Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nanocrystal Design

Academic literature on the topic 'Nanocrystal Design'

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Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nanocrystal Design"

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Dâna, Aykutlu, Imran Akca, Atilla Aydinli, Rasit Turan, and Terje G. Finstad. "A Figure of Merit for Optimization of Nanocrystal Flash Memory Design." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.a156.

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Nanocrystals can be used as storage media for carriers in flash memories. The performance of a nanocrystal flash memory depends critically on the choice of nanocrystal size and density as well as on the choice of tunnel dielectric properties. The performance of a nanocrystal memory device can be expressed in terms of write/erase speed, carrier retention time and cycling durability. We present a model that describes the charge/discharge dynamics of nanocrystal flash memories and calculate the effect of nanocrystal, gate, tunnel dielectric and substrate properties on device performance. The model assumes charge storage in quantized energy levels of nanocrystals. Effect of temperature is included implicitly in the model through perturbation of the substrate minority carrier concentration and Fermi level. Because a large number of variables affect these performance measures, in order to compare various designs, a figure of merit that measures the device performance in terms of design parameters is defined as a function of write/erase/discharge times which are calculated using the theoretical model. The effects of nanocrystal size and density, gate work function, substrate doping, control and tunnel dielectric properties and device geometry on the device performance are evaluated through the figure of merit. Experimental data showing agreement of the theoretical model with the measurement results are presented for devices that has PECVD grown germanium nanocrystals as the storage media.
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Di Tocco, Aylén, Gabriela Valeria Porcal, Walter Iván Riberi, María Alicia Zon, Héctor Fernández, Sebastian Noel Robledo, and Fernando Javier Arévalo. "Synthesis of stable CdS nanocrystals using experimental design: optimization of the emission." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 32 (2019): 12836–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02145k.

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He, Yizhou, Liyifei Xu, Cheng Yang, Xiaowei Guo, and Shaorong Li. "Design and Numerical Investigation of a Lead-Free Inorganic Layered Double Perovskite Cs4CuSb2Cl12 Nanocrystal Solar Cell by SCAPS-1D." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092321.

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In the last decade, perovskite solar cells have made a quantum leap in performance with the efficiency increasing from 3.8% to 25%. However, commercial perovskite solar cells have faced a major impediment due to toxicity and stability issues. Therefore, lead-free inorganic perovskites have been investigated in order to find substitute perovskites which can provide a high efficiency similar to lead-based perovskites. In recent studies, as a kind of lead-free inorganic perovskite material, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 has been demonstrated to possess impressive photoelectric properties and excellent environmental stability. Moreover, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals have smaller effective photo-generated carrier masses than bulk Cs4CuSb2Cl12, which provides excellent carrier mobility. To date, there have been no reports about Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals used for making solar cells. To explore the potential of Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cells, we propose a lead-free perovskite solar cell with the configuration of FTO/ETL/Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals/HTL/Au using a solar cell capacitance simulator. Moreover, we numerically investigate the factors that affect the performance of the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell with the aim of enhancing its performance. By selecting the appropriate hole transport material, electron transport material, thickness of the absorber layer, doping density, defect density in the absorber, interface defect density, and working temperature point, we predict that the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell with the FTO/TiO2/Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals/Cu2O/Au structure can attain a power conversion efficiency of 23.07% at 300 K. Our analysis indicates that Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals have great potential as an absorbing layer towards highly efficient lead-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Godfrey, William L., Yu-Zhong Zhang, Shulamit Jaron, and Gayle M. Buller. "Qdot® nanocrystal conjugates in multispectral flow cytometry (42.14)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 42.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.42.14.

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Abstract Qdot® nanocrystal-antibody conjugates allow researchers to detect more parameters in a sample with manageable spectral overlap compensation between fluorophores. These semiconductor nanocrystals optimally excite with ultraviolet or violet light, and provide symmetrical emission peaks with up to 400 nm Stokes shifts. In this study, we review the use of Qdot® nanocrystal and conventional fluorophore conjugates with particular attention to filter selection to minimize the within-laser and cross-laser compensations. All experiments were performed using standard staining protocols with human peripheral blood leucocytes and analyzed using a BD LSR II flow cytometer. Example results: Qdot® 655 and Qdot® 605 nanocrystal conjugates require less than 5% compensation, and the Qdot® 655 nanocrystal can require <20% compensation versus APC. Qdot 705 nanocrystal requires >100% compensation versus RPE-Cy5.5, but filter selection can reduce compensation versus RPE-Alexa Fluor® 700 conjugates to <30%. By optimizing individual channels, 8 to 12 color experiments have been run with good resolution of cell populations using 2 to 4 Qdot® nanocrystal conjugates. The unique spectral characteristics of Qdot® nanocrystals can dramatically facilitate multicolor experimental design when performing multicolor flow cytometry experiments. Supported by Life Technologies Corporation.
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Sharma, Anju, and P. Sriganesan. "Formulation development and optimization of fast dissolving film containing carvedilol nanocrystals for improved bioavailability." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2017.

