hwang. "Various Allotropes of Diamond Nanoparticles Generated in the Gas Phase during Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122504.

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Diamond nanoparticles have been synthesized using various methods. Nanodiamonds generated in the gas phase were captured on the membrane of a transmission electron microscope grid during a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond process. In total, ~600 nanoparticles, which were captured for 10 s in six conditions of the capture temperatures of 900 °C, 600 °C and 300 °C and the gas mixtures of 1% CH4-99% H2 and 3% CH4-97% H2, were analyzed for phase identification using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transformation. Hexagonal diamond, i-carbon, n-diamond, and cubic diamond were identified. The observation of two or more carbon allotropes captured on the same membrane suggested their coexistence in the gas phase during HFCVD. The crystal structure of carbon allotropes was related to the size of the nanodiamond. The crystal structure of the nanoparticles affected the crystal structure of diamond deposited for 8 h. Confirmation of various carbon allotropes provides new insight into the nanodiamond synthesis in the gas phase and the growth mechanism of HFCVD diamond.

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21

Qin, Jin-Xu, Xi-Gui Yang, Chao-Fan Lv, Yi-Zhe Li, Kai-Kai Liu, Jin-Hao Zang, Xun Yang, Lin Dong, and Chong-Xin Shan. "Nanodiamonds: Synthesis, properties, and applications in nanomedicine." Materials & Design 210 (November 2021): 110091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110091.

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22

Baidakova, M. V., Yu A. Kukushkina, A. A. Sitnikova, M. A. Yagovkina, D. A. Kirilenko, V. V. Sokolov, M. S. Shestakov, A. Ya Vul’, B. Zousman, and O. Levinson. "Structure of nanodiamonds prepared by laser synthesis." Physics of the Solid State 55, no. 8 (August 2013): 1747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783413080027.

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23

Perevedentseva, E., D. Peer, V. Uvarov, B. Zousman, and O. Levinson. "Nanodiamonds of Laser Synthesis for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.9747.

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24

Danilenko, V. V. "Specific Features of Synthesis of Detonation Nanodiamonds." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 41, no. 5 (September 2005): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10573-005-0072-5.

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25

Chukhaeva, S. I. "Synthesis, properties, and applications of fractionated nanodiamonds." Physics of the Solid State 46, no. 4 (April 2004): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1711438.

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26

Picollo, Federico, Lorenzo Mino, Alfio Battiato, Sviatoslav Ditalia Tchernij, Jacopo Forneris, Katia Martina, Mirko Sacco, et al. "Synthesis and characterization of porphyrin functionalized nanodiamonds." Diamond and Related Materials 91 (January 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2018.11.001.

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27

Кудряшова, О. Б., Е. А. Петров, and А. А. Ветрова. "EXCESSIVE ENERGY OF DETONATION NANODIAMONDS." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 3(37) (June 30, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.37.3.014.

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Алмазы детонационного синтеза (ДНА) отличаются набором уникальных свойств, связанных с существенно неравновесными условиями их получения. Исследование их свойств продолжает оставаться актуальным в последние годы. Наноалмазы находят применение в полировальных составах, при модификации каучуков, резин, полимеров, металлов, создании новых композиционных материалов, в качестве добавок к топливу, адсорбентов и катализаторов, в биологии и в медицине. Интерес представляет энергетическая насыщенность наноалмазов. В данной работе проведено теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование избыточной энергии алмазов детонационного синтеза. Доказано, что ДНА обладают избыточной энергией по сравнению с природными и синтетическими алмазами. Рассмотрены возможные источники возникновения избыточной энергии. Исследованы образцы ДНА, полученные в различных условиях синтеза. На основе данных по термогравиметрическому анализу образцов ДНА представлены результаты анализа избыточной энергии образцов и ее зависимости от площади удельной поверхности частиц. Площадь удельной поверхности порошков получена методом БЭТ. Установлено, что чем больше поверхность частиц, тем больше тепла затрачено на её получение и выделилось при сжигании. Однако зависимость избыточной энергии от площади удельной поверхности частиц обратная. Экспериментально полученные нами величины плотности избыточной энергии на 1-2 порядка выше теоретически полученных значений для природных алмазов и для наноалмазов, что подтверждает наличие большой избыточной энергии ДНА. Такое свойство детонационных наноалмазов может найти применение в новых технологиях, в частности, при использовании наноалмазов в роли сорбентов. Detonation synthesis diamonds (DNDs) are distinguished by a set of unique properties associated with substantially nonequilibrium conditions for their production. The study of their properties continues to be relevant in recent years. Nanodiamonds are used in polishing compositions, in the modification of rubbers, polymers, metals, the creation of new composite materials, as additives to fuel, adsorbents and catalysts, in biology and medicine. The energy saturation of nanodiamonds is of interest. In this work, a theoretical and experimental study of the excessive energy of detonation synthesis diamonds is carried out. It has been proven that DNDs have excessive energy in comparison with natural and synthetic diamonds. Possible sources of excess energy are considered. Samples of DND obtained under various synthesis conditions have been investigated. Based on the data on thermogravimetric analysis of DND samples, the results of the analysis of the excessive energy of the samples and their dependence on the specific surface area of the particles are presented. The specific surface area of the powders was obtained by the BET method. It was found that the larger the surface of the particles, the more heat is spent on its production and released during combustion. However, the dependence of the excessive energy on the specific surface area of the particles is inverse. The experimentally obtained values of the excessive energy density are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the theoretically obtained values for natural diamonds and for nanodiamonds, which confirms the presence of a large excess excessive of DND. This property of detonation nanodiamonds can find application in new technologies, in particular, when nanodiamonds are used as sorbents.

