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Academic literature on the topic 'Nano-waveguides'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nano-waveguides"

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Cho, Chi-O., Young-Geun Roh, Yeonsang Park, Jae-Soong I, Heonsu Jeon, Beom-Seok Lee, Hye-Won Kim, Young-Ho Choe, Mingyu Sung, and J. C. Woo. "Towards nano-waveguides." Current Applied Physics 4, no. 2-4 (April 2004): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2003.11.020.

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Manaf, N. Aina C., Mohd Hanapiah M. Yusoff, and M. Kamil Abd-Rahman. "Optimized Nano-Slot Silicon Waveguide Structures for Optical Sensing Applications." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.212.

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In this paper, an investigation of optimized vertical and non-vertical nano-slot silicon waveguides with different cover media (cladding) is presented. The mode properties and light confining effects for both of these slot waveguides geometry are investigated at operating wavelength of 1550nm. Light propagation of waveguide modal profiles for electric field and intensity of such slot waveguides are also presented.
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Hou, Zhishan, Siming Sun, Boyuan Zheng, Ruizhu Yang, and Aiwu Li. "Stimuli-responsive protein-based micro/nano-waveguides." RSC Advances 5, no. 95 (2015): 77847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15538j.

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Mu, Jianwei, Lin Chen, Xun Li, Wei-Ping Huang, Lionel C. Kimerling, and Jurgen Michel. "Hybrid nano ridge plasmonic polaritons waveguides." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 13 (September 23, 2013): 131107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4823546.

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Lim, Soon Thor, Ching Eng Png, and Aaron J. Danner. "Embedded air core optical nano-waveguides." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 27, no. 10 (September 2, 2010): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.27.001937.

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Lao, Jieer, Jin Tao, Qi Jie Wang, and Xu Guang Huang. "Tunable graphene-based plasmonic waveguides: nano modulators and nano attenuators." Laser & Photonics Reviews 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2014): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201300199.

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Khaleefia, Zainab Salam, Sh S. Mahdi, and S. Kh Yaseen. "Prospect of CW Raman Laser in Silicon- on- Insulator Nano-Waveguides." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 18, no. 45 (May 30, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v18i45.507.

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Numerical analysis predicts that continuous-wave (CW) Raman lasing is possible in Silicon-On-insulator (SOI) nano-waveguides, despite of presence of free carrier absorption. The scope of this paper lies on lasers for communication systems around 1550 nm wavelength. Two types of waveguide structures Strip and Rib waveguides have been incorporated. The waveguide structures have designed to be 220 nm in height. Three different widths of (350, 450, 1000) nm were studied. The dependence of lasing of the SOI Raman laser on effective carrier lifetime was discussed, produced by tow photon absorption. At telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, Raman lasing threshold was calculated to be 1.7 mW in Rib SOI waveguide with dimensions width (W= 450 nm) and Length (L= 25 mm). The obtained Raman lasing is the lowest reported value at relatively high reflectivities. Raman laser in SOI nano-waveguides presents the important step towards integrated on-chip optoelectronic devices.
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Fakhruldeen, H. F., and T. S. Mansour. "Design of Plasmonic NOT Logic Gate Based on Insulator – Metal – Insulator (IMI) waveguides." Advanced Electromagnetics 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i1.1376.

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In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed using Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides Technology. The proposed all-optical NOT gate is simulated and realized using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software. Recently, plasmonic technology has attracted high attention due to its wide applications in all-optical signal processing. Due to its highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have huge applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in the waveguides which results in overcoming the diffraction limit problem in conventional optics. The proposed IMI structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Our design consists of symmetric nano-rings structures with two straight waveguides which based on IMI structure. The operation of all-optical NOT gate is realized by employing the constructive and destructive interface between the straight waveguides and the nano-rings structure waveguides. There are three ports in the proposed design, input, control and output ports. The activation of control port is always ON. By changing the structure dimensions, the materials, the phase of the applied optical signal to the input and control ports, the optical transmission at the output port is changed. In our proposed structure, the insulator dielectric material is glass and the metal material is silver. The calculated contrast ratio between (ON and OFF) output states is 3.16 (dB).
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Wang Zhi, 王智, 张丽梅 Zhang Limei, 陈颖川 Chen Yinchuan, and 王健 Wang Jian. "Two Mode Interference for Nano SOI Waveguides." Chinese Journal of Lasers 39, no. 7 (2012): 0705003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201239.0705003.

