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Journal articles on the topic 'Nakhon Si Thammarat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sirisathitkul, Chitnarong, Jaru Jutimoosik, Sadeq Abbasi, and Wannasarn Noonsuk. "Investigations of fine-paste ware production and exchange in maritime Southeast Asia by electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption." Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, no. 3 (2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1903250s.

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The combination of synchrotron X-ray absorption and electronmicroscopy provided information on the production and exchange of fine-paste ware (FPW), dated to around the 11th to 14th centuries in peninsular Thailand and maritime Southeast Asia. White FPW sherds from Kota Cina in north Sumatra, a well-known trading city in Indonesia, have similar clay composition to those from Kok Moh on Satingphra Spit in peninsular Thailand. Also, homogeneous texture indicating high firing temperatures was found in the samples from Kota Cina as well as in those from Phra Mahathat Temple and Suan Luang Temple in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand. However, the split Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) peaks are exclusively observed in the samples from Nakhon Si Thammarat. The distinctly large compositions of ?-Fe2O3 and carbon, respectively confirmed by Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra, suggest that Nakhon Si Thammarat probably had at least a FPW production site in which the ash glazing process may have been implemented. The evidence of such process is not found in the samples from other sites in maritime Southeast Asia in this analysis.

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Hussin, Haziyah, Mohd Aderi Che Noh, Muhamad Razak Idris, Farid Mat Zain, Hamdi Ishak, Salamiah Ab. Ghani, and Abdulroya Panaemalae. "Amalan Pengajaran Guru di Pondok Bantan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand." International Journal of Islamic Thought 16, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24035/ijit.16.2019.003.

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3

Utit Sangkharat, Wanchai Dhammasaccakarn, Udomsak Dechochai,. "The Implementation of Concrete Areas of the Community Organization Councils for self-governance of Local Communities: A Case studies of the community organization councils in Na Wae Sub-district, Chawang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province Thailand." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.961.

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This article is a part of research study on The Implementation Of the Community Organization Councils for self-governance: A Case studies of community organizations councils in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province Thailand, Which aims to study the Implementation of Concrete Areas of the community organization councils To promote self-governance knowledge of local communities The researcher gave an example of the community organization councils in Na Wae Sub-district, Chawang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province Thailand. Which is the prototype area of this research By using participatory action research methods. The results of the research onThe Implementation of Concrete Areas of the Community Organization Councils for self-governance of Local Communities: A Case studies of the community organization councils in Na Wae Sub-district, Chawang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province Thailand found that It is a platform for sharing knowledge and experiences among development partners, including government, private and public sectors who are members of community organizations, which have a number of driving activities, both on issues, problems and social capital such as customs and traditions, community services, community rights in resources and environment, organic farming systems in the community, community welfare fund systems, and Community financial institutions etc. And There are new community organizations According to the policy of the agency And government policies such as civil servant shops, Rural Solidarity Group etc. and It is an important strategy to Implementation the community organization council for self-governance in the future. This will be the growth and strength of the Thai citizen movement to another level.

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JACQ-HERGOUALC'H, M., T. SRISUCHAT, T. SUPAJANYA, and W. KRISANAPOL. "La Région de Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thaïlande péninsulaire) du Veau XIVesiècle." Journal Asiatique 284, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 361–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ja.284.2.556538.

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5

Wongkoon, S., M. Jaroensutasinee, and K. Jaroensutasinee. "A forecasting system for dengue fever in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16 (June 2012): e365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.460.

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6

Kanabkaew, Thongchai, Nirattisai Rakmak, and Sukonta Choosaeng. "Assessment of Hydrogen Sulfide Dispersion from Dumpsite Using AERMOD Modeling System." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.650.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) isclassified as toxic gases that are commonly known to be generated from an anaerobic process, volcanic explosion and petroleum related processes. Low concentration of H2S causes irritation on human eyes and respiratory system as well as nuisance problem due to its rotten-egg smell. Insanitary dumpsite of municipal wastes containing high organic fraction could be a source of H2S emission, which affects the quality of life of nearby communities. This study assessed the H2S dispersion from dumpsite in Nakhon Si Thammarat using the source dispersion model, AERMOD. Emission rate of H2S generated at dumpsite was estimated using emission factor of 1.76 mg.m-2.d-1 taken from AP-42 (USEPA.). For meteorological data, hourly average data in 2012 were collected from three meteorological stations which were Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani and Trang Provinces. Meteorological data were primarily utilized from Nakhon Si Thammarat. Only missing values were filled by the data from Surat Thani and Trang, respectively. Results revealed that maximum concentrations of H2S in 2012 were 0.595, 0.066 and 0.058 ppb, respectively for 1 hour average (1st highest), 24 hour average (1st highest) and annual average over the study area of 10 km x 10 km surrounding the source. Maximum concentration of H2S emitted from dumpsite was mainly confined within 1.5 km surrounding the sources, particularly to the east and northeast area. The simulated concentrations of H2S did not exceed the suggested standard values; however, the 1st highest hourly average concentration was reached the odor threshold (0.5 ppb). To clarify the simulated H2S concentrations, further works should be included the field sampling of H2S at dumpsite to obtain the actual emission rate. Meteorological data in several years should be also used to provide the concrete pattern of H2S dispersion.

