Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nano-sized pores

Academic literature on the topic 'Nano-sized pores'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nano-sized pores"

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Song, Panqi, Xiaoqing Tu, Liangfei Bai, Guangai Sun, Qiang Tian, Jian Gong, Guiyu Zeng, Liang Chen, and Lili Qiu. "Contrast Variation Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Micro- and Nano-Sized TATB." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162606.

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Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation was used to characterize the fractal behavior and embedded porosity of micro/nano-sized 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystallites, gauging the effects of particle sizes on the microstructural features. Scattering results reveal that the external surface of micro-sized TATB crystallites are continuous and smooth interfaces and their internal pores display a surface fractal structure (surface fractal dimension 2.15 < DS < 2.25), while the external surface of nano-sized TATB particles exhibit a surface fractal structure (surface fractal dimension 2.36 < DS < 2.55) and their internal pores show a two-level volume fractal structure (large voids consist of small voids). The voids volume fraction of nano-sized TATB particles are found increased distinctively when compared with micro-sized TATB particles on length scale between 1 nm and 100 nm. Specific surface areas are also estimated based on Porod law method, which are coincident with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. The contrast variation technique distinguishes the information of internal voids from external surface, suggesting SANS is a powerful tool for determining the microstructural features, which can be used to establish the relationship between microstructures and properties of micro/nano-energetic materials.
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Lee, K. J., Jong Wan Park, Jae Kyo Yang, Kee Sung Lee, and Yong Ho Choa. "Synthesis and Application of Nano Porous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ on an Oxygen Separation Membrane." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.709.

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As the oxygen permeation flux of La0.7Sr0.3Ga0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LSGF) membranes is lower than commercial membranes, we coated the nano porous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) particles to enhance the oxygen permeation flux. The nano porous LSC particles were synthesized in an advanced process to increase the volume fraction of nano pores by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The synthesized LSC particles consisted of nano sized primary particles and pores. They also had remarkably high surface area (22 m2/g). It was found that the LSGF membrane coated by the nano porous LSC resulted in significant improvement in the oxygen permeability.
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Lee, Soo Young, and Chong Soo Han. "Nano Filter from Sintered Rice Husk Silica Membrane." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.016.

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A nano filter showing the Knudsen flow was demonstrated by a modification of a membrane constructed from rice husk silica. The membrane was prepared by pressing and sintering micron sized rice husk silica with 4 nm pores. The membrane showed a permeability of 5.2 × 10−8 mol m−1 sec−1 Pa−1 for H2 and ratios of gas permeability 2.1 and 3.2 for k(H2)/k(CH4) and k(H2)/k(CO2), respectively. When the membrane was treated by filtration of ∼100 nm sized rice husk silica particles, the permeability decreased to 4.9 × 10−8 mol m−1 sec−1 Pa−1 and the ratios increased to 2.2 and 3.4. In the case of the membrane after treatments with the dispersion and chemical deposition of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), the corresponding permeability and ratios of the membrane were 1.8 × 10−8 mol m−1 sec−1 Pa−1, and 2.9 and 4.5, respectively. From the change of the ratio of gas permeability for the membrane with modifications, it is suggested that ∼100 nm sized rice husk silica particles pack the large pores among the micron sized rice husk silica particles while the chemical deposition of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) reveals the gas flow through 4 nm pores in the rice husk silica by blocking large pores.
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Feng, Yan, Yuliang Zhang, Guixiang Du, Jingbo Zhang, Miao Liu, and Xiaohui Qu. "Li2S–Embedded copper metal–organic framework cathode with superior electrochemical performance for Li–S batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 16 (2018): 13775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02370k.

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Zhang, Haobin, Hongfan Wang, Jinjiang Xu, Jie Sun, and Xiaolin Wang. "Investigation on the Evolution of Nano-Scale Defects of CL-20 Crystals under Thermal Treatment by Wide/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 4258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124258.