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In this work, fast dissolving films (FDF) were prepared using nanocrystal formulations in order to optimise dissolution properties of lipophilic, poorly soluble drug Cavedilol. Drug nanocrystals are crystals with a size in the nanometer range, meaning that they are nanoparticles with a crystalline character. Carvedilol nanosuspensions were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer, and then encapsulated in to films by solvent casting method using polymers such as maltodextrin and PVA in different concentrations. Propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the formulation of FDF containing Carvedilol nanocrystals for enhanced bioavailability and better compliance. The formulation of FDF was optimized by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) (design expert 11.03).In this design, 13 formulas were performed. One of the formula were suggested by design expert desirability = 1. Keywords: Carvedilol, Nanocrystal, FDF, Box-bhenken optimization, in-vitro drug dissolution study,
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Kotian, Vinith, Marina Koland, and Srinivas Mutalik. "Nanocrystal-Based Topical Gels for Improving Wound Healing Efficacy of Curcumin." Crystals 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111565.

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Topical curcumin shows poor local availability because of its low aqueous solubility and inadequate tissue absorption. Curcumin nanocrystals were prepared by sonoprecipitation followed by lyophilization to improve surface area and solubility. The formulation was optimized by the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. The nanocrystals were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), practical yield and in vitro drug release studies. The nanocrystal-incorporated gel was evaluated for drug content, ex vivo permeation, in vivo skin irritation, and in vivo wound healing activity. Time of sonication and amplitude influenced the optimization of curcumin nanocrystals, but the effect of stabilizer concentrations was not significant beyond 0.5% w/w. SEM images of curcumin nanocrystals revealed irregular and plate-shaped particles with rough surfaces. PXRD patterns of curcumin nanocrystals showed low crystallinity compared to unprocessed curcumin powder. An in vitro drug release study demonstrated significant improvement in the percentage cumulative drug release in the form of nanocrystals compared to the unprocessed curcumin, and the release profile exhibited first-order kinetics. Curcumin nanocrystal gel showed 93.86% drug content and was free of skin irritation potential. Excision wound healing activity in albino rats showed that the curcumin nanocrystal gel exhibited significantly faster wound contraction than curcumin powder-incorporated gel.
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Li, Zhaohan, Zachary L. Robinson, Paolo Elvati, Angela Violi, and Uwe R. Kortshagen. "Distance-dependent resonance energy transfer in alkyl-terminated Si nanocrystal solids." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 12 (March 28, 2022): 124705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079571.

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Understanding and controlling the energy transfer between silicon nanocrystals is of significant importance for the design of efficient optoelectronic devices. However, previous studies on silicon nanocrystal energy transfer were limited because of the strict requirements to precisely control the inter-dot distance and to perform all measurements in air-free environments to preclude the effect of ambient oxygen. Here, we systematically investigate the distance-dependent resonance energy transfer in alkyl-terminated silicon nanocrystals for the first time. Silicon nanocrystal solids with inter-dot distances varying from 3 to 5 nm are fabricated by varying the length and surface coverage of alkyl ligands in solution-phase and gas-phase functionalized silicon nanocrystals. The inter-dot energy transfer rates are extracted from steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, enabling a direct comparison to theoretical predictions. Our results reveal that the distance-dependent energy transfer rates in Si NCs decay faster than predicted by the Förster mechanism, suggesting higher-order multipole interactions.
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Nakamura, Y., T. Ishibe, T. Taniguchi, T. Terada, R. Hosoda, and Sh Sakane. "Semiconductor Nanostructure Design for Thermoelectric Property Control." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 03n04 (March 28, 2019): 1940036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19400362.

