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Journal articles on the topic 'Nano-waveguides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Cho, Chi-O., Young-Geun Roh, Yeonsang Park, Jae-Soong I, Heonsu Jeon, Beom-Seok Lee, Hye-Won Kim, Young-Ho Choe, Mingyu Sung, and J. C. Woo. "Towards nano-waveguides." Current Applied Physics 4, no. 2-4 (April 2004): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2003.11.020.

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2

Manaf, N. Aina C., Mohd Hanapiah M. Yusoff, and M. Kamil Abd-Rahman. "Optimized Nano-Slot Silicon Waveguide Structures for Optical Sensing Applications." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.212.

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In this paper, an investigation of optimized vertical and non-vertical nano-slot silicon waveguides with different cover media (cladding) is presented. The mode properties and light confining effects for both of these slot waveguides geometry are investigated at operating wavelength of 1550nm. Light propagation of waveguide modal profiles for electric field and intensity of such slot waveguides are also presented.

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3

Hou, Zhishan, Siming Sun, Boyuan Zheng, Ruizhu Yang, and Aiwu Li. "Stimuli-responsive protein-based micro/nano-waveguides." RSC Advances 5, no. 95 (2015): 77847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15538j.

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4

Mu, Jianwei, Lin Chen, Xun Li, Wei-Ping Huang, Lionel C. Kimerling, and Jurgen Michel. "Hybrid nano ridge plasmonic polaritons waveguides." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 13 (September 23, 2013): 131107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4823546.

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5

Lim, Soon Thor, Ching Eng Png, and Aaron J. Danner. "Embedded air core optical nano-waveguides." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 27, no. 10 (September 2, 2010): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.27.001937.

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6

Lao, Jieer, Jin Tao, Qi Jie Wang, and Xu Guang Huang. "Tunable graphene-based plasmonic waveguides: nano modulators and nano attenuators." Laser & Photonics Reviews 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2014): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201300199.

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7

Khaleefia, Zainab Salam, Sh S. Mahdi, and S. Kh Yaseen. "Prospect of CW Raman Laser in Silicon- on- Insulator Nano-Waveguides." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 18, no. 45 (May 30, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v18i45.507.

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Numerical analysis predicts that continuous-wave (CW) Raman lasing is possible in Silicon-On-insulator (SOI) nano-waveguides, despite of presence of free carrier absorption. The scope of this paper lies on lasers for communication systems around 1550 nm wavelength. Two types of waveguide structures Strip and Rib waveguides have been incorporated. The waveguide structures have designed to be 220 nm in height. Three different widths of (350, 450, 1000) nm were studied. The dependence of lasing of the SOI Raman laser on effective carrier lifetime was discussed, produced by tow photon absorption. At telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, Raman lasing threshold was calculated to be 1.7 mW in Rib SOI waveguide with dimensions width (W= 450 nm) and Length (L= 25 mm). The obtained Raman lasing is the lowest reported value at relatively high reflectivities. Raman laser in SOI nano-waveguides presents the important step towards integrated on-chip optoelectronic devices.

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8

Fakhruldeen, H. F., and T. S. Mansour. "Design of Plasmonic NOT Logic Gate Based on Insulator – Metal – Insulator (IMI) waveguides." Advanced Electromagnetics 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i1.1376.

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In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed using Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides Technology. The proposed all-optical NOT gate is simulated and realized using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software. Recently, plasmonic technology has attracted high attention due to its wide applications in all-optical signal processing. Due to its highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have huge applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in the waveguides which results in overcoming the diffraction limit problem in conventional optics. The proposed IMI structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Our design consists of symmetric nano-rings structures with two straight waveguides which based on IMI structure. The operation of all-optical NOT gate is realized by employing the constructive and destructive interface between the straight waveguides and the nano-rings structure waveguides. There are three ports in the proposed design, input, control and output ports. The activation of control port is always ON. By changing the structure dimensions, the materials, the phase of the applied optical signal to the input and control ports, the optical transmission at the output port is changed. In our proposed structure, the insulator dielectric material is glass and the metal material is silver. The calculated contrast ratio between (ON and OFF) output states is 3.16 (dB).

