Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nano-Optiques'
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Abdoulkader, Ibrahim Idriss. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'inspection des structures photoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665899.
Full textAbdoulkader, Ibrahim Idriss. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'inspection des stuctures photoniques." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2044.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to elaborate efficient optical nanoantennas (NAs) as innovative tools for probing the electromagnetic optical field in the neighbourhood of the structures used in nano-optics (photnics crystals, plasmonic devices, etc). A NA considered here consists of a metal nanostructure positioned onto the apex of a conventional near-field fiber probe used in collection mode (Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscopy configuration). Such a nano-structure acts as a key connection between the electromagnetic field at the sample surface and the local probe, giving to the probe a specific sensitivity to the vectorial electromagnetic field. NAs will be designed to provide optical information still inaccessible with conventional near-field optical microscopy for responding to the present and future needs of the growing nano-optics community. In the first part, we propose a bowtie nano-aperture (BNA) is recently proposed as an alternative solution to bowtie nano-antenna for concentrating light to the nanoscale and we explain the fabrication of a BNA with specific size at the extremity of a polymer optical fiber. In the second part, we propose a near-field imaging concept for obtaining a complete experimental description of the structure of light in three dimensions around nano-devices. Our approach is based on a near-field microscope able to simultaneously and independently map the phase and amplitude distributions of two orthogonal electric-field components at the sample surface. In last section, we present a theoretical study of the bowtie nano-aperture in order to elucidate the spectral behavior and the origin of its resonance mode in the gap of a BNA
Masenelli, Bruno. "Effets structuraux, électroniques et optiques dans des nano-objets." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012016.
Full textLe terme nanomatériaux recouvre une grande diversité de phénomènes, et de matériaux. Il est impossible de citer exhaustivement tous les domaines concernés, depuis les particules à propriétés catalytiques jusqu'aux nanotubes de carbones, en passant par les particules luminescentes, l'électronique de spin ou encore les nanocomposites.
L'engouement pour les nanomatériaux s'explique aussi comme conséquence naturelle de la miniaturisation continue des dispositifs de certaines industries (microélectronique notamment). De manière complémentaire, l'élaboration de molécules toujours plus grosses et complexes aboutit à des particules nanométriques, de sorte que la matière à l'échelle du nanomètre peut être abordée aussi bien comme une réduction d'échelle de systèmes micrométriques ou comme une augmentation d'échelle de systèmes moléculaires . La première approche est plus immédiatement exploitable. Cependant, la seconde approche, fidèle au rêve du scientifique démiurge, créant de nouveaux matériaux par une organisation contrôlée des briques élémentaires nanométriques parfaitement définies, semble à long terme, plus prometteuse.
Au cours de mon parcours en recherche, depuis le début de ma thèse en novembre 1996, j'ai eu l'opportunité de m'investir dans plusieurs domaines des nanomatériaux, selon l'une ou l'autre de ces deux approches. De formation ingénieur généraliste (École Centrale de Lyon), j'ai choisi de m'initier au métier de chercheur en effectuant une thèse de doctorat dans le domaine du confinement optique à l'échelle nanométrique. Plus particulièrement, ce travail concernait la réalisation et la caractérisation de microcavités optiques à base de semi-conducteurs organiques. Ce travail s'est déroulé sous la direction du professeur J. Joseph, dans le Laboratoire d'Électronique, d'Optique et de Microsystèmes, de l'École Centrale de Lyon, dans le cadre d'une bourse DRET-CNRS.
À la fin de ma thèse, j'ai souhaité développer ma connaissance des semi-conducteurs organiques. En particulier, je voulais aborder d'autres aspects, notamment électronique, tout en mettant à profit les compétences acquises au cours de ma thèse dans le domaine de l'optique. Du 01/08/1999 au 30/08/2000, par contrat du Ministère de la Recherche de la Confédération Helvétique, j'ai occupé un poste de chercheur-enseignant à l'École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, dans l'équipe du professeur L. Zuppiroli. Il s'agit d'une équipe pluridisciplinaire, mêlant physiciens, chimistes et industriels, dont la compétence est reconnue dans le domaine des matériaux organiques semi-conducteurs. L'étude à laquelle je me suis consacré a visé à développer la compréhension et la modélisation des phénomènes d'injection et de transport des charges, et l'émission de lumière qui en résulte dans ces matériaux. La particularité de cette étude était qu'elle repose sur une description à l'échelle nanométrique, caractéristique des molécules constituant les dispositifs, pour rendre compte des propriétés macroscopiques de ces derniers.
Depuis mon intégration au LPMCN en qualité de Maître de Conférence (septembre 2000), mon activité de recherche au sein du groupe « agrégats et nanostructures» porte sur la physique des agrégats, d'une part de matériaux covalents et d'autre part de matériaux ioniques. La méthode originale de synthèse d'agrégats et de films nanostructurés (LECBD, Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition Technique), développée par notre laboratoire en collaboration avec le Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ionique et Moléculaire (LASIM) et l'Institut de Recherche sur la Catalyse (IRC) depuis plus de dix ans, offre de grandes potentialités pour l'étude des agrégats nanométriques covalents et ioniques. Elle permet d'atteindre des tailles suffisamment petites (quelques nanomètres de diamètre) pour produire des réarrangements de structures et ainsi, par exemple, synthétiser des matériaux cages covalents (type fullerènes). Les conditions de condensation du plasma d'agrégats, fortement hors équilibre thermodynamique (taux de trempe de l'ordre de 1010 K/s) nous permettent de sonder des phases exotiques de la matière. Enfin, cette méthode nous donne accès à la fabrication de composés de stoechiométrie contrôlée pour la plupart des classes de matériaux. En particulier, pour les systèmes d'oxydes ioniques, contrairement aux synthèses par chimie douce, nous pouvons contrôler le taux de dopage et choisir à volonté la nature du dopant luminescent à introduire en substitution dans la matrice oxyde. Il s'agit donc d'une technique d'une grande souplesse et qui permet, pour ma part, d'envisager l'étude des systèmes covalents et ioniques de manière originale. Les agrégats covalents sont essentiellement composés d'éléments semiconducteurs en phase massive (Si, C, Ge, alliages...). Ces matériaux, en raison de leur intérêt évident pour les applications électroniques et dans le mouvement général de la technologie visant à réduire systématiquement les dimensions des composants, sont étudiés à l'échelle nanométrique. À cette taille, ils offrent des modifications spectaculaires de leur propriétés électroniques (transition semi-conducteur/isolant), optiques (apparition de lumière dans Si et Ge qui ne luminescent pas à l'état massif) et structurelles (formation de structures cages). Il y a donc un intérêt tant fondamental qu'appliqué à s'intéresser à de tels matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique. L'étude des oxydes ioniques, que j'ai initiée plus récemment, est aussi stimulée par des intérêts fondamentaux et appliqués. Du point de vue des applications, les oxydes à grand gap font l'objet de recherches intenses en vue d'utilisation comme barrière isolante ultrafine dans les dispositifs électroniques. Ce sont aussi des matériaux généralement chimiquement réactifs et qui dans certains cas peuvent être des luminophores. D'un point de vue fondamental, le comportement de la liaison ionique à l'échelle nanométrique n'a été que peu étudié, principalement en raison de la grande réactivité chimique des matériaux ioniques. Le fait de disposer d'un environnement ultravide pour nos bancs d'expériences nous offre un grand avantage pour la compréhension de ces systèmes. De manière générale, notre approche vise en premier lieu à réaliser et étudier des nanoparticules de référence, parfaitement contrôlées et protégées. En second lieu, elle vise à organiser ces particules sur des substrats choisis pour former des matériaux et dispositifs nanostructurés à vocation optique ou électronique.
