Journal articles: 'Nano structure materials'

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Wejrzanowski, Tomasz, Małgorzata Lewandowska, and Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski. "STEREOLOGY OF NANO-MATERIALS." Image Analysis & Stereology 29, no. 1 (May 3, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v29.p1-12.

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Nano-structured materials attract a growing attention due to their superior mechanical and physical properties. Such properties are inherently related to the unique structure which is controlled at the nano-scale. In the early stage of their development, the structural characterization of nano-materials was limited to the average grain/particle size. However, nano-grains/particles form stochastic populations with diverse size and shape. The recent experimental and theoretical results show that in addition to the average size, size diversity of grains/particles has a significant effect on the properties of nano-materials. This rationalizes more advanced description of the structures of nano-materials. Advanced microscopic methods are now available to image microstructure of nano-materials, e.g., HRSTEM and AFM. The ultra-high resolution images can be efficiently processed to obtain quantitative description of the nano-grains/particles. Examples are shown how such a description can be used for optimizing the microstructures of modern engineering nano-materials.

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Kugimiya, Koichi, Ken Hirota, Mitsuo Satomi, and Osamu Inoue. "Metal/dielectrics nano-structure controlled materials." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 37, no. 2 (1990): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.37.333.

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Li, Pengfei, Weiyan Wang, Hongjiang Li, Renjie Miao, Xuan Feng, Lei Qian, and Weijie Song. "Foldable solar cells: Structure design and flexible materials." Nano Select 2, no. 5 (January 8, 2021): 865–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nano.202000163.

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Németh, Péter, and Laurence A. J. Garvie. "Extraterrestrial, shock-formed, cage-like nanostructured carbonaceous materials." American Mineralogist 105, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7305.

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Abstract Shock caused by impacts can convert carbonaceous material to diamond. During this transition, new materials can form that depend on the structure of the starting carbonaceous materials and the shock conditions. Here we report the discovery of cage-like nanostructured carbonaceous materials, including carbon nano-onions and bucky-diamonds, formed through extraterrestrial impacts in the Gujba (CBa) meteorite. The nano-onions are fullerene-type materials and range from 5 to 20 nm; the majority shows a graphitic core-shell structure, and some are characterized by fully curved, onion-like graphitic shells. The core is either filled with carbonaceous material or empty. We show the first, natural, 4 nm sized bucky-diamond, which is a type of carbon nano-onion consisting of multilayer graphitic shells surrounding a diamond core. We propose that the nano-onions formed during shock metamorphism, either the shock or the release wave, of the pre-existing primitive carbonaceous material that included nanodiamonds, poorly ordered graphitic material, and amorphous carbonaceous nanospheres. Bucky-diamonds could have formed either through the high-pressure transformation of nano-onions, or as an intermediate material in the high-temperature transformation of nanodiamond to nano-onion. Impact processing of planetary materials was and is a common process in our solar system, and by extension, throughout extrasolar planetary bodies. Together with our previous discovery of interstratified graphite-diamond in Gujba, our new findings extend the range of nano-structured carbonaceous materials formed in nature. Shock-formed nano-onions and bucky-diamonds are fullerene-type structures, and as such they could contribute to the astronomical 217.5 nm absorption feature.

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MATSUZAKI, Keiju, Shojiro MIYAKE, and Jongduk KIM. "Nano processing of layered crystal structure materials." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.3 (2000): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.3.0_503.

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Kitamura, Takayuki, Yoshitaka Umeno, and Akihiro Kushima. "Ideal Strength of Nano-Components." Materials Science Forum 482 (April 2005): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.482.25.

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The ideal (theoretical) strength was originally defined as the stress or strain at which perfect crystal lattice became mechanically unstable with respect to arbitrary homogeneous infinitesimal deformation. This has been intensely investigated because the ultimate strength without defects is a fundamental mechanical characteristic of materials. In the analyses, the instability criteria have been studied on the basis of elastic constants. Recent developments in computational technology make it possible to analyze the ideal strength on the basis of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, it is well known that the mechanical strength of components is dependent not only on (1) material (atom species), but also on (2) loading condition and (3) structure. Because most studies on the strength in terms of atomic mechanics have focused on the factor (1) (materials), analysis has mainly been conducted on simple crystal consisting of perfect lattices (e.g. fcc and bcc) under simple loading conditions (e.g. tension), though some have explored the properties of bulk materials with defects (e.g. vacancy and grain boundary). Small atomic components (nano-structured components) such as nano-films, nano-wires (tubes) and nano-dots (clusters) possess their own beautiful, defect-free structures, namely ideal structure. Thus, they show characteristic high strength. Moreover, utilizing the structure at the nanometer or micron level is a key technology in the development of electronic devices and elements of micro (nano) electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanical properties not only for the sake of scientific interest, but also for engineering usefulness such as design of fabrication/assembly processes and reliability in service. In the other words, the effects of structure (factor (3); e.g. film/wire/dot) have to be understood as the basic properties of atomic components. Thus, the definition of ideal strength should be expanded to include the strength at instability of components with ideal structures under various external loads (factor (2)), which provides fundamental knowledge of nano-structured materials. In this paper, we review works on the strength of ideal nano-structured components in terms of factor (3), mainly under tension.