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9

Wang Zhi, 王智, 张丽梅 Zhang Limei, 陈颖川 Chen Yinchuan, and 王健 Wang Jian. "Two Mode Interference for Nano SOI Waveguides." Chinese Journal of Lasers 39, no. 7 (2012): 0705003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201239.0705003.

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10

Aldaya, I., A. Gil-Molina, J. L. Pita, L. H. Gabrielli, H. L. Fragnito, and P. Dainese. "Nonlinear carrier dynamics in silicon nano-waveguides." Optica 4, no. 10 (October 5, 2017): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.4.001219.

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11

Shalin, Alexander S., Pavel Ginzburg, Pavel A. Belov, Yuri S. Kivshar, and Anatoly V. Zayats. "Nano-opto-mechanical effects in plasmonic waveguides." Laser & Photonics Reviews 8, no. 1 (November 4, 2013): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201300109.

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12

Cui, Luna, and Li Yu. "Multifunctional logic gates based on silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 02 (January 20, 2018): 1850008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918500082.

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Nano-scale Multifunctional Logic Gates based on Si hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWGs) are designed by utilizing the multimode interference (MMI) effect. The proposed device is composed of three input waveguides, three output waveguides and an MMI waveguide. The functional size of the device is only 1000 nm × 3200 nm, which is much smaller than traditional Si-based all-optical logic gates. By setting different input signals and selecting suitable threshold value, OR, AND, XOR and NOT gates are achieved simultaneously or individually in a single device. This may provide a way for ultrahigh speed signal processing and future nanophotonic integrated circuits.

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13

Motamen, Sajedeh, Christian Schörner, Dominic Raithel, Jean-Pierre Malval, Thibaut Jarrosson, Françoise Serein-Spirau, Laurent Simon, Richard Hildner, and Günter Reiter. "Low loss optical waveguiding in large single crystals of a thiophene-based oligomer." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 24 (2017): 15980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01639e.

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Active optical waveguides based on functional small organic molecules in micro/nano regime have attracted great interest for their potential applications in high speed miniaturized photonic integrations.

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14

Moradi, Afshin. "Theory of Carbon Nanotubes as Optical Nano Waveguides." Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 02, no. 12 (2010): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2010.212088.

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15

Sahu, P. P. "A Compact Optical Multiplexer Using Silicon Nano-Waveguides." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 15, no. 5 (2009): 1537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2022048.

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16

Dolatabady, Alireza, Nosrat Granpayeh, and Mohammad Abedini. "Frequency-tunable logic gates in graphene nano-waveguides." Photonic Network Communications 39, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-020-00881-0.

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17

Doughan, Isaac, Kehinde Oyemakinwa, Olli Ovaskainen, and Matthieu Roussey. "Low Loss Vertical TiO2/Polymer Hybrid Nano-Waveguides." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030469.

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This article proposes a novel demonstration of a low-loss polymer channel hybridized with a titania core leading to a nano-waveguide elongated in the normal direction to the substrate. It is aimed at using the quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) mode as the predominant mode in compact photonic circuitry. A detailed design analysis shows how a thin layer of a higher-refractive index material in a trench within the core of the waveguide can increase the confinement and reduce the propagation losses. This thin layer, produced by atomic layer deposition, covers the entire polymer structure in a conformal manner, ensuring both a reduction of the surface roughness and a stronger field confinement. The trench can be made at any place within the polymer channel and therefore its position can be tuned to obtain asymmetric modal distribution. The waveguide is demonstrated at telecom wavelengths, although the material’s properties enable operation over a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We measured propagation losses as low as 1.75 ± 0.32 dB/cm in a 200 nm × 900 nm section of the waveguide core. All processes being mass-production compatible, this study opens a path towards easier integrated-component manufacture.

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18

Bryndin, Evgeniy. "Fiber Optic Network Technology of Communication of Specialists via Mental Neurointerfaces." Network and Communication Technologies 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/nct.v6n2p1.

