Journal articles on the topic 'Namibia. National Planning Commission'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Namibia. National Planning Commission.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Namibia. National Planning Commission.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Khan, Habib Ullah, and Fillemon Johannes. "Alignment of IT/IS in business strategies and conceptual knowledge of employees: a case study of national planning commission of Namibia." International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise 5, no. 3 (2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijie.2018.093419.
Full text
2
Johannes, Fillemon, and Habib Ullah Khan. "Alignment of IT/IS in business strategies and conceptual knowledge of employees: a case study of national planning commission of Namibia." International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise 5, no. 3 (2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijie.2018.10013610.
Full text
3
Dalal-Clayton, D. B., and P. Tarr. "Using rapid SEA to influence national planning in Namibia." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 33, no. 4 (August 14, 2015): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2015.1063921.
Full text
4
McBride, Deborah L. "Children and Disaster Planning: National Commission Findings." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 26, no. 6 (December 2011): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2011.05.002.
Full text
5
Warikandwa, Tapiwa Victor, and Lineekela Usebiu. "A proposal for international arbitration law in Namibia based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration." De Jure 55, no. 1 (August 14, 2023): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2023/v56a18.
Full textAbstract:
International business arbitration is not covered by Namibia's present arbitration law, the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965 (the Act). There is no explicit language in the Act that addresses foreign arbitration as the Act, solely by default, covers national or domestic arbitration. When it comes to international arbitration, the Act has many flaws. Modern commercial arbitrations are increasingly being guided by the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (MLICA) of UNCITRAL (the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) or by state legislation that has been influenced by it. It is undeniable that Namibia must embrace MLICA, including the majority of the 2006 revisions of the MLICA, in order to participate in the global economic village. Furthermore, Namibia has not yet ratified the 1958-adopted New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (CREFAA), which has been hailed as the most effective treaty governing global trade. This article suggests that Namibia should implement both the MLICA and the CREFAA. If this strategy is not adopted, businesses in Namibia will be hesitant to engage in international business transactions due to the lack of legal certainty that the New York Convention and contemporary domestic arbitration legislation bring.
6
Green, Reginald Herbold. "Structural Adjustment and National Environmental Strategies: What Interactions? Notes from Namibia." IDS Bulletin 22, no. 4 (October 1991): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1991.mp22004007.x.
Full text
7
Humavindu, Michael N. "Estimating national economic parameters for Namibia using the shadow pricing approach." Development Southern Africa 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2013.801193.
Full text
8
Baker, Deane-Peter. "Securing South Africa: a guide for the National Planning Commission." African Security Review 19, no. 4 (December 2010): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2010.539815.
Full text
9
Ganzin, Nicolas, Marina Coetzee, Axel Rothauge, and Jean-Marie Fotsing. "Rangeland Resources Assessment with Satellite Imagery: An Operational Tool for National Planning in Namibia." Geocarto International 20, no. 3 (September 2005): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040508542353.
Full text
10
Durham, Deborah. "Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia (review)." Africa Today 51, no. 1 (2004): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2004.0062.
Full text
11
PICTON, ROGER M. "Selling national urban renewal: the National Film Board, the National Capital Commission and post-war planning in Ottawa, Canada." Urban History 37, no. 2 (July 6, 2010): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926810000374.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT:Using film and archival evidence, this article focuses on post-war urban redevelopment in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. During this period, two federal institutions, the National Capital Commission and the National Film Board, worked in tandem to disseminate the promise of post-war urban renewal. Film and planning techniques perfected during World War II would be used to sell national urban renewal to Canadians. Rooted in centralized planning, steeped in militarist rhetoric and embedded in authoritarian tendencies, federal plans for a new modern capital had tragic implications for the marginalized and dislocated residents of the inner-city neighbourhood of LeBreton Flats.
12
Tapscott, Chris. "National reconciliation, social equity and class formation in independent Namibia." Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1993): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079308708345.
Full text
13
Baker, Deane-Peter. "South Africa's threat environment: a guide for the National Planning Commission." African Security Review 19, no. 3 (September 2010): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2010.519878.
Full text
14
Heyns, Piet. "Water institutional reforms in Namibia." Water Policy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0006.
Full textAbstract:
After years of colonial rule and a long struggle to end external administration, Namibia became independent in 1990. The realization of political reform within a modern democratic framework has called for wide-ranging reforms in all sectors of the economy to which the water sector is not an exception. Institutional reforms in the water sector were undertaken with an overall aim of introducing integrated water resources management as a durable solution to the water challenges of the arid environment prevailing in Namibia. The reforms included the development of a new national water policy, the preparation of draft legislation, and new organizational changes to develop, manage and regulate activities in the water sector. Although institutional reforms in the water sector are necessary to meet the demands of a new nation, they cannot succeed without the required level of skill and capacity both within and outside water administration. While it is relatively easier to formulate new policies, promulgate legislation and create new organizations, it is very difficult for an emerging country to develop quickly the human capacity necessary to handle the reforms, especially when inadequate funding constraints create a conflict between resource development and capacity building.
15
Prasad, Uma Shankar. "Nepal's Fiscal Federalism Model in the New Constitution: Agenda for Amendments." NRB Economic Review 27, no. 2 (November 24, 2015): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v27i2.52563.
Full textAbstract:
The first Constituent Assembly (CA) was dissolved without producing the constitution. The Constitution of Nepal as Federal Democratic Republic was promulgated on September 20, 2015 by the second CA. The primary objective of this study is to review the modality presented in the new constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation and recommend some amendments. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends: VAT and income taxes will have to be collected concurrently at both the central and sub-national levels. Other taxes including excise duties will have to be collected by the sub-national governments which will support the expenditure responsibilities of the sub-national governments adequately in federal Nepal. Intergovernmental transfer modality has to be included in the constitution. A Federal Finance Commission (FFC) and the National Planning Commission will have to be constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans. A State Planning Commission (SPC) and a State Finance Commission can be established in each state to prepare state development plans and to deal with the transfers to be made to local bodies.
