Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nanocatalysi

Academic literature on the topic 'Nanocatalysi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nanocatalysi"

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Ma, Xiaohua, Dehua Deng, Ning Xia, Yuanqiang Hao, and Lin Liu. "Electrochemical Immunosensors with PQQ-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes as Signal Labels for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071757.

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Nanocatalysts are a promising alternative to natural enzymes as the signal labels of electrochemical biosensors. However, the surface modification of nanocatalysts and sensor electrodes with recognition elements and blockers may form a barrier to direct electron transfer, thus limiting the application of nanocatalysts in electrochemical immunoassays. Electron mediators can accelerate the electron transfer between nanocatalysts and electrodes. Nevertheless, it is hard to simultaneously achieve fast electron exchange between nanocatalysts and redox mediators as well as substrates. This work presents a scheme for the design of electrochemical immunosensors with nanocatalysts as signal labels, in which pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is the redox-active center of the nanocatalyst. PQQ was decorated on the surface of carbon nanotubes to catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) with ferrocenylmethanol (FcM) as the electron mediator. With prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the model analyte, the detection limit of the sandwich-type immunosensor was found to be 5 pg/mL. The keys to success for this scheme are the slow chemical reaction between TCEP and ferricinum ions, and the high turnover frequency between ferricinum ions, PQQ. and TCEP. This work should be valuable for designing of novel nanolabels and nanocatalytic schemes for electrochemical biosensors.
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Roknabadi, Reza, Ali Akbar Mirzaei, and Hossein Atashi. "Assessment of composition and calcination parameters in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe–Mn–Ce/γ-Al2O3 nanocatalyst." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020089.

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The effects of nanocatalyst composition and calcination parameters on the performance of the Fe–Mn–Ce ternary nanocatalysts supported on alumina granules in a laboratory fixed bed microreactor have been evaluated. Nanocatalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation under vacuum method (simultaneous impregnation of metal species). The samples used for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The optimum nanocatalyst composition for production of light olefins (C=2 – C=4) from synthesis gas is 75 wt%Fe–20 wt%Mn–5 wt%Ce. The calcination parameters (temperature, time and atmosphere) were investigated and their effects on the structure and performance of the nanocatalysts were determined. The maximum ratio of olefins/(methane + paraffin) and the best activity and selectivity belonged to the nanocatalyst which was calcined in static air at 500 °C for 7 h. The nanocatalyst precursors and calcined samples (fresh and used) were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, FE‒SEM, EDAX, MAP, TG, DSC, and H2–TPR. The present study results confirm that the structural, morphological and physic-chemical properties of the nanocatalyst have been impressed with metal species and calcination parameters.
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Pakdehi, Shahram Ghanbari, Maryam Rasoolzadeh, and Reihaneh Zolfaghari. "Synthesize and Investigation of the Catalytic Behavior of Ir/γ-Al2O3 Nanocatalyst." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.163.

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Hydrazine is an interesting reducing agent which is used in considerable number of different industrial catalytic applications including gas generators, pure hydrogen production for electric fuel cells and monopropellant thrusters. Hydrazine is a highly reactive molecule that decomposes at low temperature on many metal surfaces e. g. iridium, rhodium and tungsten. But the standard commercial catalyst used for decomposition of hydrazine is shell 405 which contents from high metallic content of iridium supported on gamma alumina. In the present study, iridium nanocatalysts based on gamma alumina with metallic content of 20 wt% have been synthesized by the incipient wetness impregnation using H2IrCl6.xH2O as precursor. The pretreatment effects on the metallic accessibility on the Ir/γ-Al2O3 have been evaluated. After ionic exchange, impregnated supports were calcined in air flow and the n followed by reduction in hydrogen flow. The prepared nanocatalyst has been identified using specific surface measurement (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic mechanism was also briefly discussed. The main goal of this work is prepare, characterize, and determine the nanocatalytic behavior of iridium supported on gamma alumina in decomposition of hydrazine process. The results of this study show that the performance of synthesizes nanocatalyst is suitable for decomposition of hydrazine; however it is need of further investigation. The results indicate that however our synthesized nanocatalyst demonstrates a good job in hydrazine decomposition; some promoters had yet to be tested due to enhancement of economic efficiency.
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Cho, Kie Yong, Yong Sik Yeom, Heun Young Seo, Pradip Kumar, Albert S. Lee, Kyung-Youl Baek, and Ho Gyu Yoon. "Ionic block copolymer doped reduced graphene oxide supports with ultra-fine Pd nanoparticles: strategic realization of ultra-accelerated nanocatalysis." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 41 (2015): 20471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06076a.

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Yang, Fan, Dehui Deng, Xiulian Pan, Qiang Fu, and Xinhe Bao. "Understanding nano effects in catalysis." National Science Review 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv024.