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Resonance communication of specialists can be carried out at a distance in real time in dialogue mode through a mental neurointerface with two-way communication. Mental neurointerface on the principles of magnetic resonance tomography captures a hologram of brain activity of the internal speech of the inductor specialist and transmits it to the mental neurointerface of the recipient's interlocutor through ultra-sensitive multi section nano resonators waveguides. The mental neurointerface of the recipient's interlocutor perceives the transmitted hologram of the brain activity of internal speech and resonates its internal speech to it. An interlocutor of the recipient with equivalent semantic memory in a resonant way makes sense of the internal speech of the inductor specialist. He forms the response with internal speech and transmits it to the interlocutor with his mental neurointerface through nano resonators in the form of holograms of the brain activity of internal speech. Interlocutors, as specialists in one subject area, have a similar semantic memory. Semantic memories are considered similar if they correspond to the principle of gold section according to a professional thesaurus. Specialists and interlocutors must learn a professional thesaurus before starting a dialogue through mental neurointerfaces. Thus, the problem of transmitting and reading thoughts at a distance using high technology is solved, taking into account the psychological aspects of the interlocutors. The development of mental neurointerfaces and ultra-sensitive multi section nano waveguide resonators for transmitting holograms of internal speech brain activity is just beginning. The use of resonant communication by mental neurointerfaces through nano waveguides resonators waveguides is currently very relevant in many areas of life activity.

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19

Wang, Yupeng, Yawen Xiao, Luning Wang, Haichen Rong, Xin Li, and Fei Wang. "Theoretical investigation of nano-photonic graphene-based waveguide." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 31 (July 16, 2020): 2050350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920503509.

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This paper reports two design thoughts about nano-scale waveguides including parallel slot structure and vertical slot structure. According to the simulation results of different schemes, the design of parallel slot structure is demonstrated to exhibit better performance. Thus, we further explore its typical characteristics based on this scheme, such as electric field distribution, effective refractive index, non-linearity, dispersion and so on. Besides, we explore the properties of the waveguide under different thicknesses of the core material. On the other hand, combining with graphene layer applied to additional bias voltage, the tunable properties of the waveguide are realized. These results can provide significant reference for photoelectronic device field and lead to a deeper insight of the physical mechanisms of graphene-based waveguides.

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20

Liao, Yin-Song, Jia-Ren Wu, Diksha Thakur, Jy-Shan Hsu, Ram Prakash Dwivedi, and Sheng Hsiung Chang. "Power Loss Reduction of Angled Metallic Wedge Plasmonic Waveguides via the Interplay between Near-Field Optical Coupling and Modal Coupling." Photonics 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9090663.

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Coupled metallic-wedge nano-plasmonic (CWP) waveguides were predicted as the best building blocks, which can realize ultra-compact and broadband integrated optical circuits (IOCs) due to the localized near-field distributions at the dielectric/metal interfaces. Our simulation results show that the manipulations of the near-field distribution and the near-field modal coupling in CWP waveguides can effectively minimize the power loss by varying the wedge angles, which can avoid the loss from the metallic structure and thereby improving the practical application in IOCs.

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21

Hu, Bin, Ying Zhang, and Qi Jie Wang. "Surface magneto plasmons and their applications in the infrared frequencies." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0026.

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Abstract Due to their promising properties, surface magneto plasmons have attracted great interests in the field of plasmonics recently. Apart from flexible modulation of the plasmonic properties by an external magnetic field, surface magneto plasmons also promise nonreciprocal effect and multi-bands of propagation, which can be applied into the design of integrated plasmonic devices for biosensing and telecommunication applications. In the visible frequencies, because it demands extremely strong magnetic fields for the manipulation of metallic plasmonic materials, nano-devices consisting of metals and magnetic materials based on surface magneto plasmon are difficult to be realized due to the challenges in device fabrication and high losses. In the infrared frequencies, highly-doped semiconductors can replace metals, owning to the lower incident wave frequencies and lower plasma frequencies. The required magnetic field is also low, which makes the tunable devices based on surface magneto plasmons more practically to be realized. Furthermore, a promising 2D material-graphene shows great potential in infrared magnetic plasmonics. In this paper, we review the magneto plasmonics in the infrared frequencies with a focus on device designs and applications. We investigate surface magneto plasmons propagating in different structures, including plane surface structures and slot waveguides. Based on the fundamental investigation and theoretical studies, we illustrate various magneto plasmonic micro/nano devices in the infrared, such as tunable waveguides, filters, and beam-splitters. Novel plasmonic devices such as one-way waveguides and broad-band waveguides are also introduced.