Les thématiques évoquées ci-dessus sont reprises dans ce mémoire de la manière suivante. Le chapitre I introduit brièvement les matériaux organiques semiconducteurs et les dispositifs électroluminescents qui les exploitent. Il présente aussi mes travaux de modélisation en vue de l'optimisation électronique de tels dispositifs. Nous y insistons sur la nécessité d'une description nanométrique, caractéristique des matériaux décrits, en vue d'une compréhension macroscopique.
Le chapitre II se concentre sur l'optimisation optique de ces dispositifs. Cet aspect est généralement complémentaire de l'optimisation électronique. Nous y traitons, de manière plus générale, de la modification de l'émission spontanée d'émetteurs à spectre large par des systèmes confinant la lumière selon une ou deux directions (microcavités) sur des dimensions nanométriques.
Le chapitre III synthétise mes activités dans le domaine des agrégats cages covalents. Deux classes complémentaires de matériaux cages sont évoquées au travers de la thématique du dopage. Plus particulièrement, nous illustrons l'intérêt du dopage pour des films issus du dépôt d'agrégats et pour des films de cristaux cages covalents (les clathrates). Ce chapitre marque un changement d'approche par rapport aux chapitres précédents. Contrairement aux études sur les matériaux organiques conjugués qui s'inscrivent dans une approche « top-down », les travaux des chapitres III et IV suivent une approche « bottom-up », partant d'agrégats nanométriques préformés comme briques de constructions de matériaux nanostructurés.
Le chapitre IV présente une nouvelle thématique que je développe au sein de notre groupe et qui porte sur les agrégats nanométriques d'oxydes iono-covalents. Nous présentons les premiers résultats concernant le comportement de la liaison ionique dans ces matériaux à très faible taille ainsi que ses effets sur la structure, les propriétés électroniques et optiques de ces nano-objets.
Le principal fil rouge que l'on trouvera dans ces pages est mon intérêt pour les effets fondamentaux de l'échelle nanométrique sur les propriétés structurales et optiques. C'est la raison pour laquelle mes travaux de post-doctorat (chapitre I) peuvent apparaître moins développés que mes travaux de thèse (chapitre II) ou que mes travaux récents (chapitres III et IV). Cette répartition est intentionnelle.
En me basant sur l'expérience acquise, tant durant ma thèse qu'au sein du LPMCN, ainsi que sur l'environnement local actif dans le domaine des nanosciences, j'envisage de développer mes activités de recherches à court et moyen terme vers les systèmes et applications pour la nanooptique, avec en particulier, l'élaboration de nano-sources lumineuses originales selon les deux axes précédemment mentionnés, à savoir les nano-agrégats covalents d'une part et d'oxydes iono-covalents d'autre part. Ceci fait l'objet du chapitre V.
Bachelier, Guillaume. "Propriétés optiques de nano-structures métalliques et semi-conductrices." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008229.
Full textMezel, Candice. "Nano-structuration de matériaux optiques par lasers ultra-brefs." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14099/document.
Full textAbstract
Sapienza, Riccardo. "Matériaux nano photoniques : transport anisotrope et oscillations de Bloch optiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009751.
Full textnano-matériaux diélectriques complexes est un sujet de recherche
riche et fascinant, tant pour ses implications fondamentales que
pour son impact technologique. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les
effets d'interférence de la lumière dans les systèmes photoniques
quasi-ordonnés.
Dans des milieux diélectriques aléatoires, on peut décrire le
mouvement des photons mutiplement diffusés par une marche
aléatoire de diffuseur en diffuseur: la plupart des effets
d'interférence se moyennent alors à zéro, mais certains survivent
quand même au désordre et induisent des phénomènes non-triviaux.
Dans des milieux qui diffusent très fortement, la lumière pourrait
même devenir localisée et aucun transport ne serait possible. Dans
les milieux ordonnés, la périodicité conduit à des lois de
dispersion inhabituelles où les effect collectifs d'interférence
dominent: le transport est fortement dépendant de la fréquence, il
peut être sensiblement augmenté (interférences constructives) ou
complètement inhibé (interférences destructives).
Notre compréhension de la propagation des ondes lumineuses dans
les milieux ordonnés et désordonnés augmente rapidement, mais le
comportement dans le régime intermédiaire entre les deux extrèmes
-- ordre parfait et désordre complet -- est mal compris. Les
systèmes quasi-ordonnés brisent la symétrie de rotation ou de
translation et présentent des formes nouvelles et
non-conventionnelles de transport de la lumière. Les milieux
aléatoires qui diffusent anisotropiquement et les cristaux
liquides nématiques, les formes spéciales de cristaux photoniques
et les quasi-cristaux photoniques de Fibonacci sont des exemples
de systèmes quasi-ordonnés que nous étudions dans cette thèse.
Que se passe-t-il si une direction préférentielle de diffusion ou
un axe préférentiel de polarisabilité est présent dans un milieu
aléatoire ?
Comment la propagation de la lumière est elle modifiée dans une
structure périodique si un potential optique est superposé à la
structure cristalline ?
Dans cette thèse nous essayerons de répondre à ces questions, avec
des arguments théoriques, des simulations numériques et des
résultats expérimentaux.
Scalabre, Antoine. "induction de chiralité supramoléculaire : vers de nouveaux nano-objets chiro-optiques hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0157/document.
Full textThe polarization of light, despite being known since long time, is recently at the center of renewed interest. More and more high technology companies in the fields of safety and information transmission are starting to exploit this property. One bottleneck for their use comes from the limitation in the light transmission of current methods of polarization (typically up to 45%). In order to overpass this physical limitation, one possible approach would be to use fluorescent materials emitting polarized light. However, the synthesis and purification of such materials is complex and obtaining both enantiomers is not always possible. The current work focus on a new synthetic pathway, possibly simpler and more versatile, using chiral hybrid or inorganic nano-helices and organic fluorophores interacting together. The aggregation of chromophores around the template will form chiral fluorescent nano-objects. The first chapter explains how chirality is present in many fields and at every scale, from molecules to daily objects. We will discuss the way of inducting or transferring chirality. The second facet of this work, light-matter interactions, will also be explained, concerning both absorption and emission of light, but also on how molecular assembly can affect these properties. We will study into detail the very particular case of circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence. Finally, we will see the existing systems that are used to obtain these properties and the drawback of these materials. In this work, we chose to use two systems. The first, constituted of organic nano-helices in a silica shell, has the advantage of using the organic template confined in chiral nano-space to induce chirality to the organic chromophores in interaction with them molecularly, but also through aggregation due to the confinement. The disadvantage being that this system is not robust toward environmental changes. The alternative approach is to use the silica shell as an inorganic template for the covalent grafting of fluorophores onto its surface. In the second chapter, the method for the synthesis of nano-structures is described, along with an explanation on the choice and synthesis of the chromophores used in this study. Finally, the characterization processes used are detailed. The third chapter will focus on the results we obtained when integrating achiral chromophores into hybrid helices or by grafting then onto the silica surface. We will see the importance of the intermolecular assembly and of the interaction with a chiral environment to obtain circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence through chiral induction. Various fluorophores are presented and compared allowing the understanding of the key parameters for chirality induction of each type of structure.In the last chapter, more complex systems are studied using molecules presenting chiroptical properties in solution state or having the ability to form self-assemblies showing such properties. The objective will be to tune the chiroptical properties of these chromophores, by the use of hybrid helices to force a specific organization. The last part will focus on the synthesis of fluorescent carbon based quantum dots using hybrid structures. These quantum dots, can retain the shape of the original structure and show circular dichroism or circularly polarized luminescence without needing to form a complex with an external source of molecular chirality
Berthelot, Johann. "Contrôle de nano-antennes optiques par une commande électrique : tuner plasmonique et transduction." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741144.