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7

OUNLERT, Poontarasa, Sayan SDOODEE, and Pitsanu TONGKHOW. "The mangosteen flowering date model in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand." Journal of Central European Agriculture 18, no. 1 (2017): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/18.1.1876.

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8

Waewsak, Jompob, Mathieu Landry, and Yves Gagnon. "High resolution wind atlas for Nakhon Si Thammarat and Songkhla provinces, Thailand." Renewable Energy 53 (May 2013): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.009.

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9

Thongier, T., J. Thongier, and C. Preecha. "THE POPULATION OF MANGOSTEEN THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, THAILAND." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1024 (March 2014): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1024.42.

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10

PINKAEW, NANTASAK. "A new species and two new combinations in the genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) from Thailand." Zootaxa 1688, no. 1 (January 23, 2008): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1688.1.5.

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A new species of Fibuloides Kuznetsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini), Fibuloides khaonanensis Pinkaew, is described and illustrated based on male specimens collected from evergreen forest in Khao Nan National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Eucoenogenes bicucullus Pinkaew and Eucoenogenes vaneeae Pinkaew, described from male and female specimens collected from Thong Pha Phum National Park, Thailand, are transferred to Fibuloides (n. comb).

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11

Kusuma, Bayu Mitra A. "Nakhon Si Thammarat Muslim Business Club: Managing Da'wah and Entrepreneurship among Muslim Minorities in the Southern Thailand." Jurnal Ilmiah Syi'ar 20, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/syr.v20i1.3186.

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Pattani is not a single representation of the Islamic existence in Thailand, because in reality Muslim societies have been living in various regions. One place where Muslim societies can form new identities is in the Nakhon Si Thammarat province, where they are able to transform into an adaptive and highly competitive group. To examine more deeply this phenomenon, this study uses a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach, and emphasizes the interactive data analysis of the Miles and Huberman models. The results of field research show that one of the manifestations of Muslim existence is to establish Nakhon Si Thammarat Muslim Business Club (NMBC). In its existence, NMBC has two main functions: First, to bridge and unite the power of Muslim entrepreneurs from micro to large scale. Secondly, to become a da’wah institution on Islamic philanthropy based on the belief that the more charity, the more business will develop. NMBC gives direction to the development of Muslim entrepreneurship in two ways: First, positioning the majority group as partners, not competitors. Second, to strengthen the Blue Ocean strategy in which Muslim entrepreneurs must find new business sector gaps that are not controlled by the majority group.

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12

Sumrongthong, Bussakorn. "The Blending of Thai-Muslim Musical Performances in Southern Thailand." MANUSYA 11, no. 4 (2008): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01104006.

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Introduction This paper is a research report of investigative fieldwork on the musical culture of the southern provinces of Thailand. The research was conducted by interviewing prominent musicians from each of the following provinces: Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phang-Nga, Phatthalung, Phuket, Satun, Songkhla, Surat Thani and Trang. The current political instability in the provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narativas prevented conducting research in these locales.

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13

Riratanaphong, Chaiwat, and Chutima Kaewchan. "Adaptation of Apartments to Small Hotels: The Case of Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 690 (December 6, 2019): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/690/1/012013.

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14

Vandergeest, Peter, and Paritta Chalermpow-Koanantakool. "The Southern Thai Shadowplay Tradition in Historical Context." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (September 1993): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400002654.

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The shadowplay of Southeast Asia has often been understood as a reflection of local cultural patterns, and it has therefore been the object of much scholarly interest. That interest has been directed especially at the Javanese play, although much has also been written about Balinese and Malaysian shadowplay performances. The shadowplay performance is not usually associated with Thailand, and the shadowplay there has not been subjected to the same degree of scrutiny as in Indonesia and Malaysia. Nevertheless, such a tradition is thriving among Tai-speaking Buddhist peoples in peninsular (Southern) Thailand, particularly in the provinces of Songkhla, Thammarat, and Phatthalung on the long-settled rice plain stretching from Songkhla near the Malay border to Nakhon Si Thammarat, where most puppeteers are found.

