Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project in Lao PDR

Academic literature on the topic 'Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project in Lao PDR'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project in Lao PDR"

1

Descloux, Stéphane, Pierre Guedant, Dousith Phommachanh, and Ruedi Luthi. "Main features of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project (Lao PDR) and the associated environmental monitoring programmes." Hydroécologie Appliquée 19 (October 30, 2014): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hydro/2014005.

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Erlanger, Tobias E., Somphou Sayasone, Gary R. Krieger, Surinder Kaul, Pany Sananikhom, Marcel Tanner, Peter Odermatt, and Jürg Utzinger. "Baseline health situation of communities affected by the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in central Lao PDR and indicators for monitoring." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 18, no. 3 (June 2008): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120701757815.

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Paisley, Richard, Riley Denoon, Theressa Etmanski, and Patrick Weiler. "Transboundary Waters, Infrastructure Development and Public Private Partnership." Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 2, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 1–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340008.

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AbstractGovernments increasingly look to the private sector for the financing, design, construction, and operation of infrastructure projects, and as a result, public-private partnerships (ppps) have emerged as a valuable source for investment funds and expertise. ppps involving new uses of transboundary waters require giving particular attention to the huge potential for environmental and social impacts. This monograph examines what ppps are and how they, and environmental and social ‘safeguards,’ function in a transboundary waters context and with each other. This examination is undertaken through the prism of the Nam Theun 2 and Xayaburi hydroelectric power projects in Lao pdr. This monograph discusses and draws some important lessons from these ppps contractual arrangements, costs, financing, and risk mitigation, for ppps to be contemplated in other transboundary waters contexts.
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4

Streicher, U. "The Wildlife Rescue Programme of the Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project (Lao PDR)." Hydroécologie Appliquée 19 (November 3, 2014): 407–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hydro/2014006.