Full textMarhaba, Salem. "Influence de la morphologie sur les propriétés optiques de nano-objets métalliques uniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356212.
Full textCaillat, Ludovic. "Nano-sondes optiques à forte non-linéarite pour l'imagerie cellulaire à haute résolution." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066059.
Full textMajor bottleneck in microscopic imaging is the limited lateral resolution due to the diffraction of light. To overcome this limit, here we demonstrate the up-conversion process in the rare earth doped nanoparticles, which may serve as an original fluorescence source mechanism. Rare earth doped nanoparticles, have been reported to serve as efficient bio-labels for cellular and small animal imaging. In this work, we demonstrate that non-linearity of up-conversion allows achieving high lateral resolution in the images using multiphoton microscopy, demonstrating significant improvement in lateral resolution, using low pumping laser power. This new technique may serve as another approach for high-resolution optical imaging
Marhaba, Salem Pellarin Michel. "Influence de la morphologie sur les propriétés optiques de nano-objets métalliques uniques." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/62/12/PDF/These_de_doctorat_de_Salem_Marhaba.pdf.
Full textErnandes, Cyrine. "Manipuler l'émission et l'absorption de transitions dipolaires magnétiques par l'utilisation de nano-antennes optiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS091.
Full textDuring the last years, technological progresses in the field of nanophotonic have allowed the development of optical nanostructures to manipulate the emission of fluorescent nanoemitters . However, light-matter interactions are usually considered to be mediated by the optical electric field only, discarding the magnetic side of it. Indeed, most of the past studies have been only studying the modification of the excitation or emission properties of electric dipole transitions. Recently, it was demonstrated that magnetic dipole could also be found in lanthanide ions. It was also shown that by changing the magnetic local density of states near these ions, the emission fluorescent of the magnetic transitions could be enhanced or decreased with respect to their electric counterpart. In here, we demonstrate experimentally, in perfect agreement with numerical simulations, the manipulation of magnetic and electric dipolar transitions by means of plasmonic cavities. Using a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM), we bring in close proximity a nanoparticle doped with trivalent europium to plasmonic cavities of different sizes made of aluminum , allowing perfect control over the interactions between the emitter and the nanostructures. In this study, we show both an increase and decrease of electric and magnetic signal from the particle, and we also display the spatial distribution of both the electric and magnetic radiative local density of state at the surface of the cavities.Therefore, this work pave the way to the understanding of ‘magnetic light’ and matter interactions
Busseret, Christophe. "Etudes optiques et électriques des propriétés électroniques de nano-cristaux de silicium pour composants mono-électroniques." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Full textThe Moore's law which has described micro-electronics for more than 30 years is still planned for the next decade. The technologists will be able to carry out structures of ten nanometers and even below. However, the macroscopic properties actually used will not be applicable any more for such dimensions. To overcome the physical barriers which will result from this passage on the scale of the nanometer, it will be advisable to learn how to use the new physical laws like quantum confinement, Coulomb blockade or tunnel effect. The matter of this thesis falls under the comprehension of the new physical properties of the electronics of tomorrow: it proposes a characterization of the electronic properties of silicon nanostructures. The first chapter describes the change of silicon characteristics when dimensions reach some nanometers. We will focus how to use this new physics in original devices. The associated technological processes will be presented. In the chapter II, an optical characterization of the silicon dots is proposed. The aim is to show the effects of quantum confinement using photoluminescence and of absorption studies. Chapter II is devoted to current transport in order to understand and model the influence of silicon nodules in an oxide matrix. Lastly, chapter IV is dedicated to the description of the charging and discharging kinetics. We model the silicon dots behavior for memories applications
Busseret, Christophe Souifi Abdelkader. "Etudes optiques et électriques des propriétés électroniques de nano-cristaux de silicium pour composants mono-électroniques." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=busseret.
Full textPatoux, Adelin. "Conception, fabrication et étude de métasurfaces optiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30079.
Full textOptical metasurfaces are optical components composed of a set of nanostructures that interact strongly with light, thus considerably modifying its properties over a thickness smaller than the wavelength. They offer the advantage of creating flat, lightweight optics that can also combine several functionalities (wavefront modulation and polarization control for example). Moreover, they represent a very active field of research because of their high potential. We describe here our work concerning the design, fabrication and characterization of optical metasurfaces. In the first chapter, after an introduction on the history of metasurfaces, we present the simulation tools GDM (Green Dyadic Method) and FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain), which allow the simulation of the optical response of nanostructures. In the second chapter, the design method used is presented. It involves the creation of a database of optical responses of various nanostructures, obtained by FDTD simulations. Then, we present the fabrication process used, involving structuring by electron beam lithography. We also introduce the measurement tools used to characterize the fabricated components. In the third chapter, we detail the design, the fabrication and the characterization of a metasurface acting as a light deflector for the 750 nm wavelength. This metasurface is composed of silicon nanodiscs of height 370 nm and diameters varying from 114 nm to 208 nm. These nanodiscs are arranged on a periodic grid of 300 nm pitch. Then, we focus on identifying the origin of the differences between the measured performances and those predicted by the simulations. Thus, we study the impact of possible nanofabrication errors on the optical performances of metasurfaces based on the meta-deflector that we had fabricated. First, TEM observations allow us to characterize precisely the fabricated nanostructures and to compare them with the theoretical design. We then study the impact of these differences on the optical performances of the fabricated meta-deflector by means of numerical simulations. We study the case where the errors are systematic (i.e., identically applied to all structures) and statistical. From these studies, we conclude that some imperfections, related to the lateral shape of the structures (diameter, slope of the sides, oxide layer on the sides) are very impacting while others seem negligible (height, oxide layer above). In the fourth chapter, we use an optical characterization method based on phase imaging called ptychography. This method consists of a digital processing of a large number of diffraction images, acquired following the illumination of different portions of an object to be imaged. First, a history of the method and its operating principle are presented. Then, we describe the experimental bench used while justifying how to optimize the final resolution of reconstruction. Finally, we show the efficiency of the method by characterizing two metasurfaces, including a metalens for which we extract the phase profile in order to evaluate its performance. Finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we present a new approach for the design of metasurfaces using ptychography. [...]