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We present the methodologies for developing high-performance thermoelectric materials using nanostructured interfaces by reviewing our three studies and giving the new aspect of nanostructuring results. (1) Connected Si nanocrystals exhibited ultrasmall thermal conductivity. The drastic thermal conductivity reduction was brought by phonon confinement and phonon scattering. Here, we present discussion about the new aspect for phonon transport: not only nanocrystal size but also shape can contribute to thermal conductivity reduction. (2) Si films including Ge nanocrystals demonstrated that phonon and carrier conductions were independently controlled in the films, where carriers were easily transported through the interfaces between Si and Ge, while phonons could be effectively scattered at the interfaces. (3) Embedded-ZnO nanowire structure demonstrated the simultaneous realization of power factor increase and thermal conductivity reduction. The [Formula: see text] increase was caused by the interface-dominated carrier transport. The nanowire interfaces also worked as phonon scatterers, resulting in the thermal conductivity reduction.
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Kovalenko, Maksym V. "Chemical Design of Nanocrystal Solids." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 67, no. 5 (May 29, 2013): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2013.316.

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Matebie, Bisrat Yihun, Belachew Zegale Tizazu, Aseel A. Kadhem, and S. Venkatesa Prabhu. "Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) from Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Acid Hydrolysis: Characterization and Optimization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7133154.

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This study is aimed at utilizing brewery’s spent grain (BSG) byproduct for the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using acid hydrolysis and optimizing the hydrolysis parameters (hydrolysis time, temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and acid concentration). Alkali and bleaching treatment were done to remove hemicellulose and lignin from BSG. Optimization process was performed using central composite design (CCD) to obtain optimum value of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) yield. The maximum cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) yield of 43.24% was obtained at optimum hydrolysis conditions of 50°C, 51 wt% acid concentration, 41 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 19 ml/g. The raw brewery spent grain; alkali-treated fiber, bleached fiber, and obtained CNC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, particle analyzer, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The characterization results indicated that the obtained cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has rod-like whisker shape with crystallinity of 76.3% and an average particle size of 309.4 nm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanocrystal Design"

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Halpert, Jonathan E. "Design and synthesis of nanocrystal heterostructures for optoelectronic applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43764.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals can be used for a variety of optoelectronic applications including light emitting devices (LEDs) and photovoltaics. Their narrow emission spectra make them excellent fluorophors for use in red, green and blue emitting organic LEDs and have been shown to achieve external quantum efficiencies as high as 2.7%, 1.8% and 0.4% respectively. Better synthetic methods have produced nanocrystal emitters with higher quantum yield, boosting efficiency, while a better understanding of QD-OLED function has led to improved organic transport materials. These QD-OLED devices can also be redesigned using inorganic hole and electron transport materials to produce inorganic QD-LEDs (QD-ILEDs) with EQE as high as 0.1%. Inorganic transport layers are more robust to solvents and oxygen, and are expected to greatly increase the device lifetime of QD-LEDs over devices employing organic materials. New QD deposition techniques using an inorganic hole transport layer include inkjet printing and Langmuir-Shaeffer dip-coating. Greater synthetic control of the II-VI nanocrystals has also yielded type-II CdSe/CdTe nanobarbells capable of internal exciton separation for photovoltaic applications. Although efficient solar cells using this material could not be produced, the material has given us several insights into the physics and future designs of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. Finally, nanocrystal heterostructures formed using J-aggregate dyes electrostatically bound to QDs, have shown potential for use in LCD or lasing device applications.
by Jonathan E. Halpert
Ph.D.
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BRUNI, FRANCESCO. "NOVEL MATERIAL DESIGN AND MANIPULATION STRATEGIES FOR ADVANCED OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/151660.

