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Journal articles on the topic 'Nano-Crystalline Diamond'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hua, Li. "Nano-Crystalline Diamond Development and Application." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1500–1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1500.

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diamonds have superior performance unmatched by other materials. The nano-crystalline diamond (nano-crystalline diamond powder and nano-crystalline diamond films) is a new construction material and functional material with diamond excellent properties and nano material characteristics. Such dual bizarre characteristics determine its wide application. The application developed predicts its sound prospects, which, however, requires researchers to conduct studies and development.

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2

Wang, Xinchang, Chengchuan Wang, and Fanghong Sun. "Development and growth time optimization of boron-doped micro-crystalline, undoped micro-crystalline and undoped nano-crystalline composite diamond film." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 7 (August 29, 2016): 1244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416666902.

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Based on a well-designed growth procedure, a tri-material, namely, a three-layer boron-doped micro-crystalline, undoped micro-crystalline and undoped nano-crystalline composite diamond film, is deposited on the pretreated WC–6 wt% Co substrate, the basic characters of which are systematically studied and compared with some other commonly used diamond films. Besides, the growth times for three respective layers are accordingly determined. It is further clarified that the underlying boron-doped micro-crystalline diamond layer can well adhere to the WC–Co substrate due to either the reduction in the residual stress or the formation of B–Co compounds. There is no doubt that the surface undoped nano-crystalline diamond layer with relatively lower hardness and initial surface roughness is more convenient to be polished to the required surface roughness. Moreover, when the growth times for the middle undoped micro-crystalline diamond layer and the surface undoped nano-crystalline diamond layer are both appropriate, the undoped micro-crystalline diamond layer with extremely high diamond quality and hardness can effectively reinforce the surface hardness of the whole composite film. Based on the discussions on the influences of the growth times for the different layers on the performance of the composite diamond film, the growth times for the boron-doped micro-crystalline diamond, undoped micro-crystalline diamond and undoped nano-crystalline diamond layers are, respectively, determined as 4, 4 and 2 h. Under such conditions, the reinforcement effect of the middle layer on the surface hardness can be guaranteed, and the undoped nano-crystalline diamond grains have totally covered the undoped micro-crystalline diamond layer.

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3

PENG, J. L., SHAUN BULCOCK, PETER I. BELOBROV, and L. A. BURSILL. "SURFACE BONDING STATES OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE DIAMOND BALLS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 31 (December 20, 2001): 4071–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007865.

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The rough surface of nano-crystalline diamond spheres induces surface electronic states which appear as a broadened pre-peak over approx. 15 eV at the C K-edge energy threshold for carbon in the parallel electron energy loss spectrum (PEELS). This appears to be at least partially due to 1s-π* transitions, although typically the latter occupy a range of only 4 eV for the sp2 edge of highly-oriented pyrollytic graphite (HOPG). No π* electrons appear in the conduction band inside the diamond particles, where all electrons are sp3 hybridized. PEELS data were also obtained from a chemical vapour deposited diamond film (CVDF) and gem-quality diamond for comparison with the spectra of nano-diamonds. The density of sp2 and sp3 states on the surface of diamond nano-crystals is calculated for simple structural models of the diamond balls, including some conjecture about surface structures. The results are used to interpret the sp2/sp3 ratios measured from the PEELS spectra recorded as scans across the particles. Surface roughness at the atomic scale was also examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron nano-diffraction patterns were used to confirm the crystal structures.

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4

Murakami, Riichi, Shinichiro Fukui, Daisuke Yonekura, and Cheolmun Yim. "Study of Boron-Doped Diamond Films by Microwave Plasma CVD Method." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1883.

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Boron-doped diamonds were deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method in order to investigate the influence of inlet boron concentration on the film properties. The substrate material of the specimens was pure titanium (99.9 %). Boron source was introduced into the vacuum chamber by bubbling of B2O3, acetone and methanol mixture. Samples were produced with different B2O3 concentrations in mixture (1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, and 10000 ppm). The surface morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction was used to identify crystal structures of the films. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to examine the qualitative boron contents in the films. For low B2O3 concentrations in liquid mixture (1000 ppm), the surface morphology of the film showed both micro crystalline diamond and nano crystalline diamond. For medium B2O3 concentrations in liquid mixture (5000 ppm), the surface morphology of the film was also consisted of micro crystalline diamond and nano crystalline diamond. However, the content of micro crystalline diamond decreased in comparison with low B2O3 concentration. For high B2O3 concentration in liquid mixture (10000 ppm), the surface morphology of the film was almost dominated by nano crystalline diamond. Therefore, the crystal size of boron doped diamond decreased with increasing boron concentration. From these results, it appears that boron will restrain the growth of diamond crystal during deposition.