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22

Falah Fakhruldeen, Hassan, and Tahreer Safaa Mansour. "All-Optical NOT Gate Based on Nanoring Silver-Air Plasmonic Waveguide." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.18955.

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In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed by using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides design. This logic gate is numerically analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. Recently, plasmonics have attracted more attention due to its huge applications in all optical signal processing. Due to it’s highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have many applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in waveguides to overcome the diffraction limit which considered a big problem in conventional optics. The proposed design of MIM structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Strong localization and relatively simple fabrication make the MIM waveguides the potential key design of Nano-scale all optical devices. Our design consists of symmetric ring structures with straight waveguides which based on MIM structure. All-optical logic gate (NOT gate) behavior is achieved from utilizing the interface between straight waveguides and ring structure waveguides. By switching the activation of the control port, the propagation of the outgoing field in the output waveguide will be changed. As the simulation results show, the proposed structure could operate as an all-optical NOT logic gate. This gate would be a potential component in many applications of all-optical signals processing.

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23

Gill, Parvinder K., and Dan M. Marom. "Single Mode, Air-Cladded Optical Waveguides Supported by a Nano-Fin Fabricated with Direct Laser Writing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 6327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146327.

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Single-mode, air-cladded optical waveguides have wavelength scale diameters, making them very fragile and difficult to handle and yet highly desirable for sensing and inter-chip photonic interconnects. These contradictory qualities are resolved in this work by supporting the optical waveguide with a nano-fin structure attached to a substrate, narrow enough and sufficiently tall to minimally impact the wave-guiding metrics of the solid core while providing structural mechanical integrity. The design considerations for the nano-fin-supported waveguide and its realization using a commercial direct laser writing system based on two-photon activation of a photopolymer is reported herein. The 3D printed waveguides are characterized and experimentally assessed, demonstrating low birefringence and an estimated propagation loss for LP01x and LP01y of 2.9 dB/mm and 3.4 dB/mm, respectively, attributed to surface roughness and the relatively high refractive index contrast with air.

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24

Kanj, Ali, Paolo F. Ferrari, SunPhil Kim, Jonathan Bunyan, Alexander F. Vakakis, Arend M. van der Zande, and Sameh Tawfick. "Buckling-mediated phase transitions in nano-electromechanical phononic waveguides." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0007932.

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25

Kim, SunPhil, Jonathan Bunyan, Paolo F. Ferrari, Ali Kanj, Alexander F. Vakakis, Arend M. van der Zande, and Sameh Tawfick. "Buckling-Mediated Phase Transitions in Nano-Electromechanical Phononic Waveguides." Nano Letters 21, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 6416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00764.

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26

Hochberg, Michael, Thomas Baehr-Jones, Guangxi Wang, Jingqing Huang, Phil Sullivan, Larry Dalton, and Axel Scherer. "Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides." Optics Express 15, no. 13 (2007): 8401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.008401.

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27

Gu, Fuxing, Li Zhang, Guoqing Wu, Yingbin Zhu, and Heping Zeng. "Sub-bandgap transverse frequency conversion in semiconductor nano-waveguides." Nanoscale 6, no. 21 (2014): 12371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr04020a.

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28

MAHDI, SHAIMAA, MORITZ GREHN, AWS AL-SAADI, MICHAEL HÖFNER, STEFAN MEISTER, and HANS J. EICHLER. "FACET PREPARATION OF SILICON NANO-WAVEGUIDES BY CLEAVING THE SOI CHIP." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 20, no. 04 (December 2011): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863511006315.

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Optical facet preparation of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides was done by polishing after saw dicing or cleaving after two different techniques of scoring by a mechanical saw and fs-laser. Cleaving after fs-laser scoring leads to smooth facet surface of air covered SOI waveguides; polishing after dicing is more efficient with SiO2covered waveguides. The prepared end facets were investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SOI waveguides were characterized by optical transmission of telecommunication wavelength (1.5 μm).