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Il mio progetto di dottorato è stato focalizzato sui semiconduttori organici per applicazioni fotovoltaiche e di fotorivelazione. Inizialmente ho lavorato sul controllo morfologico di blende binarie di molecole organiche e fullereni usando la cosiddetta strategia dei pigmenti latenti. In particolare ho lavorato sull'ingenierizzazione dello strato attivo di celle solari organiche a eterogiunzione. Ho dimostrato una nuova strategia per controllare la segregazione di fase in film sottili di molecole elettron donatrici e fullereni, introducendo nel sistema un network di legami di idrogeno attivato termicamente. Successivamente ho studiato i processi di accumulazione di carica all’interfaccia tra acqua e un semiconduttore polimerico per applicazioni biomediche per mezzo di nanocristalli colloidali biemissivi con alta sensibilità verso agenti elettronattrattori. In fine, ho dedicato l’ultima parte del mio lavoro all’approfondimento delle possibili applicazioni di questa classe di nanocristalli come sensori raziometrici di pH intracellulare e come vernici per il monitoraggio ottico della pressione.
My PhD has been focused on organic semiconductors for photovoltaics and photodetecting applications. Initially, I worked on the control of the morphology in binary blends of small organic molecules and fullerenes using the so called latent pigment approach. Subsequently, I investigated the charge accumulation and polarization effect occurring at the interface between water and a polymeric semiconductor used as optical component in retinal prosthesis by means of inorganic colloidal nanocrystals featuring a ratiometric sensing ability for electron withdrawing agents. As a last part of the work, I focalized on the applications of these nanocrystals as ratiometric sensors for intracellular pH probing and pressure optical monitoring. Specifically, during the first part of my PhD, I worked in the field of organic photovoltaics on the morphology engineering of the active layer of small molecules bulk-heterojunction solar cells. I demonstrated a new strategy to fine tune the phase-segregation in thin films of a suitably functionalized electron donor blended with fullerene derivatives by introducing in the system a post-deposition thermally activated network of hydrogen bonds that leads to improved stability and high crystallinity. Moreover, this process increases the carrier mobility of the donor species and allows for controlling the size of segregated domains resulting in an improved efficiency of the photovoltaic devices. This work revealed the great potential of the latent hydrogen bonding strategy that I subsequently exploited to fabricate nanometric semiconductive features on the film surface by using a very simple maskless lithographic technique. To do so, I focalized a UV laser into a confocal microscope and used the objective as a “brush” to thermically induce a localized hydrogen bonding driven crystallization with diffraction limited resolution. My work on organic semiconductors continued with a study on the surface polarization driven charge separation at the P3HT/water interfaces in optoelectronic devices for biologic applications. In this work, I probed the local accumulation of positive charges on the P3HT surface in aqueous environment by exploiting the ratiometric sensing capabilities of particular engineered core/shell heterostuctures called dot-in-bulk nanocrystals (DiB-NCs). These structures feature two-colour emission due to the simultaneous recombination of their core and shell localized excitons. Importantly, the two emissions are differently affected by the external chemical environment, making DiB-NCs ideal optical ratiometric sensors. In the second part of my PhD, I, therefore, focalized on the single particle sensing application of DiB-NCs. Specifically, I used them to ratiometrically probe intracellular pH in living cells. With this aim, I studied their ratiometric response in solution by titration with an acid and a base. Subsequently, I internalized them into living human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and monitored an externally induced alteration of the intracellular pH. Importantly, viability test on DiB-NCs revealed no cytotoxicity demonstrating their great potential as ratiometric pH probes for biologic application. Finally, I used DiB-NCs as a proof-of-concept single particle ratiometric pressure sensitive paint (r-PSP). In this application, the emission ratio between the core and the shell emission is used to determine the oxygen partial pressure and therefore the atmospheric pressure of the NC environment.
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Dong, Shuping. "Effects of acid hydrolysis conditions on cellulose nanocrystal yield and properties: A response surface methodology study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78102.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are frequently prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of a purified cellulose starting material. CNC yields, however, are generally low, often below 20%. This study employs response surface methodology to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for maximum CNC yield. Two experimental designs were tested and compared: the central composite design (CCD) and the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The three factors for the experimental design were acid concentration, hydrolysis temperature, and hydrolysis time. The responses quantified were CNC yield, sulfate group density, ζ-potential, z-average diameter, and Peak 1 value. The CCD proved suboptimal for this purpose because of the extreme reaction conditions at some of its corners, specifically (1,1,1) and (–1,–1, –1). Both models predicted maximum CNC yields in excess of 65% at similar sulfuric acid concentrations (~59 wt %) and hydrolysis temperatures (~65 °C). With the BBD, the hydrolysis temperature for maximum yield lay slightly outside the design space. All three factors were statistically significant for CNC yield with the CCD, whereas with the BBD, the hydrolysis time in the range 60–150 min was statistically insignificant. With both designs, the sulfate group density was a linear function of the acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature and maximal at the highest acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature of the design space. Both designs showed the hydrolysis time to be statistically insignificant for the ζ-potential of CNCs and yielded potentially data-overfitting regression models. With the BBD, the acid concentration significantly affected both the z-average diameter and Peak 1 value of CNCs. However, whereas the z-average diameter was more strongly affected by the hydrolysis temperature than the hydrolysis time, the Peak 1 value was more strongly affected by the hydrolysis time. The CCD did not yield a valid regression model for the Peak 1 data and a potentially data-overfitting model for the z-average diameter data. A future optimization study should use the BBD but slightly higher hydrolysis temperatures and shorter hydrolysis times than used with the BBD in this study (45–65 °C and 60–150 min, respectively).
Master of Science
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Lin, Stephanie J. "Bioreneweable polymer nanocomposites: A study of the design space available for cellulose nanocrystal/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) nanocomposites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52214.