16
Bauer, Gretchen. "‘The Hand That Stirs the Pot Can Also Run the Country’: electing women to parliament in Namibia." Journal of Modern African Studies 42, no. 4 (November 3, 2004): 479–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000370.
Full textAbstract:
In early 2004, 29% of Namibian Members of Parliament were women, putting Namibia fourth in continental Africa and seventeenth worldwide in terms of women's representation in a national legislature. This article sets out to determine how such a high percentage of women has been elected to the National Assembly in Namibia since independence. It suggests that electoral gains have been achieved through a combination of factors: the use of a closed list proportional representation electoral system and voluntary quotas on the part of political parties at the national level, sustained pressure over the past three to five years from a nascent women's movement influenced by the global women's movement, and the active participation of women inside and outside the country in a protracted and violent struggle for independence that was only attained in 1990. The first two factors confirm past experience and accumulated knowledge on the significance of choice of electoral system and use of quotas, and the importance of women's organisations to elected women's legislative agendas and success. The last factor deviates from experience, and from a literature that suggests that women's active participation in political struggles has not always translated into tangible gains for women.
17
Tahir, Pervez, and Nadia Tahir. "Planning and Economic Coordination Challenges after the 18th Constitutional Amendment." Journal of Development Policy, Research & Practice (JoDPRP) 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59926/jodprp.vol06/01.
Full textAbstract:
The 18th Amendment has significantly changed the Constitution of Pakistan. It has increased the number of subjects in the provincial sphere. This expanded autonomy was fiscally supported by the 7th National Finance Commission (NFC) Award, which reversed the federal-provincial resource distribution formula in favour of the provinces. In this paper, the authors find that the new structure of planning and economic coordination required to implement these fundamental changes is not in place. The Planning Commission (PC), i.e., Ministry of Planning Development & Special Initiatives, continues to be a think tank of the federal government rather than the federation. Its visioning for the long-term and planning documents for the medium-term on an annual basis are found to be against the spirit of the amended Constitution, which stipulates a participatory process. The authors’ analysis leads to the conclusion that the Commission should be an independent secretariat of the Council of Common Interests (CCI) to ensure effective coordination. Towards this end, members of the Commission should also represent the provinces. Devolution to the local level, however, will continue to be a challenge.
18
Cornette, JD, Emily Cathryn, and Angelique Pui-Ka So, JD. "Children and disaster planning: The National Commission on Children and Disasters’ findings and recommendations." Journal of Emergency Management 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2011.0049.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the National Commission on Children and Disaster’s 2010 Report regarding disaster planning for children. This article recommends measures to ensure best practices in planning for children in disasters. It also highlights the unique needs of children and sheds light on the differences between planning for children and planning for other at-risk populations.
19
Awasthi, Lava Deo. "Importation of Ideologies from Macaulay Minutes to Wood Commission." Journal of Education and Research 1 (April 16, 2013): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v1i0.7948.
Full textAbstract:
In this article I examine Nepal’s language policy with particular reference to Nepal National Education Planning Commission (NNEPC known as Wood Commission) Report of 1956. In this essay I analyze how the Wood Commission Report was employed as a means of importing values introduced by the British India’s Macaulay Minutes of 1835. I explore how the post independence Education Commission had an overarching effect on the educational language policy discourse in the country. I investigate the effects of the NNEPC language policy on the educational practices in Nepal. First, I consider how the independent Nepal responded to the aspirations of the people for change in its educational language planning and policy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v1i0.7948 Journal of Education and Research 2008, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 21-30
20
Namakula, Catherine S. "Reparations without reparation: A critique of the Germany–Namibia Accord on colonial genocide." African Yearbook on International Humanitarian Law 2021 (2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ayih/2021/a2.
Full textAbstract:
Reparation is meant for effect: to make amends. The offer of EUR 1,100 million by the Federal Republic of Germany to the Republic of Namibia, in an agreement of June 2021, for the genocide committed during the colonial-era occupation encourages debate about the categorisation and effect of the payment in the fields of human rights and international criminal justice. The genocide was characterised by the loss of the lives of thousands of people among the Nama and Herero of Namibia between 1904 and 1908. In a pioneering analysis, this article reiterates the principles of reparation in international criminal jurisprudence as a yardstick for this significant gesture of remorse. Reparations must meet both procedural and substantive requirements: they must be proportional, appropriate, prompt and adequate, and they must culminate from a process that ensures the meaningful participation of victims and judicious regard for all relevant factors and circumstances. Reparations for the sake of it, without the remedial effect, make a mockery of justice. An agreement for development aid, however generous, cannot meet the standards of reparation for gross human rights violations. It does not oust the jurisdiction of a competent court on the matter and the pre-emptive clause intended to make the financial component in the Germany–Namibia Accord conclusive is unenforceable. This significant discourse must be guided by clearly set standards to avoid replicating the power dynamics which characterised the commission of the crimes that are intended to be addressed. Furthermore, the distinct treatment of victims on the basis of race and colonial history is repugnant and not defensible. A formidable institutional framework is needed for reparations for the trans-Atlantic trade and trafficking in enslaved Africans and colonial crimes, comprising a United Nations independent mechanism and a specialised committee of the African Union, supported by national committees of the respective countries.