Rodriguez-Otazo, Mariela. "Réalisation de pinces optiques pour la manipulation de nano et micro objets individuels d'intérêt chimique ou biologique." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112099.
Full textWe built an experiment of optical tweezers based on the use of an inverted optical microscope. Two classes of micro objects were studied : 1 - spherical or roughly spherical colloidal particles, either homogeneous such as colloids of pure silica elaborated through a sol-gel method or commercial latex balls, or inhomogeneous such as composite particles made up of a metal gold core embedded in a silica shell. 2 - micro-single crystals of a fluorescent organic molecule presenting a nonspherical, parallelepipedic form. Our study showed an effective trapping even on the smallest particles containing a gold core. For the hybrid gold-silica nanoparticles, the elastic constant of the optical trap measured in experiments is stronger than for the silica nanoparticles with a similar diameter. This result is in agreement with a simple model based on the increase in polarizability of the particle due to the presence of the gold core. The influence of the polarization of the light was studied and we discussed the choice of the detector of position. The organic microcrystals are directed so that their long axis is in the axial direction of the trapping beam; the short axis follows the direction of the linear polarization of the beam. In circular or elliptic polarization, the crystals are put spontaneously in rotation with high speed up to 500 turns per second. It is the ¯rst time that such a result is deferred for particles of the size of our crystals. Another surprising result is that when the incident power increases, the rotation speed also increases as expected but after the passage by a maximum, whereas the power continues growing, the rotation speed decreases until complete stop of rotation, and this evolution is not reversible ! The thesis presented is a thesis carried out within a framework of cotutelle between the University Paris 11 and the Higher Institute of Science and Advanced Technologies - Havana University in Cuba
Chikha, Khalil. "Modélisation, conception, fabrication et reproduction à grande échelle d'éléments optiques diffractants profonds pour les applications anti-fraude." Thesis, Télécom Bretagne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELB0421.
Full textDiffractive micro/nano structures are used for many years to secure sensitive documents such as identity cards, travel documents (passports, visas...). However, the development of reprographic techniques and the increasing involvement of criminal organizations make counterfeiting of printed documents more accessible. Until now, the manufacturing techniques and especially replication of diffractive structures used for anti-fraud protection imposed a limitation on the thickness of the structures that typically could not exceed a few hundred nanometers. My PhD work is part of the research and the development of very advanced mastering and replication techniques which can, thereafter, realize structures with a vertical relief of up to several microns. The availability of this type of thick structure opens many possibilities for new optical functions and thus a new major barrier against counterfeiting
Aouani, Heykel. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'exaltation et le contrôle de la fluorescence moléculaire dans des volumes sub-longueur d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624233.
Full textNouho, Ali Ali. "Confinement électromagnétique sub-longueur d'onde et couplage entre nano-structures photoniques : Calcul de forces et de moments optiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD057.
Full textThis thesis work is a contribution to the numerical modeling of new optical devices based on photonic nano-structures such as photonic crystals, plasmonic nano-antennas or enhanced-transmission metamaterials. The objective is to enhance the light confinement in these structures to further use it as a source of trapping to manipulate resonant or non-resonant metallo-dielectric particles.The first part is devoted to the modeling of the local electrostatic field generated by the application of a DC voltage across two electrodes, on a nano-structured dielectric acting as an active material in electro-optical modulators. The idea is to enhance the local electrostatic and optical fields in the material to induce a more substantial modification of its local index, thus leading to an amplification of its nonlinear effects. In particular, we have shown that by optimizing the geometrical shape of the electrodes, the local electrostatic field can be further exalted inside the material leading to exacerbate the electro-optical effect by a factor 6.The second part concerns the modeling of optical forces and moments acting in nanostructures by the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD). After presenting the principle of modeling of the optical forces and torques, a specific application is considered to study the translational and rotational motions of a dielectric disk placed at the output side of a quarter-wave plate made of metamaterial formed of coaxial apertures with elliptical section engraved in an opaque metal film. On the other hand, we show how an optical tweezer based on Diabolo nano-antennas can be used to sort and arrange dielectric nanoparticles according to their size by tuning the wavelength of the incident beam.The third and last part is dedicated to the study of optical trapping of metallo-dielectric nano-particles and the coupling between different optical nano-resonators according to the distance separating them and according to their natures. A detailed study is presented to analyze and understand the properties (scattering, absorption, extinction,) of these nano-resonators at the sub-wavelength scale. An application has been processed on the trapping of dielectric nano-particles by an optical nano-tweezers based on a photonic crystal coupled to a Bowtie nano-antenna
Decombe, Jean-Baptiste. "Développement et application d’une pince optique à fibres nano-structurées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY035/document.
Full textOptical tweezers allow to trap and manipulate objects without any mechanical contact with light and with an extreme accuracy. This non-invasive and non-destructive technique is of large interest in many scientific domains such as biophysics and medicine. Conventional optical tweezers use a laser beam which is strongly focalised by a microscope objective.The use of optical fibers attracts increasing attention as highly flexible and compact tools for particle trapping. Fiber-based optical tweezers do not require bulky optics and require only little alignments.In this context, the objective of this thesis was to develop a dual fiber nano-tip optical tweezers in order to trap particles with micro and nano-meter sizes. Our tweezers consist of two chemically etched optical fiber tips placed in front of each other with typical gaps from 20~nm to 20~µm. This dual contra-propagative beams configuration allow to cancel light radiation pressure. Efficient trapping can thus be obtained at relative low light intensities. Moreover, strong focusing is not required. Our device present an high flexibility due to in situ optimization and control of the fibre positions and individual particle manipulation without any substrate.During our work, we experimentally demonstrated stable and reproducible trapping of one or several particles in suspension. Various dielectric particles were trapped, from one micrometer polystyrene beads to luminescent YAG:Ce particles with diameters down to 60~nm. During this thesis, the latter were specifically elaborated and optimized for the optical trapping. We also measured optical forces applied to trapped particles by analysing their residual Brownian motion. We showed the trapping potential is of harmonic shape, allowing to define its optical stiffness.vspace{10pt}Finally, by modifying the emitted optical beam shape, we were able to improve specific tweezers characteristics. On one hand, nondiffracting quasi-Bessel beams allow us to get a stable trapping at large fiber-to-fiber distances.On the other hand, the use of metallised fiber tips allows to improve the beam confinement and enhance optical forces while reducing light intensity. We proved the near-field coupling between two metallised tips which were especially elaborated in this work. Those last results open promising perspectives for the development of plasmonic tweezers working in the near-field, which are especially well adapted for nano-particles trapping
Gerelli, Emmanuel. "Nanopinces optiques à base de modes de Bloch lents en cavité." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838792.
Full textLamarre, Jean-Michel. "Propriétés optiques linéaires et non-linéaires de nanocomposites métal-diélectrique anisotropes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00471600.
Full textReserbat-Plantey, Antoine. "Nanosystèmes graphitiques : cavités optiques ajustables et détection spectrale des contraintes dans un nanorésonateur mécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767927.
Full textEustache, Clément. "Capteurs fibrés à base d'ondes de surface de Bloch." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD028.