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Huan, Yuchun, Kaidi Wu, Changjiu Li, Hanlin Liao, Marc Debliquy, and Chao Zhang. "Micro-nano structured functional coatings deposited by liquid plasma spraying." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 9, no. 5 (August 10, 2020): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0402-9.

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Abstract Inspired by the micro-nano structure on the surface of biological materials or living organisms, micro-nano structure has been widely investigated in the field of functional coatings. Due to its large specific surface area, porosity, and dual-scale structure, it has recently attracted special attention. The typical fabrication processes of micro-nano structured coatings include sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, etc. This paper presents the main features of a recent deposition and synthesis technique, liquid plasma spraying (LPS). LPS is an important technical improvement of atmospheric plasma spraying. Compared with atmospheric plasma spraying, LPS is more suitable for preparing functional coatings with micro-nano structure. Micro-nano structured coatings are mainly classified into hierarchical-structure and binary-structure. The present study reviews the preparation technology, structural characteristics, functional properties, and potential applications of LPS coatings with a micro-nano structure. The micro-nano structured coatings obtained through tailoring the structure will present excellent performances.

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Kakiage, Masaki, Rie Takamatsu, Hiroki Uehara, Takeshi Yamanobe, and Keizo Suzuki. "Nano-Platelet Structure of Clay Materials Observed by Atomic Force Microscope." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.57.

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In this study, we investigated the nano-platelet structures of original and organically modified montmorillonite clays. Atomic force microscope observation gave accurate width and thickness of the nano-platelet clays. The organically modified clays could not be homogeneously dispersed even in organic solvent. Ultrasonication of the solution resulted in the destruction of the layered structure of the clays. In contrast, the supernatant solution before ultrasonication contained the mono-layered nano-platelets of the organically modified clays whose surface was rough in the angstrom level due to the adsorbed molecules.

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Michael, J. R., L. N. Brewer, D. C. Miller, K. R. Zavadil, S. V. Prasad, and P. G. Kotula. "Microscopy and Microanalysis of Nano-Scale Materials." Microscopy Today 14, no. 5 (September 2006): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058594.

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Material scientists and engineers continue to developmaterials and structures that are ever smaller. Some of this engineering is to simply domore with less while the science of nanomaterials allows new materials to be produced with a novel range of physical and chemical properties due to the small length scales of the microstructural features of thematerials. Currently, nanoscalematerials have been produced with a diverse set of useful properties and can be found in common substances like sunscreen or technologically advanced microelectronic devices. A complete understanding of materials is based on knowledge of the processing used to produce an interesting material coupled with a full characterization of the structure that results. It is this structure/property relationship that is the basis of understanding any newmaterial developed at all length scales.

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Sonika, Sushil Kumar Verma, Siddhartha Samanta, Sabyasachi Khatua, and Sumit Kushwaha. "Prospect of Lithium-ion Battery in Designing Environment Friendly Hybrid Electric Vehicles." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012062.

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Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are the most suitable energy storage device for powering of electronic devices such as mobile, laptop, electrical vehicle etc. Electrical vehicles are associated with green technology it reduces environmental pollution due to their low emission of green-house gases. In this review I discussed about the present and the future battery technologies on the basis of the working electrodes, such as nano-structured electrode materials and their charging and discharging capacity. Now a days nano structured electrode material are used in electrical vehicle due to their large surface area and good conductivity of nano materials. The main discussion is categorized into four perspectives such as, Electrochemistry of Lithium-ion battery, Advantage of nano structure anode materials and advantage of nano structure cathode materials and future prospective.

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Garcia, R., N. Fedorova, V. Knowlton, C. Oldham, and B. Pourdeyhimi. "Sample Preparation for Textile Nanofiber Composites." Microscopy Today 13, no. 2 (March 2005): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051476.

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The increased emphasis on nano-structured materials is placing an ever increasing demand on sample preparation techniques to unveil such fine structure. Nano-structured fibers are even more difficult because of the ease with which these materials can smear even when prepared under liquid nitrogen (LN2) as shown (Figure 1). This is especially true for the islandin- the-sea structures where it is rather hard to reveal the island structures due to smearing. In the search for a possible solution, a sample preparation technique that has shown great results in other composite structures of different polymer blends was applied to these structures.

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Alkhtaby, Lila A. "Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Nano-Structure Materials." Advanced Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): AMP1401434R1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amp.2018/1434.

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13

Sasaki, Gen. "Structure Control of Materials in Nano- and Mesoscale." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 67, no. 12 (2003): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.67.12_689.

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Nakazawa, T., K. Oshida, N. Ono, K. Ohsawa, M. Endo, and S. Bonnamy. "Structure and electrical resistivity of nano-carbon materials." Thin Solid Films 464-465 (October 2004): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.06.034.

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Bemanian, Mohammadreza, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Ali Karam, and Sima Rezaei Ashtiani. "Architectural Application of Smart Materials for Non-Flexible Structures Made by Flexible Formworks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.132.