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Aldaya, I., A. Gil-Molina, J. L. Pita, L. H. Gabrielli, H. L. Fragnito, and P. Dainese. "Nonlinear carrier dynamics in silicon nano-waveguides." Optica 4, no. 10 (October 5, 2017): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.4.001219.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nano-waveguides"

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Cheemalapati, Surya Venkatasekhar. "Nano-Photonic Waveguides for Chemical and Biomedical Sensing." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6204.

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In this dissertation, advances in the fields of Photonics, and Plasmonics, and specifically, single cell analysis and waveguide sensing will be addressed. The first part of the dissertation is on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) optimization and experimental demonstration of a nano-scale instrument that allows sensing at the cellular and subcellular levels. A new design of plasmonic coupler into a nanoscale waveguide is proposed and optimized using FDTD simulations. Following this, a subcellular nanoendoscope that can locally excite fluorescence in labelled cell organelles and collect the emitted fluorescent light for detailed spectrum analysis is fabricated and tested. The nanoendoscope has a sharp tapered tip of diameter ~ 50 nm that permits safe insertion into the cell that was confirmed by a number of viability experiments. FDTD analysis demonstrated that, with an optimized nanoendoscope taper profile, light emission and collection was very local. Thus, signal detection could be used for nano-photonic sensing of proximity of fluorophores. In further experiments, fluorescent signals were collected from individual organelles of living cells including: the nucleus of Acridine orange labelled human fibroblast cells, the nucleus of Hoechst stained live liver cells and the mitochondria of MitoTracker Red labelled MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, this endoscope was inserted into a live organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and in- vivo fluorescence signal was collected. Second, an innovative single step fabrication method of low loss polysilicon waveguides was developed as a potential platform for a number of photonic sensors. Optimization of a capacitively coupled plasma etching for the fabrication of a polysilicon waveguide with smooth sidewalls and low optical loss was demonstrated. A detailed experimental study on the influences of RF plasma power and chamber pressure on the roughness of the sidewalls of waveguides was conducted and waveguides were characterized using a scanning electron microscope. It was demonstrated that optimal combination of pressure (30 mTorr) and power (150 W) resulted in the smoothest sidewalls. The optical losses of the optimized waveguide were 4.1± 0.6 dB/ cm. Finally, an on-chip nanophotonic sensor for continuous blood coagulation analysis was proposed. The system was simulated using three-dimensional FDTD software. At first, the noise due to the presence of cells was calculated. Next, the design of a waveguide cladding-based filtering structure for elimination of the noise from cells was proposed and significantly decreased noise level was theoretically demonstrated.
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You, Jie. "Calculation of bit error rates of optical signal transmission in nano-scale silicon photonic waveguides." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1565186/.

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In this dissertation, a comprehensive and rigorous analysis of BER performance in the single- and multi-channel silicon optical interconnects is presented. The illustrated computational algorithms and new results can furnish one with insight of how to engineer waveguide dimensions, optical nonlinearity and dispersion, in order to facilitate the design and construction of the ultra-fast and low-cost chip-level communications for next-generation high-performance computing systems. Two types of optical links have been intensively discussed in this dissertation, namely a strip single-mode silicon photonic waveguide and a silicon photonic crystal waveguide. Different types of optical input signals are considered here, including an ON-OFF keying modulated nonreturn-to-zero continuous-wave signal, a phase-shift keying modulated continuous-wave signal, and a Gaussian pulsed signal, all in presence of white noise. The output signal is detected and analyzed using direct-detection optical receivers. To model the signal propagation in the single- and multi-channel silicon photonic waveguides, we employ both rigorous theoretical models that incorporate all relevant linear and nonlinear optical effects and the mutual interaction between the free carriers and the optical field, as well as their linearized version valid in the low-noise power regime. Particularly, the second propagation model is designed only for optical continuous-wave signals. Equally important, the bit error rate (BER) of the transmitted signal is accurately and efficiently calculated by using the Karhunen-Loeve series expansion methods, with these approaches performed via the time-domain, frequency-domain, and Fourier-series expansion, separately. Based on the theoretical models proposed in this work, a system analysis engine has been constructed numerically. This engine can not only analyze the underlying physics of silicon waveguides, but also evaluate the system performance, which is extremely valuable for the configuration and optimization of the optical networks on chip.
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Cleary, Justin. "Surface Plasmon Hosts for Infrared Waveguides and Biosensors, and Plasmons in Gold-Black Nano-Structured Films." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3562.