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This research is directed toward determining the design space that is available for cellulose nanocrystals /poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(CNC/PHB) composites. In order to develop this understanding, the processing-structure-properties relationships of CNC/PHB nanocomposites were examined at several different steps in a stepwise processing method. The as-processed morphology of solvent cast (SC) and anti-solvent compression molded (ASCM) samples were examined using DSC, optical microscopy and ATR-FTIR and the effect of processing and CNC addition on the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization was examined using DSC, hot stage microscopy, and a novel fast scanning chip calorimeter, the Flash DSC. Results show that the addition of water during SC processing significantly reduced the rate of crystallization at both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. This reduction in crystallization rate was due to the presence of water suppressed the intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Results from the experimenters performed also indicated CNCs act as a nucleating agent. Even though the overall kinetics of crystallization was increased with CNC addition, the growth rate of the spherulites was reduced with the addition of CNCs. Mechanical characterization of the ASCM and SC-EtOH samples showed that the differences in viscoelastic behavior with CNC addition for the ASCM samples but not the SC-EtOH samples. Also the strain to failure of both processing methods was increased with CNC addition. The knowledge that was obtained from this work can be used when designing processing protocols and heat treatments for PHB-based nanocomposites materials to allow greater control over crystallization processes and mechanical properties expanding opportunities for materials design.
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Eley, Clive William. "The rational design of photocatalytic semiconductor nanocrystals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee29c922-857c-432a-8316-a7e04c822b1d.

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This thesis reports the successful rational design of three highly active photocatalytic semiconductor nanocrystal (SNC) systems by exploiting morphology effects and the electronic properties of type II semiconductor heterojunctions. Novel architectures of colloidal SNCs are produced with the aim of suppressing exciton recombination and improving charge extraction for the successful initiation of desirable redox chemistry. Rod-shaped niobium pentoxide Nb2O5 nanocrystals (NCs) are shown to exhibit significantly enhanced activity (10-fold increase in rate constant) relative to spherical-shaped NCs of the same material. The increase is attributed to Nb5+ Lewis acid site rich (001) surfaces, present in higher proportions in the rod morphology, which bind organic substrates from solution resulting in direct interaction with photogenerated charges on the surface of the NC. Building on the insights into morphology-activity dependence, type II semiconductor heterojunctions are exploited for their ability to increase exciton lifetimes and spatially separate charges. Two novel II-VI heterostructured semiconductor nanocrystals (HSNCs) systems are investigated: a series of CdX/ZnO (X = S, Se, Te) HSNCs and ZnS/ZnO HSNCs capped with two different surface ligands. In the first case, substantial photocatalytic activity improvement is observed for HSNCs (relative to pure ZnO analogues) according to the following trend: CdTe/ZnO > CdS/ZnO > CdSe/ZnO. The observed trend is explained in terms of heterojunction structure and fundamental chalcogenide chemistry. In the second case, both ZnS/ZnO HSNCs exhibit activity enhancement over analogous pure ZnO, but the degree of enhancement is found to be a function of surface ligand chemistry. Photocatalytic activity testing of all the materials investigated in this work is performed via the photodecomposition of methylene blue dye in aerated aqueous conditions under UVA (350 nm) irradiation. The synthetic techniques employed for the synthesis of colloidal SNCs investigated in this thesis range from chemical precipitation and solvothermal techniques to several different organometallic approaches. A wide variety of analytical techniques are employed for the chemical, structural and optical characterisation of SNC photocatalysts including: XRD, XPS, TEM, UV-vis absorption, PL spectroscopy and FTIR. Atom Probe Tomography (APT) is employed for the first time in the structural characterisation of II-VI heterojunctions in colloidal HSNCs. Overall, this thesis provides a useful contribution to the growing body of knowledge pertaining to the enhancement of photocatalytic SNCs for useful applications including: solar energy conversion to chemical fuels, the photodecomposition of pollutants and light-driven synthetic chemistry.
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Sayevich, Uladzimir. "Synthesis, Surface Design and Assembling of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-209074.