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Flexible formworks are dominantly used for concrete constructions. These constructions become rigid after curing and their form cannot be changed, also their color or translucency is stable during usage period; i.e. these constructions are not flexible. On the other hand, in order to satisfy new architectural requirements the necessity of flexibility and smartness is undeniable for the construction.The questions of this paper are: How smartness can be added to rigid structures? What are the roles of nano-flexible formworks to turn non-flexible structures into flexible ones? To answer the research questions, descriptive - analytical research method has been adopted and empirical data gathered to feed inference mechanism. Our investigation shows that if the flexible formwork has been made by smart materials which are changeable in nano-scale, and the formwork is left on the structure even after curing, it would act as a nano-flexible skin for the structure and would satisfy some architectural requirements in nano-scale.

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Ribis, Joël, Isabelle Mouton, Cédric Baumier, Aurélie Gentils, Marie Loyer-Prost, Laurence Lunéville, and David Siméone. "Nano-Structured Materials under Irradiation: Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Steels." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102590.

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Oxide dispersion-strengthened materials are reinforced by a (Y, Ti, O) nano-oxide dispersion and thus can be considered as nanostructured materials. In this alloy, most of the nanoprecipitates are (Y, Ti, O) nano-oxides exhibiting a Y2Ti2O7 pyrochlore-like structure. However, the lattice structure of the smallest oxides is difficult to determine, but it is likely to be close to the atomic structure of the host matrix. Designed to serve in extreme environments—i.e., a nuclear power plant—the challenge for ODS steels is to preserve the nano-oxide dispersion under irradiation in order to maintain the excellent creep properties of the alloy in the reactor. Under irradiation, the nano-oxides exhibit different behaviour as a function of the temperature. At low temperature, the nano-oxides tend to dissolve owing to the frequent ballistic ejection of the solute atoms. At medium temperature, the thermal diffusion balances the ballistic dissolution, and the nano-oxides display an apparent stability. At high temperature, the nano-oxides start to coarsen, resulting in an increase in their size and a decrease in their number density. If the small nano-oxides coarsen through a radiation-enhanced Ostwald ripening mechanism, some large oxides disappear to the benefit of the small ones through a radiation-induced inverse Ostwald ripening. In conclusion, it is suggested that, under irradiation, the nano-oxide dispersion prevails over dislocations, grain boundaries and free surfaces to remove the point defects created by irradiation.

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Fujiwara, Hiroshi, Ryota Akada, Yuki Yoshita, and Kei Ameyama. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Nano-Duplex Materials Produced by HRS Process." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.227.

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An SUS316L and a Ti-6Al-4V alloy powders are treated by Mechanical Milling (MM) process, which is one of SPD processes, and then sintered by Hot Roll Sintering (HRS) process. The HRS process consolidates powder by hot rolling of an evacuated metal pipe filled with the powder at elevated temperatures. Those MM powders have a heavy deformed microstructure at the surface region and have a work hardened microstructure in the core region of the powder. In the surface region, a nano grain structure forms after the MM treatment in both materials. In case of the SUS316L powder, such a nano grain structure consists of an equiaxed nano ferrite (􀁄) grains which has transformed from nano austenite (􀁊) grains. Volume fraction of the 􀁄 phase decreases with distance from the surface of powder. During HRS the (􀁄 + 􀁊) nano-duplex structure changes to (sigma (􀁖) + 􀁊) nano-duplex structure by transformation of the 􀁄 to the 􀁖 phase. Thus, the SUS316L HRS material consists of a hybrid structure. That is, a (􀁖 + 􀁊) nano-duplex structure at the powder shell region, and a work hardened 􀁊 structure in the powder core region. In case of the Ti-6Al-4V MM powder, though no remarkable transformation occurs, a heavy deformed shell and work hardened core hybrid structure is also produced in the powder. By HRS the Ti-6Al-4V MM powder demonstrates a hybrid structure consists of an equiaxed nano grain structure and a coarse martensite structure. These two HRS materials indicate superior mechanical properties. Mechanical properties are improved by the HRS process. The proof stress and tensile strength in the SUS316L HRS material are x3.8 and x2.1 of the SUS316L conventional material, respectively. In the Ti-6Al-4V HRS material, they are x1.7 and x1.5 compared to the Ti-6Al-4V conventional material.

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Liu, Shengda, Jiayun Xu, Xiumei Li, Tengfei Yan, Shuangjiang Yu, Hongcheng Sun, and Junqiu Liu. "Template-Free Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional Polymers into Nano/Microstructured Materials." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113310.

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In the past few decades, enormous efforts have been made to synthesize covalent polymer nano/microstructured materials with specific morphologies, due to the relationship between their structures and functions. Up to now, the formation of most of these structures often requires either templates or preorganization in order to construct a specific structure before, and then the subsequent removal of previous templates to form a desired structure, on account of the lack of “self-error-correcting” properties of reversible interactions in polymers. The above processes are time-consuming and tedious. A template-free, self-assembled strategy as a “bottom-up” route to fabricate well-defined nano/microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, we introduce the recent progress in template-free, self-assembled nano/microstructures formed by covalent two-dimensional (2D) polymers, such as polymer capsules, polymer films, polymer tubes and polymer rings.