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15

Decharat, Somsiri, Piriyaluk Phethuayluk, Supandee Maneelok, and Phayong Thepaksorn. "Determination of Mercury Exposure among Dental Health Workers in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Journal of Toxicology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/401012.

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Objectives. The main objective of this study was to assess the mercury exposure levels in dental health workers that work in dental clinics. The study evaluated the airborne and urinary mercury levels, the type of work done in the clinic, and the effect of mercury exposure on health of dental health workers.Material and Methods. A case-control study was conducted with 124 exposed and 124 matched nonexposed subjects. Personal and area samplings were conducted to quantify mercury concentrations by solid sorbent tube. Urine samples were collected to determine mercury levels by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometer mercury analyzer.Results and Discussion. 17.6% (n=32/182) of the air samples were higher than the occupational exposure limit (OEL). A multiple regression model was constructed. Significant predictors of urinary mercury levels included dietary consumption (fish or seafood), duration of work (yrs), work position, personal protection equipment used (PPE), and personal hygiene behaviors. Significant correlations were observed between mercury levels in urine and mercury in storage areas (r=0.499,P<0.05) and between mercury levels in urine and airborne mercury in personal samplings (r=0.878,P<0.001).Conclusion. Improvements in working conditions, occupational health training, and PPE use are recommended to reduce mercury exposure.

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16

Neamsuvan, Oratai, Thanchanok Phumchareon, Wanisa Bunphan, and Wayanan Kaosaeng. "Plant materials for gastrointestinal diseases used in Chawang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 194 (December 2016): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.001.

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17

Muneenam, Umaporn, and Pongbaworn Suwannattachote. "Local Knowledge on Sedge Utilisation for Handicraft." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(137).

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Sedge is one of the natural plants for handicraft in Thailand, as well as in the countries where there is sedge; such as Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Sumatra island, countries and islands nearby Malay Strait, Borneo, Australia, and Vietnam (Inthongkong, 1986; M4P [Making Markets Work Better for the Poor], 2008). In Thailand, sedge is mostly found especially in eastern part of Southern Thailand; such as Narathiwat, Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Suratthani, Pattani, and Chumphon Provinces (Karakade, 1996). Although in the past there were many researchers studied about sedge utilization in Thailand (Karakade, 1996; Sonsang, 2003; Kullayasiri, 2011), this research article aims to apply the value chain analysis (VCA)—better tools in explanation—to present about the local knowledge, step, process, and flow on sedge utilization for handicraft, especially in Cha-uad District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province because here is the source of sedge that now distributes to producers in the other provinces, as well as there is a day in July of every year to praise sedge called "Blooming of Sedge Flower Day". This research article aims to 1) support the idea of the Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiative of Her Highest Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG); 2) present the local knowledge of sedge utilization for handicraft; and 3) present steps and process, as well as flow of sedge utilization for handicraft. Keywords: Cha-uad District; Handicraft; Local Knowledge; Sedge Utilisation

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18

Ariyasajsiskul, Supaporn. "The So-called Tin Monopoly in Ligor: The Limits of VOC Power vis à vis a Southern Thai Trading Polity." Itinerario 28, no. 3 (November 2004): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300019859.

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That which the Dutch called Ligor is the present-day southern province of Nakhon Si Thammarat in Thailand. It was one of the oldest city-states and flourishing entrepôts in Southeast Asia. Dutch East India Company (VOC) documents reveal that the Company traded tin in Ligor and had a small office there for more than a century from around 1640 until 1756. In fact, the relationship between the VOC and Ligor had already been established a few decades earlier when Ligor was still enjoying much autonomy with respect to self-governance, trade, and foreign contacts.

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Noonsuk, Wannasarn. "The Urban Development in Nakhon Si Thammarat (Peninsular Thailand). Based on Preliminary Results of Excavations." Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient 99, no. 1 (2012): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/befeo.2012.6158.

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20

Decharat, Somsiri. "Urinary Mercury Levels Among Workers in E-waste Shops in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 51, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.049.

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21

Kanabkaew, Thongchai, Phiyachat Nookongbut, and Patcharakan Soodjai. "Preliminary Assessment of Particulate Matter Air Quality Associated with Traffic Emissions in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand." Procedia Engineering 53 (2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.023.