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Applications of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have thus far emphasized visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Extension into the long-wave infrared (LWIR) has numerous potential advantages for biosensors and waveguides, which are explored in this work. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor that operates deep into the infrared (3-11 µm wavelengths) is potentially capable of biomolecule recognition based on both selective binding and characteristic vibrational modes. The goal is to operate such sensors at wavelengths where biological analytes are strongly differentiated by their IR absorption spectra and where the refractive index is increased by dispersion, which will provide enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. Potentially useful IR surface plasmon resonances are investigated on lamellar gratings formed from various materials with plasma frequencies in the IR wavelength range including doped semiconductors, semimetals, and conducting polymers. One outcome of this work has been the demonstration of a simple analytic formula for calculating the SPP absorption resonances in the angular reflectance spectra of gratings. It is demonstrated for Ag lamellar gratings in the 6-11 µm wavelength range. The recipe is semi-empirical, requiring knowledge of a surface-impedance modulation amplitude, which is found here by comparison to experiment as a function of the grating groove depth and the wavelength. The optimum groove depth for photon-to-SPP energy conversion was found by experiment and calculation to be ~10-15% of the wavelength. Hemicylindrical prism couplers formed from Si or Ge were investigated as IR surface plasmon couplers for the biosensor application. Strong Fabry-Perot oscillations in the angular reflectance spectra for these high index materials suggest that grating couplers will be more effective for this application in the LWIR. A variety of materials having IR plasma frequencies were investigated due to the tighter SPP mode confinement anticipated in the IR than for traditional noble metals. First doped-Si and metal silicides (Ni, Pd, Pt and Ti) were investigated due to their inherent CMOS compatibility. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and four point probe measurements complemented the optical characterization by ellipsometry. Calculation of propagation length and mode confinement from measured permittivities demonstrated the suitability for these materials for LWIR SPP applications. Semimetals were also investigated since their plasma frequencies are intermediate between those of doped silicon and metal silicides. The semimetal antimony, with a plasma frequency ~80 times less than that of gold was characterized. Relevant IR surface plasmon properties, including the propagation length and penetration depths for SPP fields, were determined from optical constants measured in the LWIR. Distinct resonances due to SPP generation were observed in angular reflection spectra of Sb lamellar gratings in the wavelength range of 6 to 11 µm. Though the real part of the permittivity is positive in this range, which violates the usual condition for the existence of bound SPP modes, calculations based on experimental permittivity showed that there is little to distinguish bound from unbound SPP modes for this material. The SPP mode decays exponentially away from the surface on both sides of the permittivity sign change. Water is found to broaden the IR plasmon resonances significantly at 9.25 micron wavelength where aqueous extinction is large. Much sharper resonances for water based IR SPR biosensor can be achieved in the 3.5 to 5.5 µm range. Nano-structured Au films (Au-black) were investigated as IR absorbers and possible solar cell enhancers based on surface plasmon resonance. The characteristic length scales of the structured films vary considerably as a function of deposition parameters, but the absorbance is found to be only weakly correlated with these distributions. Structured Au-black with a broad range of cluster length scales appear to be able to support multiple SPP modes with incident light coupling to the corrugated surface as seen by photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and SPR experiments, supporting the hypothesis that Au-black may be a suitable material for plasmon-resonance enhancement solar-cell efficiency over the broad solar spectrum.
Ph.D.
Department of Physics
Sciences
Physics PhD
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Mahmoud, Othman Naema. "Modelling Schottky Contact Surface Plasmon Nano-detector." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33015.