21
Coger, Dalvan M. "National Law and International Human Rights Law: Cases of Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe (review)." Africa Today 49, no. 2 (2002): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2003.0003.
Full text
22
KUCHTA, Dorota. "RESEARCH PROJECT PLANNING METHODS." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 162, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3282.
Full textAbstract:
Classic project planning methods are summed up. It is shown that they are not suited for research projects and it is justified that a research project should be planned in a different way from the other ones. A review of methods from the literature is conducted – of the methods dedicated to research projects, but also of the methods dedicated to other types of projects biased by a high uncertainty and changeability degree. It is indicated how the latter might be applied to research projects. Further research directions are shown, which will allow one to work out planning methods for research projects adapted to their specificity. Attention is drawn to the fact that various types of research projects exist, while each type may potentially require a different planning method. The requirements set to research project plans by such institutions as the European Commission, the National Centre of Research and Development and the National Centre of Science are mentioned, and it is pointed out that these requirements should be changed in order to optimise the expenditure of financial resources earmarked for research.
23
Hillis, Ken. "A History of Commissions." Articles 21, no. 1 (November 6, 2013): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019246ar.
Full textAbstract:
Early planning in Ottawa takes the form of a piece-meal architectural admixture. On paper there remains a series of largely unrealized proposals designed to promote an image symbolic of national identity. Successive federal and municipal agencies worked to various degrees of success to augment Ottawa's appearance and amenity. British planner Thomas Adams' departure from, and the subsequent demise of the Federal Commission of Conservation in the early 1920's marked a low point in efforts to evolve comprehensive planning strategies. The career of Noulan Cauchon, first head of the Ottawa Town Planning Commission, aimed to keep the notion of planning alive in the city. Certain of his little-acknowledged proposals bear remarkable similarity to the pre-W.W. II planning efforts of MacKenzie King and Jacques Greber. Cauchon's legacy endures in proposals which appear to have been incorporated into federal planning activities during the post-war era.
24
Carver, Rosanna. "Lessons for blue degrowth from Namibia’s emerging blue economy." Sustainability Science 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00754-0.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGlobally there has been recognition that there is little consensus attributed to the definition of the blue economy. However, despite this acknowledgement, the blue economy is championed for its development potential by the African Union and subsequently, several African states. Having formalised the agenda in its fifth National Development Plan Namibia is working to implement a governance and management framework to “sustainably maximise benefits from marine resources” by 2020 (Republic of Namibia in Namibia’s 5th National Development Plan (NDP5) 2017). Concurrently, new entrants, such as marine mineral mining projects, have emerged in recognition of the potential offered within the state’s Exclusive Economic Zone. This article argues that the uptake of the blue economy is shaped by multiple, and often conflicting, interests. The emergence of the agenda is not apolitical, nor has it been established in isolation from exogenous actors and interests. Subsequently, this article suggests that the critique of the emerging blue economy should be applied to discussions of a blue degrowth movement, to avoid transposing a new agenda over another. As demonstrated with reference to Namibia, contextual and historical issues need to be recognised by degrowth discussions, and their inherent and continued structural effects analysed. This is of particular importance when considering whose voices are represented or excluded by such agendas, complicated by the (geo)physical characteristics of the marine sphere.
25
Shah, R. K. "Fiscal Federalism Model in Nepal: An Analytical Study." Tribhuvan University Journal 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v30i2.25559.
Full textAbstract:
The Constitution of Nepal as Federal Democratic Republic was promulgated on September 20, 2015 by the second CA. The primary objective of this study is to review the modality presented in the new constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends that VAT and income taxes will have to be collected concurrently at both the central and sub-national levels. Other taxes including excise duties will have to be collected by the sub-national governments which will support the expenditure responsibilities of the sub national governments adequately in federal Nepal. Intergovernmental transfer modality has to be included in the constitution. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (NNRFC) have been constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans. A State Planning Commission (SPC) and a State Fiscal Commission (SFC) can be established in each state to prepare state development plans and to deal with the transfers to be made to local bodies.
26
Kumar, Dr Sanjeev. "Unfinished Discourse Of ‘Backwardness’ In Independent India." Migration Letters 20, S5 (August 23, 2023): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20is5.8377.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the Second Backward Commission (Mandal Commission) and its impact on the discourse of backwardness in India. It provides an overview of the formation and function of the Mandal Commission of India. It was established to address the issue of ‘socially and educationally backward classes’ in country in the late 1980s. The Commission identified backwardness based on eleven social, educational and economic indicators and recommended the formation of a third category of groups eligible for reservations called ‘Other Backward Classes’ (OBCs). The article also highlights the controversy and implementation of the Commission's recommendations between 1990 and 2006. Additionally, it discusses the role of political parties of India and other stakeholders in the debates surrounding reservation policies.
(F. No. 02/151/2016-17/RP_ICSSR Research 2016). “The excerpts and findings of this article are sourced from the ICSSR-sponsored national research project titled “Status of Reservation Policy: A Study of Higher Educational Institutions in Bihar.” (1)
27
Leinhos, Mary. "The US National Bioethics Advisory Commission as a boundary organization." Science and Public Policy 32, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154305781779308.
Full text
28
Kjaeret, Kristin, and Kristian Stokke. "Rehoboth Baster, Namibian or Namibian Baster? An analysis of national discourses in Rehoboth, Namibia*." Nations and Nationalism 9, no. 4 (October 2003): 579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8219.00128.