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Abstract Catalysis, as a key and enabling technology, plays an increasingly important role in fields ranging from energy, environment and agriculture to health care. Rational design and synthesis of highly efficient catalysts has become the ultimate goal of catalysis research. Thanks to the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, and in particular a theoretical understanding of the tuning of electronic structure in nanoscale systems, this element of design is becoming possible via precise control of nanoparticles’ composition, morphology, structure and electronic states. At the same time, it is important to develop tools for in situ characterization of nanocatalysts under realistic reaction conditions, and for monitoring the dynamics of catalysis with high spatial, temporal and energy resolution. In this review, we discuss confinement effects in nanocatalysis, a concept that our group has put forward and developed over several years. Taking the confined catalytic systems of carbon nanotubes, metal-confined nano-oxides and 2D layered nanocatalysts as examples, we summarize and analyze the fundamental concepts, the research methods and some of the key scientific issues involved in nanocatalysis. Moreover, we present a perspective on the challenges and opportunities in future research on nanocatalysis from the aspects of: (1) controlled synthesis of nanocatalysts and rational design of catalytically active centers; (2) in situ characterization of nanocatalysts and dynamics of catalytic processes; (3) computational chemistry with a complexity approximating that of experiments; and (4) scale-up and commercialization of nanocatalysts.
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Liu, Xiaodong, Tao Chen, and Weilin Xu. "Revealing the thermodynamics of individual catalytic steps based on temperature-dependent single-particle nanocatalysis." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 39 (2019): 21806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04538d.

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Hamied, Ramzy S., Khalid A. Sukkar, Hasan Shakir Majdi, Zainb Y. Shnain, Mohammed Shorbaz Graish, and Luma H. Mahmood. "Catalytic-Level Identification of Prepared Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY Nanocatalysts on the Reforming Reactions of N-Heptane." Processes 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010270.

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The operation of reforming catalysts in a fixed bed reactor undergoes a high level of interaction between the operating parameters and the reaction mechanism. Understanding such an interaction reduces the catalyst deactivation rate. In the present work, three kinds of nanocatalysts (i.e., Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY) were synthesized. The catalysts’ performances were evaluated for n-heptane reactions in the fixed bed reactor. The operating conditions applied were the following: 1 bar pressure, WHSV of 4, hydrogen/n-heptane ratio of 4, and the reaction temperatures of 425, 450, 475, 500, and 525 °C. The optimal reaction temperature for all three types of nanocatalysts to produce high-quality isomers and aromatic hydrocarbons was 500 °C. Accordingly, the nanocatalyst Pt-Zn/HY provided the highest catalytic selectivity for the desired hydrocarbons. Moreover, the Pt-Zn/HY-nanocatalyst showed more resistance against catalyst deactivation in comparison with the other two types of nanocatalysts (Pt/HY and Pt-Rh/HY). This work offers more understanding for the application of nanocatalysts in the reforming process in petroleum refineries with high performance and economic feasibility.
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Gao, Yan, Tao Luan, Shitao Zhang, Wenchao Jiang, Wenchen Feng, and Haolin Jiang. "Comprehensive Comparison between Nanocatalysts of Mn−Co/TiO2 and Mn−Fe/TiO2 for NO Catalytic Conversion: An Insight from Nanostructure, Performance, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020175.

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The nanocatalysts of Mn−Co/TiO2 and Mn−Fe/TiO2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method and comprehensively compared from nanostructures, catalytic performance, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The physicochemical properties of the nanocatalysts were analyzed by N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the multiple characterizations performed on Mn−Co/TiO2 and Mn−Fe/TiO2 nanocatalysts, it can be confirmed that the catalytic properties were decidedly dependent on the phase compositions of the nanocatalysts. The Mn−Co/TiO2 sample presented superior structure characteristics than Mn−Fe/TiO2, with the increased surface area, the promoted active components distribution, the diminished crystallinity, and the reduced nanoparticle size. Meanwhile, the Mn4+/Mnn+ ratios in the Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalyst were higher than Mn−Fe/TiO2, which further confirmed the better oxidation ability and the larger amount of Lewis acid sites and Bronsted acid sites on the sample surface. Compared to Mn−Fe/TiO2 nanocatalyst, Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalyst displayed the preferable catalytic property with higher catalytic activity and stronger selectivity in the temperature range of 75–250 °C. The results of mechanism and kinetic study showed that both Eley-Rideal mechanism and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism reactions contributed to selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3-SCR) over Mn−Fe/TiO2 and Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalysts. In this test condition, the NO conversion rate of Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalyst was always higher than that of Mn−Fe/TiO2. Furthermore, comparing the reaction between doping transition metal oxides and NH3, the order of temperature−Gibbs free energy under the same reaction temperature is as follows: Co3O4 < CoO < Fe2O3 < Fe3O4, which was exactly consistent with nanostructure characterization and NH3-SCR performance. Meanwhile, the activity difference of MnOx exhibited in reducibility properties and Ellingham Diagrams manifested the promotion effects of cobalt and iron dopings. Generally, it might offer a theoretical method to select superior doping metal oxides for NO conversion by comprehensive comparing the catalytic performance with the insight from nanostructure, catalytic performance, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamics.
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R, Sandhya, Velavan R, and Ravichandran J. "Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, no. 12 (December 22, 2016): 5798–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i12.7343.