Full textThe in-situ detection and analysis of small physical, chemical, or biological quantities in hard-to-reach environments is significantly impacting numerous scientific, medical, and industrial fields. Despite being a leading miniaturized solution for this challenge, the "Lab-on-tip" concepts, usually confined at the fiber core, face limitations in detection resolution. My thesis aims to explore a new generation of "Lab-on-tip" systems, based on a core-to-core optical interconnection at the fiber tip, either between various cores of an individual multicore fiber or two standard single-core fibers. This innovative approach leverages nano-optical platforms based on Bloch surface waves. Bloch surface waves are evanescent electromagnetic modes that propagate over millimeter distances on the top surface of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. These waves ensure core-to-core optical interconnection and the probing of their environment. The fiber modes and the Bloch surface waves are coupled by milling subwavelength diffraction gratings above each core, on top of the photonic crystal. We have developed three nano-optical platforms: two at the end of four-core fibers and another on the end-face of a ferrule combining two standard single-mode fibers. Our experiments demonstrated core-to-core coupling that can be controlled by the polarization of the incident light, enabling agile detection and demultiplexing functions. These platforms have been tested as refractometers for detecting volatile organic compounds, showcasing their potential as sensors. Our fiber-integrated architectures allows for light excitation and detection signals to travel through different channels within optical fibers, simplifying the detection process and optimizing signal-to-noise ratio. These fiber-integrated nano-optical platforms hold promise for a wide array of applications, including sensing, optical trapping and manipulation, and information processing
Guralskyi, Illia. "Nano-objets à transition de spin : élaboration, organisation sur des surfaces et étude de leurs propriétés physiques par des méthodes optiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1900/.
Full textThe dissertation is devoted to the preparation of some nanoobjects based upon spin crossover complex [Fe(hptrz)3](OTs)2 (where hptrz is 4-heptyl-1,2,4-triazole), their morphology and properties study. By reaction in reverse microemulsions the spin crossover nanoparticles of 35-70 nm in size and with a different aggregation rate were obtained. The lust was achieved varying the quantities of reagents and water in micellar system. Different approaches toward nano- and microobjects of the complex in homogeneous media were developed. It was found that a direct reaction between salt and ligand, depending on the solvent and the stabilizer, can result in nanoparticles of different size and morphology. The method of complex precipitation allowed to obtain the small nanoparticles with a size related effect. The thin films with spin crossover were elaborated by deposition of the complex from its solution in chloroform. This complex was also structured onto surface by means of soft lithography. Spin transition in these nanoobjects onto surface was studied by UV spectroscopy. Optical diffraction and delocalized plasmon resonance were firstly used for the detection of spin state change in 35 nm film, and also for the detection of methanol. The fluorescent approach permitted to follow the spin crossover phenomenon in a single nanoobject
Mivelle, Mathieu. "Etude et développement de nano-antennes fibrées pour la microscopie en champ proche optique et la nano-photonique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062557.
Full textBréard, David. "Croissance de films minces de silice enrichies en nano-grains de silicium et dopées aux ions Nd3+ : caractérisation et optimisation des propriétés optiques." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559984.
Full textBsawmaii, Laure. "Exaltation des différents effets magnéto-optiques à l’aide de réseaux résonants diélectriques basés sur un nano-composite magnétique obtenu par voie sol-gel." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES028.
Full textMagneto-optical (MO) photonic devices are currently highly desirable because of their ability to improve the sensitivity of biosensors or their sensitivity to the magnetic field. However, MO effects being rather small through classical magnetic films, it is relevant to find ways to enhance such effects which can manifest as light polarization rotation or intensity modification under magnetic field. The proposed device in this work to enhance MO effects is an all-dielectric planar structure formed by a 1D photoresist (PR) grating deposited on top of a MO film itself deposited on a glass substrate. Under coupling conditions through the grating, guided-modes (TE and TM) with narrow resonances are excited in the MO film by the incident light, increasing hence the light-matter interaction. Such coupling results as a dip (peak) in the transmittance (reflectance) spectrum. The MO film is a composite formed by magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2 04) embedded in a silica matrix and obtained through sol-gel process. This nano-structurable composite can be easily deposited on common substrates with low annealing temperature (90°C), which is not the case of the most MO materials used within integrated optics platforms. Large enhancements of the different non-reciprocal polarization rotation effects (such as Faraday and longitudinal MO Kerr) were achieved experimentally and numerically through the all-dielectric resonant structure. The main results of this work concern the transverse MO Kerr effect (TMOKE). This effect induces a non-reciprocal spectral shift of the transmittance (reflectance) resonance upon magnetization reversal, resulting in an intensity modulation effect. TMOKE values up to 9.5% and 18.5% were measured respectively in transmission with T = 80% and in reflection with R = 5%. These large TMOKE values are mainly due to the high quality factor of TM transmittance (reflectance) resonances. The TMOKE signal for a single MO film is around 0.01%, hence an enhancement with three orders of magnitude was achieved through the fabricated structure. The reached measured TMOKE values are highly competitive with the literature where, to our knowledge, maximum values of 1.5% and 15% were experimentally demonstrated respectively through all-dielectric and magneto-plasmonic structures. Moreover, unexpected reciprocal magnetic effects were experimentally evidenced. Finally, the proposed all-dielectric structure is a low-cost device, which can be fabricated on large scale substrate, and able to enhance all the MO effects. Hence, it is a promising structure for non-destructive testing, magnetic field sensing and even biosensing
Tauran, Yannick. "Calix[n]arenes in nano bio-systems." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10245/document.
Full textSupramolecular assemblies are among the basic biochemical reactions in the cellular functions (e.g. DNA replication, immune response). Calix[n]arenes are macrocyclic molecules that have been reported for interacting with a wide range of biomolecules. As a consequence, they can be found in many biological applications from diagnosis to therapeutic treatment. Their functionalization on silver nanoparticles have produced new nano hybrid compounds with unique optical, electrical and biochemical properties. This thesis has been dedicated to the study of these nano-systems for bio-sensing and for their potent biomedical applications. Cost effective, portable and ultra-sensitive analytical tools are one of the major expectations of the applications of silver nanoparticles capped with calix[n]arenes. Calix[n]arenes nanoparticles have been reported here for following the micellisation process of mixed surfactants or for discriminating a type of molecule such nucleic acid or a serum albumin specie. In a second part, these hybrid nanoparticles have been evaluated for series of biological activities. They’ve been shown to possess anti-oxidant and antibacterial activities, to transport Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and to reach antiviral and anti-cancer targets
Hoang, Thi Khuyen. "Molécules, matériaux, et nano-objets à propriétés optiques nonlinéaires quadratiques : commutation optique ou électrique des hyperpolarisabilités, exaltation des nonlinéarités moléculaires par des nanoparticules d'or." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DENS0036.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of molecules, materials, and nano objects for quadratic nonlinear optics (NLO). First, we have investigated a new electro optic polymer made of a polymethyl methacrylate matrix functionalized with a new NLO dye. The NLO susceptibility of this polymer is 43 pm/V, inferred from second harmonic generation at 1. 91 gin. This value has been compared to the calculated one, on the basis of the Langevin model for dipolar molecules poled by a DC electric field. Second, we have investigated metal and organometallic complexes by exploring the possibility of optically (photochromes) or electrically induced (redox reactions) switching of molecular hyperpolarizability values, by changing the conjugation length of a ligand, or the oxidation state of a donor or acceptor group, respectively. Finally, we have studied chromophores derived from 4 dimethylamino N methyl 4 stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) and the exaltation of their NLO properties by gold nanoparticles. A clear increase in the hyperpolarisabilities in a nonresonant configuration (by a factor of 2) of DAST derivatives has been evidenced in the presence of Gold nanoparticules, being either attached to this molecule or simply mixed with in a common solvent
Ladj, Rachid. "Elaboration de nanoparticule composite à propriétés optiques non-linéaires pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENA032.