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5

Lei, Xuelin, Yun He, and Fanghong Sun. "Tribological properties of TiN/diamond and TiAlN/diamond bilayer films sliding against carbon steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 8 (December 29, 2017): 1014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117750975.

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In this study, the tribological properties of the monolayer micro-crystalline diamond and nano-crystalline diamond films, TiN/diamond and TiAlN/diamond bilayer films on cemented tungsten carbide substrates are evaluated by dry sliding against the medium carbon steel counterpart balls, in terms of the coefficient of friction, wear rate, worn surfaces, and chemical transitions in the contacting wear zones. The significant coefficient of friction reducing effect of top-layer TiN and TiAlN coating only happens on the nano-crystalline diamond film, where the stable coefficient of friction of TiN/nano-crystalline diamond or TiAlN/nano-crystalline diamond bilayer coating reduces 9% or 53% compared with the nano-crystalline diamond film. The formed ionic metal oxides such as Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 coming from the chemisorbing of the atmospheric molecular water, oxygen in the air and the delamination of steel ball due to the repeated friction interaction is supposed to be responsible for the coefficient decreasing effect. The TiN or TiAlN film on diamond layer exhibits lower positive wear rate compared with the TiN or TiAlN film itself, due to the load support ability improvement resulted from the high hardness of diamond interlayers. Among all the tested hard films, the TiAlN/nano-crystalline diamond bilayer coating exhibits the valid potential to be the optimized tool coating in carbon steel machining in terms of its low coefficient of friction and wear rate, which may come from the self-lubricated transfer tribolayer formation on the TiAlN layer, as well as the enhanced mechanical supporting capacity of the underneath smooth and hard nano-crystalline diamond interlayer.

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6

Haubner, Roland, and Benno Lux. "Deposition of ballas diamond and nano-crystalline diamond." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 20, no. 2 (March 2002): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-4368(02)00006-9.

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7

Luo, Shenq Y., Jui-Kang Kuo, Brian Yeh, James C. Sung, Chuang-Wen Dai, and Tsung J. Tsai. "The tribology of nano-crystalline diamond." Materials Chemistry and Physics 72, no. 2 (November 2001): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(01)00422-9.

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8

Fan, Zhang, Zhang Yu-Feng, Gao Qiao-Jun, Zhang Shu-Lin, Lin Ting, Peng Xiao-Fu, and Lin Zeng-Dong. "Synthesis of Nano-crystalline Diamond Films." Chinese Physics Letters 17, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/17/5/024.

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9

Ando, Y., Y. Nishibayashi, and A. Sawabe. "‘Nano-rods’ of single crystalline diamond." Diamond and Related Materials 13, no. 4-8 (April 2004): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2003.10.066.

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10

Barbosa, Divani C., M. R. Baldan, V. J. Trava-Airoldi, and Evaldo Jose Corat. "Micro, Nano and Ultranano-Crystalline Diamond Deposition." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.168.

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This is a comparative experimental study of the micro, nanoand ultranano-crystalline diamond deposition. The Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) reactor deposits the films using different deposition parameters. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy let morphology inspection. Visible-Raman scattering loaded to estimating relative induced stress, by the graphite peak shift and associated with the defect incorporation and sp2bond enhancement. The x-ray diffraction confirmed the diamond crystallinity, where Scherrer ́s equations estimate crystallite size and diamond renucleation rates. In this work we propose a defect increasing relative graphite incorporation with the transition of micro, nanoto ultranano-crystalline diamond deposition. Besides this, we propose that this increase defects follows the increase diamond renucleation rates and decreases in the induced stress films. Included is a discussion of the possible reasons for these observations.