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The work presented in the thesis is focused on the synthesis of diverse colloidal semiconductor NCs in organic media, their surface design with tiny inorganic and hybrid capping species in solution phase, and subsequent assembling of these NC building units into two-dimensional close-packed thin-films and three-dimensional non-ordered porous superstructures.
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Cordero, Hernández José Manuel. "Synthesis of derivatizable semiconductor nanocrystals through rational ligand design, and applications thereof." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107554.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-145).
Over the last decade, the synthesis methods of colloidal nanocrystals have advanced at an astonishing rate, producing particles that are chemically stable, monodisperse, and, in the case of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), immensely bright. Inorganic nanocrystals linked to functional organic or biological molecules have recently emerged as a new class of nanomaterials for generating highly efficient devices, and sensing agents for a broad range of advanced applications. A key step in the synthesis of these constructs involves transforming the chemistry of the surface from that generated by the nanocrystals synthesis conditions (high boiling-point and hydrophobic solvent environment) to one possessesing the appropriate functional groups for derivatization and that is compatible with the intended final application. Here, we describe the synthesis of a series of organic ligands that modify the surface in that manner. The first ligand exhibits a norbornene functional group and binds strongly to the surface of colloidal nanocrystallites during particle synthesis, eliminating the need for ligand exchange and enabling large-scale production of high quality derivatizable nanomaterials. This ligand is compatible with state-of-the-art synthesis methods of a large variety of semiconductor nanocrystallites, including PbS, CdSe/CdS, and InAs/CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoparticles. Applications that make use of the norbornene click-chemistry functionality will be presented, along with efforts to preserve the high quantum yield and colloidal stability in water. We also introduce a bidentate carboxylate-based ligand as part of an effort to enhance the quality of QDs through the chelate effect. This ligands enhances the PLQY at high temperature, as a result of surface-related trap state passivation. Finally, we describe the synthesis of a new functional group for generating derivatizable-QDs that can be easily copolymerized with the polyimidazole ligand (PIL), and that is reactive with tetrazine and, upon thermal activation, with thiols to form stable bioconjugates.
by José Manuel Cordero Hernández.
Ph. D.
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Sun, Qingbo. "Defect Design, Chemical Synthesis and Associated Properties of Multifunctional TiO2-Based Nanocrystals." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139617.

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Local defect structures are significant to determine material properties since defects introduced into host materials would affect the local/average crystal environments and thus lead to a change of macroscopic physicochemical performances. The intentional design of specific local defects not only depends on the selected synthesis method and preparation process but also relies on the selected dopant or co-dopant ions. A deep understanding of the intrinsic relationships between local defect structures, chemical synthesis and associated properties is thought as one major framework of material genome plan. It also pushes the design, development and application of novel multifunctional materials. Based on local defect structural design coupled with new synthesis strategies, indium and niobium co-doped anatase titanium oxide nanocrystals are synthesized. It is experimentally demonstrated that the dual mechanisms of nucleation and diffusion doping are responsible for the synergistic incorporation of indium difficult-dopants and niobium easy-dopants, and theoretically evidenced that the local defect structures created by indium, niobium co-dopants, reduced titanium and oxygen vacancies are composed of defect clusters and defect pairs. These introduced local defect structures act as nucleation centres of baddeleyite- and lead oxide-like metastable polymorphic phases and induce an abnormal trans-regime structural transition of co-doped anatase titanium oxide nanocrystals under high pressure. Furthermore, these small co-doped nanocrystals can be used as raw materials to manufacture titania-based ceramic capacitors designed in terms of electron-pinned defect dipole mechanism. The sintering temperature is thus lowered to 1200 °C, which conquers the technological bottleneck using this material. To develop the third generation of high-efficient visible light catalysts, nitrogen and niobium co-doped anatase titania nanocrystals are synthesized. Experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that the formation of highly concentrated defect-pairs is key to significantly enhance visible light catalytic efficiency. In further combination of local defect structural design and the exploration of new synthesis strategies, anatase nanocrystals containing nitrogen and reduced titanium ions are synthesized. The formation of local defect clusters is demonstrated to play an important role on the obvious enhancement of Rhodamine B degradation efficiency under only visible light illumination. It is thus unveiled that a fundamental understanding of the functions of local defect structures and a well-controlled synthetic strategy are critical to develop highly efficient visible light catalysts with unprecedented photocatalytic performances. Through these systematic investigations, it is concluded that local defect structures generated by introduced co-dopants are complicated in strong-correlated titania systems and differ from case to case. A major difficulty to efficiently introduce difficult-dopant ions such as nitrogen and indium at high concentrations is solved. Two high-efficient visible light catalysts are achieved for environmental remediation by using the clean and renewable solar energy; and one raw material for manufacturing new ceramic capacitors and new metastable polymorphic phases is provided. The discussion on the doping mechanisms, the defect formation and their associated impacts on material performances will not only benefit the future development of physical chemistry, material science and defect chemistry, but also opens a new route to design novel multifunctional materials based on local defect structure design.
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Muley, Amol. "Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured metallic zinc and zinc oxide." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39101538.