Full textExogenous biomarkers based on hybrid nanoparticles with nonlinear optical properties were prepared as a contrast agent for second harmonic imaging and diagnosis of pathogenic cells. Iron iodate is one of the selected materials for this specific field due to its good second harmonic properties and its low toxicity. Iron iodate nanoparticles were synthesized by inverse microemulsion and inverse miniemulsion. In both cases, a good control of size and morphology was achieved. For biomedical applications, nanoparticles encapsulation was carried out in situ by reverse miniemulsion polymerization. Finally, encapsulation of potassium niobate nanoparticles with a biocompatible polymer was conducted. Their interest was demonstrated in vitro by second harmonic imaging studies
Belmar-Letelier, Luis. "La Méthode de Rayleigh appliquée aux systèmes de multicouches rugeuses : applicatiion à la modélisation des microscopes optiques en champ proche et à la nano-optique." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0813.
Full textGuelpa, Valérian. "Mesure visuel de position par vision pour la microrobotique à l'aide de mires périodiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD047/document.
Full textPosition metrology is a critical domain in microrobotics, where high scale factors and perturbations often force to use numerous high-performance sensors.Vision offers very interesting tools, both in terms of congestion and number of measurable degrees of freedom.The work developed during this thesis aims at bringing, thanks to pseudo-periodic patterns, solutions to the different locks conventionally encountered in this context, in particular in terms of range-to-resolution ratio or multi-DDL measurement.Several original methods have been proposed, tested experimentally on several types of applications (position measurement, visual servoing, force measurement, etc.) and maded in response to the various problems raised (nanometric precision on millimetric range, 6~DDL measurement, high robustness, etc.)
Pomarede, Damien. "Fibres optiques vitrocéramiques pour application laser." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0019/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of core/clad type optical fibers where the core is composed of transparent glass ceramics. The system considered was composed of a silica matrix where ZnGa2O4 nanocrystals can be stabilized. Those crystals can interestingly be doped with transition metal ions such as chromium (III) or nickel (II) ions. The precursor glass were synthetized by melt quenching method, drawn into fibers through the powder in tube process, and subsequently annealed to produce optically active glass ceramic optical fibers. The starting glass composition together with the drawing parameters, the fiber core composition and the annealing protocol were optimized in order to maximize the luminescence properties around 700 nm and 1350 nm in chromium (III) and nickel (II) doped fibers respectively. Such type of fibers are interesting for the domains of optical thermometry, fibered sources, amplifiers and lasers. In particular, we demonstrated that the emission spectrum around 1350 nm of nickel (II) doped glass ceramic fibers exhibited a full width at half maximum above 270 nm, wider than that of 1300 nm centered commercial sources. The overall power outcome is about thirty micro watts, which is almost suitable for OCT applications. Further developments aiming at reducing the optical losses in the fibers and in maximizing the dopant efficiency will allow to reach the applications requirements. Those promising results led to a patent application on the fibers composition and their fabrication process
Manchon, Delphine. "Réponse optique de nano-objets uniques anisotropes : de l’or aux métaux de transition." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10172/document.
Full textThe optical response of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are known to be dominated by the Localized SurfacePlasmon Resonance (LSPR), which is highly sensitive to the size of the NPs, their shape and their environment.This optical response can be studied on single nanoparticles thanks to a highly sensitive setup based on theSpatial Modulation Spectroscopy (SMS) which gives access to their absolute extinction cross-section on a widespectral range (300–900 nm). Moreover, the morphology of the same objects studied in optics is characterized bya direct observation in Transmission or Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM or SEM).In this work, a new setup allowing the measurement of both the extinction and the scattering of a single nanoobjecthas been developed. This technique allows a quantitative measurement of the scattering cross-sectionprovided the angular distribution of the scattered light by the NP is known.The second part is related to experimental and theoretical optical studies and morphological observationsthrough TEM and SEM of exotic nano-objects. First, a systematic study performed on a large number of goldbipyramids, chemically elaborated, has shown that the LSPR located in the red is highly sensitive to theirmorphology and to the environment. Thus, these objects can likely be used as biological sensors. In addition,emergence of a resonance induced by plasmon coupling has been evidenced on lithographed nano-antennasbased on transition metal (Pd, Pt, Cr) for which no LSPR is usually expected. This opens up prospects for novelapplications by extending the field of plasmonics to metals of various chemical properties (photocatalysis,magneto-optics)
Sajti, Csaba Lảszlỏ. "Synthèse de nano-agrégats et de matériaux nanohybrides à base d'oxyde de zinc par ablation laser femtoseconde en phase liquide : étude de l'élaboration et des propriétés optiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22064.pdf.
Full textThroughout this thesis, we have developed a method to synthesize ZnO nanoclusters and dye-grafted ZnO nanohybrids using femtosecond laser ablation in liquid environment. The average particle size, the size distribution and the optical properties of ejected species are controlled by the properties of the surrounding liquid, the laser parameters and concentration of the additives. Photoluminescence measurements revealed synthesized ZnO nanoparticles with very high optical quality. For nanoclusters ablated with mild laser fluence, we observed clear modifications in optical properties due to quantum confinement effects, resulting from size-reduced nanoparticles. ZnO nanohybrids were synthesized via two different techniques. ZnO nanoparticles are crystallized as spheres, whereas nanohybrids showed well-developed faceted surfaces indicating the change in growth condition owing to the presence of grafted chromophores on the nanoparticle surface. When exciting the ZnO core of the nanohybrids we observed efficient excitation exchange from the nanoparticles toward the attached dye molecules. The same effect was observed by two-photon excitation in the near IR region proving that the nanoparticles contribute to the grafted dye emission. Rapid exctitation exchange process was confirmed from the ZnO core material toward the grafted chromophores by time-correlated single photon fluorescence spectroscopy
Agreda, Adrian. "Electrical control of the nonlinear properties of plasmonic nanostructures." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK010.
Full textThis work brings nano-electronics and nano-photonics technologies together to create an electron- plasmon device whose linear and nonlinear optical properties are electrically controlled. Here, we present the first demonstration of nonlinear photoluminescence modulation by electrical means in an uncluttered configuration. To this purpose, plasmonic nanoantennas are interfaced with elec- trical connections inducing localized regions of electron accumulation and depletion and therefore affecting the optical response. Additionally, a complete analysis of the nonlinear photoluminescence in plasmonic nanowires is carried out. The delocalization and transport of nonlinearities provided by such structures allow the remote activation of the signals. Different aspects including the un- derlying mechanisms behind the electrical modulation and the processes dictating the nonlinear photoluminescence generation are systematically explored
Moussavou, Manel. "Modélisation du transport quantique de transistors double-grille : influence de la contrainte, du matériau et de la diffusion par les phonons." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0353.