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Ngo, Van Thuc, Thanh Quang Khai Lam, Thi My Dung Do, and Trong Chuc Nguyen. "Nano concrete aggregation with steel fibers: A problem to enhance the tensile strength of concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503001.

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In Vietnam, nano technology began to be interested in research and development, typically the seminar program of production research, silicon nano applications from waste materials and investment projects to build silicon nano manufacturing in Ho Chi Minh City. Researching the properties and applications of nano concrete in Vietnam with the desire to apply to some types of bridge and road structures today and step by step research on nano concrete application in designing some structure of bridges, roads, and other special works. With new materials used to determine the mechanical properties of materials and the characteristics of destruction at the limit of failure is essential. Moreover, high strength concrete materials are often brittle, so it is necessary to study measures to increase the plasticity to obtain the structure to ensure the requirements of the bearing and nano concrete with steel fibers. Steel fibers will make nano concrete increase tensile resistance in concrete.

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Hutsaylyuk, Volodymyr, Lucjan Śnieżek, Mykola Czausow, Valentin Berezin, and Andriy Pylypenko. "The Danger of Self-Organizing Structures in Materials Subjected to Dynamical Non-Equilibrium Processes." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.525.

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Researched the effect of DNP on mechanical properties of materials with a coarse-grained and fine-grained initial structure of aluminum alloy 2024 - T3, D16 and nano-crystallite titanium VT1-0. It has been shown that self-organization of structures at dynamic non-equilibrium processes is a critical parameter for materials with a nano-structures, since it significantly reduces the strength at the subsequent loading.

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Lin, Zhaowen. "Nano-chitin in 3D Printing Technology: Its Structure, Preparation and Application." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v4i1.3254.

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Chitin nano-materials derived from natural organisms are receiving much attention due to reduced fossil resources. In order to reduce carbon emissions and waste of valuable resources, nano-chitin materials manufacturing technology has been developed. Studies of the preparation and characterization of 3D printing functional nano-chitin materials can provide insights into desirable properties such as biocompatibility, high surface area. In this review, we compare and highlight the different methods for nano-chitin extraction from renewable resources and the conversion of the obtained nano-chitin into compound material with high 3D printing capabilities. Finally, the application of nano-chitin in the field of 3D printing is described with future prospects.

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KARIYA, Shota, and Tatsuro MORITA. "OS12-3 Influence of Fine Particle Bombarding on Surface Properties of Metals with Different Crystallographic Structure(Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials-1,OS12 Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials,MICRO AND NANO MECHANICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.185.

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Li, Cai Xia, Qing Lv, Jie Song, Dan Yu Jiang, and Qiang Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Films Materials." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.160.

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Nano-sheets are two-dimensional sheet materials exfoliated from the inorganic layered compounds by various physical and chemical methods. Their unique characteristics insertion reaction and excellent physical and chemical properties have attracted more and more researchers' widespread interests. Selecting quartz glass as the substrate, using layer by layer self-assembly technology, different nano-films materials are prepared. UV/Vis spectroscopy confirmed nano-films materials have been successfully assembled using LBL self-assembly technique. Raman spectrum are mainly used to analyze and characterize the structure of nano-films materials.

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Tozuka, Yuichi. "Particle design using nano-assembly structure of transglycosylated materials." Drug Delivery System 30, no. 2 (2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.30.111.

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Tozuka, Yuichi. "Particle Design Using Nano-assembly Structure of Transglycosylated Materials." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 53, no. 1 (2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.53.14.

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Sugaya, Y., O. Inoue, and K. Kugimiya. "Soft magnetic properties of nano-structure-controlled magnetic materials." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, no. 6 (1994): 4945–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.334274.

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Sugaya, Y., O. Inoue, and K. Kugimiya. "Soft magnetic properties of nano-structure-controlled magnetic materials." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31, no. 3 (May 1995): 2197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.376245.

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Nishi, Toshio, So Fujinami, Dong Wang, Hao Liu, and Ken Nakajima. "Structure and dynamics of polymeric materials in nano-scale." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 29, no. 1 (November 3, 2010): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-010-1023-5.

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He, Yuhao, Qing Zeng, Yaru Liu, Peng Liu, Yuqin Zeng, Zhenghong Xu, and Qicheng Liu. "Evaluation of the Composite Mechanism of Nano-Fe2O3/Asphalt Based on Molecular Simulation and Experiments." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123425.