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29

Xiong, Xiao, Lin Wu, Ping Bai, Ching Eng Png, Jun Rong Ong, and Leonid Krivitsky. "Frequency conversion in nano-waveguides using bound-state-in-continuum." Optics Letters 46, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.412115.

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30

Qi, Z., T. Li, and S. N. Zhu. "High-confined second harmonic generation in nano-scale slot waveguides." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41, no. 2 (January 4, 2008): 025109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/2/025109.

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31

Han, Ting, Steve Madden, Douglas Bulla, and Barry Luther-Davies. "Low loss Chalcogenide glass waveguides by thermal nano-imprint lithography." Optics Express 18, no. 18 (August 26, 2010): 19286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.019286.

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32

Hajati, Morteza, and Yaser Hajati. "Investigation of plasmonic properties of graphene multilayer nano-ribbon waveguides." Applied Optics 55, no. 8 (March 8, 2016): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.001878.

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33

Homewood, K. P., M. A. Lourenço, and R. M. Gwilliam. "Nano-engineered silicon light emitting diodes and optically active waveguides." Optical Materials 32, no. 12 (October 2010): 1601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2010.05.025.

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34

Chi, Do Thuy, Bui Huy, Nguyen Thuy Van, and Pham Van Hoi. "Investigation of 1d Photonic Crystal Based on Nano-porous Silicon Multilayer for Optical Filtering." Communications in Physics 21, no. 1 (June 25, 2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/21/1/101.

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We present the fabrication, simulation, and measurements of 1D photonic crystal based on nano-porous silicon multilayer designed as an optical interference filter. Using electro-chemical etching with timely repeat steps of applied current densities, we fabricated a multilayer structure composed of alternating high- and low-index layer which achieved 90% power reflectivity at wavelength range of 1400-3000 nm. The simulation is relying on the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) to design and predict the optical properties of nano-porous silicon multilayer as well as the relation between anodization parameters with reflection spectra. The measured reflection and transmission spectra of the nano-porous silicon multilayer show good agreement with simulation. This technique could provide a convenient and economical method to produce filters, cavities, and graded-index dielectric waveguides in the future.

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35

Hadden, J. P., Cobi Maynard, Daryl M. Beggs, Robert A. Taylor, and Anthony J. Bennett. "Design of free-space couplers for suspended triangular nano-beam waveguides." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 47 (October 5, 2022): 474002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac941e.

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Abstract Photonic waveguides (WGs) with triangular cross section are being investigated for material systems such as diamond, glasses and gallium nitride, which lack easy options to create conventional rectangular nanophotonic waveguides. The design rules for optical elements in these triangular WGs, such as couplers and gratings, are not well established. Here we present simulations of elements designed to couple light into, and out of, triangular WGs from the vertical direction, which can be implemented with current angled-etch fabrication technology. The devices demonstrate coupling efficiencies approaching 50% for light focused from a high numerical aperture objective. The implementation of such couplers will enable fast and efficient testing of closely spaced integrated circuit components.

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36

Guiana, Brian, and Ata Zadehgol. "Characterizing THz Scattering Loss in Nano-Scale SOI Waveguides Exhibiting Stochastic Surface Roughness with Exponential Autocorrelation." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030307.

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Electromagnetic (EM) scattering may be a significant source of degradation in signal and power integrity of high-contrast silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nano-scale interconnects, such as opto-electronic or optical interconnects operating at 100 s of THz where two-dimensional (2D) analytical models of dielectric slab waveguides are often used to approximate scattering loss. In this work, a formulation is presented to relate the scattering (propagation) loss to the scattering parameters (S-parameters) for the smooth waveguide; the results are correlated with results from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in 2D space. We propose a normalization factor to the previous 2D analytical formulation for the stochastic scattering loss based on physical parameters of waveguides exhibiting random surface roughness under the exponential autocorrelation function (ACF), and validate the results by comparing against numerical experiments via the 2D FDTD method, through simulation of hundreds of rough waveguides; additionally, results are compared to other 2D analytical and previous 3D experimental results. The FDTD environment is described and validated by comparing results of the smooth waveguide against analytical solutions for wave impedance, propagation constant, and S-parameters. Results show that the FDTD model is in agreement with the analytical solution for the smooth waveguide and is a reasonable approximation of the stochastic scattering loss for the rough waveguide.