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11

Ashkinazi, E. E., V. S. Sedov, R. A. Khmelnitsky, A. A. Khomich, A. V. Khomich, and V. G. Ralchenko. "Growth of nano-crystalline diamond on single-crystalline diamond by CVD method." Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute 43, no. 12 (December 2016): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068335616120101.

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12

Kriele, Armin, Oliver A. Williams, Marco Wolfer, Jakob J. Hees, Waldemar Smirnov, and Christoph E. Nebel. "Formation of nano-pores in nano-crystalline diamond films." Chemical Physics Letters 507, no. 4-6 (May 2011): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.089.

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13

Li, Ying, Wen Jun Zou, Bian Xiao Li, and Qi Ming Dong. "Nano-Crystalline Structure and Strengthening Mechanism of Nano-Diamond/Ni Composite Coatings by Brush-Plating." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.616.

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Nano-diamond/Ni and Ni coatings were prepared by brush plating. SEM and XRD methods were applied to investigate the morphology, nano-crystalline structure and grain size of the coatings. The results show that the grain size of the brush coatings all is in nanometer scale. The surface morphology of the composite brush coatings is a finer and denser cauliflower-like structure. Meanwhile the reasons of formation nano-crystalline structure are the high over-potential, the discontinuous grain growth resulted from the reciprocating motion and friction between the plating pen and the work piece, the heterogeneous nucleation of the nano-diamond, and the point discharge effect. The nano-diamond as the second phases decreases the grain size of the coating and consequently increase the strength of the composite coatings largely.

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14

Zhang, W. J., Y. Wu, C. Y. Chan, W. K. Wong, X. M. Meng, I. Bello, Y. Lifshitz, and S. T. Lee. "Structuring single- and nano-crystalline diamond cones." Diamond and Related Materials 13, no. 4-8 (April 2004): 1037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2003.10.007.

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15

Wei, Chao, Yuping Ma, Yuan Han, Yao Zhang, Liu Yang, and Xuehui Chen. "Study on Femtosecond Laser Processing Characteristics of Nano-Crystalline CVD Diamond Coating." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204273.

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Ultra-short pulse laser interaction with diamond materials has attracted extensive interest in micro- and nano-machining, especially for the fabrication of micro tools, because of the straightforward method and high precision. Thanks to the development of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology, high-quality CVD diamonds are employed in more varieties of tools as performance-enhancing coatings. The purpose of the experiments reported here was to explore the machinability of CVD diamond coating under the irradiation of femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser. The factor-control approach was adopted to investigate the influence of scanning speed, single pulse energy and repetition rate on the surface quality and carbon phase transition of CVD diamond coating. The material removal rate and surface roughness were evaluated. The interaction mechanism of scanning speed, single pulse energy, and repetition rate were discussed, and the fs laser ablation threshold of CVD diamond coating was calculated. It was demonstrated that two ablation mechanisms (weak and intensive) were in existence as evidenced by the distinct surface morphologies induced under different processing conditions. A strong dependence on the variation of scanning speed and pulse energy is identified in the examination of surface roughness and removal rate. Lorentzian–Gaussian deconvolution of Raman spectra illustrates that fs laser irradiation yields a strong modification effect on the coating and release the compressive stress in it. Furthermore, a newly defined parameter referring to the fs laser energies applied to unit volume was introduced to depict the degree of ablation and the Taguchi method was used to figure out the significance of different parameters. The ablation threshold of CVD diamond coating at the effective pulses of 90 is calculated to be 0.138 J/cm2.

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16

Li, Xing Rui, Xin Wei Shi, Ning Yao, and Xin Chang Wang. "Nano-Crystalline Diamond Films Deposited on Copper Substrate by MPCVD Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1310.

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Nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) films with good adhesion were deposited on flexible copper substrate with Ni interlayer by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD). In this paper, two-stage method was used to improve the adhesion between the copper substrates and the diamond films. The effect of deposition time of the first stage on the morphology, crystal structure, non-diamond phase and adhesive properties of diamond films was investigated. The performance and structure of the diamond films were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy (Raman) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the films were nano-crystalline diamond films positively. Impress method was used to examine the adhesion between diamond film and the substrate. When deposition time is 1.5h, the adhesion between diamond film and the copper substrate is better than the others. When it was 2.5h or longer, because the graphite layers existed as intermediate, the adherence between the diamond films and copper substrates was very poor. Therefore, the diamond films were easily peeled off from the substrates. Otherwise, the second stage called annealing process after the deposition played an important role to the adhesion. The films would be easily peeled off by curling without the annealing process.