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28

Crane, M. J., A. Petrone, R. A. Beck, M. B. Lim, X. Zhou, X. Li, R. M. Stroud, and P. J. Pauzauskie. "High-pressure, high-temperature molecular doping of nanodiamond." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaau6073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau6073.

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The development of color centers in diamond as the basis for emerging quantum technologies has been limited by the need for ion implantation to create the appropriate defects. We present a versatile method to dope diamond without ion implantation by synthesis of a doped amorphous carbon precursor and transformation at high temperatures and high pressures. To explore this bottom-up method for color center generation, we rationally create silicon vacancy defects in nanodiamond and investigate them for optical pressure metrology. In addition, we show that this process can generate noble gas defects within diamond from the typically inactive argon pressure medium, which may explain the hysteresis effects observed in other high-pressure experiments and the presence of noble gases in some meteoritic nanodiamonds. Our results illustrate a general method to produce color centers in diamond and may enable the controlled generation of designer defects.

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29

Voropaev, S. A., N. V. Dushenko, V. N. Skorobogatskii, A. S. Aronin, V. M. Shkinev, O. L. Bondarev, V. V. Strazdovskii, A. A. Eliseev, E. A. Ponomareva, and E. M. Galimov. "Photoluminescence of nitrogen-doped nanodiamonds of cavitation synthesis." Doklady Physics 59, no. 12 (December 2014): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335814120106.

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30

Shushkanova, A. V., L. Dubrovinsky, N. Dubrovinskaya, Yu A. Litvin, and V. S. Urusov. "Synthesis and in-situ raman spectroscopy of nanodiamonds." Doklady Physics 53, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335808010011.

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31

Davidov, S. V., and A. O. Gorlenko. "Friction Surface Modification by Nanodiamonds of Denotational Synthesis." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 124 (April 2016): 012122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/124/1/012122.

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32

Hu, Shengliang, Fei Tian, Peikang Bai, Shirui Cao, Jing Sun, and Jing Yang. "Synthesis and luminescence of nanodiamonds from carbon black." Materials Science and Engineering: B 157, no. 1-3 (February 2009): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2008.12.001.

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33

Minati, L., C. L. Cheng, Y. C. Lin, J. Hees, G. Lewes-Malandrakis, C. E. Nebel, F. Benetti, C. Migliaresi, and G. Speranza. "Synthesis of novel nanodiamonds–gold core shell nanoparticles." Diamond and Related Materials 53 (March 2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2015.01.004.

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34

Bogdanov, K. V., V. Yu Osipov, M. V. Zhukovskaya, C. Jentgens, F. Treussart, T. Hayashi, K. Takai, A. V. Fedorov, and A. V. Baranov. "Size-dependent Raman and SiV-center luminescence in polycrystalline nanodiamonds produced by shock wave synthesis." RSC Advances 6, no. 57 (2016): 51783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09317e.

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30 × 30 nm TEM image of diamond polycrystal consisting cubic nanodiamonds of different orientation doped by luminescent SiV centers with luminescent intensity depended on mean size of the polycrystals.

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35

Li, Hong, Yi Wang, Lei Zhang, Haojie Lu, Zhongjun Zhou, Liming Wei, and Pengyuan Yang. "Facile synthesis of novel magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with layer-by-layer detonation nanodiamonds for secretome study." Analyst 140, no. 23 (2015): 7886–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an01432h.

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A novel approach for fast and efficient specific enrichment of low abundance peptides and proteins in secretome analysis was developed by using novel magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with layer-by-layer detonation nanodiamonds (dNDs).