Full textThe transistor is the elementary brick of Integrated circuits found in all electronic devices. Years after years the microelectronic industry has enhanced the performances of integrated circuits (speed and energy consumption) by downscaling the transistor. Nowadays besides the transistor’s downscaling, other techniques have been considered to maintain this growth: they are called technological boosters. Mechanical strain or new material, such as germanium (Ge) and III-V semiconductors, to replace Silicon are example of technological boosters. By the means of numerical quantum simulations and modeling, this these work propose a study of the effect of technological boosters on the electric performances of the next generation of transistors
Leroy, Benjamin. "Etude et développement d'un système de signalisation holographique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS126.
Full textThis work has focused on the design and realization of a planar lighting device based on plasmonic structures, for a 633nm operation. This device will be able to convert a coherent incident light into a uniform output beam over the surface of the device, collimated and with a predefined angle with respect to the plane of the device. To achieve this feature, the proposed solution is the use of an array of dielectric waveguides to distribute the light over the surface, and silver nanostructures chains coupled to the waveguides and dimensioned as antennas to retransmit the light out of the plane. The work carried out has highlighted the control of the coupling between the waveguide and the silver nanostructures chain, modulated by several parameters in a range between 10% and 90%: the number of particles, particle size, distance between the guide and the particles. By playing on the period of the chain, it is possible to obtain an out-of-plane radiation, with an angle determined by the diffraction gratings formula. Elementary emitters, consisting of a guide and particle chains, were manufactured in a clean room and characterized on a guided wave optical bench with Fourier plane projection set-up. The experimental radiation patterns are in agreement with the simulations one. First results have also experimentally confirmed the possibility of modulating the waveguide-chain coupling by modifying the dimensions of the particles. Finally, the waveguide network has been dimensioned for an 1 cm² surface and manufactured with projection lithography. The linear losses measured in the waveguides are of the order of 5 dB / mm. Several optimizations can be made to improve the quality of the guides. From the experimental data obtained and the beam propagation simulations, a realistic configuration of the lighting device including the number and positioning of the transmitters on the waveguide network has been proposed. All the works carried out validate the chosen approach
Modaresialam-Bochet, Mehrnaz. "Fabrication of dielectric nanostructures by nano imprint lithography and sol-gel chemistry for optical applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0345.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop methods to elaborate nanostructured metasurfaces by combining sol-gel chemistry and nano imprint lithography (soft-NIL), which are of relevant scientific and technological interest as they inscribe themselves in the general trend of developing affordable and time-saving processes, using biocompatible and non-toxic materials. Firstly, we showcase the elaboration of new efficient antireflection coatings made of water-repellent methylated silica nipple-dimple nano-architectures (pillars and holes). The interest of these results relies on the possibility to drastically reduce reflection in a broad spectral interval and within a broad acceptance angle of the incident light, rendering them adapted to photovoltaic, glass covers, laser windows, and much more. Furthermore, these nano-materials feature a high chemical, thermal and mechanical stability. Secondly, a highly sensitive optical gas sensor was elaborated based on TiO2 nanopatterns embedded in a thin microporous hybrid-SiO2 sensitive coating. The reflectivity of the layer has then been measured in the visible range with increasing vapor pressure. The measured sensing performances are sensitivity S up to 4500 nm/RIU (0.2 nm/ppm), reflection intensity changes up to R* = 17 (0.55×10-3 R/ppm), FOM up to 12, with a Q-Factor of 4 for a specific wavelength, which is compatible with sub-ppm gas detection by simple specular reflection. Finally, a novel generation of dielectric 3D stack nanostructured patterns (e.g. TiO2 pillars - mesoporous SiO2 - TiO2 pillars) was developed as an innovative optical system that has never been experimentally studied before
Chopin, Alexandre. "Photonic crystal sources of non-classical states of light." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP079.
Full textQuantum integrated photonics promises to bring quantum optics into a practical device. The primary objective of this area is to achieve scalable integration for various applications, including quantum computing, simulation, communication, and sensing. In a quantum circuit, photons, which are carriers of the quantum state, are generated, manipulated with linear and nonlinear components, and detected. The goal of this doctoral study is to contribute to the development of efficient and scalable sources of non-classical states of light, e.g: entanglement, single photons, and squeezing. To this purpose, we introduce a novel class of sources based on photonic crystal (PhC) resonators, and we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in terms of efficiency and footprint. PhC cavities have been considered for quantum optics without, however, achieving remarkable performances. Therefore, micro-disks and rings have been commonly used as sources for integrated quantum photonics. Encouraged by the successful demonstration of the first Optical Parametric Oscillations (OPO) using a PhC cavity, we explored the potential application of this technology in the field of quantum optics. Below the threshold, OPO generates correlated photon pairs through a spontaneous parametric process, specifically spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM). In particular, OPOs have been commonly utilized for generating entangled photon pairs and squeezed states. It is crucial that the cavity contains three equispaced modes that match the frequencies of the interacting photons, as this ensures maximum efficiency. Two geometries of PhC cavities have been considered: Nanobeam and Bichromatic, both made of Indium Gallium Phosphide. The main result is the ultra-efficient generation of time-correlated photon pairs. This confirmed our expectations based on the ultra-low threshold of the PhC OPO. Considering the state-of-the-art, we show that efficiency scales with the interaction volume in the cavity. Therefore, the origin of the very large efficiency is the very small volume of the PhC cavities. Moreover, this also implies a much-reduced footprint on the chip, which helps scalability. We have further characterized the properties of the generated photons, in particular time-energy entanglement, heralded single photons, and the emission of photon pairs in time-bins, an essential step towards demonstrating time-bin entanglement. Additionally, preliminary steps towards the generation of two-mode squeezed states have been undertaken. Besides, we have also considered the classical dynamics above OPO threshold by sampling its parameter space by performing measurements on a large number of devices. This allowed us to set a condition for OPO operation in agreement with a model highlighting the limiting role of non-linear absorption. We also revealed potential instabilities in the OPO operation. Finally, we started to address the question of scalability by performing a statistical analysis of over 650 cavities to study the impact of fabrication tolerances. So, we have demonstrated PhC cavity quantum sources with an exceptional level of efficiency. This suggests a promising new approach for the development of scalable sources within quantum integrated circuits
Xie, Zhihua. "Fiber-integrated nano-optical antennas and axicons as ultra-compact all-fiber platforms for luminescence detection and imaging down to single nano-emitters." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2046/document.
Full textMy thesis is devoted to develop ultra-compact, plug-and-play and low-cost single-mode optical fibersystems for in-fiber luminescence collection. First, a new fiber self-aligned axicon is proposed toprovide the first resolved infrared fluorescence imaging of PbS quantum dots in far field. Then,all-fiber near-field imaging of single PbS quantum dots is achieved by double resonance bowtienano-aperture antenna (BNA) with nanometer resolution. Finally, the concept of fiber nano-opticalhorn antenna is proposed for in-fiber X-ray excited luminescence out-coupling, with the purpose ofgenerating the first generation of fiber X-ray sensors and dosimeters
Busson, Mickaël. "Nano-Antennes Assemblées sur ADN et Alimentées par un Émetteur Quantique Unique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815549.
Full textAl-Obaidi, Rand. "In vitro enamel subsurface lesions : characterization and treatment." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT017/document.