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17

Hu, J., Y. K. Chou, R. G. Thompson, J. Burgess, and S. Street. "Characterizations of nano-crystalline diamond coating cutting tools." Surface and Coatings Technology 202, no. 4-7 (December 2007): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.050.

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18

Ray, M. A., T. Tyler, B. Hook, A. Martin, G. Cunningham, O. Shenderova, J. L. Davidson, M. Howell, W. P. Kang, and G. McGuire. "Cool plasma functionalization of nano-crystalline diamond films." Diamond and Related Materials 16, no. 12 (December 2007): 2087–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2007.07.016.

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19

van Dreumel, G. W. G., J. G. Buijnsters, T. Bohnen, J. J. ter Meulen, P. R. Hageman, W. J. P. van Enckevort, and E. Vlieg. "Growth of GaN on nano-crystalline diamond substrates." Diamond and Related Materials 18, no. 5-8 (May 2009): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2009.01.027.

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20

Zimmermann, T., M. Kubovic, A. Denisenko, K. Janischowsky, O. A. Williams, D. M. Gruen, and E. Kohn. "Ultra-nano-crystalline/single crystal diamond heterostructure diode." Diamond and Related Materials 14, no. 3-7 (March 2005): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2004.12.049.

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21

Wang, Xin Chang, Su Lin Chen, Bin Shen, and Fang Hong Sun. "Frictional and Wear Behavior of Micro-Crystalline and Nano-Crystalline Diamond Films." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.719.

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In the present investigation, both micro-crystalline and nanocrystalline diamond (MCD and NCD) films are fabricated, which are characterized by FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), surface profilemeter, Raman spectroscopy and Rockwell hardness tester. Moreover, under the dry environment, the frictional behavior of both the films sliding against commonly-used materials in the metal drawing industry is studied on a ball-on-plate rotational frictional tester, including the stainless steel, low-carbon steel, high-carbon steel and copper, demonstrating that the frictional coefficients between NCD films and all these materials are relatively smaller. Furthermore, the wear rates of both the films, which are hardly measured in the ball-on-plate friction tests, are evaluated using a home-made inner-hole line drawing apparatus, with both the diamond films deposited on the inner-hole surfaces and the low-carbon steel wires as the counterparts. Inversely, the NCD films present higher wear rates than the MCD ones, which can be attributed to the deteriorative film purity and adhesion.

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22

Zhang, G. F., Y. Y. He, and X. D. Hou. "Influence of Additive on Diamond Films Synthesized Using Liquid Phase Electrochemical Method." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.662.

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An attempt was made to deposit nano-crystalline (or amorphous) diamond films on silicon and 316L stainless steel substrates by electrochemical deposition using a high-voltage pulsed generator. Alcoholic organic compounds with various concentrations of deionized water were used as electrolysis solutions. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the films were examined by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Adding de-ionized water into the reaction solution can enhance the deposition rate of amorphous diamond films. The crystalline structure analysis has confirmed unambiguously the formation of diamond nano- or submicron-crystals in the deposits. It is believed that the ion H of electrochemical production plays quite similar roles to those that take place in chemical vapor deposition methods of diamond growth.

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23

Skordaris, Georgios, Tilemachos Kotsanis, Apostolos Boumpakis, and Fani Stergioudi. "Effect of the crystallinity of NCD and MLD diamond coatings characterized by same level of residual stresses after annealing on their fatigue strength and wear behavior in milling." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801002.