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Guhrenz, Chris, Vladimir Sayevich, Florian Weigert, Eileen Hollinger, Annett Reichhelm, Ute Resch-Genger, Nikolai Gaponik, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Transfer of Inorganic-Capped Nanocrystals into Aqueous Media." American Chemical Society, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33352.

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We report on a novel and simple approach to surface ligand design of CdSe-based nanocrystals (NCs) with biocompatible, heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. This method provides high transfer yields of the NCs into aqueous media with preservation of the narrow and symmetric emission bands of the initial organic-capped NCs regardless of their interior crystal structure and surface chemistry. The PEG-functionalized NCs show small sizes, high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 75%, as well as impressive optical and colloidal stability. This universal approach is applied to different fluorescent nanomaterials (CdSe/CdS, CdSe/CdSCdxZn1–xS, and CdSe/CdS/ZnS), extending the great potential of organic-capped NCs for biological applications.
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Books on the topic "Nanocrystal Design"

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Ellingson, Randy J. Development of novel nanocrystal-based solar cell to exploit multiple exciton generation. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nanocrystal Design"

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Awang, N. W., Sakinah Hisham, D. Ramasamy, K. Kadirgama, and Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman. "Statistical Approach to the Cellulose Nanocrystal Tribological Behavior on the Piston Liner Contact Using Full Factorial Design (FFD)." In Proceedings of the 2nd Energy Security and Chemical Engineering Congress, 351–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4425-3_31.

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Roman, Maren, Shuping Dong, Anjali Hirani, and Yong Woo Lee. "Cellulose Nanocrystals for Drug Delivery." In Polysaccharide Materials: Performance by Design, 81–91. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1017.ch004.

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Mulvaney, Paul, and Luis M. Liz-Marzán. "Rational Material Design Using Au Core-Shell Nanocrystals." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 225–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36408-0_8.

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Yang, Ping. "SiO2Particles with Functional Nanocrystals: Design and Fabrication for Biomedical Applications." In Integrated Biomaterials for Biomedical Technology, 145–252. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118482513.ch5.

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Reiss, Peter, Julia de Girolamo, and Adam Pron. "Organically Functionalized Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties and System Design for Optoelectronic Applications." In The Supramolecular Chemistry of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials, 155–95. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470552704.ch5.

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Renuga, V., and C. Neela Mohan. "Design, Synthesis, and Properties of I-III-VI2 Chalcogenide-Based Core-Multishell Nanocrystals." In Core/Shell Quantum Dots, 29–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46596-4_2.

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Suarez, Adrian, Jorge Victoria, Jose Torres, Pedro A. Martinez, Andrea Amaro, and Julio Martos. "Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cores for EMI Suppression in Cables." In Nanocrystals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96694.

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Electromagnetic interferences (EMI) can cause different kinds of problems in digital and analog systems, leading to malfunctions, system reboots, or even permanent damage to the system if this is not adequately designed or protected. Nowadays, most electronic products are connected to the main power network or are designed to be interconnected with others through cables. These cable interconnections are becoming more difficult due to the rigid restrictions related to the accomplishment of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance. When the cables of a system represent an EMI source, it cannot pass the conducted or radiated emissions test. A widely used technique to reduce these problems is applying an EMI suppressor such as a sleeve core. This EMI suppressor provides selective attenuation of undesired interference components that the designer may wish to suppress, and it does not significantly affect the intended signal. This contribution focuses on analyzing different nanocrystalline (NC) EMI suppressors’ performance intended for attenuating interferences in cables. Some NC novel samples are characterized and compare to MnZn and NiZn cores to determine this novel material’s effectiveness compared to the conventional ceramic solutions by analyzing samples with different dimensions.
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Aslan, Mikail, and Cengiz Bozada. "The Structures of Rare-Earth Hexaborides." In Rare-Earth Metal Hexaborides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, 43–62. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815124576123010005.

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The structures of rare-earth hexaborides can be nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, nano-obelisks, nanocubes, nanocrystals and nanocons. These types of structures indicate superior properties, such as excellent mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. For these reasons, they are used in thermionic materials, electrical coating for resistors, sensors, and high-energy optical systems. Furthermore, their low work functions make them special for the design of optical devices, such as a cathode substance for cold (field) emission.
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Carissimi, Guzmán, Mercedes G. Montalbán, Marta G. Fuster, and Gloria Víllora. "Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems." In Nanostructured Materials - Classification, Growth, Simulation, Characterization, and Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100253.