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Asphalt, as an indispensable binder in road paving, plays an important role in transportation development. However, the mechanism of action between the modifier and asphalt cannot be fully explained by the existing test methods. This paper combines molecular simulations with experiments to provide a research and analysis tool to evaluate the “structure−performance” relationship of asphalt. From the trend of experimental results, the optimal content of Nano-Fe2O3 is 1% to 3%. The AFM micrograph of the asphalt material shows that at 3%, the Nano-Fe2O3 can be effectively dispersed in the asphalt and the unique “ bee structures “ of the asphalt can be adsorbed around the modifier. Molecular dynamics studies and results show that when Nano-Fe2O3 are incorporated into the asphalt and have a strong adsorption force on the colloidal structure of asphalt, the “ bee structures “ can be adsorbed around the Nano-Fe2O3. In the range of 208–543 K, the sol-gel structure of asphalt in the Nano-Fe2O3/asphalt composite system is gradually disrupted.

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Jia, Zhenfeng, Yizhou Shen, Jie Tao, Yu Zhang, Haifeng Chen, Yang Lu, and Zhengwei Wu. "Understanding the Solid–Ice Interface Mechanism on the Hydrophobic Nano-Pillar Structure Epoxy Surface for Reducing Ice Adhesion." Coatings 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111043.

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Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades reduces power generation efficiency and increases wind turbines’ maintenance cost, even causing equipment damage and casualties. In this work, in order to achieve passive anti-icing, a series of nano-pillar array structures with different diameters of from 100 to 400 nm and heights of from 400 to 1500 nm were constructed on the substrate bisphenol-A epoxy resin, which is generally used in the manufacturing of wind turbine blades. The as-constructed functional surface showed excellent water repellence, with a contact angle of up to 154.3°. The water repellence on the nano-pillar array structures could induce ultra-low ice adhesion as low as 7.0 kPa, finding their place in the widely recognized scope of icephobic materials. The underlying solid–ice interface mechanism was well revealed in regard to two aspects: the interface non-wetting regime and the stress concentration behavior on the nano-pillar array structured surface. A detailed discussion on both the factors presented here will help surface structure design and function of icephobic materials, especially for epoxy-based composite materials.

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Liu, Xiaoyan, Tingchen Fang, and Junqing Zuo. "Effect of Nano-Materials on Autogenous Shrinkage Properties of Cement Based Materials." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091144.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of nano-montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, and nano calcium carbonate on autogenous shrinkage of cement based materials. Cement paste with different nano-montmorillonite dosage (1.0 wt.%, 2.0 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%), carbon nanotubes dosage (0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%), and nano calcium carbonate dosage (1.0 wt.%, 2.0 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%) were compared with the reference group to assess the effects of nano-materials on cement paste. Results show that autogenous shrinkage of cement based materials containing nano-materials mainly occurs in the first 72 h. Nano-materials decrease the autogenous shrinkage of the investigated cement based materials at all ages. Compared with that of the reference group at the age of 168 h, the autogenous shrinkage of NM-modified cement based composites containing 3.0 wt.% NM decreased by as much as 57.4%; the autogenous shrinkage of CNTs-modified cement based composites containing 0.3 wt.% CNTs decreased by as much as 19.4%; the autogenous shrinkage of NC-modified cement based composites containing 2.0 wt.% NC decreased by as much as 17.1%. Electrochemical AC (Alternating Current) impedance spectroscopy results show that the resistance of the pore solution electrolyte of specimens containing nano-materials increases with age, and is less than that of specimens without nano-materials, which illustrates that the pore size of nano-modified cement based material is finer and autogenous shrinkage is smaller. Scanning electron microscope results show that the structure of cement matrix is denser with more hydration products by adding nano-materials. Nano-montmorillonite releases water to reduce self-drying effect during the process of hydration for its well water swelling. Carbon nanotubes have the nanometer filling effect and form a continuous network to restrain the early autogenous shrinkage of cement paste. Nano calcium carbonate not only decreases the porosity of the cement paste, but also reacts with tricalcium aluminate to generate the expanded product calcium carboaluminate for compensating autogenous shrinkage of cement paste.

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Zhao, Tianyi, Yong Zhao, and Lei Jiang. "Nano-/microstructure improved photocatalytic activities of semiconductors." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 2000 (October 13, 2013): 20120303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0303.

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Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising technique owing to its valuable applications in environmental purification. With the demand of building effective photocatalyst materials, semiconductor investigation experienced a developing process from simple chemical modification to complicated morphology design. In this review, the general relationship between morphology structures and photocatalytic properties is mainly discussed. Various nano-/microsized structures from zero- to three-dimensional are discussed, and the photocatalytic efficiency correspon- ding to the structures is analysed. The results showed that simple structures can be easily obtained and can facilitate chemical modification, whereas one- or three-dimensional structures can provide structure-enhanced properties such as surface area increase, multiple reflections of UV light, etc. Those principles of structure-related photocatalytic properties will afford basic ideology in designing new photocatalytic materials with more effective catalytic properties.

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Yin, Ming. "Nano-Machining Polishing Method on Metal Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.455.

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Ice desk can realize the polishing on the metal material. Ice desk polishing can decrease the surface. Ice desk polishing can get ideal polishing result on LY12 aluminum alloy, which is nonferrous metal and unsuitable for traditional grinding and polishing. Under micro-loading or zero-loading, when the two faces are in sliding friction and the interval of boundary interface decreases to the degree that molecular force can make its function, the main reason removing the metal surface materials is lattice relaxing, structure splitting, surface energy and adherence energy in the interface. Crystal structure, surface crystal orientation, surface bias-gathering effect, adsorbs effect etc. is all have influences on the surface roughness of the metal material.