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36

Dolmatov, V. Yu, I. I. Kulakova, V. Myllymäki, A. Vehanen, A. N. Panova, and A. A. Voznyakovskii. "IR spectra of detonation nanodiamonds modified during the synthesis." Journal of Superhard Materials 36, no. 5 (September 2014): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063457614050086.

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37

Timerkaev, B. A., R. R. Shaikhattarov, R. K. Gevorgyan, I. S. Ibragimov, and A. R. Akhmetvaleeva. "Synthesis of nanodiamonds and carbon nanotubes in siliconargon arc." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1870, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1870/1/012015.

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38

Puzyr’, A. P., K. V. Purtov, O. A. Shenderova, M. Luo, D. W. Brenner, and V. S. Bondar. "The adsorption of aflatoxin B1 by detonation-synthesis nanodiamonds." Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 417, no. 1 (December 2007): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1607672907060026.

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39

Alekseev, D. V., Yu G. Mateyshina, V. Yu Komarov, E. V. Sevast'yanova, and N. F. Uvarov. "Synthesis and characterization of solid composite electrolytes LiClO4 – Nanodiamonds." Materials Today: Proceedings 31 (2020): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.522.

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40

Permana, Antonius Dimas Chandra, Ling Ding, Ignacio Guillermo Gonzalez-Martinez, Martin Hantusch, Kornelius Nielsch, Daria Mikhailova, and Ahmad Omar. "Comparative Study of Onion-like Carbons Prepared from Different Synthesis Routes towards Li-Ion Capacitor Application." Batteries 8, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100160.

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Li-ion capacitors (LIC) have emerged as a promising hybrid energy storage system in response to increasing energy demands. However, to achieve excellent LIC performance at high rates, along with cycling stability, an alternative anode to graphite is needed. Porous high-surface-area carbons, such as onion-like carbons (OLCs), have been recently found to hold high potential as high-rate-capable LIC anodes. However, a systematic understanding of their synthesis route and morphology is lacking. In this study, OLCs prepared from self-made metal organic frameworks (MOFs) Fe-BTC and Fe-MIL100 by a simple pyrolysis method were compared to OLCs obtained via high-temperature annealing of nanodiamonds. The LICs with OLCs produced from Fe-BTC achieved a maximum energy density of 243 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 20,149 W kg−1. Furthermore, excellent capacitance retention of 78% after 10,000 cycles was demonstrated. LICs with MOF-derived OLCs surpassed the energy and power density of LICs with nanodiamond-derived OLCs. We determined the impact of the MOF precursor structure and morphology on the resulting OLC properties, as well as on the electrochemical performance. Thus, MOF-derived OLCs offer significant potential toward high-performance anode material for LICs, enabling control over structure and morphology, as well as easy scalability for industrial implementation.

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41

Shevchenko, Nikolay V., Valentin A. Gorbachev, Vladimir A. Chobanyan, Sergey K. Sigalaev, Razhudin N. Rizahanov, Alexandr A. Golubev, Alexey N. Kirichenko, and Vladimir P. Efremov. "PROPERTIES AND PHASE COMPOSITION OF DETONATION NANODIAMONDS SURFACE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 8 (July 17, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165908.36y.

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The characteristics, properties and phase composition of surface of nano- and microdiamond crystals obtained by detonation synthesis were researched. In blend composition of nano diamonds the carbine presence was revealed. On the surface of the nano diamond microcrystals and after chemical treatment the presence of sp2 and sp3 carbon phases with the predominant content of sp3crystal phase was revealed. Together with that the presence on the surface of the sp3 amorpohous phase was established for nano diamonds.

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42

Петров, Е. А. "KINETIC ASPECTS OF THE DETONATION PRODUCTION OF NANODIAMONDS." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 4(44) (August 31, 2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.44.4.002.

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Наноалмазы (НА) - уникальный материал, сочетающий в себе свойства алмаза и преимущества наноструктур, а детонационный метод его получения по праву относится к перспективному виду базовых технологий. В работе исследовались алмазные и углеродные наноструктуры экспериментального и промышленного детонационного синтеза, полученные как из взрывчатых веществ (ВВ), так и из смеси взрывчатых веществ с углеродными добавками. Рассматривались вопросы образования НА в зоне химических реакций и влияние масс-энергетических и кинетических параметров ВВ на фазовый состав, микроструктуру и зернистость НА. Показана эволюция их изменений, как в первичных продуктах синтеза, так и при последующем обогащении. На практике изменения в микроструктуре проявляются в увеличении размеров кристаллита и зерна НА в процессе обогащения и последующего прокаливания. Nanodiamonds (NA) are a unique material that combines the properties of diamond and the advantages of nanostructures, and the detonation method of its production rightfully belongs to a promising type of basic technologies. The paper investigated diamond and carbon nanostructures of experimental and industrial detonation synthesis, obtained both from explosives (BB) and from a mixture of explosives with carbon additives. The issues of formation of NA in the zone of chemical reactions and the influence of mass-energy and kinetic parameters of BB on the phase composition, microstructure and granularity of NA were considered. The evolution of their changes, both in the primary synthesis products and during subsequent enrichment, is shown. In practice, changes in the microstructure are manifested in an increase in the size of the crystallite and grain in the process of enrichment and subsequent calcination.