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Over the past few years, surface plasmon photodetectors have been of renewed interest. This is due to their unique double functionality of combining an SPP waveguide structure with a photodetection structure. This thesis investigates the performance of a Schottky nano-photodetector integrated into a finite width metal stripe which is covered by air on top and supported by silicon at the bottom, supporting the propagation of bound SPP modes. Properties of surface plasmons, including the sub-wavelength confinement, were exploited to increase the efficiency of the detector. The detector performance was explored via applying end-fire coupling to the fundamental supported mode, then the results were used to calculate the devices responsivity, dark current, minimum detectable power, and photocurrent for various metal lengths. End fire coupling to a Schottky mode supported by a nano-structured metal was done for what is believed to be the first time.
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Huda, Gazi Mostafa. "Modification of Plasmonic Nano Structures' Absorption and Scattering Under Evanescent Wave Illumination Above Optical Waveguides or With the Presence of Different Material Nano Scale Atomic Force Microscope Tips." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/43.

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The interaction of an evanescent wave and plasmonic nanostructures are simulated in Finite Element Method. Specifically, the optical absorption cross section (Cabs) of a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) in the presence of metallic (gold) and dielectric (silicon) atomic force microscope (AFM) probes are numerically calculated in COMSOL. The system was illuminated by a transverse magnetic polarized, total internally reflected (TIR) waves or propagating surface plasmon (SP) wave. Both material nanoscale probes localize and enhance the field between the apex of the tip and the particle. Based on the absorption cross section equation the author was able to demonstrate the increment of absorption cross section when the Si tip was brought closer to the AuNP, or when the Si tip apex was made larger. However, the equation was not enough to predict the absorption modification under metallic tips, especially for a AgNP's Cabs; neither it was possible to estimate the optical absorption based on the localized enhanced field caused by a gold tip. With the help of the driven damped harmonic oscillator equation, the Cabs of nanoparticles was explained. In addition, this model was applicable for both TIR and Surface Plasmon Polaritons illuminations. Fitting the numerical absorption data to a driven damped harmonic oscillator (HO) model revealed that the AFM tip modifies both the driving force (F0), consisting of the free carrier charge and the driving field, and the overall damping of the oscillator beta. An increased F0 or a decreased beta will result in an increased Cabs and vice versa. Moreover, these effects of F0 and beta can be complementary or competing, and they combine to either enhance or suppress absorption. Hence, a significantly higher beta with a small increment in F0 will result in an absorption suppression. Therefore, under a Si tip, Cabs of a AuNP is enhanced while Cabs of a AgNP is suppressed. In contrast, a Au tip suppresses the Cabs for both Au and Ag NPs. As an extension of this absorption model, further investigation of the guided mode and a close by nanostructure is proposed, where the scattered wave off the structure attenuates the guided mode with destructive interference.
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Al-Taiy, Hassanain Majeed [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Investigation of the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) Gain Enhancement in Silicon Nano-Waveguides and Applications / Hassanain Majeed Al-Taiy ; Betreuer: Thomas Schneider." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1175817775/34.

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Lombardo, David. "Design and Fabrication of Suspended Waveguides With Photonic Grating Structures." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591796311145344.

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Kuprenaite, Sabina. "Heterogeneous integration of functional thin films for acoustic and optical devices." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD039.

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Le contrôle de la microstructure et de la morphologie de surface est essentiel pour que les couches minces soient appliquées dans des dispositifs optiques et acoustiques. Des couches minces de TiO2, LaNiO3 et ZnO et leurs hétérostructures ont été obtenues par des techniques de pulvérisation cathodique à radio fréquence et de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD). L'optimisation des paramètres de dépôt, tels que la température, la pression totale de la chambre, la pression partielle d'O2 et la vitesse de croissance, a conduit à une amélioration de la qualité structurelle et fonctionnels des films minces et de leurs hétérostructures. L'orientation des couches minces épitaxiales de ZnO et TiO2 a été ajustée non seulement par le lien épitaxial avec divers substrats, mais également par les conditions de dépôt. La qualité optique des films de TiO2 a été principalement optimisée par l'élimination des défauts de microstructure et l'augmentation de la non-stoechiométrie en oxygène. Il a été démontré que les défauts ponctuels et microstructuraux dans les films polycristallins et épitaxiaux jouent un rôle clé dans les pertes de propagation optique. L'effet de la polarité du substrat sur les propriétés structurelles, optiques et acoustiques des films minces à base de ZnO a également été étudié. Les couches sacrificielles et / ou d'initiation de croissance ont été identifiées pour l'intégration hétérogène de films acoustiques et optiques fonctionnels sur substrats semi-conducteurs
The control of microstructure and surface morphology is essential for the thin films to be applied in optical and acoustic devices. Thin films of TiO2, LaNiO3 and ZnO and their heterostructures in this work were obtained by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques. The optimization of deposition parameters, such as temperature, total chamber pressure, O2 partial pressure and growth rate, led to high structural quality of functional thin films and their heterostructures. The orientation of epitaxial ZnO and TiO2 thin films was tuned not only through lattice matching with various substrates, but as well through deposition conditions. The optical quality of TiO2 films was mostly optimized through elimination of microstructural defects and increasing oxygen non-stoichiometry. It was shown that microstructural and lattice defects in polycrystalline and epitaxial films played a key role in optical propagation losses. Effect of substrate polarity on the structural, optical and acoustic properties of ZnO-based thin films was studied, as well. The sacrificial and/or seed layers were identified for heterogeneous intégration of functional acoustical and optical films with semiconductor substrates
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Vernon, Kristy C. "Strongly localised plasmons in metallic nanostructures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/19318/2/Kristy_Vernon_Citation.pdf.