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37

Bondarenko, Siegfried, Claus Villringer, and Patrick Steglich. "Comparative Study of Nano-Slot Silicon Waveguides Covered by Dye Doped and Undoped Polymer Cladding." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010089.

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Nonlinear optical dyes doped in optical polymer matrices are widely used for electro-optical devices. Linear optical properties change with dye concentration, which leads to a change in modal properties, especially in nano-structured integrated waveguides such as silicon slot-waveguides. Here, we investigate the influence of a nonlinear optical dye on the performance of a silicon-organic hybrid slot-waveguide. A simulation study of the modal and optical confinement properties is carried out and dependence of the structural parameters of the slot-waveguide and the organic cladding material is taken into account. As cladding material, a guest-host polymer system is employed comprising the nonlinear optical dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) doped in a poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA) matrix. The refractive indices of doped and undoped PMMA were deduced from ellipsometric data. We present a guideline for an optimized slot-waveguide design for the fabrication in silicon-on-insulator technology giving rise to scalable, high-performance integrated electro-optical modulators.

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38

Gil-Molina, Andres, Ivan Aldaya, Julián L. Pita, Lucas H. Gabrielli, Hugo L. Fragnito, and Paulo Dainese. "Optical free-carrier generation in silicon nano-waveguides at 1550 nm." Applied Physics Letters 112, no. 25 (June 18, 2018): 251104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5023589.

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39

Hou, Haowen, Jinghua Teng, Tomás Palacios, and Soojin Chua. "Edge plasmons and cut-off behavior of graphene nano-ribbon waveguides." Optics Communications 370 (July 2016): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.03.023.

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40

Wang, Pengjun, Jian Ding, Weiwei Chen, Shixun Dai, Bohao Zhang, Hao Lu, Qiang Fu, et al. "Terahertz plasmonic SWAP and Fredkin gates utilizing graphene nano-ribbon waveguides." Optics Communications 463 (May 2020): 125397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125397.

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41

Mo, Guo-Liang, and Xue-Cang Zhang. "High accuracy modal analysis and beam propagation method for nano-waveguides." Optical and Quantum Electronics 44, no. 10-11 (March 18, 2012): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-012-9570-3.

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42

TAKAHARA, Junichi, and Masashi MIYATA. "Propagation and Focusing of Surface Plasmon in Metal Nano Slab Waveguides." Hyomen Kagaku 33, no. 4 (2012): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.33.209.

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Wang, Cheng, Xiao Xiong, Nicolas Andrade, Vivek Venkataraman, Xi-Feng Ren, Guang-Can Guo, and Marko Lončar. "Second harmonic generation in nano-structured thin-film lithium niobate waveguides." Optics Express 25, no. 6 (March 16, 2017): 6963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.006963.

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SUMMERS, CHRISTOPHER J., CURTIS W. NEFF, and WOUNJHANG PARK. "ACTIVE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL NANO-ARCHITECTURES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 12, no. 04 (December 2003): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863503001663.

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The development of nano-scaled photonic crystal structures has resulted in many new devices exhibiting non-classical optical behavior. Typically, in these structures a photonic band gap and associated defect mode are used to create waveguides, resonators, couplers and filters. In this paper we propose that the functionality of these structures can be significantly enhanced by the infiltration of the photonic crystal with other classes of materials, particularly highly nonlinear liquid crystals and electro-optical materials. The properties of conventional 2D PC slab waveguides were simulated by the finite difference time domain method and shown to exhibit very large refraction and dispersion, and significant tunable effects under bias when infiltrated with liquid crystal. In particular, a new superlattice photonic crystal concept is proposed and shown to exhibit up to ~50° tunability in the angle of refraction when alternate liquid crystal infiltrated pixel rows were modulated from their aligned to unaligned state. This modulation corresponds to index changes from 1.5 to 2.1; it is assumed that a refractive index change of up to approximately Δn=0.6 can be achieved. The superlattice effect was also demonstrated to induce new switching and out-coupling effects that were strongly dependent on the direction of propagation and index modulation. These simulations demonstrate the potential of a new class of optically-active photonic crystal architectures to tune giant refraction and dispersion characteristics and to enable new switching phenomena.