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Ameyama, Kei, and Hiroshi Fujiwara. "Creation of Harmonic Structure Materials with Outstanding Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.9.

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Conventional material developments have emphasized ultrafine grain refinement and homogenization. However, “nano- and homo-” materials do not usually satisfy the need to be both strong but ductile, which are of course rather contradictory characteristics. To solve such a problem, we have succeeded in designing a “Harmonic Structure Material” that is both a “nano- and harmonic” material which has overcome that antinomy through use of one of the non-equilibrium powder metallurgy (PM) processes called the severe plastic deformation (SPD) PM process. In the present study, pure Ti, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and SUS316L stainless steel powders are subjected to mechanical milling (MM) for various periods of time. The MM powders have two kinds of microstructure, which can be controlled by the MM conditions. They include ultra fine and coarse grain structures known as “shell” and “core”, respectively. Subsequently, these MM powders are sintered using conventional sintering processes. The sintered materials with the shell and the core have a network structure of continuously connected shells, which we refer to as a harmonic structure. The sintered materials with the harmonic structure simultaneously demonstrate both high strength and elongation. These outstanding mechanical properties are influenced by harmonic structure characteristics such as shell and core grain sizes, shell area fraction and shell network size. Thus, the harmonic structure can be considered as a remarkable design for improving the mechanical properties of materials

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Yang, Liangliang, Jiangtao Wei, Zhe Ma, Peishuai Song, Jing Ma, Yongqiang Zhao, Zhen Huang, Mingliang Zhang, Fuhua Yang, and Xiaodong Wang. "The Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures by Laser Machining." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121789.

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Micro/nano structures have unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Studies on the preparation of micro/nano structures are of considerable research value and broad development prospects. Several micro/nano structure preparation techniques have already been developed, such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam techniques, nanoimprint techniques. However, the available geometries directly implemented by those means are limited to the 2D mode. Laser machining, a new technology for micro/nano structural preparation, has received great attention in recent years for its wide application to almost all types of materials through a scalable, one-step method, and its unique 3D processing capabilities, high manufacturing resolution and high designability. In addition, micro/nano structures prepared by laser machining have a wide range of applications in photonics, Surface plasma resonance, optoelectronics, biochemical sensing, micro/nanofluidics, photofluidics, biomedical, and associated fields. In this paper, updated achievements of laser-assisted fabrication of micro/nano structures are reviewed and summarized. It focuses on the researchers’ findings, and analyzes materials, morphology, possible applications and laser machining of micro/nano structures in detail. Seven kinds of materials are generalized, including metal, organics or polymers, semiconductors, glass, oxides, carbon materials, and piezoelectric materials. In the end, further prospects to the future of laser machining are proposed.

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Yang, Bo, Lanxing Gao, Miaoxuan Xue, Haihe Wang, Yanqing Hou, Yingchun Luo, Han Xiao, et al. "Experimental and Simulation Research on the Preparation of Carbon Nano-Materials by Chemical Vapor Deposition." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237356.

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Carbon nano-materials have been widely used in many fields due to their electron transport, mechanics, and gas adsorption properties. This paper introduces the structure and properties of carbon nano-materials the preparation of carbon nano-materials by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD)—which is one of the most common preparation methods—and reaction simulation. A major factor affecting the material structure is its preparation link. Different preparation methods or different conditions will have a great impact on the structure and properties of the material (mechanical properties, electrical properties, magnetism, etc.). The main influencing factors (precursor, substrate, and catalyst) of carbon nano-materials prepared by CVD are summarized. Through simulation, the reaction can be optimized and the growth mode of substances can be controlled. Currently, numerical simulations of the CVD process can be utilized in two ways: changing the CVD reactor structure and observing CVD chemical reactions. Therefore, the development and research status of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for CVD are summarized, as is the potential of combining experimental studies and numerical simulations to achieve and optimize controllable carbon nano-materials growth.

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Malyshevsky, V. A., E. I. Khlusova, and V. V. Orlov. "Technologies of Nanomodification of Low-Carbon Low Alloyed Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3123.

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Metallurgical industry can be considered as a field most accommodated for perception of nano-technologies, which in the near future will be able to provide large scale production and high level of investments return. Specially noted should physical and mechanical properties of nano-structured steels and alloys (strength, plasticity, toughness and so on) which will cardinally excel characteristics of respective materials developed using conventional technologies. Investigations have shown that basic principles of selection of a structure up to nano-level for low-carbon low-alloy steels can be put forward, that is: 1) morphological similarity of structural components, pre-domination of globular type structures due to reduction in carbon components and rational alloying; 2) formation of fine-dispersed carbide phase of globular morphology; 3) exclusion of lengthy interphase boundaries; 4) formation of fragmented structure with boundaries close to wide-angle ones, which inherited structure of fine-grained deformed austenite.