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Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Frédéric Guérin, David Labat, Sylvie Pighini, Axay Vongkhamsao, Pierre Guédant, Wanidaporn Rode, et al. "Low methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions downstream of a monomictic subtropical hydroelectric reservoir (Nam Theun 2, Lao PDR)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 1919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1919-2016.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs could represent a significant fraction of global CH4 emissions from inland waters and wetlands. Although CH4 emissions downstream of hydroelectric reservoirs are known to be potentially significant, these emissions are poorly documented in recent studies. We report the first quantification of emissions downstream of a subtropical monomictic reservoir. The Nam Theun 2 Reservoir (NT2R), located in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, was flooded in 2008 and commissioned in April 2010. This reservoir is a trans-basin diversion reservoir which releases water into two downstream streams: the Nam Theun River below the dam and an artificial channel downstream of the powerhouse and a regulating pond that diverts the water from the Nam Theun watershed to the Xe Bangfai watershed. We quantified downstream emissions during the first 4 years after impoundment (2009–2012) on the basis of a high temporal (weekly to fortnightly) and spatial (23 stations) resolution of the monitoring of CH4 concentration. Before the commissioning of NT2R, downstream emissions were dominated by a very significant degassing at the dam site resulting from the occasional spillway discharge for controlling the water level in the reservoir. After the commissioning, downstream emissions were dominated by degassing which occurred mostly below the powerhouse. Overall, downstream emissions decreased from 10 GgCH4 yr−1 after the commissioning to 2 GgCH4 yr−1 4 years after impoundment. The downstream emissions contributed only 10 to 30 % of total CH4 emissions from the reservoir during the study. Most of the downstream emissions (80 %) occurred within 2–4 months during the transition between the warm dry season (WD) and the warm wet season (WW) when the CH4 concentration in hypolimnic water is maximum (up to 1000 µmol L−1) and downstream emissions are negligible for the rest of the year. Emissions downstream of NT2R are also lower than expected because of the design of the water intake. A significant fraction of the CH4 that should have been transferred and emitted downstream of the powerhouse is emitted at the reservoir surface because of the artificial turbulence generated around the water intake. The positive counterpart of this artificial mixing is that it allows O2 diffusion down to the bottom of the water column, enhancing aerobic methane oxidation, and it subsequently lowered downstream emissions by at least 40 %.
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Deshmukh, C., F. Guérin, S. Pighini, A. Vongkhamsao, P. Guédant, W. Rode, A. Godon, V. Chanudet, S. Descloux, and D. Serça. "Low methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions downstream of a monomictic subtropical hydroelectric reservoir (Nam Theun 2, Lao PDR)." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2015): 11313–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-11313-2015.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs could represent a significant fraction of global CH4 emissions from inland waters and wetlands. Although CH4 emissions downstream of hydroelectric reservoirs are known to be potentially significant, these emissions are poorly documented in recent studies. We report the first quantification of emissions downstream of a subtropical monomictic reservoir. The Nam Theun 2 Reservoir (NT2R), located in Lao People's Democratic Republic, was flooded in 2008 and commissioned in April 2010. This reservoir is a trans-basin diversion reservoir which releases water to two downstream streams: the Nam Theun River below the dam and an artificial channel downstream of the powerhouse and a regulating pond that diverts the water from the Nam Theun watershed to the Xe Bangfai watershed. We quantified downstream emissions during the first four years after impoundment (2009–2012) on the basis of a high temporal (weekly to fortnightly) and spatial (23 stations) resolution of the monitoring of CH4 concentration. Before the commissioning of NT2R, downstream emissions were dominated by a very significant degassing at the dam site resulting from the occasional spillway discharge for controlling the water level in the reservoir. After the commissioning, downstream emissions were dominated by degassing which occurred mostly below the powerhouse. Overall, downstream emissions decreased from 10 Gg CH4 y−1 after the commissioning to 2 Gg CH4 y−1 four years after impoundment. The downstream emissions contributed only 10 to 30 % of total CH4 emissions from the reservoir during the study. Most of the downstream emissions (80 %) occurred within 2–4 months during the transition between the warm dry season (WD) and the warm wet season (WW) when the CH4 concentration in hypolimnic water is maximum (up to 1000 μmol L−1) and downstream emissions are negligible for the rest of the year. Emissions downstream of NT2R are also lower than expected because of the design of the water intake. A significant fraction of the CH4 that should have been transferred and emitted downstream of the powerhouse is emitted at the reservoir surface because of the artificial turbulence generated around the water intake. The positive counterpart of this artificial mixing is that it allows O2 diffusion down to the bottom of the water column enhancing aerobic methane oxidation and it subsequently lowering downstream emissions by at least 40 %.
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7

Adon, Marcellin, Corinne Galy‐Lacaux, Dominique Serça, Pierre Guedant, Axay Vongkhamsao, Wanidaporn Rode, Yves Meyerfeld, and Frédéric Guérin. "First Assessment of Inorganic Nitrogen Deposition Budget Following the Impoundment of a Subtropical Hydroelectric Reservoir (Nam Theun 2, Lao PDR)." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 21 (November 8, 2018): 12,413–12,428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029027.

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8

Deshmukh, C., D. Serça, C. Delon, R. Tardif, M. Demarty, C. Jarnot, Y. Meyerfeld, et al. "Physical controls on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from a newly flooded subtropical freshwater hydroelectric reservoir: Nam Theun 2." Biogeosciences 11, no. 15 (August 13, 2014): 4251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4251-2014.