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Nano-composite (NCD) and multi-layered (MLD) diamond coatings were deposited on cemented carbide tools using hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) techniques. Appropriate annealings were conducted on the examined diamond coatings in order to be characterized by the same level of residual stresses. The crystalline structure of the employed diamond coatings was investigated by conducting Raman spectra. Inclined impact tests at ambient and elevated temperatures were carried out for assessing their temperature-dependent fatigue strength. Moreover, the wear behaviour of diamond coated inserts was investigating in milling aluminum foam. Raman spectra were also conducted on the treated diamond coatings for capturing potential crystalline changes developed due to the exercised thermal and dynamic mechanical loads during cutting. According to the attained results, the coexistence of sp2– and sp3-bonded phases in the cases of MLD diamond coatings results in an accelerated wear development, despite their structure capability to decelerate the crack propagation. As a result, nano-crystalline diamond coatings characterized only by sp3-bonded phase exhibit an improved wear behaviour. The cutting performance of the NCD coated inserts is further improved due to the enhanced tribological properties of the NCD coatings.

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24

Xiong, Liwei, Jianhua Wang, Fan Liu, Weidong Man, Jun Weng, and Pengfei Liu. "Deposition and Boron Doping of Nano-Crystalline Diamond Thin Films on Poly-Crystalline Diamond Thick Films." Plasma Science and Technology 14, no. 10 (October 2012): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/14/10/09.

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25

Pfeiffer, R., H. Kuzmany, P. Knoll, S. Bokova, N. Salk, and B. Günther. "Evidence for trans-polyacetylene in nano-crystalline diamond films." Diamond and Related Materials 12, no. 3-7 (March 2003): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(02)00336-9.

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26

Faure, Cyril, Lionel Teulé-Gay, Jean-Pierre Manaud, and Angéline Poulon-Quintin. "Mechanisms of time-modulated polarized nano-crystalline diamond growth." Surface and Coatings Technology 222 (May 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.02.010.

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27

Ray, Sekhar C., and I. N. Lin. "Ferroelectric behaviours of ultra-nano-crystalline diamond thin films." Surface and Coatings Technology 271 (June 2015): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.11.075.

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28

Li, Duosheng, Xianliang Zhou, Dunwen Zuo, and Aihua Zou. "Deposition of Nano-Crystalline Diamond Films of Spherical Shell." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2012.2235.

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29

Liwei, Xiong, Liu Fan, Wang Jianhua, Man Weidong, Weng Jun, and Liu Changlin. "Plasma Processing of Boron-Doped Nano-Crystalline Diamond Thin Film Fabricated on Poly-Crystalline Diamond Thick Film." Plasma Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (August 2010): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/12/4/10.

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30

Wei, Qi Long, Xiao Bin Yue, Xiao Yuan Li, Bo Liu, Xiao Feng Zhang, and Da Jiang Lei. "Measuring Microscopic Properties of a Single-Crystalline Diamond by Nano-Indentation Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.378.

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Nano-indentation technology was brought to study microscopic mechanical properties of a single-crystalline diamond (SCD). Nano-indentation measurement was conducted on the {100} plane of SCD, and influences of various factors on measured results were analyzed, from which methods were confirmed to improve veracity of measurement. Properties of the indenter were checked with a fused silica sample both before and after indentation on diamond, which provided guarantee to veracity of results on diamond. It was found that tilt of diamond surface had so great influence that it could damage the indenter, and make the indentation curves anomalous. While damage of indenter could be avoided and valid measurement results could be obtained when tilt of diamondsurface was decreased below 0.10º and the maximal indentation force was less than 10 mN. Deformation of the diamond was almost full-elastic during indentation process. Indentation hardness of {100} plane of the SCD was about 70 GPa with standard deviation less than 3 GPa. And there had good reproducibility between two groups of measurements.

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31

BURSILL, L. A., ANNA L. FULLERTON, and LAURE N. BOURGEOIS. "SIZE AND SURFACE STRUCTURE OF DIAMOND NANO-CRYSTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 31 (December 20, 2001): 4087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007889.

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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron nano-diffraction patterns provide useful information concerning the size distribution and surface condition of nano-crystalline diamond powder produced by shock detonation. Analysis of X-ray powder diffractometer data, using the Debye equation to predict the powder profile, starting with a set of spherical diamond ball models, allows the mean size to be obtained for bulk quantities of the same powders. The electron powder diffraction patterns for some diamond spheres, and also spherical shell, models of the surface structures were calculated using the Debye equation, and compared with experiment. It is suggested that the surface structure may become accessible to diffraction methods, if a single nano-crystal is irradiated and both the single crystal pattern plus the diffuse scattering are recorded, as a function of the orientation of that single crystal.