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Biodiesel has its unique position in the field of renewable energy as alternate fuel to diesel due to fuel price, energy requirement and petroleum crisis. In this study, biodiesel was produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Copper doped Zinc Oxide (CZO) nanocatalysts. The synthesized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). Design of experiment was framed using Taguchi method to limit the experiments and to find the optimum reaction conditions. The effect of process parameters such as oil-to-methanol ratio (O/M), catalyst type, catalyst concentration, temperature and time on the transesterification reactions using characterized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalyst were investigated. The 4% (weight /weight) nanocatalyst concentration, 1:5 Oil to methanol molar ratio at 60°C temperature and 40 minutes of reaction time were found to be optimum, in which the maximum biodiesel yield of 98 % (w/w) was obtained. Hence it was determined that nanocatalysts exhibited good catalytic activities on biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO).
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Jang, Sanha, Dicky Annas, Sehwan Song, Jong-Seong Bae, Sungkyun Park, and Kang Hyun Park. "Non-Solvent Synthesis of a Robust Potassium-Doped PdCu-Pd-Cu@C Nanocatalyst for High Selectively Tandem Reactions." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101191.

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A non-solvent synthesis of alkali metal-doped PdCu-Pd-Cu@C is presented that needs no mechanical grinding and utilizes heat treatment under an N2 gas flow. Pluronic® F127 is used to generate pores and a high surface area, and tannic acid is used as a carbon source for the PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalysts. Because some C is transferred to organic compounds during the nitrogen heat treatment, this demonstrated the advantage of raising the weight ratio of active metals comparatively. The PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalyst developed in this study outperformed commercial Pd/C catalysts by bimetallic PdCu-Pd-Cu nanoparticles and Pd nanoparticles in terms of catalytic activity (selectivity of commercial Pd/C: 45%; PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalyst: 76%). The alkali metal dopants increase the selectivity of the final product on the PdCu-Pd-Cu@C surface because they are electron-rich, which assists in the adsorption of the substrate (selectivity of PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalyst: 76%; K-doped PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalysts: 90%). Furthermore, even after being reused 5 times in this research, the final catalytic performance was comparable to that of the initial catalyst.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanocatalysi"

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Vivien, Anthony. "Complexes de cobalt(I) : synthèse raisonnée de nanocristaux mono- ou bimétalliques et applications catalytiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS235.

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L’univers de la nanocatalyse reste encore un domaine peu exploré notamment à cause de la difficulté de pouvoir synthétiser de manière simple et contrôlée les nanoparticules et de la mise en place d’un système réactionnel adaptable à ce type de catalyse hétérogène. Dans ces travaux de thèse nous montrons qu’il est possible d’obtenir des nanoparticules de cobalt hc en partant du complexe CoCl(PPh3)3 facile d’accès et en le chauffant simplement dans l’oléylamine. Le mécanisme de synthèse basé sur la dismutation de ce complexe de cobalt(I) a été prouvé par des études expérimentales et théoriques. Nous montrons également qu’il est possible de contrôler la taille et la forme de ces nanoparticules en changeant certains paramètres de réactions comme la durée ou la nature du précurseur métallique. De plus, en appliquant ce protocole à d’autres métaux (notamment le nickel) nous avons réussi à obtenir des nanoparticules et également à former des alliages bimétalliques CoxNi1-x. Nos nanoparticules ont été utilisées dans des réactions d’hydrogénations et de transferts d’hydrogène en présence de NH3BH3 (principalement sur des alcynes) et ont montré leur efficacité tant au niveau des conversions que sur la sélectivité. Nous avons pu comparer ces résultats avec ceux obtenus en phase homogène en partant de différents complexes de cobalt. Une étude approfondie de cette catalyse homogène a été faite, montrant une fois encore l’efficacité du cobalt (tant sous la forme de nanoparticules que de complexes) sur les réactions d’hydrogénation et de transfert d’hydrogène. Ces résultats ouvrent de grandes perspectives quant à l’utilisation des métaux non nobles pour le stockage et l’utilisation du dihydrogène, permettant un accès plus simple vers des applications dans le domaine de l’énergie
Nanocatalysis universe is a field which is yet to be explored, especially because of the difficult access to simple and well-controlled nanoparticles and their uses in heterogeneous catalyzed reactions. In this work, we show that it is possible to obtain hcp cobalt nanoparticles starting from the easily accessible CoCl(PPh3)3 and by simply heating it in oleylamine. The mechanism of this reaction based on the disproportionation of the cobalt(I) was proved by experimental and theoretical studies. We also demonstrate that it is possible to control the size and the shape of those nanoparticles by changing some parameters like the reaction time or the nature of the organometallic precursor. Moreover, by using the same protocol with other metals (especially nickel) we were able to obtain nanoparticles and then to form CoxNi1-x bimetallic alloys. Our nanoparticles were used for hydrogenation and hydrogen transfer reactions in presence of NH3BH3 (mainly on alkynes) giving good conversions and selectivities. We then compare those results with homogeneous catalysis, using different cobalt complexes. We made an in-depth study of this homogeneous catalysis which shows once again the efficiency of cobalt (as nanoparticles or organometallic complexes) on hydrogenations and hydrogen transfers. Those results offer new opportunities concerning the use of non-noble metals for the storage and the use of dihydrogen, allowing easier access towards energy applications
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Giorgi, Pascal. "Nouvelles réactions à économie d'atomes et d'étapes basées sur la catalyse par des nanoparticules d'or et la multicatalyse. Applications dans la synthèse de chimie fine et des odorants." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4127.