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Simeone, D., G. Baldinozzi, D. Gosset, G. Demange, Y. Zhang, and L. Luneville. "An attempt to handle the nanopatterning of materials created under ion beam mixing." MRS Proceedings 1514 (2013): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.449.

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ABSTRACTIn the past fifty years, experimental works based on TEM or grazing incidence X ray diffraction have clearly shown that alloys and ceramics exhibit a nano pattering under irradiation [1,2,3]. Many works were devoted to study the nano patterning induced by ion beam mixing in solids [17,18,19]. Understanding the nano patterning will provide scientific bases to tailor materials with well-defined microstructures at the nanometric scale. The slowing down of impinging particles in solids leads to a complex distribution of subcascades. Each subcascade will give rise to an athermal diffusion of atoms in the medium. In this work, we focused on this point. Based on the well-known Cahn Hilliard Cook (CHC) equation, we analytically calculate the structure factor describing the nano patterning within the mean field approximation. It has shown that this analytical structure factor mimics the structure factor extracted from direct numerical simulations of the time dependent CHC equation. It appears that this structure factor exhibits a universal feature under irradiation.

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Andrikopoulos, Konstantinos S., Giannis Bounos, Georgia Ch Lainioti, Theophilos Ioannides, Joannis K. Kallitsis, and George A. Voyiatzis. "Flame Retardant Nano-Structured Fillers from Huntite/Hydromagnesite Minerals." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142433.

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In the current study, we propose a simple hydrothermal pathway to synthesize nano-structured Mg(OH)2 after application of thermal decomposition followed by hydration of commercial minerals based on hydromagnesite and huntite. The synthesis of nano-materials is performed without the use of any catalyst. The effect of decomposition temperature on the hydrothermal synthesis of Mg(OH)2 is extensively studied. It is shown that the morphology of resulting structures consists typically of particles ~200 nm in diameter and ~10 nm in thickness. Study of the structure at the molecular level designates the composition and supports the nano-sized characteristics of the produced materials. The associated thermal properties combined with the corresponding optical properties suggest that the material may be used as a flame retardant filler with enhanced transparency. In this concept, the flame retardancy of composite coatings containing the produced nano-sized Mg(OH)2 was examined in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), i.e., the minimum concentration of oxygen that just supports flaming combustion.

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Metanawin, Tanapak, Praripatsaya Panutumrong, and Siripan Metanawin. "Morphology, Structure and Particle Size of Hybrid Nanozinc Oxide." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.204.

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The hybrid polymer materials of nano-zinc oxide were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization technique. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were encapsulated by polystyrene to introduce multi-function to the hybrid nano-zinc oxide. The contents of zinc oxide particles in the hybrid nano-zinc oxide were various from 1wt% to 40wt%. The particles sizes of hybrid nano-zinc oxide were determined by using dynamic light scattering. It was showed that the particle size of the hybrid nano-zinc oxide was in the range of 124-205nm. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the topography and morphology of hybrid nano-zinc oxide. The crystal structure of hybrid nano-zinc oxide were explored by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.

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Tsuzuki, T., A. Sano, Y. Kawakita, Y. Ohmasa, M. Yao, H. Endo, M. Inui, and M. Misawa. "Structure of chalcogen nano-droplets." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 156-158 (May 1993): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)90048-3.

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Fujiwara, Hiroshi, Hideyuki Tanaka, Masashi Nakatani, and Kei Ameyama. "Effects of Nano / Meso Harmonic Microstructure on Mechanical Properties in Austenitic Stainless Steel Produced by MM / HRS Process." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1790.

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Mechanically milled austenitic stainless steel powder is applied to hot roll sintering (HRS) process. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the HRS material are investigated in detail. The mechanically milled powder has a bimodal structure with a severely deformed powder surface domain which is named as “Shell”, and an inner domain which is named as “Core”. The shell and core microstructure in the milled powder can be maintained even after sintering. As the result, microstructure of the HRS materials consists of a shell and core bimodal microstructure. Because severe plastic deformation mainly concentrates to the shell domain, a nano grain structure forms in the shell, while a coarse (meso) grain structure forms in the core. Such a nano / meso harmonic structured material demonstrates not only superior strength but also a large elongation. The mechanical properties of the HRS materials are strongly influenced by the nano / meso harmonic microstructure, such as grain size of the shell / core and the shell volume fraction. The shell has role of strength and the core has role of ductility. Thus, the nano / meso harmonic microstructure has been proved to be very effective to improve mechanical properties of structure materials.

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Wang, He Quan, Hai Bo Li, Yong Cai Wang, Hai Wang, Wen Xia Zhao, Hong Huang, Chao Lun Liang, You Jun Deng, and Yong Liu. "Controlled Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO Nano and Microstructure Materials with Photocatalytic Properties." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1212.