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Abstract. In the present study, we measured independently CH4 ebullition and diffusion in the footprint of an eddy covariance system (EC) measuring CH4 emissions in the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir, a recently impounded (2008) subtropical hydroelectric reservoir located in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Southeast Asia. The EC fluxes were very consistent with the sum of the two terms measured independently (diffusive fluxes + ebullition = EC fluxes), indicating that the EC system picked up both diffusive fluxes and ebullition from the reservoir. We showed a diurnal bimodal pattern of CH4 emissions anti-correlated with atmospheric pressure. During daytime, a large atmospheric pressure drop triggers CH4 ebullition (up to 100 mmol m−2 d−1), whereas at night, a more moderate peak of CH4 emissions was recorded. As a consequence, fluxes during daytime were twice as high as during nighttime. Additionally, more than 4800 discrete measurements of CH4 ebullition were performed at a weekly/fortnightly frequency, covering water depths ranging from 0.4 to 16 m and various types of flooded ecosystems. Methane ebullition varies significantly seasonally and depends mostly on water level change during the warm dry season, whereas no relationship was observed during the cold dry season. On average, ebullition was 8.5 ± 10.5 mmol m−2 d−1 and ranged from 0 to 201.7 mmol m−2 d−1. An artificial neural network (ANN) model could explain up to 46% of seasonal variability of ebullition by considering total static pressure (the sum of hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure), variations in the total static pressure, and bottom temperature as controlling factors. This model allowed extrapolation of CH4 ebullition on the reservoir scale and performance of gap filling over four years. Our results clearly showed a very high seasonality: 50% of the yearly CH4 ebullition occurs within four months of the warm dry season. Overall, ebullition contributed 60–80% of total emissions from the surface of the reservoir (disregarding downstream emissions), suggesting that ebullition is a major pathway in young hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics.
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9

Deshmukh, C., D. Serça, C. Delon, R. Tardif, M. Demarty, C. Jarnot, Y. Meyerfeld, et al. "Physical controls on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from a newly flooded subtropical freshwater hydroelectric reservoir: Nam Theun 2." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 26, 2014): 3271–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-3271-2014.

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Abstract. In the present study, we measured CH4 ebullition and diffusion with funnels and floating chambers in the footprint of an eddy-covariance system measuring CH4 emissions at high frequency (30 mn) in the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir, a recently impounded (in 2008) subtropical hydroelectric reservoir located in Lao PDR, southeast Asia. The EC fluxes were very consistent with the sum of the two terms measured independently (diffusive fluxes + ebullition = EC fluxes), indicating that the EC system picked-up both diffusive fluxes and ebullition from the reservoir. The EC system permitted to evidence a diurnal bimodal pattern of CH4 emissions anti-correlated with atmospheric pressure. During daytime, a large atmospheric pressure drop triggers CH4 ebullition (up to 100 mmol m–2 d–1) whereas at night, a more moderate peak of CH4 emission was recorded. As a consequence, fluxes during daytime were twice higher than during nighttime. A total of 4811 measurements of CH4 ebullition with submerged funnels at a weekly/fortnightly frequency were performed. The data set covers a water depth ranging from 0.4 to 16 m, and all types of flooded ecosystems. This dataset allowed to determine that ebullition depends mostly on water level change among many other variables tested. On average, ebullition was 8.5 ± 10.5 mmol m–2 d–1 (10–90 percentile range: 0.03–21.5 mmol m–2 d–1) and ranged from 0–201.7 mmol m–2 d–1. An artificial neural network model could explain up to 45% of variability of ebullition using total static pressure (sum of hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure), variations in the water level and atmospheric pressure, and bottom temperature as inputs. This model allowed extrapolation of CH4 ebullition at the reservoir scale and performing gap-filling over four years. Our results clearly showed a very high seasonality: 50% of the yearly CH4 ebullition occurs within four months of the warm dry season. Overall, ebullition contributed 60–80% of total emissions from the surface of the reservoir (disregarding downstream emissions) suggesting that ebullition is a major pathway in young hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics.
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10

Guérin, Frédéric, Chandrashekhar Deshmukh, David Labat, Sylvie Pighini, Axay Vongkhamsao, Pierre Guédant, Wanidaporn Rode, et al. "Effect of sporadic destratification, seasonal overturn, and artificial mixing on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from a subtropical hydroelectric reservoir." Biogeosciences 13, no. 12 (June 22, 2016): 3647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3647-2016.