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Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of the explosive charges of weapons. In order to understand the evolution of nano-scale defects of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive crystals under thermal treatments, the specific surface, volume fraction and size distribution of the nano-scale defects were studied by using Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) during the temperature range from 30 °C to 200 °C. The results showed that the number and size of the pores in CL-20 powder did not change significantly during the heating process before phase transformation (30–160 °C). At 170 °C, CL-20 began to convert from ε- to γ- phase, and the specific surface and volume fraction of the nano-scale defects increased significantly. Further investigation of the pore size distribution showed that the number of pores with a small size (radius 9–21 nm) changed particularly significantly, resulting from the cracking of the CL-20 crystal powder during phase transition. At 200 °C, the phase transition was completed and γ-CL-20 was created, and the small-sized pores gradually grew into medium-sized (radius 21–52 nm) pores over time when the temperature was fixed at 200 °C.
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Fu, Lvping, Huazhi Gu, Ao Huang, Yongshun Zou, and Hongwei Ni. "Enhanced corrosion resistance through the introduction of fine pores: Role of nano-sized intracrystalline pores." Corrosion Science 161 (December 2019): 108182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108182.

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Itoi, Hiroyuki, Hiroyuki Muramatsu, and Michio Inagaki. "Constraint spaces in carbon materials." RSC Advances 9, no. 40 (2019): 22823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03890f.

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Nano-sized pores in carbon materials give certain constraints to the encapsulated materials by keeping them inside. We review recent experimental results related to these constraint spaces and the spaces created by carbon coating.
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Matlahov, Irina, Yasmin Geiger, and Gil Goobes. "Trapping RNase A on MCM41 pores: effects on structure stability, product inhibition and overall enzymatic activity." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 19 (2014): 9031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp55520h.

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Leem, Jae-Young, Su Min Jeon, Min Su Kim, Min Young Cho, Hyun Young Choi, Kwang Gug Yim, Ghun Sik Kim, et al. "Fabrication of Porous ZnO Nanorods with Nano-sized Pores and Their Properties." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 57, no. 6 (December 15, 2010): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.1477.

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Li, Zhonghao, Jianling Zhang, Jimin Du, Buxing Han, and Jiaqiu Wang. "Preparation of silica microrods with nano-sized pores in ionic liquid microemulsions." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 286, no. 1-3 (September 2006): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.03.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nano-sized pores"

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Baumgärtl, Martin [Verfasser], Johannes A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lercher, Ulrich K. [Gutachter] Heiz, and Johannes A. [Gutachter] Lercher. "Pore entrance kinetics in nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolites / Martin Baumgärtl ; Gutachter: Ulrich K. Heiz, Johannes A. Lercher ; Betreuer: Johannes A. Lercher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20210810-1601098-1-6.

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林佳德. "Pre-concentration of Dilute Protein Samples using Nanodiamond and Nano Pore Sized Filter Paper." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61349033981776408638.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nano-sized pores"

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Zhang, Hong-Ying, and Guang-Ping Zheng. "Simulation of Plastic Deformation Behaviors of Bulk Metallic Glasses with Micro- and Nano-sized Pores." In Mechanical and Materials Engineering of Modern Structure and Component Design, 231–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19443-1_18.

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Jayalakshmi, S., and R. Arvind Singh. "Processing Routes, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites." In Processing Techniques and Tribological Behavior of Composite Materials, 1–46. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7530-8.ch001.

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The chapter highlights the various processing/synthesizing routes of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (LMMNCs), their microstructural characteristics, mechanical behaviour, and tribological properties. LMMNCs are advanced materials, in which nano-sized ceramic particles are reinforced into Al/Mg matrices. In conventional Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), the incorporation of micron sized reinforcements in the matrix usually results in a considerable improvement in hardness and ultimate strength when compared to the unreinforced base material. However, most of these composites do not show plastic deformation (little or no yield) and exhibit drastic reduction in ductility. This poses a major limitation for MMCs to be used in real-time applications. In order to overcome this drawback, Al/Mg composites with nano-scale reinforcements have been developed. Based on numerous research works, it has been established that LMMNCs are better materials that possess superior properties, wherein both strength and ductility improvements along with excellent wear resistance can be achieved.
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Jayalakshmi, S., and R. Arvind Singh. "Processing Routes, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites." In Materials Science and Engineering, 991–1037. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch040.