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Armaghani, Sahar, Ali Rostami, and Peyman Mirtaheri. "Interaction between Graphene Nanoribbon and an Array of QDs: Introducing Nano Grating." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050348.

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In this work, the interaction between an array of QDs and Graphene nanoribbon is modeled using dipole–dipole interaction. Then, based on the presented model, we study the linear optical properties of the considered system and find that by changing the size, number, and type of quantum dots as well as how they are arranged, the optical properties can be controlled and the controllable grating plasmonic waveguides can be implemented. Therefore, we introduce different structures, compare them together and find that each of them can be useful based on their application in optical integrated circuits. The quantum dot arrays are located on a graphene nanoribbon with dimensions of 775 × 40 nm2. Applying electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 1.55 µm causes polarization in the quantum dots and induces surface polarization on graphene. It is shown that, considering the large radius of the quantum dot, the induced polarization is increased, and ultimately the interaction with other quantum dots and graphene nanoribbon is stronger. Similarly, the distance between quantum dots and the number of QDs on Graphene nanoribbon are basic factors that affect the interaction between QDs and nanoribbon. Due to the polarization effect of these elements between each other, we see the creation of the effective grating refractive index in the plasmonic waveguide. This has many applications in quantum optical integrated circuits, nano-scale atomic lithography for nano-scale production, the adjustment coupling coefficient between waveguides, and the implementation of optical gates, reflectors, detectors, modulators, and others.

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KOUZAEV, GUENNADI A. "CONTROLLED LOCALIZED EIGENMODES IN PSEUDO-RANDOM MULTILAYER ELECTRON WAVEGUIDES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 01 (December 11, 2013): 1350192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501920.

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In this paper, the localization of eigenmodes in quasi-1-D pseudo-random potential lattice electron waveguides is studied using the equivalent circuit method applied to the Schrödinger equation. It is found that the mixed deterministic and random discrete potential and limited waveguide width allow only intermediate localization of modes, and their two main types are discovered: the gap-localized and random-lattice localized modes which are stable toward variation of the waveguide's geometry. These modes can be transformed to each other by proper choosing the waveguide parameters. The discovered and studied effects and created models are interesting in the developments of spatial nano-switches of electron waves.

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Salim, Evan T., Rooa Mahmood, Farah G. Khalid, and Uda Hashim. "Using the PLD Method: Investigation of the Influence of Laser Wavelengths on the Optical Morphological and Structural Findings of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Nano-Photonic Films." Defect and Diffusion Forum 418 (August 19, 2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-qz2gw4.

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For the optoelectronics application like (optical waveguides), a nanostructure Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) Nano film was produced and placed on a quartz substrate using the pulse laser deposition (PLD) process. The structural, morphological, and optical features of wavelengths od pulsed laser (1064 and 532) nm were investigated for the films of LiNbO3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultra-Violet (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are among the techniques used to describe and evaluate the samples.

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Savescu, Michelle, Kaisar R. Khan, Preeti Naruka, Hossein Jafari, Luminita Moraru, and Anjan Biswas. "Optical Solitons in Photonic Nano Waveguides with an Improved Nonlinear Schrödinger's Equation." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2013.2826.

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Zhao, Yan, and Yang Hao. "Finite-Difference Time-Domain Study of Guided Modes in Nano-Plasmonic Waveguides." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, no. 11 (November 2007): 3070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2007.908370.

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Khaleefa, Z. S., Sh S. Mahdi, and S. Kh Yaseen. "Numerical Analysis of CW Raman Amplifier in Silicon-on-Insulator Nano-Waveguides." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 757 (April 2, 2020): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/757/1/012022.

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