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43

Vasilyeva, E. Yu, Yu V. Karacheva, A. P. Puzyr, and V. S. Bondar. "Therapeutic effect of explosive-synthesis nanodiamonds in cobalt-induced dermatitis." Siberian Medical Review 4 (2022): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20333/25000136-2022-4-109-113.

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The aim of the research. To evaluate the therapeutic eff ect of modifi ed nanodiamonds (MND) of explosive synthesis for treatment of allergic contact dermatitis induced by cobalt ions. Material and methods. Th e study was performed on guinea pigs. Th e animals were divided into 3 groups (6 animals in each group). Allergic contact dermatitis was initiated using 2% aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate applied to the animals’ skin for 14 days according to the common procedure. For allergic contact dermatitis treatment, glycerol and MND suspension with the nanoparticle concentration of 5g · l-1 prepared in glycerol were used. MND with high colloidal stability in water suspensions and the average nanoparticle cluster size of d50 = 50nm was used in the work. Th e animals of group I were controls: aft er allergic contact dermatitis development, their skin was not treated by any means for 7 days. Th e animals in groups II and III were experimental: aft er allergic contact dermatitis initiation, their skin was treated for 7 days using glycerol and MND suspension, respectively. Upon experiment completion, biopsy of skin sample was performed on all animals for histological and spectral examination. The content of cobalt in skin samples was determined through atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Results. The results of histological and morphometric analysis indicate that, in the case with dermatitis modelled in guinea pigs using cobalt ions, treatment of the animals’ skin with MND suspension reduces allergic inflammation intensity. Th e therapeutic effect of MND is caused by adsorption of cobalt ions onto nanoparticles and their subsequent elimination from the skin, which complies with the atomic adsorption spectroscopy data. Conclusion. Th e prospects of MND as a new therapeutic agent for binding and elimination of chemical allergens (particularly, cobalt ions inducing the allergic contact dermatitis development) are discussed.

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44

Mishra, Raghvendra, Anuj Kumar Chhalodia, Santosh K. Tiwari, Vadym Mochalin, Robert Bogdanowicz, Vincent Pichot, Robert Bogdanowicz, et al. "Recent progress in nanodiamonds: Synthesis, properties and their potential applications." Veruscript Functional Nanomaterials 2 (December 19, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/8w2eg0.

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45

Vinokurov, E. G., L. A. Orlova, A. A. Stepko, and V. V. Bondar’. "Synthesis and properties of inorganic composite coatings containing detonation nanodiamonds." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 50, no. 4 (July 2014): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205114040194.

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46

Terada, Daiki, Shingo Sotoma, Yoshie Harada, Ryuji Igarashi, and Masahiro Shirakawa. "One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Dispersible Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Bioconjugation." Bioconjugate Chemistry 29, no. 8 (July 5, 2018): 2786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00412.

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47

Donnet, Jean-Baptiste, Éric Fousson, Michel Samirant, Tong Kuan Wang, Marie Pontier-Johnson, and André Eckhardt. "Shock synthesis of nanodiamonds from carbon precursors: identification of carbynes." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry 3, no. 5 (May 2000): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1609(00)01149-x.

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48

Basso, Luca, Nicola Bazzanella, Massimo Cazzanelli, and Antonio Miotello. "On the route towards a facile fluorescent nanodiamonds laser-synthesis." Carbon 153 (November 2019): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.07.025.

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49

Dubkova, V. I., A. P. Korzhenevskii, N. P. Krut′ko, V. G. Komarevich, and L. V. Kul′bistkaya. "Detonation-Synthesis Nanodiamonds in Compositions of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 89, no. 4 (July 2016): 1024–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-016-1464-y.

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50

Tolochko, B. P., V. M. Titov, A. P. Chernyshev, K. A. Ten, E. R. Pruuel, I. L. Zhogin, P. I. Zubkov, N. Z. Lyakhov, L. A. Lukyanchikov, and M. A. Sheromov. "Physical–chemical model of processes at detonation synthesis of nanodiamonds." Diamond and Related Materials 16, no. 12 (December 2007): 2014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2007.09.002.

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