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Various ZnO nano and microstructures, such as nanorods, microflowers composed of nanorods, and microrods were hydrothermally self-assembled. The morphology of the formed ZnO nano and microstructures could be easily tuned by varying the experimental parameters of the NaOH concentration. The crystal structure of samples was investigated by XRD, and the diffraction peaks were indexed to hexagonal wurtzite structure. A possible growth mechanism was proposed on the basis of the morphology evolution of nano and microstructures observed by SEM. Furthermore, the photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nano and microstructures were investigated. The results show that the ZnO microrods and microflowers exhibited higher photodegradation efficiency than that of ZnO nanorods, which maybe due to the exposed polar faces of better crystalline rather than the size of ZnO.

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Radnóczi, G., Zs Czigány, K. Sedláčková, Gy J. Kovács, and F. Misják. "Structure and physical properties of nanocomposite Coatings." Nanopages 1, no. 2 (June 2006): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/nano.1.2006.2.9.

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Radnóczi, G., Zs Czigány, K. Sedláčková, Gy J. Kovács, and F. Misják. "Structure and physical properties of nanocomposite Coatings." Nanopages 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/nano.2006.

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Mori, Toshiyuki, John Drennan, Ding Rong Ou, and Fei Ye. "Design of Micro-Structure at Atom Level in Dy Doped CeO₂ Solid Electrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1437.

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Rare earth doped ceria compounds are fluorite related oxides which show oxide ionic conductivity higher than yttria stabilized zirconia in oxidizing atmosphere. As a consequence of this, considerable interest has been shown in application of these materials for ‘low (below 500°C)’ temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, the nano-sized powders of DyxCe1-xO2-x/2 (x=0.15 and 0.2) were prepared using ammonium carbonate co-precipitation method. To design the nano-structure in aforementioned materials, the round shape particles were prepared in nano-scale. The combined process of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Conventional Sintering (CS) was examined for fabrication of nano-structured doped CeO2 solid electrolytes. The nano-structural features in the (SPS+CS) specimen and CS specimen were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This micro-analysis suggested that the micro-domain with distorted pyrochlore structure exists in the grain of these materials. The conducting properties in the specimens were strongly influenced by the micro-domain size. It is found that the present combined process minimized the micro-domain size and maximized the conductivity in the specimens. Also nano-structured Dy doped CeO2 sintered bodies in the present study had wide ionic domain and high transport number of oxygen. This suggests that fabricated sintered bodies are suitable for the solid electrolyte in low temperature operated SOFCs. It is concluded that a control of micro-domain size is a key for development of high quality doped CeO2 electrolytes for fuel cell application. It is expected that advanced solid electrolytes for clean energy production will be produced by a design of nano-structure in rare earth doped CeO2 solid electrolyte.

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Ivanova, Sv, E. Zhecheva, D. Nihtianova, and R. Stoyanova. "Nano-domain structure of Li4Mn5O12 spinel." Journal of Materials Science 46, no. 22 (November 2011): 7098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5409-8.

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Qiao, Yuqing, Ying Liu, Jianguo Zhu, Peng Jia, Liqiao Zhang, Wei Zhou, and Tifeng Jiao. "Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis of Micro/Nano-Structured LiFePO4 Electrode Materials with Improved Electrochemical Performance." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 8953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248953.

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As an electrode material, LiFePO4 has been extensively studied in the field of energy conversion and storage due to its inexpensive cost and excellent safety, as well as good cycling stability. However, it remains a challenge to obtain LiFePO4 electrode materials with acceptable discharge capacity at low temperature. Here, micro/nano-structured LiFePO4 electrode materials with grape-like morphology were fabricated via a facile solvothermal approach using ethanol and OA as the co-solvent, the surfactant as well as the carbon source. The structure and electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4 material were investigated with x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the formation mechanism of the self-assembled micro/nano-structured LiFePO4 was discussed as well. The micro/nano-structured LiFePO4 electrode materials exhibited a high discharge capacity (142 mAh·g−1) at a low temperature of 0 °C, and retained 102 mAh·g−1 when the temperature was decreased to −20 °C. This investigation can provide a reference for the design of micro/nano-structured electrode materials with improvement of the electrochemical performance at low temperature.

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S. Nasrat, Loai, Berlanty A. Iskander, and Marina N. Kamel. "Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1770-1778.

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Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.

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Bozsaky, David. "Series of Experiments with Thermal Insulation Coatings Consisted of Vacuum-Hollow Nano-Ceramic Microspheres." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.v11.n1.447.

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Because of the rigorous regulations in the 21st century it has become a serious task for designers to find more effective ways for thermal insulation. One of these options is the application of nanotechnology-based materials. Among nano-scale structured materials the most uncertainties are found about the thermal insulating quality of thermal insulation coatings consisted of vacuum-hollow nano-ceramic microspheres. Complete agreement had not been already found about the mechanism of their insulating effect. In order to explore and describe the thermodynamic process inside nano-ceramic coatings (NCC) 6 series of heat transfer resistance experiments were performed in 2014-2017. Several building structure configurations with 12 different orders of layers were tested with a standard heat flow meter. On basis of these results it could be concluded that in case of nano-structured materials convective heat transfer coefficient might be taken account in different way than in case of traditional macro-structured thermal insulation materials.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nano structure materials'

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