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32

Rossi, M., M. L. Terranova, S. Piccirillo, V. Sessa, and D. Manno. "Meso- and nano-scale investigation of carbon fibers coated by nano-crystalline diamond." Chemical Physics Letters 402, no. 4-6 (February 2005): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.12.052.

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33

Lei, Xue Lin, Liang Wang, Bin Shen, Fang Hong Sun, and Ming Chen. "Effect of Grain Size of CVD Diamond Film on Cutting Performance of Diamond Coated Micro Drills." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.407.

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In this study, micro- crystalline diamond(MCD), fine grade diamond(FGD) and nano- crystalline diamond(NCD) thin films are successfully coated on WC-Co micro drills(φ=400µm) adopting hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. The microstructure and cutting performance of micro drills for applying to drill electrical discharge machining(EDM) graphite coated with MCD, FGD and NCD films are systematically investigated by means of field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. After drilling of 1500 holes, wear behavior of these micro drills is analyzed by FESEM and NCD coated micro drills exhibit minimum flank wear compared with the other samples due to the relatively good wear resistance and friction properties of NCD films.

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34

Bhusari, D. M., J. R. Yang, T. Y. Wang, S. T. Lin, K. H. Chen, and L. C. Chen. "Highly transparent nano-crystalline diamond films grown by microwave CVD." Solid State Communications 107, no. 6 (June 1998): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(98)00226-9.

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35

Wang, S. G., Qing Zhang, S. F. Yoon, J. Ahn, Q. Wang, D. J. Yang, Q. Zhou, and N. L. Yue. "Optical properties of nano-crystalline diamond films deposited by MPECVD." Optical Materials 24, no. 3 (December 2003): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-3467(03)00038-7.

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36

Mendoza, Frank, Vladimir Makarov, Arturo Hidalgo, Brad Weiner, and Gerardo Morell. "Ultraviolet photosensitivity of sulfur-doped micro- and nano-crystalline diamond." Journal of Applied Physics 109, no. 11 (June 2011): 114904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3590153.

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37

Pengqing, Yan, Lu Wenzhuang, Yang Bin, Pan Hanfei, Liu Sen, and Feng Wei. "Multilayer nano/micro crystalline diamond coating on boronizing cemented carbide." Integrated Ferroelectrics 171, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2016.1174917.

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38

Cuenca, Jerome A., Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Paulius Pobedinskas, Kalpataru Panda, I.-Nan Lin, Adrian Porch, Ken Haenen, and Oliver A. Williams. "Microwave cavity perturbation of nitrogen doped nano-crystalline diamond films." Carbon 145 (April 2019): 740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.025.

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39

Cajzl, Jakub, Banu Akhetova, Pavla Nekvindová, Anna Macková, Petr Malinský, Jiří Oswald, Zdeněk Remeš, Marián Varga, and Alexander Kromka. "Co-implantation of Er and Yb ions into single-crystalline and nano-crystalline diamond." Surface and Interface Analysis 50, no. 11 (March 2, 2018): 1218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.6407.

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Liwei, Xiong, Wang Jianhua, Man Weidong, Weng Jun, and Liu Changlin. "Preparation of Nano-Crystalline Diamond Films on Poly-Crystalline Diamond Thick Films by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition." Plasma Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (June 2010): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/12/3/13.

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41

Xiang, Bing Kun, Dun Wen Zuo, Xiang Feng Li, Feng Xu, and M. Wang. "Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films Deposited By Using DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.30.

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Abstract:

Boron-doped micro-nanocrystalline diamond coating may be successfully prepared on Mo substrate with DC arc plasmas jet deposition device. Along with the increase of doped-boron concentration in the film, two-point resistance measurement indicates that film resistance presents exponential decrease; Raman spectrum test shows that, the characteristic peak value of diamond 1332cm-1 in the spectrum moves toward low frequency, the semi-height width of diamond peak, peak D and peak G, etc. in the spectrum is expanded, and the component of non-diamond bonds such as sp2, etc. in the film is increased; SEM and AFM observation shows that, increasing the doped-boron concentration could further subdivide the crystal grains in the film, and is beneficial for the growth of nano- or ultra-nano-crystalline diamond film; film annealing test shows that, micro-nanocrystalline diamond film with higher doped-boron concentration has better thermal stability than the micro-nanocrystalline diamond film without doped boron.