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Strongly localised plasmons in metallic nano-structures offer exciting characteristics for guiding and focusing light on the nano-scale, opening the way for the development of new types of sensors, circuitry and improved resolution of optical microscopy. The work presented in this thesis focuses on two major areas of plasmonics research - nano-focusing structures and nano-sized waveguides. Nano-focusing structures focus light to an area smaller than the wavelength and will find applications in sensing, efficiently coupling light to nano-scale devices, as well as improving the resolution of near field microscopy. In the past the majority of nano-focusing structures have been nano-scale cones or tips, which are capable of focusing light to a spot of nano-scale area whilst enhancing the light field. The alternatives are triangular nano-focusing structures which have received far less attention, and only one type of triangular nano-focusing structure is known – a sharp V-groove in a metal substrate. This structure focuses light to a strip of nano-scale width, which may lead to new applications in microscopy and sensing. The difficulty with implementing the V-groove is that the structure is not robust and is quite difficult to fabricate. This thesis aims to develop new triangular nano-focusing devices which will overcome these difficulties, whilst still producing an intense light source on the nano-scale. The two proposed structures presented in this thesis are a metallic wedge submerged in uniform dielectric and a tapered metal film lying on a dielectric substrate, the latter being the easier to fabricate and the more structurally sound and robust. The investigation is performed using the approximation of continuous electrodynamics, the geometrical optics approximation and the zero-plane method. The second aim of this thesis is to investigate plasmonic waveguides and couplers for the development of nano-optical circuitry, more compact photonic devices and sensors. The research will attempt to fill the gaps in the current knowledge of the V-groove waveguide, which consists of a sharp triangular groove in a metal substrate, and the gap plasmon waveguide, which consists of a rectangular slot in a thin metal film. The majority of this work will be performed using the author’s in house finite-difference time-domain algorithm and FEMLAB as well as the effective medium method and geometric optics approximation. The V-groove may be used as either a nano-focusing or waveguiding device. As a waveguide the V-groove is one of the most promising plasmonic waveguides in the optical regime. However, there exist quite a number of gaps in the current knowledge of V-groove waveguides which this thesis will attempt to fill. In particular, the effect of rounded groove tip on plasmon propagation has been assessed for the V-groove. The investigation of rounded groove tip is important, as due to modern fabrication processes it’s not possibly to produce an infinitely sharp groove, and the existing literature has not considered the impact of this problem. The thesis will also investigate the impacts of the inclusion of dielectric filling in the groove on plasmon propagation parameters. This research will be important for optimising the propagation characteristics of the mode for certain applications, but it may also lead to easier methods of fabricating the V-groove device and prevent oxidation of the metal film. The gap plasmon waveguide is easier to fabricate than the V-groove, and is a new type of sub-wavelength waveguide which displays many advantages over other types of plasmon waveguides, including ease of fabrication, almost 100% transmission around sharp bends, sub-wavelength localisation and long propagation distances of the guided mode, etc. This waveguide may prove invaluable in the development of compact photonic devices. In the past the modes supported by this structure were not thoroughly analysed and the possibility of using this structure to develop sub-wavelength couplers for sensing and nano-optical circuits was not considered in detail. This thesis aims to resolve these issues. In conclusion, the results of this thesis will lead to a better understanding of Vgroove and gap plasmon waveguide devices for the development of nano-optical circuits, compact photonic devices and sensors. This thesis also proposes two new nano-focusing structures which are easier to fabricate than the V-groove structure and will lead to applications in sensing, coupling light efficiently into nano-scale devices and improving the resolution of near-field microscopy.
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Vernon, Kristy C. "Strongly localised plasmons in metallic nanostructures." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/19318/.