Full text
29
Butt, Simon, and Fritz Siregar. "Multilayered Oversight: Electoral Administration in Indonesia." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 16, S1 (December 2021): S121—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2021.32.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractElectoral administration in Indonesia is complex. The Electoral Commission (Komisi Pemilihan Umum) is responsible for planning and running five-yearly elections for one national and two regional legislatures, and one additional national regional representative body, as well as direct presidential, gubernatorial, mayoral and regent elections. Because candidates and parties often have significant financial stakes in their outcome, these elections are hotly contested and the results quite commonly disputed, including in Indonesia's Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi). Electoral contestants often point to mistakes in administration and vote counting, which appear to be natural consequences of the great logistical challenges these elections present. For example, on 17 April, 2019, well over 150 million citizens attended one of over 800,000 polling stations to vote for candidates to fill 19,817 legislative seats in national and subnational parliaments. Many of these elections are said to be marred by attempts by candidates and their parties to gain illegal advantage, whether through misuse of incumbency or vote buying. There is also said to be much potential for corruption amongst electoral administrators themselves in registering candidates, verifying parties, procuring equipment for polling stations, and counting and tallying votes on election day. Given the potential of mistakes and illegality to jeopardise the legitimacy of election results, lawmakers in Indonesia have created multi-layered oversight mechanisms to oversee the planning and running of the elections by the Electoral Commission, as well as to oversee the Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu, Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum) itself, which is charged with supervising that Commission. This article examines the work and performance of these institutions, and the Electoral Administration Honour Council (DKPP, or Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu), which hears allegations of breaches by the Commission and the Board.
30
Trigg, Joshua, Melanie Taylor, Jacqueline Mills, and Ben Pearson. "Examining national planning principles for animals in Australian disaster response." July 2021 10.47389/36, no. 36.3 (July 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/36.3.49.
Full textAbstract:
Australia’s summer bushfires of 2019–20 were a reminder that animals are increasingly exposed to risks from changing climate conditions. In Australia, differing organisational approaches to managing owned animals in disasters can lead to different welfare and safety outcomes for animals and the people responsible for them. The need for consistency was reinforced by recent Australian royal commission findings. In 2014, the Australia-New Zealand Emergency Management Committee endorsed the National Planning Principles for Animals in Disasters, a tool supporting best practice in emergency planning and policy for animal welfare. This study examines current planning for animals in disasters in relation to the principles and describes their implementation in the Australian context. A national survey of organisation representatives with a stake in animal management in disasters (n=137) and addressing the national principles implementation was conducted from July to October 2020. Findings show moderate awareness of the principles by respondents and low to moderate implementation of these in planning processes and arrangements for animal welfare. Implementation of specific principles is described from the perspectives of stakeholders. Greater awareness of the national principles and attention to specific principles promotes consistency in animal welfare planning arrangements.
31
Anderson, Ian, Harriet Young, Milica Markovic, and Lenore Manderson. "Koori Primary Health Care in Victoria: Developments in Service Planning." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00031.
Full textAbstract:
The Alma Ata 1978 Declaration on primary health care has conventionally been applied in developing countries, where medically trained personnel and other highly skilled health professionals and medical infrastructure are limited. Although such concepts have salience in relatively resource rich countries such as Australia, it is in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health policy that they have become pivotal. A growing national focus on the development of Aboriginal primary health care capacity followed the release of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy (NAHS) in 1989 (Anderson, 1997). This focus consolidated further, following the evaluation of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy implementation in 1994 which preceded the transfer of administrative responsibility for the Commonwealth Aboriginal health program from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) to the Commonwealth Health portfolio (DHFS, 1994). Within the strategic framework provided by federal state agreements, the development of primary health care services is a priority. In the current national policy framework domains of policy and strategy development have been identified as key developmental themes.
32
Hipondoka, Martin H. T., Detlef Bursche, and Jürgen Kempf. "Source of lunette dune sediments: a geomorphic terrain analysis approach in Etosha National Park, Namibia." Erdkunde 58, no. 3 (2004): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2004.03.02.
Full text
33
Haq, Israrul. "Gaps 1n the Employment Strategy of the National Manpower Commission: An Alternative Strategy." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 1213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1213-1223.
Full textAbstract:
The National Manpower Commission (1987-89) in order to meet the unemployment situation envisages generation of an additional l.25 Million work opportunities annually. It envisages an employment target within the macroeconomic framework of a growth rate in GNP at around 8 percent annually. The NMC recommendations were cast within the following parameters. General StrategylParameters (a) Labour force is growing at more than 3 percent annually (the NMC puts it at 3.3 percent) alternatively more than one and a quarter million new people would be entering the labour market every year during 1990s. (b) An annual real G.N.P growth rate of about 8 percent on the present sectoral pattern would be just about sufficient to meet the employment target. (c) The direct employment creating policies can serve to top up the contribution of overall economic growth and cannot be a substitute for it. (d) As a medium term objective-an increase in the capital formation in the economy from 18-19 to 23-24 percent would be necessary. (e) The Commission believes that structural adjustment toward market resource allocation is compatible with high employment policy. (1) Agriculture should no longer be a passive absorber of the rural labourmajor responsibility for labour absorption must shift to sectors other than agriculture. (g) The. small-scale sector must be recognised as the leading sector for employment generation-this recognition must be duly reflected in credit policies and marketing facilities. However, the employment promotion potentials of large industrial enterprises must also be fully realised. Towards this end, it has identified following seven industries: (i) Engineering; (ii) electronics; (iii) textile specially ready made garments;
34
Lemarchand, René. "The Report of the National Commission to Study the Question of National Unity in Burundi: a Critical Comment." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020516.
Full textAbstract:
In May 1989 the National Commission for the Study of National Unity appointed by President Pierre Buyoya issued its eagerly awaited report, ostensibly designed to find a lasting solution to the bloody confrontations that have repeatedly pitted Hutu against Tutsi. For the first time in the history of independent Burundi an official statement has been made public which explicitly recognises the centrality of the Hutu-Tutsi problem, and sets forth specific solutions to resolve it. As such this is a document of historic significance, and the sum of its recommendations must be seen as an important breakthrough towards national reconciliation.