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Et al., Phra Suriya Kongkawai. "Buddhist Integrated of Management for the Youth Training of Moral Camp in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 3724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1371.

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This article has an objective to present the use of religious dimensions as a course for moral training camps. It is also intended to sharpen the minds of learners to use wisdom to know reasons and morality, including being conscious in the knowledge of media, technology in the era of globalization with high competition by allowing body and mind to know the value of morality, focusing on being a good person to improve society. In addition, the speakers have shown some good characteristics; for example, knowing how to work as a team; having the power and perseverance ; having collaboration; overcoming problems ; and eliminating obstacles and troubles together by using knowledge and competence which is a process to be applied to all types of work to their fullest potential. Also, the article has the objective of guiding the participants for some characteristics; for example, being honest and moral; being able to adapt to fit with others by not exerting power to oppress others but trying to keep yourself equal with others; knowing to love each other and share generosity ; however, it must be based on moderation, not too extravagant either. That activity must affect the lives of the youth in good practices and having good attitudes. This will create a connection, coordination, and good relationship in coexistence in society with the "understanding, reaching and developing" in the human truths to adapt behaviors to keep up with materialism by bringing the principles learned to improve physical and spiritual developments and be able to continue to live together happily.

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23

Decharat, Somsiri. "Urinary toluene levels and adverse health symptoms among automotive garage workers, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 36, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): e2021018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2021018.

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To determine their urinary toluene levels, to describe the workers’ hygiene behaviors and the prevalence of adverse health symptoms among automotive garage workers exposed to chemical substances. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by interviewing among automotive garages located in the Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. During between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2020. A total of 140 automotive garages workers were selected using a purposive sampling method. The questionnaire was conducted via face-to-face interview and the toluene was quantified using gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were computed for the variables. Risk factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented as statistically significant when the p value was < 0.05. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the medians of continuous variables of the two groups. The prevalence of skin effects (60.71%); respiratory tract irritation (49.29%); nausea (46.43%); and dizziness (40.71%) was remarkable in the automotive garage workers. Several socio-demographic variables were significantly associated with increased skin effects, respiratory tract irritant, nausea, and dizziness. The median urinary toluene level of the automotive garage workers was 145 μg/L (range, 12.0-958.0 μg/L) which the median urinary levels and demographic characteristics, occupational lifestyle, personal protective equipment used, hygiene behavior, and adverse health symptoms had significantly significant different (p< 0.05).Urine is one of the most useful a sample for biomonitoring of occupational exposure to toluene. Personal hygiene is important for the automotive garage workers, and it should be emphasized in education programs.

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Seenuankaew, Unchasa, Jurairat Rattichot, and Bhornchanit Leenaraj. "Farmers’ information behaviors that facilitate the strengthening of their management capacity from passive to active community enterprises." Information and Learning Science 119, no. 5/6 (May 14, 2018): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-07-2017-0070.

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Purpose This paper is a partial reflection of a research in strategy development to help agriculturists in Nakhon Si Thamarat Province to increase the capacity of the community enterprises to a “good level” of performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the information behavior of farmers regarding the success of the community enterprises management in Nakhon Si Thamarat, Thailand. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research method was applied, using in-depth interviews, observation and field notes. The study area covered community enterprises located in the Muang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, which were evaluated to study the levels of information behaviors. Data were collected from 45 respondents from 9 community enterprises 3 categories (passive, common, and active levels). Five interviewees were gathered in each category for the purpose of this research. Findings The findings show the following information behaviors of farmers that support the management capacity of the community enterprises between the passive level and the active level: information needs (arising from a clear occupational purpose of an individual or a group of individuals), information-seeking (the farmers knowing and understanding the problems that require information, choosing the right information sources), searching multiple sources and selecting the right information and using this information for development and occupation. Originality/value This research constructed a body of new knowledge of farmers’ information behaviors of community enterprises. This knowledge will lead to the development of an information behavior model for community enterprises which will help strengthen the capacity toward the active level.

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Kwanhian, Wiyada, Treenate Jiranantasak, Aleeza T. Kessler, Bryn E. Tolchinsky, Sarah Parker, Jirarat Songsri, Suebtrakool Wisessombat, et al. "Investigation of Melioidosis Outbreak in Pig Farms in Southern Thailand." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010009.