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L'élaboration de méthodes de synthèse, basées sur l’utilisation d’espèces métalliques a été un sujet de tous les instances en chimie organique. Malgré l’efficacité des métaux utilisés en catalyse homogènes, leurs procédures de recyclage restent limitées. Ce pourquoi, une contrainte supplémentaire a été placée dans la conception de catalyseurs, pouvant offrir à la fois l'efficacité de la catalyse homogène et le recyclage de l’hétérogène. Dans ce contexte, les nanoparticules métalliques sont apparues comme objet phare, en raison de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques inégalées. On a découvert que les nanoparticules de métaux nobles présentaient des propriétés catalytiques similaires dans certains cas, aux complexes monoatomiques. De plus, les Au NPs ont montré une activité catalytique remarquable dans l'oxydation d’alcools activés sous O2. Nous avons donc envisagé des procédures multicatalytiques, basées sur les NPs d’Au. Notre choix d'utiliser des catalyseurs solides était pertinent, puisque les nano-catalyseurs, pour lesquels la fraction de sites actifs se trouve en surface, limitent les risques de cross-quenching. Ici, nous présentons trois nouveaux procédés bicatalytiques permettant l’accès, à des chromenes/quinoléines (53-93%) via une oxydation / Michael Addition/ aldolisation, combinant nanocatalyse et catalyse basique, l’accès à des ortho-THC (50-81%) via oxydation / arylation / cyclisation, combinant nanocatalyse et catalyse supportée, ainsi qu’une une oxydation / hydrolyse en cascade, pour accéder à l’HMLA (86%, sel 93%), un grand panel de produits d'activité biologique reconnue, utilisé en parfumerie ou visant une pré-industrialisation via la chimie en flux continu
Elaboration of synthetic methods based on metal-catalyzed reactions has been a hot topic in organic chemistry. Despite good efficiency, catalysis proceeding homogeneously, are limited in the operation of recovering/recycling of the catalysts. An important stress was placed to design catalysis, offering both the efficiency of homogeneous catalysts and the recyclability of heterogeneous catalysts. In this context, metal nanoparticles merged as a key tool, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Notably, Au NPs have shown remarkable catalytic activity in the oxidation of activated alcohols under O2 atmosphere. Since now, the access to more complex molecules is the next step forward for this field, we envisioned multicatalytic roads, based on the oxidation of activated alcohols via supported Au NPs. Our choice of using solid catalysts was relevant, since nanostructured catalysts for which the fraction of active sites are located on the surface, limit the risk of cross-quenching. The latter carbonyl formed, could be further converted in situ, via tandem protocol. Herein, we developed novel, atom- and step-economical bicatalytic one-pot processes, to access substituted chromenes/quinolines (53-93%) by tandem oxidation/hetero-Michael addition/aldolisation combining nanocatalysis and base catalysis, ortho-THCs (50-81%) via tandem oxidation/arylation/cyclisation combining nanocatalysis and supported catalysts and a tandem cascade oxidation/hydrolysis to access HMLA (86%, sel 93%). A large panel of products of biological activity relevance, pertaining to the fragrance chemistry or aiming in some cases, pre-industrial scalability via continuous flow applications
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Garlyyev, Batyr. "Synthesis and catalytic study of shell-shell, core-shell hollow gold nanocatalysts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54996.

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Metal nanoparticles have a large surface area to volume ratio compared to their bulk counterparts, which makes them attractive to use as catalysts. Atoms on the surface of metal nanoparticles are very active due to their high surface energy resulting from their unsatisfied valency. First synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different shapes and bimetallic structure are explored in detail. Then an experimental method which could distinguish between the two mechanisms (homogeneous or heterogeneous) by using hollow plasmonic gold nanocatalyst is developed. Furthermore the catalytic activity of gold nanocages was changed by adding an inner platinum or palladium nanoshell. Results suggested that adding palladium inner shell increased the activity of gold nanocages towards the reduction nitro groups to amino groups. Controlling the selectivity of the catalyst is an important goal of catalysis research. Lastly selectivity of the plasmonic nanocatalyst (Gold sphere-Gold shell Nanorattles) with multiple plasmon modes was studied for photo-dimerization of nitro groups into azo dimers were studied on gold nanocatalyst surface. Results showed that selectivity can be controlled by changing the wavelength of the light exciting surface plasmon.
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Gaikwad, A. V. "Nanocatalysts properties and applications /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2009. http://dare.uva.nl/document/125006.

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Liu, Qiaoran. "Photocatalytic performance of nanocatalysts." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88099.

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Ling, Huajuan. "Development of Novel Nanocatalysts for Green Chemical Processes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17708.