35
Rossi-Maccanico, Pierpaolo. "Forum: AG Kokott Tries to Bring Clarity to the Selectivity Test for Individual Tax Rulings." EC Tax Review 32, Issue 4 (July 1, 2023): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2023023.
Full textAbstract:
In an opinion of 4 May 2023 in Case C-454/21 P, Engie, Advocate General Kokott proposes a new standard of state aid review of individual tax measures such as the tax rulings, based on a manifestly erroneous application of tax law (favourable to the taxpayer) by the national tax administration. Considering that, in order to assess the selective nature of tax rulings, only national law must constitute the frame of reference and that in any event, only tax rulings that are manifestly erroneous with regard to national law can constitute a selective advantage, Advocate General Kokott has called on the Court to annul the Commission’s decision finding that Luxembourg granted the Engie group unlawful state aid in the form of tax advantages, as well as the judgment of the General Court. State aid control, direct taxation, notion of selective advantage, Commission practice, aggressive tax planning, individual tax rulings, tax system of reference, comparability, Union Courts review, annulment of Commission decision
36
Li, Li, and Peng Wang. "From Institutional Interaction to Institutional Integration: The National Supervisory Commission and China's New Anti-corruption Model." China Quarterly 240 (May 27, 2019): 967–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019000596.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHow does the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission affect China's capacity to curb corruption? Using published materials and fieldwork data, this article addresses this question by comparing the newly established anti-corruption agency with the previous dual-track system. It first examines the previous system by focusing on four dimensions of the interaction between the Commission for Discipline Inspection (CDI) and the People's Procuratorate: complementarity, convergence, competition and conflict. Although the CDI and the procuratorate compensated for each other's deficiencies, competition and conflicts between the two institutions were rife, reducing the efficiency of China's anti-corruption work. The article then investigates what impact the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission has had on China's capacity to combat corruption. This new model strengthens the Party's capacity to curb corruption, and the focus of the anti-corruption work has shifted from punishment to prevention, but the Party still needs to resolve three types of unbalanced power relations: between supervision, prosecution and trial; between central and local authorities; and between the state and citizens.
37
Sabir, Imran, and Abida Sharif. "Role of Education Planning in Promoting Social Sciences in Pakistan." International Journal of Innovation in Teaching and Learning (IJITL) 6, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35993/ijitl.v6i2.1112.
Full textAbstract:
Social Science disciplines have always been considered the second choice as compared to the hard sciences in the academic institutions of Pakistan. Does this apply to the national education policy as well, where the state intervention is catalytic in setting up the academic choices of the people? This study, by critically reviewing the national education policies and plans, endeavors to address this important question to understand the role of education planning in promoting/demoting social science academic disciplines in Pakistan. Education policy in Pakistan has been predominantly proposed through eight national five-year plans between 1955 and 1998, to primarily focus on increasing the national literacy rate, and promoting hard science education and vocational training. After the creation of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in 2002, the policy significantly shifted to Higher Education, yet to focus (natural/computer) science, and technology. Social science is at the periphery of the knowledge mission in Pakistan. The paper concludes that even the long-awaited recent quantitative growth of social science disciplines fails to produce significant impact on national education policy that almost unanimously seeks their economic worth, instead of their inherent social value.
Keywords: Education Policy, Social Sciences, Pakistan, Five-Year Plans, HEC
38
Woltersdorf, L., A. Jokisch, and T. Kluge. "Benefits of rainwater harvesting for gardening and implications for future policy in Namibia." Water Policy 16, no. 1 (October 14, 2013): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.061.
Full textAbstract:
Rainwater harvesting to irrigate small-scale gardens enhances food self-sufficiency to overcome rural poverty. So far rainwater harvesting is not encouraged by the Namibian National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy nor supported financially by the Namibian government. This study proposes two rainwater harvesting facilities to irrigate gardens; one collects rain from household roofs with tank storage, the second collects rain on a pond roof with pond storage. The aim of this paper is to assess the benefits of rainwater harvesting-based gardening and to propose policy and financing implications for the Namibian government. We investigate the benefits of rainwater harvesting through a literature review, a cost–benefit analysis, monitoring of project pilot plants and a comparison with the existing irrigation and drinking water infrastructure. The results indicate that rainwater harvesting offers numerous benefits in technological, economic, environmental and social terms. The facilities have a positive net present value under favourable circumstances. However, material investment costs pose a financing problem. We recommend that government fund the rainwater harvesting infrastructure and finance privately garden and operation and maintenance costs. Integrating these aspects into a national rainwater harvesting policy would create the conditions to achieve the benefits of an up-scale of rainwater harvesting based gardening in Namibia.
39
Rodrigues, Cristina Udelsmann. "Angola's southern border: entrepreneurship opportunities and the state in Cunene." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000339.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTSanta Clara, on Angola's southern border with Namibia, is now a very dynamic urban hub, both economically and socially. It stands out in the remote province of Cunene, recording greater growth in the last five years than the provincial capital, Ondjiva. Its recent transformation into a thriving trading centre was mostly due to massive migration and an intensification of trade between Angola and Namibia at the beginning of this century, although the region's history in the last hundred years is a very different one. While local traders and entrepreneurs have developed their own strategies within this context, national and local administrative structures of the recently pacified country are trying to regulate trading and settlement. These forces in action produce both more sustainable and organised urban growth and at the same time influence social and economic development in the region. The main boom seems to be over, due to relatively successful regulation, which makes the region less attractive to business activity. Traders and entrepreneurs operating locally now have to find new strategies and opportunities. This article, based on empirical research and combined surveys, conducts an analysis of these dynamics and contributes to an understanding of regulation impacts, the way in which local traders cope with them, and the strategies they have developed.