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Strongly localised plasmons in metallic nano-structures offer exciting characteristics for guiding and focusing light on the nano-scale, opening the way for the development of new types of sensors, circuitry and improved resolution of optical microscopy. The work presented in this thesis focuses on two major areas of plasmonics research - nano-focusing structures and nano-sized waveguides. Nano-focusing structures focus light to an area smaller than the wavelength and will find applications in sensing, efficiently coupling light to nano-scale devices, as well as improving the resolution of near field microscopy. In the past the majority of nano-focusing structures have been nano-scale cones or tips, which are capable of focusing light to a spot of nano-scale area whilst enhancing the light field. The alternatives are triangular nano-focusing structures which have received far less attention, and only one type of triangular nano-focusing structure is known – a sharp V-groove in a metal substrate. This structure focuses light to a strip of nano-scale width, which may lead to new applications in microscopy and sensing. The difficulty with implementing the V-groove is that the structure is not robust and is quite difficult to fabricate. This thesis aims to develop new triangular nano-focusing devices which will overcome these difficulties, whilst still producing an intense light source on the nano-scale. The two proposed structures presented in this thesis are a metallic wedge submerged in uniform dielectric and a tapered metal film lying on a dielectric substrate, the latter being the easier to fabricate and the more structurally sound and robust. The investigation is performed using the approximation of continuous electrodynamics, the geometrical optics approximation and the zero-plane method. The second aim of this thesis is to investigate plasmonic waveguides and couplers for the development of nano-optical circuitry, more compact photonic devices and sensors. The research will attempt to fill the gaps in the current knowledge of the V-groove waveguide, which consists of a sharp triangular groove in a metal substrate, and the gap plasmon waveguide, which consists of a rectangular slot in a thin metal film. The majority of this work will be performed using the author’s in house finite-difference time-domain algorithm and FEMLAB as well as the effective medium method and geometric optics approximation. The V-groove may be used as either a nano-focusing or waveguiding device. As a waveguide the V-groove is one of the most promising plasmonic waveguides in the optical regime. However, there exist quite a number of gaps in the current knowledge of V-groove waveguides which this thesis will attempt to fill. In particular, the effect of rounded groove tip on plasmon propagation has been assessed for the V-groove. The investigation of rounded groove tip is important, as due to modern fabrication processes it’s not possibly to produce an infinitely sharp groove, and the existing literature has not considered the impact of this problem. The thesis will also investigate the impacts of the inclusion of dielectric filling in the groove on plasmon propagation parameters. This research will be important for optimising the propagation characteristics of the mode for certain applications, but it may also lead to easier methods of fabricating the V-groove device and prevent oxidation of the metal film. The gap plasmon waveguide is easier to fabricate than the V-groove, and is a new type of sub-wavelength waveguide which displays many advantages over other types of plasmon waveguides, including ease of fabrication, almost 100% transmission around sharp bends, sub-wavelength localisation and long propagation distances of the guided mode, etc. This waveguide may prove invaluable in the development of compact photonic devices. In the past the modes supported by this structure were not thoroughly analysed and the possibility of using this structure to develop sub-wavelength couplers for sensing and nano-optical circuits was not considered in detail. This thesis aims to resolve these issues. In conclusion, the results of this thesis will lead to a better understanding of Vgroove and gap plasmon waveguide devices for the development of nano-optical circuits, compact photonic devices and sensors. This thesis also proposes two new nano-focusing structures which are easier to fabricate than the V-groove structure and will lead to applications in sensing, coupling light efficiently into nano-scale devices and improving the resolution of near-field microscopy.
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Books on the topic "Nano-waveguides"

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Gordillo, Oscar Adrian Jimenez. Interfacing nanophotonic waveguides with the macro and the nano scales. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nano-waveguides"

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Chen, Chii-Chang. "Slow Light in Nano-structured Waveguides." In Topics in Applied Physics, 421–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9392-6_21.