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The key aim of this thesis was to develop titanium-containing mesoporous catalysts (Ti-MCM-41) and supported Pt catalysts on mesoporous materials (Pt/Al-MCM-41) with specific functionality to direct the target reactions by a green method. Both catalysts have high surface area and size-confined nano-pore to enhance the activity for oxidation reactions. A one-pot room-temperature direct synthesis method was developed for a series of amorphous Ti-MCM-41 with and without Brønsted acid sites (BAS). The investigation was focused on the relationship between the acidity and the formation of surface active sites for cyclohexene oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. The formation of intermediates peroxo-titanium and superoxo-titanium was confirmed by diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies. The relationships between Ti precursors and the local coordination structure of Ti-MCM-41 were investigated and evaluated in cyclohexene oxidation. DRUV-visible and EPR spectroscopies investigation have provided evidence that the nature of the oxo intermediates formed on contact with H2O2 depends on the intrinsic local structure and environment of the Ti ions. Well dispersed and size-confined Pt nanoparticles into Al-MCM-41 were successfully prepared and evaluated in benzyl alcohol oxidation. With a small amount of acidic OH groups covered by Pt particles over Pt/Al-MCM-41 exhibited excellent conversion and selectivity due to the electron transfer between Pt and the supports. The influence of the alkali-treatment of Pt/Al-MCM-41 on the mesoporous structure for benzyl alcohol oxidation was investigated. Alkali-treatment apparently influenced the pore properties and the surface area of the catalysts. The catalysts prepared with acidic supports had higher conversion than those with alkali-treated catalysts.
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Broderick, Meghann. "Characterization of Stabilized Palladium Nanocatalysts." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2201.

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Metal nanoparticles have received much interest for their application in catalysis due to high surface-to-volume ratios resulting in more available active sites. Ideally these catalysts are heterogeneous and allow for facile separation from the catalytic reaction mixture making them ideal for industrial application. Dispersed metal nanoparticles are explored due to their high reactivity in solution and are stabilized by surfactants and polymers. However, it is difficult to determine whether or not a catalyst is truly heterogeneous as a certain degree of leaching from the metal nanoparticle is inevitable. Determining the mechanisms involved in nanocatalysis is also a challenge. In this study, a series of dispersed palladium nanocatalysts in the Suzuki reaction with phenylboronic acid and bromobenzene were characterized before and after catalysis to determine what changes occur. Samples where characterized before and after the catalytic reaction by XPS, SEM, and EDS to monitor changes in particle size and composition. Reaction mixtures after catalysis were analyzed by ICP-MS for leached palladium species to determine if concentrations were high enough for homogeneous catalysis to take place. The dispersed palladium nanoparticles studied experienced growth during the catalytic process and a significant amount of leaching. XPS analysis indicates the presence of aromatic species on the particle surface after the catalytic reaction. The aromatic species is likely biphenyl, the product of the catalytic reaction, as the presence of boron and bromine was not found in XPS and EDS analysis.
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Benkirane, Olivia. "New perspectives in nanocatalysis using design of experiments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665618.

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L’ús de catalitzadors actius y selectius en processos industrials pot minimitzar la formació de residus no reciclables. Entre els procesos catalítics més comuns, la semi-hidrogenació d’alquins en alquens ha sigut objecte d’especial atenció per la seva rellevància en les indústries petroquímica, de polímers i de química fina. La selecció de catalitzadors heterogenis adequats pot millorar la productivitat i evitar problemes de sobre hidrogenació i/o oligomerització. Aquesta tesi tracta de la síntesi i caracterització de nous catalitzadors col•loïdals per la seva aplicació en reaccions d’hidrogenació selectiva utilitzant disseny d’experiments (DOE). Es proposen noves síntesis de nanopartícules de Pd, així com metodologies eficients per la planificació d’experiments, demostració de reproductibilitat i tractament analític de dades de TEM. Es va estudiar la relació estructura-síntesis de nanopartícules utilitzant DOE i es va avaluar l’efecte de diversos paràmetres sobre la mida, distribució i forma de les nanopartícules així com sobre l’eficàcia de la síntesis. Els paràmetres i iteracions clau es van ressaltar obtenint una recepta de nanopartícules col•loïdals ben definides. La impregnació d’aquestes nanopartícules en diversos suports catalítics es va fer utilitzant síntesis d’una i dos etapes, i es va estudiar l’efecte de la immobilització, els paràmetres de síntesis, el suport catalític, el contingut de Pd i la relació de síntesis sobre la mida i dispersió de les nanopartícules. Finalment, es va realitzar un estudi cinètic de la hidrogenació amb 1-octí sobre quatre catalitzadors suportats utilitzant DOE. La concentració de 1-octí, la pressió d’hidrògen i la temperatura es van modificar segons els experiments dissenyats, i tan sols van ser necessaris 24 proves catalítiques per obtenir expressions cinètiques robustes que van permetre comparar el rendiment dels catalitzadors. Aquesta tesi ofereix un anàlisis profund del disseny de nous nanocatalitzadors basats en Pd per a la seva aplicació en reaccions de semi-hidrogenació d’alquins utilitzant metodologies pràctiques i efectives.
El uso de catalizadores activos y selectivos en procesos industriales puede minimizar la formación de residuos no reciclables. Entre los procesos catalíticos más comunes, la semi-hidrogenación de alquinos en alquenos ha sido objeto de especial atención por su relevancia en las industrias petroquímica, de polímeros y de química fina. La selección de catalizadores heterogéneos apropiados puede mejorar la productividad y evitar problemas de sobre hidrogenación y/o oligomerización. Esta tesis trata de la síntesis y caracterización de nuevos catalizadores coloidales para su aplicación en reacciones de hidrogenación selectiva utilizando diseño de experimentos (DOE). Se proponen nuevas síntesis de nanopartículas de Pd, así como metodologías eficientes para la planificación de experimentos, demostración de reproducibilidad y tratamiento analítico de datos de TEM. Se estudió la relación estructura-síntesis de nanopartículas utilizando DOE y se evaluó el efecto de varios parámetros sobre el tamaño, distribución y forma de las nanopartículas así como sobre la eficacia de la síntesis. Los parámetros e interacciones clave se resaltaron obteniendo una receta de nanopartículas coloidales bien definidas. La impregnación de estas nanopartículas en diferentes soportes catalíticos se realizó utilizando síntesis de una y dos etapas y se estudió el efecto de la inmovilización, los parámetros de síntesis, el soporte catalítico, el contenido de Pd y la relación de síntesis sobre el tamaño y dispersión de las NPs. Finalmente, se realizó un estudio cinético de la hidrogenación con 1-octino sobre cuatro catalizadores soportados usando DOE. La concentración de 1-octino, la presión de hidrógeno y la temperatura se modificaron según los experimentos diseñados, y solo fueron necesarias 24 pruebas catalíticas para obtener expresiones cinéticas robustas que permitieron comparar el rendimiento de los catalizadores. Esta tesis ofrece un análisis profundo del diseño de nuevos nanocatalizadores basados en Pd para su aplicación en reacciones de semi-hidrogenación de alquinos utilizando metodologías prácticas y efectivas.
Heterogeneous catalysts offer an essential tool to achieve a suitable use of energy and chemicals. Indeed, the use of active and selective catalysts in industrial processes can minimize the formation of non-recyclable waste. Among the most commonly applied catalytic processes, the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes into alkenes has been the object of particular attention for its relevance in the petrochemicals, polymer and fine chemical industries. Indeed the selection of proper heterogeneous catalysts derives in productivity improvements preventing over-hydrogenation and/or oligomerization issues. The thesis dealt with the synthesis and characterization of novel catalysts prepared by colloidal approach for application in selective hydrogenation reactions using design of experiments methodology (DOE). Novel synthesis of colloidal Pd NPs was proposed as well as efficient methodologies for the experiment planning, reproducibility demonstration and analytical treatment of TEM data. Two NPs structure-synthesis relationship studies were performed using DOE. The effect of several parameters on the NPs size, distribution, shape and synthesis efficiency were assessed. The key parameters and interactions were highlighted and recipe of well-defined colloidal NPs were delivered. Impregnation of these NPs on different catalytic supports was performed using one pot and two-step syntheses. The effect of the immobilization process, parameter of synthesis, catalytic support, Pd content and scale of the synthesis on the NPs size and dispersion were studied. Finally, a kinetic study of the 1-octyne hydrogenation over four supported catalysts was performed using DOE. The 1-octyne concentration, hydrogen pressure and temperature were varied according to designed experiments: only 24 catalytic tests were performed to obtain robust kinetic expressions for the four catalysts. Thanks to these kinetic data, their performances were compared. This thesis offers a deeper analysis on the design of new Pd-based nanocatalysts for application in alkyne semi-hydrogenation reactions using practical and effective methodologies.
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Yu, Bin. "Development of silver nanocatalyst for propylene selective oxidation reaction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f3f0556-bff1-4af1-bfe0-0e62b0425bff.