40
Hansen, R. J. "An Apple a Day, Helps Keep Cancer Away!" Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 187s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.51900.
Full textAbstract:
Amount raised: N$19,948,000/U$1,672,509 Background and context: The Cancer Association of Namibia presented the project “An apple a day can keep cancer away” to one of the local commercial banks close to 2 decades ago. The concept of “Eat Healthy. Live Healthy. Prevent Cancer” became a massive hit and in subsequent years the “Bank Windhoek Cancer Apple Project” has become a flagship fundraiser for the association. For 1 month of the year (usually June or July - winter in Namibia) we convert all Bank Windhoek branches nationwide into “apple stores” with bank employees, CAN volunteers and school learners marketing and selling apples to raise funds for CAN, raise awareness on cancer and support screening interventions to promote earlier detection to save lives. Aim: Create awareness and educate on cancer, support the Cancer Association of Namibia financially to fund the National Cancer Outreach Program and the 2 interim homes operated by the association. Strategy/Tactics: National endeavor - for 1 month a year, the entire commercial bank is “converted” into apple stores, selling apples! Program process: An executive planning committee between Bank Windhoek as facilitator and the Cancer Association of Namibia plan and coordinates the annual event, sourcing one million red apples (the bank´s official color) from the Western Cape apple farms. Numerous project partners support the program from transport, cold storage, package and delivery, to media and sales partners. An “Apple Roadshow” kicks off the marketing and PR of the annual event, and then for one month a year the bank staff, CAN volunteers and especially high school learners (as part of the school challenge) promote bulk orders, while loose apple sales are conducted in bank branches country-wide. Costs and returns: All project partners offer their “time” and “manpower” as a donation in support of CAN through their CSI portfolio. Apples are sourced at a bulk reduced rate (± N$2, 50 each) and resold to the public at a N$5 donation per apple. What was learned: Logistics and supply chain management is a profession that must be highly respected! But, education, awareness and community collaboration makes one of the strongest support chains imaginable. Communicating “why” are we doing this, then taking the funds and “showing” what we the money goes (through the medical outreaches and sustaining the interim homes) speak to the heart of the nation. Transparency, accountability and inclusive community interaction is key when it comes to community driven fundraising.
41
Kumar, Raman. "The Autonomous Post Graduate Medical Education Board (PGMEB) of National Medical Commission (NMC): Minimum Standard of Requirements for Postgraduate Courses-2023 (PGMSR-2023) - Impact on Family Medicine/ Family Physician Vocational Training for Indian Medical Graduates." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 1 (January 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_99_24.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The National Medical Commission (NMC) of India has issued new guideline for post graduate medical courses in India on 15th January 2024. These Guidelines may be called the “Minimum Standard of Requirements for Postgraduate Courses-2023 (PGMSR-2023)”. These guidelines will come into force with immediate effect. Unfortunately, Family Medicine specialty has been entirely excluded from this document, despite clear mandate in the National Medical Commission Act 2019. Previously, the Undergraduate Medical Education Board of NMC did not include the Family Medicine as a mandatory department for training at MBBC Course. In the absence of a specific policy on medical education, a careful planning is required for number of post graduate residency positions across India depending upon population coverage and morbidity patterns. So, far during past three decades the increase in the number of post graduate residency posts/ seats have been random. There has been no clear-cut policy by the government or by the regulator itself. There appears to be no mapping for specialty need across geographical territories and population density in the background of the morbidity pattern. Under section 24(1)(c) of the National Medical Commission Act 2019 The Under-Graduate Medical Education Board shall perform the following functions, namely: — (c) develop competency-based dynamic curriculum for addressing the needs of primary health services, community medicine and family medicine to ensure healthcare in such areas, in accordance with the provisions of the regulations made under this Act; Under section 25. (1)(j) National Medical Commission Act 2019 The Post-Graduate Medical Education Board shall perform the following functions, namely: — (j) promote and facilitate postgraduate courses in family medicine. Under section 57. (1) The Commission may, after previous publication, by notification, make regulations consistent with this Act and the rules made thereunder to carry out the provisions of this Act. (2), and without prejudice to the generality of the preceding power, (p) the curriculum for primary medicine, community medicine, and family medicine under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 24. It is to be noted that Family Medicine is a community-based clinical discipline, all parameters for the graduate Family Medicine department, training, and faculty eligibility have been kept as per other hospitalist disciplines. It is the mandate of the Post Graduate Board of NMC to promote the PG program in Family Medicine. Suggestions articulated in this paper may be worthy of consideration of the esteemed members of National Medical Commission.
42
Truba, Vyacheslav I., Lyudmila M. Tokarchuk, and Stella Ye Morozova. "Family Law Trends in Ukraine." Global Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 1-2 (June 25, 2021): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-10010013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper provides the results of the analysis of the current state of legal regulation of family relations in Ukraine, and summarises the main problems of the legislation that establishes general principles of regulation of family relations. Particular attention is devoted to the research into the basic principles of family law, and how they are reflected in the Constitution of Ukraine and the Family Code of Ukraine. To assess the compliance of the Family Code of Ukraine with current societal developments, a careful comparison of its provisions with the principles developed by the Commission on European Family Law (cefl) is needed. The family legislation of Ukraine requires detailed monitoring, factoring in the provisions of a questionnaire developed by the Commission. There is a need to introduce a system of national planning, development and adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the concept of national legal policy.