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Schuster, Tobias, René Landgraf, Andreas Finn, and Michael Mertig. "Biosensing with Optical Waveguides." In Bio and Nano Packaging Techniques for Electron Devices, 557–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28522-6_28.

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Takazawa, K., J. Inoue, and K. Mitsuishi. "Miniaturized Photonic Circuit Components Constructed from Organic Dye Nanofiber Waveguides." In Nano-Optics and Nanophotonics, 119–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45082-6_5.

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Rieske, Ralf. "Photonic System Integration of Optical Waveguides in MOEMS." In Bio and Nano Packaging Techniques for Electron Devices, 539–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28522-6_27.

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Chen, Feng, and Javier R. Vázquez de Aldana. "Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing of Optical Waveguides in Dielectrics." In Laser Micro-Nano-Manufacturing and 3D Microprinting, 185–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59313-1_6.

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Semenova, I. V., G. V. Dreiden, and A. M. Samsonov. "Nonlinear Bulk Elastic Waves in Layered Solid Waveguides." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 591–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_293.

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Wu, Ming, Hai Rong Liu, Wei Jun Tong, and De Xiu Huang. "Design and Analysis of 2D Photonic Crystal Waveguides for High Coupling Efficiency." In Semiconductor Photonics: Nano-Structured Materials and Devices, 27–29. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-471-5.27.

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Wasley, Nicholas Andrew. "Disorder Limited Photon Propagation and Anderson Localisation in Photonic Crystal Waveguides." In Nano-photonics in III-V Semiconductors for Integrated Quantum Optical Circuits, 31–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01514-9_3.

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Takahara, Junichi. "Negative Dielectric Optical Waveguides for Nano-Optical Guiding." In Plasmonic, 33–62. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429066429-2.

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Zia, Rashid, and Mark Brongersma. "Chapter 7 Metal stripe surface plasmon waveguides." In Advances in Nano-Optics and Nano-Physics, 191–218. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1871-0018(06)02007-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nano-waveguides"

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Satuby, Yinon, Nikolai Berkovitch, and Meir Orenstein. "Coupling of nano-stripe and nano-slot plasmonic waveguides." In 2007 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qels.2007.4431683.

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Feigenbaum, Eyal, and Meir Orenstein. "Plasmonic Coaxial Nano-Cavities and Waveguides." In 2006 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2006.279028.

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Yamauchi, Junji, Takashi Hashimoto, Yuu Wakabayashi, and Hisamatsu Nakano. "Polarization converters using optical nano-waveguides." In Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iprsn.2012.im3b.6.

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Yikai Su, Qiang Li, Fangfei Liu, Ziyang Zhang, and Min Qiu. "Optical signal processing in silicon nano-waveguides." In 2008 Joint Conference of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oeccacoft.2008.4610555.

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Yoshida, Yasuhiko, Isamu Wakabayashi, and Takayuki Kawahara. "Scaling limit of silicon nano-wire waveguides." In 2016 5th International Symposium on Next-Generation Electronics (ISNE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isne.2016.7543307.

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Hong-Son Chu, Iftikhar Ahmed, Wei-Bin Ewe, and Er-Ping Li. "Guiding light in different plasmoic nano-slot waveguides for nano-interconnect application." In Exhibition. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apemc.2008.4559944.

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Sun, F., and Z. Zhou. "Size Reduction Technology of SOI-based Nano-waveguides." In 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics - Pacific Rim. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.2007.4391270.

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Asquini, Rita, Luca Martini, Antonio d'Alessandro, Paolo Pasini, Cesare Chiccoli, and Claudio Zannoni. "Nano-structured liquid crystal waveguides for optofluidic applications." In 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2015.7388994.

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Edwards, Brian, and Nader Engheta. "Suspended MIM Optical Waveguides with Optical Nano-Antennas." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2014.ftu2k.1.

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Fox, A. Mark. "Chiral Quantum Photonics in Semiconductor Nano-Photonic Waveguides." In 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840202.

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