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Propylene is the second most important starting chemical in the petrochemical industry after ethylene. Unlike ethylene, propylene readily undergoes substitution reactions including polymerisation, oxidation, halogenation, hydrohalogenation, alkylation, hydration, oligomerization and hydroformylation, which lead to a wide variety of important downstream products. One of the principal uses of propylene is to produce key chemicals from selective oxidation. In 2016, the world annual production of propylene is about 94 million tonnes, and the global proportion used to produce selective oxidation product is over 18%. They constitute a key part of the chemical industry and contribute towards substantial economic benefits. The application of Ag based heterogeneous catalysts to selective propylene oxidation is a key factor in the synthesis of nearly all downstream chemicals, however billions of pounds are lost every year due to unplanned reactor shutdown, safety control and environment unfriendly emission control as a results of inefficiency catalytic selectivity and activity. Despite, both theoretical and experimental research works have been intensively involved, the fundamental reason leading to these effects are not yet well understood. The work presented in this thesis explores a range of novel modification techniques that alter the activity of Ag nanocatalysts for selective propylene oxidation, especially in propylene epoxidation. Particular focus is placed on developing surface modified Ag catalysts through morphology control, surface architecture engineering with another sublayer metal. Using a combination of modelling, novel and traditional materials characterisation methods, it is found that these modification result in some significant electronic and/or geometric alterations to the Ag nanoparticles surface. The Ag-Ag bond distance can be dramatically enlarged by exposing a high-index Ag surface or a core-shell structure with monolayer Ag shell. When interacting with molecular oxygen, the molecular oxygen adsorption and dissociation behaviour is sensitive to the geometric changes in Ag surface. This leads to an enhanced selectivity toward propylene epoxidation than combustion resulting from preventing a C-H bond cleavage. Finally, be creating atomically dispersed Ag on zeolite, a completely different interaction between molecular oxygen and single atom Ag were discovered comparing to on a extensive silver surface. This leads to the observation of an excitingly new propylene oxidation reaction producing ethanol and CO2 resulting from C=C bond cleavage. Overall, the research presented within this thesis demonstrated a number of methods for the intelligent design of novel heterogeneous Ag catalysts with remarkable activity and selectivity toward specific selective propylene oxidation. These modification methods are believed to be potentially applicable to a wide range of other catalytic reactions.
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Horecha, Marta, Elisabeth Kaul, Andriy Horechyy, and Manfred Stamm. "Polymer microcapsules loaded with Ag nanocatalyst as active microreactors." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36237.