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The chapter highlights the various processing/synthesizing routes of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (LMMNCs), their microstructural characteristics, mechanical behaviour, and tribological properties. LMMNCs are advanced materials, in which nano-sized ceramic particles are reinforced into Al/Mg matrices. In conventional Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), the incorporation of micron sized reinforcements in the matrix usually results in a considerable improvement in hardness and ultimate strength when compared to the unreinforced base material. However, most of these composites do not show plastic deformation (little or no yield) and exhibit drastic reduction in ductility. This poses a major limitation for MMCs to be used in real-time applications. In order to overcome this drawback, Al/Mg composites with nano-scale reinforcements have been developed. Based on numerous research works, it has been established that LMMNCs are better materials that possess superior properties, wherein both strength and ductility improvements along with excellent wear resistance can be achieved.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nano-sized pores"

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Hung, S. W., C. P. Chen, and C. C. Chieng. "Ionic Transport in Finite Length Nano-Sized Pores and Channels." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52128.

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Surface-charge regulated ionic transport phenomena in nano-pores and nano-channels have important applications in bio molecular analyses and power conversion involving NEMS. In such devises, the surface-to-volume ratio increases significantly. In nanofluidics, one characteristic is the overlapping of the electrical double layer (EDL) and the disappearance of the electrically neutral zone. The configuration to be considered is a finite length nano pore/channel connected by two reservoirs. Multi-dimensional analyses based on solutions of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equation were performed for the configuration in this study. Numerical solutions show that the ionic transport process in such a configuration depends strongly on the liquid-solid interface models used. These interface models usually serve as wall boundary conditions in multi-dimensional numerical analyses. Most current models were derived based on 1-D fully developed analyses. Issues regarding the extension of the surface chemical equilibrium model to multi-dimensional nanofluidics simulations involving overlapping EDLs were investigated and discussed in this paper.
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Yang, G. J., K. X. Liao, C. J. Li, S. Q. Fan, C. X. Li, and S. Li. "Effect of Accelerating Gas Flow on Pore Structure and Mass Transport Property of Vacuum Cold Sprayed TiO2 Coatings Using Strengthened Nanostructured Powder." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p1167.

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Abstract The pore structure in nano-porous TiO2 coating influences the ion diffusion property and photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). In this paper, TiO2 coatings were deposited by vacuum cold spray (VCS) using a strengthened nanostructured powder. The pore structure, ion diffusion and dye infiltration properties were examined to understand the deposition mechanism of the coating and the suitability of cold sprayed TiO2 coating for DSC. It was interestingly found that the pores in the VCS TiO2 coating presented a bimodal size distribution with two peaks at ~15 nm and ~50 nm, which contributed to a much higher ion diffusion coefficient comparing to that of the conventional unimodal-sized nano-porous coating. The dye infiltration and loading are beneficial from the bimodal size distribution of the pores. Based on the impact behavior of the spray powder, a deposition model was proposed to explain the deposition mechanism of the strengthened nanostructured powder during vacuum cold spray.
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Yang, G., S. Fan, J. Gao, C. Li, Y. Xi, and C. Li. "Characterization of Mesoporous Nanocrystalline TiO2 Deposited by Vacuum Cold Spray using Ceramic-Polymer Composite Powder." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0921.

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Abstract Vacuum cold spray is a promising method to deposit nanocrystalline ceramic coating. The effective control of porous structure within nanostructured coating is essentially important to enhance the performance of the mesoporous nanocrystalline coatings for applications to catalyst and photo-electrode. In this study, the ceramic-polymer composite powders were employed as spray feedstocks for vacuum cold spray to control the pore structure in the deposits. The ceramic-polymer composite powders were made from nano-sized TiO2 (25nm), ZrO2 (30nm) and Al2O3 (30nm) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The surface morphologies and the cross-sectional microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pore size distribution was measured using a nitrogen adsorption approach. The results showed that the deposition during spraying was implemented through the composite particles in a size ranging from submicrometers to several micrometers. Through post-spray heat treatment of the deposit, the PEG can be completely removed to increase the porosity in the deposit. The pores exhibited a bimodal distribution. The small pores present the size from several nanometers to tens of nanometers. Moreover, the size of large pores is in micrometer scale. The porosity and pore size distribution can be controlled by the composition of the composite powder.
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Wimmer, Stephanie A., Virginia G. DeGiorgi, Edward P. Gorzkowski, and John Drazin. "Computational Three-Dimensional Microstructure Defect Distributions in Thermal Barrier Coatings." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70405.