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Abstract. Inland waters in general and freshwater reservoirs specifically are recognized as a source of CH4 into the atmosphere. Although the diffusion at the air–water interface is the most studied pathway, its spatial and temporal variations are poorly documented. We measured temperature and O2 and CH4 concentrations every 2 weeks for 3.5 years at nine stations in a subtropical monomictic reservoir which was flooded in 2008 (Nam Theun 2 Reservoir, Lao PDR). Based on these results, we quantified CH4 storage in the water column and diffusive fluxes from June 2009 to December 2012. We compared diffusive emissions with ebullition from Deshmukh et al. (2014) and aerobic methane oxidation and downstream emissions from Deshmukh et al. (2016). In this monomictic reservoir, the seasonal variations of CH4 concentration and storage were highly dependent on the thermal stratification. Hypolimnic CH4 concentration and CH4 storage reached their maximum in the warm dry season (WD) when the reservoir was stratified. Concentration and storage decreased during the warm wet (WW) season and reached its minimum after the reservoir overturned in the cool dry (CD) season. The sharp decreases in CH4 storage were concomitant with extreme diffusive fluxes (up to 200 mmol m−2 d−1). These sporadic emissions occurred mostly in the inflow region in the WW season and during overturn in the CD season in the area of the reservoir that has the highest CH4 storage. Although they corresponded to less than 10 % of the observations, these extreme CH4 emissions (> 5 mmol m−2 d−1) contributed up to 50 % of total annual emissions by diffusion. During the transition between the WD and WW seasons, a new emission hotspot was identified upstream of the water intake where diffusive fluxes peaked at 600 mmol m−2 d−1 in 2010 down to 200 mmol m−2 d−1 in 2012. The hotspot was attributed to the mixing induced by the water intakes (artificial mixing). Emissions from this area contributed 15–25 % to total annual emissions, although they occur in a surface area representative of less than 1 % of the total reservoir surface. We highly recommend measurements of diffusive fluxes around water intakes in order to evaluate whether such results can be generalized.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project in Lao PDR"

1

Hiscox, Alexandra Faye. "Studies on mosquito vectors in areas affected by the Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project, Loa PDR." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558380.

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Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar. "Greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) emissions from a newly flooded hydroelectric reservoir in subtropical South Asia : case of Nam Theun 2 reservoir, Lao PDR." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2014/.

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L'augmentation de l'intérêt concernant la part des réservoirs hydroélectrique dans l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique des Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES) a amené à mesurer les émissions nettes d'un réservoir hydroélectrique, Nam Theun 2 (NT2) dans la région subtropicale de la République Démocratique Populaire du Laos, Asie. Ce travail est la premiêre évaluation de l'empreinte carbone des GES (c'est à dire : les émissions après ennoiement moins les émissions avant ennoiement) en relation avec la création d'un réservoir hydroélectrique. C'est le résultat d'une étude à grande échelle qui s'est déroulée pendant cinq ans (2008-2012). Nous avons tout d'abord quantifié les sources et les puits majeurs des GES des composants terrestres et aquatiques du paysage avant ennoiement (Mai 2008). Ensuite, à partir d'Avril 2009, cette étude similaire a été réalisée au niveau du réservoir, sa zone de marnage et son aval. C'est en Octobre 2009 que le réservoir hydroélectrique NT2 a, pour la première fois, atteint son niveau maximal et c'est huit mois plus tard, en Mars 2010, que les turbines ont fonctionnées pour la première fois. En se basant sur un suivi bimensuel et sur cinq missions de terrain couvrant toutes les saisons, les émissions des principaux GES (c'est à dire l'oxyde nitreux (N2O), le méthane (CH4) et le dioxyde de carbone (CO2)) ont été mesurées d'Avril 2009 à Décembre 2011. Les émissions ont été déterminées à la surface du réservoir (flux diffusifs et ébullitifs) ainsi que dans les sols de la zone de marnage, qui peut atteindre 370 km2 pour une surface totale de réservoir de 450 km2
The identification and accurate quantification of sinks or sources of GHG has become a key challenge for scientists and policy makers groups working on climate change or global warming. The creation of a hydro-reservoir while damming a river for power generation converts the terrestrial ecosystems into aquatic ecosystem and subsequently decomposition of flooded terrestrial soil organic matter stimulates GHG productions and thereby emissions to atmosphere. Tropical or subtropical hydroelectric reservoirs are more significant sources of GHG than boreal or temperate one. The number of hydroelectric reservoirs continues to increase at fast pace specially in the tropical or sub-tropical regions which still hold significant amount of hydropower resources to be exploited. In this context, we study the subtropical hydroelectric Nam Theun 2 (NT2) Reservoir, a complex-structuraldesigned, created on the Nam Theun River in Laos PDR. The main aims of our study are to: (1) Study the GHG dynamics (CH4, N2O and CO2) in the reservoir and in the whole area of influence (downstream and drawdown areas), (2) explore the effectiveness of different methodology (eddy covariance, floating chamber, submerged funnel and thin boundary layer) to assess of GHG emission from a hydroelectric reservoir, (3) determine the environmental controls on the different emission terms; (4) attempt to determine the first net GHG budget of a subtropical hydroelectric reservoir
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3

Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar. "Greenhouse gas emissions (CH4, CO2 and N2O) from a newly flooded hydroelectric reservoir in subtropical South Asia : The case of Nam Theun 2 Reservoir, Lao PDR." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862380.

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L'augmentation de l'intérêt concernant la part des réservoirs hydroélectrique dans l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique des Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES) a amené à mesurer les émissions nettes d'un réservoir hydroélectrique, Nam Theun 2 (NT2) dans la région subtropicale de la République Démocratique Populaire du Laos, Asie. Ce travail est la première évaluation de l'empreinte carbone des GES (c'est à dire : les émissions après ennoiement moins les émissions avant ennoiement) en relation avec la création d'un réservoir hydroélectrique. C'est le résultat d'une étude à grande échelle qui s'est déroulée pendant cinq ans (2008-2012). Nous avons tout d'abord quantifié les sources et les puits majeurs des GES des composants terrestres et aquatiques du paysage avant ennoiement (Mai 2008). Ensuite, à partir d'Avril 2009, cette étude similaire a été réalisée au niveau du réservoir, sa zone de marnage et son aval. C'est en Octobre 2009 que le réservoir hydroélectrique NT2 a, pour la première fois, atteint son niveau maximal et c'est huit mois plus tard, en Mars 2010, que les turbines ont fonctionnées pour la première fois. En se basant sur un suivi bimensuel et sur cinq missions de terrain couvrant toutes les saisons, les émissions des principaux GES (c'est à dire l'oxyde nitreux (N2O), le méthane (CH4) et le dioxyde de carbone (CO2)) ont été mesurées d'Avril 2009 à Décembre 2011. Les émissions ont été déterminées à la surface du réservoir (flux diffusifs et ébullitifs) ainsi que dans les sols de la zone de marnage, qui peut atteindre 370 km2 pour une surface totale de réservoir de 450 km2.
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Books on the topic "Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project in Lao PDR"

1

Office, World Bank Lao PDR Country. Nam Theun 2 (NT2) hydroelectric project: Update on the Lao PDR. Vientiane: The World Bank Lao Country Office, 2008.

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2

Lohachit, Chantima. Freshwater snails in the Nam Theun 2 Project area of Khammouane and Bolikhamxai provinces, Lao PDR. Bangkok: Dept. of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University and TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., 1997.

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Storey, John. Surveys for malaria, anopheles mosquitoes, and aquatic snails in selected villages of Nam Theun 2 Project area, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, 19 to 26 March 1997. [Thailand: s.n.], 1997.

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Wildlife Conservation Society (New York, N.Y.), ed. Additional surveys and recommendations on the birds and mammals for the Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project with emphasis on the proposed corridor and the reservoir islands area: Report to the Government of Lao PDR and the Project Development Group of the Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project. New York: Wildlife Conservation Society, 1996.

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Pholsena, Khamliene, and Mahāwitthayālai Chīang Mai. Khana Phǣtsāt., eds. The health status of resident populations in the Nam Theun 2 Project area, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. Chiang Mai: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 1997.

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