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We report on the fabrication of a new complex catalytic system composed of silica-supported silver nanoparticles (AgNP) encapsulated inside polymer microcapsules (MC)s. The silver nanocatalyst itself was obtained by reduction of silver salt in the presence of SiO₂ particles acting as AgNP carriers, to provide a complex Ag/SiO₂ catalyst with the Ag surface completely free of capping agents. Ag/SiO₂ particles were enclosed inside the interior of polymer microcapsules. Due to the presence of the hydrophobic shell on the MC surface, catalytic reactions become feasible in an organic solvent environment. On the other hand, the hydrophilic nature of the MC interior forces the water-soluble reactants to concentrate inside the capsules which act as microreactors. Based on the example of catalytically driven reduction of 4-nitrophenol we demonstrate that encapsulated Ag/SiO₂ particles possess enhanced catalytic activity as compared to the catalyst being freely dispersed in reaction medium.
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Books on the topic "Nanocatalysi"

1

Ameta, Keshav Lalit, and Ravi Kant. Nanocatalysis. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003141488.

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Heiz, Ulrich, and Uzi Landman, eds. Nanocatalysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32646-5.

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U, Heiz, and Landman Uzi, eds. Nanocatalysis. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer Heidelberg, 2007.

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Xu, Weilin, Yuwei Zhang, and Tao Chen. Single Particle Nanocatalysis. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527809721.

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Prechtl, Martin H. G., ed. Nanocatalysis in Ionic Liquids. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693283.

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Polshettiwar, Vivek, and Tewodros Asefa, eds. Nanocatalysis Synthesis and Applications. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118609811.

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Asefa, Tewodros, and Vivek Polshettiwar. Nanocatalysis: Synthesis and applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

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Dalai, Ajay K., ed. Nanocatalysis for Fuels and Chemicals. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1092.

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W, Roberts M., and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Atom resolved surface reactions: Nanocatalysis. Cambridge: RSC Publishing, 2008.

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Dalai, Ajay Kumar. Nanocatalysis for fuels and chemicals. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nanocatalysi"

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Fernández-Rodríguez, Pablo, Jorge Hurtado de Mendoza, José Luis López-Colón, Antonio José López-Peinado, and Rosa María Martín-Aranda. "Nanotechnology." In Nanocatalysis, 3–21. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-1.

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Ziolek, Maria, Izabela Sobczak, and Lukasz Wolski. "Gold Loaded on Niobium, Zinc and Cerium Oxides." In Nanocatalysis, 254–99. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-10.

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Pérez-Mayoral, Elena, Marina Godino-Ojer, and Daniel González-Rodal. "Bifunctional Porous Catalysts in the Synthesis of Valuable Products." In Nanocatalysis, 25–61. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-2.

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Calvino-Casilda, Vanesa, and Eugenio Muñoz Camacho. "State-of-the-Art in Nanocatalysts for the Transformation of Glycerol into High Added Value Products." In Nanocatalysis, 62–78. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-3.

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Zuliani, Alessio, and Rafael Luque. "Producing Fuels and Fine Chemicals from Biomass using Nanomagnetic Materials." In Nanocatalysis, 81–114. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-4.

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Guerrero-Pérez, M. Olga. "Mixed-Oxide Nanocatalysts for Light Alkane Activation." In Nanocatalysis, 115–34. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-5.

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Rojas Cervantes, Míria Luisa. "Nanocatalysts from Biomass and for the Transformation of Biomass." In Nanocatalysis, 135–64. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-6.

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Abbo, Hanna S., Nader Ghaffari Khaligh, and Salam J. J. Titinchi. "Nanocatalysis and their Application in Water and Wastewater Treatment." In Nanocatalysis, 167–223. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-7.

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Neves, Isabel Correia, António M. Fonseca, and Pier Parpot. "Nanocatalysts Based in Zeolites for Environmental Applications." In Nanocatalysis, 224–35. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-8.

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Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Cristina. "Bioelectrocatalysis." In Nanocatalysis, 236–53. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315202990-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nanocatalysi"

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Chen, Peng. "SINGLE-MOLECULE MICROSCOPY OF NANOCATALYSIS." In 69th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2014.ma03.

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Rachana, S., R. N. Viswanath, S. R. Polaki, and A. K. Tyagi. "Polymer supported porous Pd nanocatalyst." In International Conference on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology (ICONSET 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconset.2011.6168018.

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Feng, Hao, Xun Zhu, Rong Chen, and Qiang Liao. "Visualization Study on Two-Phase Flow Behaviors in the Gas-Liquid-Solid Microreactor for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-1011.