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PENG, J. L., J. O. ORWA, B. JIANG, S. PRAWER, and L. A. BURSILL. "NANO-CRYSTALS OF c-DIAMOND, n-DIAMOND AND i-CARBON GROWN IN CARBON-ION IMPLANTED FUSED QUARTZ." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 23 (September 20, 2001): 3107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007208.

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Abstract:

Combined high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy are used to characterise carbon nano-phases found embedded in fused quartz. These appear after implantation of 1 MeV carbon ions, followed by annealing in argon, oxygen and forming gas for 1 hour at 1100°C. For Ar, virtually all of the carbon diffuses out of the substrate with no observable carbon clusters for all doses studied. After annealing in oxygen, a crystalline CO x phase is identified at the end of range, following a dose of 5×1017 C/cm 2. Three nano-crystalline carbon phases, including diamond, appear after annealing in forming gas: these form a layer 170 nm beneath the fused quartz surface for all ion doses. The average size of these clusters and the corresponding phases depend on the ion dose; the smallest size of 5–7 nm diameter crystallise as fcc [Formula: see text] diamond following a dose of 0.5× 1017 C/cm 2, whereas clusters of 8–13 nm diameter, for a higher dose of 2× 1017 C/cm 2, have a [Formula: see text] modified phase of diamond known as n-diamond. The largest clusters, diameter 15–40 nm, for a dose of 5× 1017 C/cm 2, have the cubic P2 13 (or P4 232) structure known as i-carbon. These buried layered diamond and diamond-related materials may have applications for field emission and optical waveguide type devices.

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Lu, Yunxiang, Weidong Man, Bo Wang, Andreas Rosenkranz, Mingyang Yang, Ke Yang, Jian Yi, Hui Song, He Li, and Nan Jiang. "(100) oriented diamond film prepared on amorphous carbon buffer layer containing nano-crystalline diamond grains." Surface and Coatings Technology 385 (March 2020): 125368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125368.

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Nitti, M. A., M. Colasuonno, E. Nappi, A. Valentini, E. Fanizza, F. Bénédic, G. Cicala, E. Milani, and G. Prestopino. "Performance analysis of poly-, nano- and single-crystalline diamond-based photocathodes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 595, no. 1 (September 2008): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.062.

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WANG, Lin-jun, Li-wen JIANG, Ling REN, Jian-min LIU, Qing-feng SU, Run XU, Hong-yan PENG, Wei-min SHI, and Yi-ben XIA. "Ellipsometric analysis and optical absorption characterization of nano-crystalline diamond film." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 16 (June 2006): s289—s292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(06)60193-3.

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Kloss, F. R., L. A. Francis, H. Sternschulte, F. Klauser, R. Gassner, M. Rasse, E. Bertel, T. Lechleitner, and D. Steinmüller-Nethl. "Commercial developments of nano-crystalline diamond — Two prototypes as case studies." Diamond and Related Materials 17, no. 7-10 (July 2008): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2007.12.061.

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Pietzka, C., A. Denisenko, M. Dipalo, and E. Kohn. "Nano-crystalline diamond electrodes with cap layer decorated by gold particles." Diamond and Related Materials 19, no. 1 (January 2010): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2009.11.002.

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Thoka, R. W., S. J. Moloi, Sekhar C. Ray, W. F. Pong, and I. N. Lin. "Microstructure and electronic properties of ultra-nano-crystalline-diamond thin films." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 242 (July 2020): 146968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2020.146968.

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Kato, Hiromitsu, Daisuke Takeuchi, Masahiko Ogura, Takatoshi Yamada, Mitsuhiro Kataoka, Yuji Kimura, Susumu Sobue, Christoph E. Nebel, and Satoshi Yamasaki. "Heavily phosphorus-doped nano-crystalline diamond electrode for thermionic emission application." Diamond and Related Materials 63 (March 2016): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2015.08.002.

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Wang, Xinchang, Jianguo Zhang, Bin Shen, Tao Zhang, and Fanghong Sun. "Fracture and solid particle erosion of micro-crystalline, nano-crystalline and boron-doped diamond films." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 45 (July 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.02.005.

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