Full textWhite spot lesion is the subsurface hypomineralization of enamel indicating the 1st stage of dental caries development. Early detection of incipient dental caries before it reaches the stage of cavitation offers an opportunity for effective dental care. The objectives of this study were to strengthen the idiom of minimally invasive treatment. In order to achieve the specified goals; we have identified a modified pH cycling model that can mimic the intraoral conditions leading to white spot lesions formation in a short time. In addition, non-invasive optical techniques, such as confocal Raman microscopy and multiphoton microscopy were used in this study to detect small changes in the enamel chemical composition in vitro.Furthermore, nano-indentation technique was used to detect the changes in the mechanical properties of enamel and relate them to those affecting its chemical composition after caries induction in order to add chemico-mechanical specificity in providing important information about subsurface lesions in enamel. The obtained results demonstrate a great potential for the examined techniques, providing a basis for interesting applications in the clinical diagnosis of various pathological conditions in dentistry. To treatment the incipient carious lesions non-invasively, the effectiveness of GC Tooth Mousse cream and nHA containing-dentifrice "KAREX" in the remineralization of demineralized enamel through localizing amorphous calcium phosphate at tooth surface has been inspected. The study indicated a lack of reliable evidence supporting the efficacy of remineralizing agents in the treatment of white spot lesions. Within the limitations of this study, further laboratory studies together with clinical research are therefore required to increase the available knowledge on this prevalent subject
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10235.
Full textOur needs for data storage are explosives. Generated by multimedia content of increasing size, they lead to a frantic enhancement of optical discs performances. However, the physical limits are quickly reached. Among them, the diffraction of light waves has restricted the recording capacity of the CD, the DVD and still limits the "Blu-ray” (BD) disc capacity. This thesis proposes to overcome this barrier by a thorough study of near-field optical pickup. The current near-field optical head using solid immersion lens, completely passive towards evanescent waves, will be optimized to provide a storage capacity 40% higher. But market demand for optical disk requires going further. The theory of the negative index materials, highly controversial, is sufficiently relevant to guide the rest of the work. A negative index material is a utopian solution to break the resolution limit, and its properties will inspire a photonic super-lens. In this lens designed for the near-field, surface plasmons which are excited at the interfaces between silver and glass, are converted into propagative waves through a sub-wavelength diffractive structure. These waves carry information to the detector through the whole optical head. The transmission of this component is demonstrated in an experimental setup in which we recover a signal carried by a 488nm-wavelength laser beam, but relative to 60nm sized object
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Full textLevallois, Christophe. "Étude et réalisation de lasers à cavité verticale mono et multi-longueurs d'onde émettant à 1,55 μm." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489096.
Full textBlancon, Jean-Christophe. "Optical absorption and electronic properties of individual carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10164/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we report on the experimental investigation of the optical properties of single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. Despite numerous studies performed using photoluminescence or Raman and Rayleigh scattering, knowledge of their optical response is still partial. In particular direct quantitative measurement of their absorption cross-section has not been achieved yet. Using spatial modulation spectroscopy we have determined, over a broad optical spectral range, the spectrum and amplitude of the absorption cross-section of identified individual single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. These quantitative measurements permit the determination of the oscillator strength of the different excitonic resonances. Furthermore, investigation of the same nanotube, either a single-wall or double-wall nanotube, freestanding or deposited on a substrate shows large broadening with increase of oscillator strength of the excitonic resonances, as well as stark weakening of polarization dependent antenna effects, due to nanotube-substrate interaction. Similar study on nanotube bundles and double-wall nanotubes demonstrate the importance of inter-tube and inter-wall exciton coupling effects which seem to be of different nature in these two types of sample. The second part of this thesis studies electrical transport in carbon nanotube bundles under high pressure condition and low temperature. The behavior of nanotubebased field-effect transistors has been investigated, in the classical and Coulomb blockade regime, under gas-pressure up to 0.9 GPa. Overall, this dissertation communicates on the quantitative analysis of the absorption and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and how they are influenced by various environmental effects such as dielectric screening, stress induced strain, hydrostatic pressure, or chemical doping. The novelty of this work is to address these issues at the single nanotube level
Hsieh, Kuan-Ying. "Étude multi-échelle des changements structuraux et leur influence sur les propriétés optiques de complexes photoactifs encapsulés dans des matrices méesoporeuses." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0124/document.
Full textSilica xerogels are versatile host materials for the inclusion of molecules, clusters, or nano-objects yielding host-guest compounds with unique physical, chemical or biological properties. The knowledge of the structural organization of the guest within the host is crucial for the understanding of its properties. Total scattering methods, based on Debye function analysis (DFA) and Pair Distribution Function (PDF), have become powerful tools for structural characterization of nanostructured hybrid materials. The aim of this work is to use the X-ray total scattering method to obtain structural information on photoactive molecules embedded into amorphous silica hosts with different pore sizes, to correlate their structure with the optical properties, and to explore the limitations of the chosen method. Two different photoactive complexes have been investigated. In the first example, the combined PDF and NMR study on Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O (SNP) embedded into silica matrices allows to extract the nature of the inserted species: quasi-free isolated molecules can be distinguished from nanoparticles and in the former case a model for the arrangement of cation-anion can be proposed from the PDF analysis. In the second example, a luminescent Nd3+ complex, the PDF and DFA analysis reveal that the structural organization of the embedded Nd3+ complexes is different from that of the crystalline material. Furthermore, the Nd3+ cations change the coordination from 8 to 9 during the wet-impregnation doping and adopt very similar structural arrangement as in aqueous solution, which is in agreement with the observed change in the luminescence properties
Ecarnot, Aurore. "Nano-pince optique intégrée contrôlée par plasmon de surface localisé pour le piégeage de nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS545/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the conception and the realisation of an integrated nano-tweezers based on the near field effect to trap nanoparticles smaller than 1 µm.The proposed device exploits the strong coupling between a SOI waveguide and a gold elliptic chain to excite the localized surface plasmon and to create a deep energy potential well to trap polystyrene beads.FDTD simulations are used to optimize the geometry of the structure and to extract the stiffness values and the potential energy. The efficiency and the trapping stability are evaluated with particles having size between 20 nm and 1 $upmu$m. This work shows that polystyrene beads with a radius between 50 and 250 nm are efficiently trapped thanks to single and double plasmonic chain with an injected power of 10 mW. The electric field is more localized when two gold elliptic nanocylinders on top of a SOI waveguide are considered. This structure can be used as a sensor to detect the shift of the optical index or the variation of the bead size. The tweezing of metallic beads having radius higher than 15 nm is also presented. It is also possible to control the position of the trap particle along a gold elliptic chain by varying the injected wavelength into the waveguide.Trapping device are fabricated in clean-room based on the simulations results of the geometry optimisation and are characterized on an optical bench. Optical measurements of transmission enable to determine the resonance wavelength of the plasmonic chain. Optical trapping experiment highlight the efficient tweezing of dielectric nanoparticles. With time resolved tracking method of the particle, position histograms can be plotted to extract potential energy and stiffness value. These experimentals results are not as good as the simulations results which can be explain by mechanic vibrations of the optical bench.This trapping device opens news applications in all integrated nanometric sensors with a small injected power