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In this study, visualization study on the gas-liquid two phase flow characteristics in a gas-liquid-solid microchannel reactor was carried out. Palladium nanocatalyst was coated onto the polydopamine functionalized surface of the microchannel through eletroless deposition. The materials characterization results indicated that palladium nanocatalyst were well dispersed on the modified surface. The effects of both the gas and liquid flow rates as well as inlet nitrobenzene concentration on the two-phase flow characteristics were studied. The experimental results revealed that owing to the chemical reaction inside the microreactor, the gas slug length gradually decreased along the flow direction. For a given inlet nitrobenzene concentration, increasing the liquid flow rate or decreasing the gas flow rate would make the variation of the gas slug length more obvious. High inlet nitrobenzene concentration would intensify both the nitrobenzene transfer efficiency and gas reactants consumption, and thereby the flow pattern in the microchannel was transferred from Taylor flow into bubble flow. Besides, the effect of both flow rate and original nitrobenzene concentration on the variation of nitrobenzene conversion and the desired product aniline yield were also discussed.
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Zamani, Amir, Brij B. Maini, and Pedro Pereira-Almao. "Propagation of Nanocatalyst Particles Through Athabasca Sands." In Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/148855-ms.

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Niculescu, Violeta-Carolina, Irina Petreanu, Claudia Sandru, Marius Constantinescu, and Felicia Bucura. "SYNTHESIS OF Cu-Zn-MCM-41 NANOCATALYST." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development institute for Industrial Ecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2022.ab11.

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Kuznetsov, Vladmir V., Oleg V. Vitovsky, and Stanislav P. Kozlov. "Heat and Mass Transfer With Chemical Reactions Producing Hydrogen in Microchannels." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58203.

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The reduction of effective transfer length on microscale eliminates the external diffusion limitation on reaction rate and makes it possible to realize the non-equilibrium chemical reactions. The peculiarities of methane and carbon monoxide steam reforming in a minichannel reactor with activation of reactions on thin film catalyst prepared by nanotechnology are considered in this paper. Consistent accomplishment of these reactions can increase the hydrogen yield and reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the product. Steam reforming of methane was studied on Rh/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the inner wall of the annular minichannel. Steam reforming of carbon monoxide was studied at Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the walls of the minichannel plate. The procedure of catalyst preparation which makes the nanoparticles of two nanometers in size is developed. The catalyst has uniform fraction of nanoparticles and optimal oxygen mobility in the lattice of carrier. During tests the data on the composition of the reacting gas mixture in temperature range from 200 C to 940 C were obtained including data on conversion in controlled temperature field when hydrogen content in the product reaches 68% and carbon monoxide content reduces to 1%. Methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction in the minichannel were modeled numerically. The detailed information on the temperature and species concentration fields has been obtained, and kinetics of multistage reactions was defined when the external heat is supplied to proceed the steam reforming. The temperature regimes of high conversion of methane and carbon monoxide were defined and discussed in connection with the experimental data.
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Uberman, Paula M., Natalia J. S. Costa, Joao L. P. Albuquerque, Alcindo A. Dos Santos, and Liane M. Rossi. "Selective semi-hydrogenation of propargylamines using palladium magnetic nanocatalyst." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_201310419485.

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Moreira da Silva, Cora. "Tem characterization of bimetallic nanocatalyst obtained by colloidal chemistry." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.1011.

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Ghoreishi, S. M., and M. Alibouri. "Synthesis of NiMo/Al2O3 nanocatalyst via supercritical fluid technology." In 2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escinano.2010.5701060.

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KIM, YOUNG DOK, and GERD GANTEFÖR. "ACTIVATED DIATOMIC SPECIES AS IMPORTANT REACTION INTERMEDIATES OF NANOCATALYSIS." In Clusters and Nano-Assemblies - Physical and Biological Systems. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701879_0002.

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Reports on the topic "Nanocatalysi"

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Landman, Uzi. Atomic-Scale Factors of Combustion Nanocatalysts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606267.

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Roldan-Cuenya, Beatriz, H. Mistry, and Y. Choi. Nanocatalysis: Size- and Shape-dependent Chemisorption and Catalytic Reactivity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485534.

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Skrabalak, Sara. Decoupling the Electronic and Geometric Parameters of Metal Nanocatalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1547311.

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Huang, Yu. Biomolecular Specificity Regulated Synthesis of Nanocatalysts and Heterointegration of Photosynthesis Nanodevices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1006722.

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Kuila, Debasish, and Shamsuddin Ilias. Bimetallic Nanocatalysts in Mesoporous Silica for Hydrogen Production from Coal-Derived Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113826.

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Kraus, George. Mesoporous Silica-Supported Metal Oxide-Promoted Rh Nanocatalyst for Selective Production of Ethanol from Syngas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1030556.

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Vlachos, Dionisios G., Douglas J. Buttrey, and Jochen A. Lauterbach. Hydrogen initiative: An integrated approach toward rational nanocatalyst design for hydrogen production. Technical Report-Year 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901553.

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THOMPSON, ANTHONY. UNDERSTANDING PHOTOCARRIER AND GAS DYNAMICS TO RATIONALLY DESIGN HETEROSTRUCTURED NANOCATALYSTS FOR SOLAR CO2 CONVERSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827688.

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THOMPSON, ANTHONY, PATRICK WARD, SIMONA MURPH, ZACHARY DUCA, and LAUREN HANNA. UNDERSTANDING PHOTOCARRIER AND GAS DYNAMICS TO RATIONALLY DESIGN HETEROSTRUCTURED NANOCATALYSTS FOR EFFICIENT SOLAR CO2 CONVERSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1883330.

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Ruqian Wu. Final Technical Report: First Principles Investigations for the Ensemble Effects of PdAu and PtAu Bimetallic Nanocatalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040706.

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