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This chapter presents a review on the design of nanoparticles which have been proposed as drug delivery systems in biomedicine. It will begin with a brief historical review of nanotechnology including the most common types of nanoparticles (metal nanoparticles, liposomes, nanocrystals and polymeric nanoparticles) and their advantages as drug delivery systems. These advantages include the mechanism of increased penetration and retention, the transport of insoluble drugs and the controlled release. Next, the nanoparticle design principles and the routes of administration of nanoparticles (parental, oral, pulmonary and transdermal) are discussed. Different routes of elimination of nanoparticles (renal and hepatic) are also analyzed.
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de Carvalho, Kelly C. Coelho, Sérgio Roberto Montoro, Maria Odila Hilário Cioffi, and Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Nanobiocomposites With Cellulose Nanocrystals." In Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Nanocomposite Systems, 261–85. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-39408-6.00012-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nanocrystal Design"

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Lu, Qi, Pieter Geiregat, Zeger Hens, and Dries Van Thourhout. "Design of integrated nanocrystal light sources." In 2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pho.2011.6110654.

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Murray, Christopher B., Daniel Rosen, Shengsong Yang, Yifan Ning, Cherie R. Kagan, Emanuel Marino, and Zhiqiao Jiang. "The design of multifunctional nanomaterials through size and shape controlled nanocrystal self-assembly." In Internet NanoGe Conference on Nanocrystals. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.incnc.2021.056.

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Borshch, A., M. Brodyn, V. Volkov, V. Lyakhovetski, V. Rudenko, A. Semenov, and V. Pusikov. "Synthesis and study of structure and nonlinear optical properties of silicon carbide nanocrystal films." In Optical Systems Design, edited by Norbert Kaiser, Michel Lequime, and H. Angus Macleod. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.797627.

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Molas, G., M. Bocquet, J. Buckley, H. Grampeix, J. P. Colonna, L. Masarotto, F. Martin, et al. "Integration of Silicon Nanocrystal Memory Arrays with HfAlOx Based Interpoly Dielectric." In 2008 Joint Non-Volatile Semiconductor Memory Workshop and International Conference on Memory Technology and Design. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nvsmw.2008.25.

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Nowak, E., L. Perniola, C. Jahan, P. Scheiblin, G. Reimbold, B. De Salvo, F. Boulanger, and G. Ghibaudo. "On the Influence of Fin Corner Rounding in 3D Nanocrystal Flash Memories." In 2008 Joint Non-Volatile Semiconductor Memory Workshop and International Conference on Memory Technology and Design. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nvsmw.2008.24.

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Banerjee, W., and S. Maikap. "High-k Hf-Based Nanocrystal Memory Capacitors with IrOx Metal Gate for NAND Application." In 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Memory Technology, Design, and Testing (MTDT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtdt.2009.15.

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Yater, Jane, S. T. Kang, C. M. Hong, B. Min, D. Kolar, K. Loiko, J. Shen, et al. "First-ever high-performance, low-power 32-bit microcontrollers with embedded nanocrystal flash and enhanced EEPROM memories." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on IC Design & Technology (ICICDT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicdt.2012.6232858.

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Kang, Sung-Taeg, Jane Yater, Cheongmin Hong, James Shen, Nicole Ellis, Matthew Herrick, Horacio Gasquet, Wendy Malloch, and Gowrishankar Chindalore. "Si Nanocrystal Split Gate Technology Optimization for High Performance and Reliable Embedded Microcontroller Applications." In 2008 Joint Non-Volatile Semiconductor Memory Workshop and International Conference on Memory Technology and Design. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nvsmw.2008.23.

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Schinke, Daniel, Wallace Shep Pitts, Neil Di Spigna, and Paul Franzon. "Low power interconnect design for fpgas with bidirectional wiring using nanocrystal floating gate devices (abstract only)." In the 19th ACM/SIGDA international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1950413.1950465.

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Xu, Shiyou, and Yong Shi. "Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of PZT Nanofibers." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87660.

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This paper reports the measurement of the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr52Ti48O3, PZT) nanofibers. Partially aligned PZT nanofibers were fabricated by sol-gel electrospinning process. The diameters of the fiber were tuned from 50 to 150 nm by changing the concentration of the sol-gel in the precursor. The fiber consists of nanocrystal grains with average grain size of 10 nm. The Young’s modulus of individual fiber was obtained by nanoscale three-point bending using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), which was 42.99GPa. Titanium strip was used as the substrate to collect the nanofibers for the three-point bending test to measure the piezoelectric response. The output voltages from the nanofibers under different strain were recorded by Labview, and the highest value of the output voltage was 0.17±0.005V. These results have shown that PZT nanofibers have great potential in nano sensor and actuator applications.
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