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Thermal protection of components such as turbine blades is often done with thermal barrier coatings which are typically ceramic materials. Methods to manufacture ceramic coatings are being developed to create microstructures that optimize thermal protection without degrading mechanical properties of the coating. The coating requires sufficient mechanical properties to remain in place during loads associated with the operation of the component. The work presented in this paper is part of a broader effort that focuses on novel processing techniques. A fabrication method of interest is the inclusion of spherical micron-sized pores to scatter photons at high temperatures along with nano-sized grains to scatter phonons. Pores are sized and distributed so that mechanical strength is maintained. In the current work, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is modeled. Three-dimensional microstructures representing YSZ are computationally generated. The defect sizes and orientations are generated to match an experimentally observed distribution. The defects are either randomly or regularly placed in the microstructural models. Stress-displacement analysis is used to determine effective bulk material properties. Comparisons are made to prior two-dimensional work and to experimental measurements available in the literature as appropriate. The influences that defect distributions and three dimensional effects have on the effective bulk material properties are quantified. This work is a preliminary step toward understanding the impacts that micron sized pores, voids and cracks have on thermal and mechanical characteristics. The goal is to facilitate optimizing the microstructure for thermal protection and strength retention.
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Wimmer, Stephanie A., Virginia G. DeGiorgi, and Edward P. Gorzkowski. "Influences of Microstructure Defect Size and Distribution for Performance Optimization of Thermal Barrier Coatings." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65684.

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Thermal barrier coatings are often used to protect a component by reducing temperature excursions. Such coatings are in use on engineered products such as turbine blades. The work presented is part of a broader effort that is focusing on new and novel processing techniques for thermal barrier coatings. Manufacturing methods are being developed to create microstructures that optimize thermal protection while not degrading the mechanical properties of the coating. Sufficient mechanical properties are necessary so the coatings do not fail as a result of loadings associated with the operation of the component. One fabrication method investigated is the inclusion of spherical micron-sized pores to reflect heat radiation at high temperatures along with nano-sized grains to reflect phonons thus providing thermal protection. Pores are sized and distributed so that sufficient mechanical strength is maintained. In the current work the model material used is a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Two-dimensional microstructures representing YSZ are computationally generated. The size and distribution of defects that have been experimentally observed to develop during bulk processing are incorporated into the computationally generated microstructural models. Heat transfer and stress-displacement analyses are performed to determine effective bulk material properties. Comparisons are made to experimental measurements available in the literature as appropriate. The influence that defect dimensions and distributions have on the effective bulk material properties are quantified as a first step understanding the impacts that micron sized pores, voids and cracks have on thermal and mechanical characteristics which will facilitate optimizing the microstructure for thermal protection and strength retention.
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Barati, Reza. "Nanoparticles as Fluid Loss Control Additives for Hydraulic Fracturing of Tight and Ultra-Tight Hydrocarbon-Bearing Formations." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23279.

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Injection of polymeric solutions, either as slick water or cross-linked fluids, in order to propagate a fracture and distribute proppants and keep the fracture open is a common practice in hydraulic fracturing of unconventional tight and ultra-tight formations. In addition to propagation of a main fracture, polymeric fluids will be invading the already existing network of micro-fractures and extending the network connected to the main fracture. Fluid loss into the matrix rock and micro-fractures is inevitable, so is the use of a comparable fluid loss additive to reduce the filtrate volume. Different classes of nanoparticles have been used by several researchers to carry different agents including surfactants and enzymes for hydraulic fracturing purposes. Nano-sized pores and micro-sized fractures in tight and ultra-tight formations require a nano to micro-sized fluid loss additive to improve propagation of the hydraulic fractures by efficiently reducing the fluid loss. In this study, application of silica and polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles as fluid loss additives for three sets of core plugs with permeability values within the 10−5 −10−4 mD, 0.01–0.1 mD and 1–40 mD range was investigated. The nano-sized material used in this study significantly reduced the fluid loss volume for the cores with permeability values below 0.1 mD when mixed only with 2% KCl or with low concentrations of guar polymer prepared in 2% KCl. Combination of the fluid loss additive application with chemical carrying application makes these nanoparticle systems a suitable package for hydraulic fracturing of tight and ultra-tight formations.
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Ctibor, P., K. Neufuss, and P. Chraska. "Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed Titania Coatings." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0821.