43
Yee, David. "The Making of Mexico City’s Historic Center: National Patrimony in the Age of Urban Renewal." Journal of Planning History 19, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513219871045.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the origins of Mexico’s Federal District Planning Commission (1950–1953) and the consequences of its failure to implement a major urban renewal project in downtown Mexico City. In the 1950s, Mexico’s leading urbanists hoped to resolve the city’s severe traffic congestion through a new grid design and, in the process, transform it into a mecca for Mexican modernity. These efforts were thwarted by an independent coalition of residents and historic preservations in a movement that reflected the uneasy tensions between urban modernity and national patrimony in mid-century Mexico.
44
Araújo, Ana Beatriz Arantes. "A Comissão Nacional para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável." Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas e Internacionais - RPPI 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2525-5584.2019v4n2.46079.
Full textAbstract:
This work seeks to analyze the National Commission on the Sustainable Development Goals (CNODS, in Portuguese) from its constitution, structure and first delivers. Created in 2016, its installation and work began after the representatives took office in June 2017. It is presented as a collegiate, consultative organ, with parity between the government and civil society, to advance social participation. Among its competences lays the proposition of an action plan to implementations of the UN’s 2030 Agenda to Sustainable Development in Brazil. We seek to verify whether the commission complies to those aspects within its mandate during the first years of functioning. For that, we searched the Brazilian government’s official publications’ digital archive, from 2015 and 2017 and the documents available at the commission’s website. We highlight the decree that created it (Decreto nº 8.892/2016) and the 2017-2019 Action Plan. We concluded the commission is a weak governance instrument, with restricted and limited social participation and underrepresentation of subnational governments. It predisposes the prominence of the Federal Executive Secretariat and lacks the participation of important sectorial agencies inside the SDGs scope. During the period, its strategic planning stayed restricted to short-term planning.
45
Owusu, Maxwell. "Tradition and Transformation: Democracy and the Politics of Popular Power in Ghana." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 2 (June 1996): 307–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0005535x.
Full textAbstract:
In April 1992, after nearly 11 years of military rule in Ghana, a draft democratic constitution of the Fourth Republic was overwhelmingly approved in a national referendum.1 The ban on multi-party politics was lifted by the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) Government in the following month. An independent interim National Electoral Commission was established, and a hotly contested presidential election in 200 constituencies monitored by teams of international observers was held in November 1992. After multi-party parliamentary elections to the National Assembly, boycotted unfortunately by opposition groups, the democratically elected Government of Ghana's Fourth Republic was inaugurated in January 1993.2
46
Strohbach, Ben J., and Marianne M. Strohbach. "A first syntaxonomic description of the vegetation of the Karstveld in Namibia." Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (October 24, 2023): 1241–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.99045.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: The Karstveld in Namibia has been recognized as an area of high plant diversity. However, this area is also recognised as a hotspot of various forms of degradation including bush encroachment. Minimal baseline data on the composition and diversity of vegetation in this area is available, therefore this paper is a first attempt to rectify this data deficiency. Study area: The Karstveld in Namibia is formed around the Otavi Mountain Range in northern Central Namibia, consisting of strongly karstified carbonate bedrock, rising up to 2000 m a.s.l. The Karstveld includes the Ovambo Basin plains with shallow calcrete soils north of the range, up to the Omuramba Ovambo. Because of orographic effects, the area receives some of the highest rainfall in Namibia, with up to 600 mm per year. Methods: A set of 889 relevés with 868 species was selected from the GVID ID AF-NA-001 database. A partial data set, using trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and grasses only, was used for the classification with modified TWINSPAN. The initial result yielded four main groups, according to which the data was split and further classified. Several vegetation types observed during field surveys were not reflected in the classification results; these were refined using Cocktail with known characteristic species. Results: The four main units represented wetlands and grasslands with six associations, a Thornbush savanna – Karstveld transition zone with four associations, Kalahari vegetation with four associations and the Karstveld proper with eight associations. The latter are grouped together as the Terminalietea prunioides, with two orders and three alliances recognised under them. We describe 16 associations according to the ICPN. Conclusions: Although the associations presented in this paper are clearly defined, there exists a high degree of diversity within these. The Karstveld is also extraordinary species rich within the context of the arid to semi-arid Namibian environment. Taxonomic reference: Klaassen and Kwembeya (2013) for vascular plants, with the exception of the genus Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae), for which Kyalangalilwa et al. (2013) was followed. Abbreviations: ga = annual grass; gp = perennial grass; GPS = Global Positioning System, referring to a hand-held ground receiver; hl = herb layer, containing all hemicryptophytes, therophytes and geophytes, but excluding grasses (Poaceae); ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al. 2021); MAP = mean annual precipitation; NMS = nonmetric multidimensional scaling (Kruskal 1964); RDL = Red Data List (IUCN Species Survival Commission 2001); s1 = tall shrubs, i.e. multi-stemmed phanerophytes between 1 and 5 m; s2 = short shrubs, i.e. chamaephytes or ‘dwarf shrubs’ below 1 m; SOTER = Global and National Soils and Terrain Digital Database (FAO 1993); t1 = tall trees, > 10 m; t2 = short trees, between 5 and 10 m; t3 = low trees, i.e. single-stemmed phanerophytes between 2 and 5 m; TWINSPAN = Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (Roleček et al. 2009); WGS84 = World Geodetic System, 1984 ensemble.
47
Jellenz, Moritz, Vito Bobek, and Tatjana Horvat. "Impact of Education on Sustainable Economic Development in Emerging Markets—The Case of Namibia’s Tertiary Education System and its Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 8814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218814.
Full textAbstract:
The research’s fundamental investigation elaborates on interactions between tertiary educational factors and Namibia’s sustainable economic development. Sequential mixed-research-method guides the investigation towards its results: A quantitative statistical data analysis enables the selection of interrelated educational and economic factors and monitors its development within Namibia’s last three decades. Subsequent qualitative interviews accumulate respondents’ subjective assessments that enable answering the fundamental interaction. Globally evident connections between a nation’s tertiary education system and its economic development are partially confirmed within Namibia. The domestic government recognizes the importance of education that represents a driving force for its sustainable economic development. Along with governmental NDP’s (National Development Program) and its long-term Vision 2030, Namibia is on the right track in transforming itself into a Knowledge-Based and Sustainable Economy. This transformation process increases human capital, growing GDP, and enhances domestic’s living standards. Namibia’s multiculturalism and its unequal resource distribution provoke difficulties for certain ethnicities accessing educational institutions. Namibia’s tertiary education system’s other challenges are missing infrastructures, lacking curricula’ quality, and absent international expertise. The authors’ findings suggest that, due to Namibia’s late independence, there is a substantial need to catch up in creating a Namibian identity. Socioeconomic actions would enhance domestic’s self-esteem and would enable the development of sustainable economic sectors. Raising the Namibian tertiary education system’s educational quality and enhancing its access could lead to diversification of economic sectors, accelerating its internationalization process. Besides that, Namibia has to face numerous challenges, including corruption, unemployment, and multidimensional poverty, that interact with its tertiary education system.
48
Lines, Robin, Dimitrios Bormpoudakis, Panteleimon Xofis, and Joseph Tzanopoulos. "Modelling Multi-Species Connectivity at the Kafue-Zambezi Interface: Implications for Transboundary Carnivore Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 12886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212886.
Full textAbstract:
Linking wildlife areas with corridors facilitating species dispersal between core habitats is a key intervention to reduce the deleterious effects of population isolation. Large heterogeneous networks of areas managed for wildlife protection present site- and species-scale complexity underpinning the scope and performance of proposed corridors. In Southern Africa, the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area seeks to link Kafue National Park to a cluster of wildlife areas centered in Namibia and Botswana. To assess and identify potential linkages on the Zambian side, we generated a high-resolution land cover map and combined empirical occurrence data for Lions (Panthera leo), Leopards (Panthera pardus) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) to build habitat suitability maps. We then developed four connectivity models to map potential single and multi-species corridors between Kafue and the Zambezi River border with Namibia. Single and multi-species connectivity models selected corridors follow broadly similar pathways narrowing significantly in central-southern areas of the Kafue-Zambezi interface, indicating a potential connectivity bottleneck. Capturing the full extent of human disturbance and barriers to connectivity remains challenging, suggesting increased risk to corridor integrity than modelled here. Notwithstanding model limitations, these data provide important results for land use planners at the Kafue-Zambezi Interface, removing much speculations from existing connectivity narratives. Failure to control human disturbance and secure corridors will leave Kafue National Park, Zambia’s majority component in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, isolated.
49
Shalkowski, Joseph S. "Mon/Fayette Route 51 to Pittsburgh Transportation Project: A Success Story in Integrating Congestion Management System Analysis, Major Investment Study, and National Environmental Policy Act Processes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1617, no. 1 (January 1998): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1617-19.
Full textAbstract:
The 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act placed new emphasis on transportation planning. In response, FHWA and FTA issued Joint Statewide and Metropolitan Planning Regulations (23 C.F.R §450). These regulations call for two studies, the congestion management system (CMS) analysis and the major investment study (MIS), which must be completed to analyze the best use of the existing transportation network and to determine whether and what transportation investments are needed in a metropolitan area. The intent is to use these studies as input to the metropolitan planning organization’s long-range transportation plan. The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) and the Southwestern Pennsylvania Regional Planning Commission (SPRPC) cooperatively developed and implemented an effective approach to navigate the Mon/Fayette Route 51 to Pittsburgh transportation project through a collaborative process integrating the CMS analysis and MIS. This approach also met the requirements of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation’s (PennDOT’s) Preliminary Alternatives Analysis, one in a series of studies required under PennDOT’s National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) implementing guidelines. PTC’s goal to advance a preferred major investment alternative into the next phase of project development was accomplished when SPRPC endorsed the integrated CMS analysis/MIS and preliminary alternatives analysis report. Presented is a success story in the effort to integrate the metropolitan planning and NEPA processes at the project programming level. It is hoped that the planning and NEPA principles applied can serve as a model to advance other transportation projects.
50
Wuthnow, Joel. "China's New “Black Box”: Problems and Prospects for the Central National Security Commission." China Quarterly 232 (November 10, 2017): 886–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017001308.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractChina's establishment of a Central National Security Commission (CNSC) in late 2013 was a potentially transformative event in the evolution of China's national security decision-making structure. Yet, as of mid-2017, few details about this organization and its activities have been released, leading to continuing questions about its likely role and functions in the Chinese system. Based on an analysis of numerous authoritative but under-utilized Chinese sources, this article addresses the rationale, prospects and implications of the CNSC. It argues that the organization is both a fulfilment of a long-held desire by many in China for a centralized, permanent national security deliberation forum and also a reflection of the unique challenges facing China in the 21st century. Contrary to existing analyses, which argue that the CNSC is likely to be focused primarily on domestic security tasks, the article contends that it is more likely to play a major role in both internalandexternal security affairs. Moreover, the article argues that if certain obstacles can be addressed, the CNSC may have broad implications in areas ranging from China's crisis response capability to the role played by the Chinese Communist Party general secretary in the national security decision-making process. The conclusion recaps the findings and suggests avenues for further research.