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Abstract Agglomerated titania nanopowder and a “classical” titania were sprayed by the high throughput WSP and thoroughly compared. Optical microscopy with image analysis as well as mercury intrusion porosimetry were utilized for quantification of porosity. Results indicate that the “nano” coatings in general exhibit finer pores than coatings of the “conventional” micron-sized powders. Mechanical properties like Vickers microhardness and slurry abrasion response were measured and linked to the structural investigation. Impact of the variation in the slurry composition on wear resistance of tested coatings and on character of the wear damage is discussed. The over-all results however suggest that the “nano” coatings properties are better only for carefully selected sets of spraying parameters, which seem to have a very important impact.
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Wimmer, Stephanie A., Virginia G. DeGiorgi, Edward P. Gorzkowski, and Heonjune Ryou. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Reduced Material Properties in Ceramics With Added Porosity." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10608.

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Abstract Manufacturing methods to create ceramic coatings with tailored thermal conductivity are crucial to the development of thermal protection systems for many components including turbine blades in high temperature engines. A designed microstructure of grains, pores, and other defects can reduce the thermal conductivity of the ceramic. However, the same microstructure characteristics can reduce mechanical properties to the point of failure. This work is part of a larger program with the goal of optimizing ceramic coating microstructure for thermal protection while retaining sufficient mechanical strength for the intended application. Processing parameters have been examined to identify methods designed to maintain a nano-sized grain structure of yttria-stabilized zirconia while controlling the added porosity with a specific shape and size. In this paper computational modeling is used to evaluate the effects of porosity on coating performance, both thermal and structural. Coating porosity is incorporated in the computational models by randomly placing empty spaces or defects in the shape of spherical voids, oblate pores, or penny cracks. In addition to computational modeling, prototype coatings are developed in the laboratory with specific porosity. The size and orientation of defects in the computational modeling effort are statistically generated to match experiments. The locations of the defects are totally random. Finite element models are created which include various levels of porosity to calculate effective thermal and mechanical properties. Comparisons are made between three-dimensional finite-element simulations and measured data. The influences of pore size as well as three dimensional computational modeling artifacts are examined.
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Bobzin, K., L. Zhao, N. Kopp, and T. Warda. "Influence of Processes and Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced with a Nanostructured YSZ Powder." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0028.

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Abstract In this study, a ZrO2 – 7 % Y2O3 (YSZ) powder (-90 +16 µm) was nanostructured by high energy ball milling and sprayed using a modern three-cathode plasma generator TriplexPro- 210 as well as a conventional plasma generator F4MB-XL. The parameters were varied in order to investigate their influence on build-up, microstructure and properties of the thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Powders and coatings were characterized in terms of their morphology, microstructure and phase composition by means of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray analysis (XRD). Thermo-shock behavior of TBC was evaluated using thermal cyclic tests at 1300 °C and 1150 °C. The results show that the milled powder contained nano-sized particles. TBC from the nanostructured powder by TriplexPro-210 had high porosities and numerous fine pores, leading to lower microhardness and higher thermos-shock resistance than the reference TBC.
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Cai, Qingjun, Chung-Lung Chen, Guangyong Xiong, and Zhifeng Ren. "Explorations of Carbon Nanotube Wick Structure for High Heat Flux Cooling." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56208.

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Multiwall carbon nanotube (MCNT) has high thermal conductivity, nano size pores and high capillary pressure. All these physical properties make it an ideal candidate as a wick structure in a micro sized heat pipe/spreader. In this paper, experimental investigations evaluate heat transfer performance of the carbon nanotube (CNT) wick and demonstrate its ability to handle high heat flux cooling. The CNT wick structure used for high heat flux experiments employs the bi-wick structure design to overcome high flow resistance in CNT clusters. The wick fabrication technique integrates both microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) patterning and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) CNT growth processes. In high heat flux experiments, the CNT cluster functions as the first order wick structure and provides a large capillary force. The spacing among CNT clusters acts as the second order wick structure thus setting up low resistance liquid supply channels and vapor ventilation paths. Preliminary experiments are conducted in an open chamber system with vertical CNT bi-wick sample setup. Heat flux, as high as 400W/cm2, is demonstrated over 0.16mm2 heating area. Dryout was not observed, whereas the heater soft-bonding material fails at the higher testing heat flux. The experimental results indicate that the CNT bi-wick structure is capable of high heat flux cooling and promises to be the heat transfer element in new generation microelectronics cooling systems.
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