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Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a potentially life-threatening infection that can affect humans and a wide variety of animals in the tropics. In December 2017, a swine melioidosis case was discovered during a meat inspection at a privately-owned slaughterhouse in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in southern Thailand. The infection, which continued for several months, caused a dispute about where the disease began. An environmental investigation into two farms—both involved in raising the first infected pig—ensued. Through genetic analysis, the investigation revealed that a contaminated water supply at one farm was the probable source of infection. The three local sequence types identified in the investigation were types 51, 298 and 392.

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Handayani, Maya Rini. "MANFAAT JEJARING SOSIAL BAGI KEGIATAN DAKWAH SISWA PRATEPSASANA ISMAIL MEMORIAL SCHOOL (PIMS) NAKHON SI THAMMARAT THAILAND SELATAN." Wahana Akademika: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 1, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/wa.v1i1.797.

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<p><span>Abstract</span></p><p><span>This article discusses about the benefits of information technology for Islamic<br /><span>da’wa activities of PIMS (Pratepsasana Ismail Memorial School) students. In this<br /><span>article, the information technology focuses on social network, which is a facebook. PIMS is a school managed by Pondok Bantan in Nakhon Si Thammarat<br /><span>(NST) province, Southern Thailand. Both PIMS school and pondok Bantan<br /><span>have provided some modern facilities such as buildings, classrooms, and computer laboratories. Therefore, it is very interesting to know the PIMS student’s<br /><span>Islamic da’wa activities using the information technology by utilizing computer<br /><span>laboratories in PIMS and Pondok Bantan.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Keyword: dakwah Islamiyah, facebook, Pratepsasana Ismail Memorial<br /><span>School</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></p>

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Rattanawan, Chutima, Suraiya Cheloh, Asma Maimahad, and Malatee Tayeh. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211013476.

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Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

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Ampai, Natee, Perry L. Wood Jr, Bryan L. Stuart, and Anchalee Aowphol. "Integrative taxonomy of the rock-dwelling gecko Cnemaspis siamensis complex (Squamata, Gekkonidae) reveals a new species from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand." ZooKeys 932 (May 12, 2020): 129–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50602.

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The rock-dwelling gecko genus Cnemaspis is one of the most species-diverse genera of gekkonid in Thailand. Earlier studies relied on morphological data to identify species, but cryptic morphology often obscured species diversity in Cnemaspis. In this study, an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological characters and sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene were used to clarify current taxonomy of the Cnemaspis siamensis complex and delimit a new species from Lan Saka District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. Cnemaspis lineatubercularissp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species by the combination of morphological characters: (1) maximum snout-vent length (SVL) of 40.6 mm (mean 38.8 ± SD 1.4, N = 12) in adult males and maximum SVL of 41.8 mm (mean 39.5 ± SD 1.9, N = 7) in adult females; (2) 8–9 supralabial and infralabial scales; (3) gular, pectoral, abdominal, and subcaudal scales keeled; (4) rostral, interorbitals, supercilium, palmar scales, and ventral scales of brachia smooth; (5) 5–6 small, subconical spine-like tubercles present on flanks; (6) 19–21 paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged; (7) 27–29 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe; (8) 4–7 pore-bearing precloacal scales, pores rounded arranged in chevron shape and separated only in males; (9) one postcloacal tubercles each side in males; (10) ventrolateral caudal tubercles present anteriorly; (11) caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side; (12) single median row of subcaudal scales keeled and lacking enlarged median row; and (13) gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish only in males. Genetically, the uncorrected pairwise divergences between the new species and their congeners in the C. siamensis group were between 15.53–28.09%. The new species is currently known only from granitic rocky streams at Wang Mai Pak Waterfall in the Nakhon Si Thammarat mountain range. Its discovery suggests that additional unrecognized species of Cnemaspis may still occur in unexplored areas of southern Thailand.

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Waewsak, Jompob, Chana Chancham, Somphol Chewamongkolkarn, Chuleerat Kongruang, and Yves Gagnon. "Technical and Economic Assessment of a 10 MW Wind Farm at Pakphanang District in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.142.

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This paper presents the technical and economic assessment of a 10 MW wind farm at Pakphanang district in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The microscale wind resource map within 10 km is developed based on 3 years recorded wind data at 120 m above ground level (agl) (2012-2014) along with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) wind flow modeling with resolution of 90 m. The 5 x 2.0 MW and 4 x 2.5 MW modeled wind farms are positioned along the shoreline with a position criteria of 5 times the rotor diameter between the turbines. The net annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factor (CF) with wake losses are analyzed. The economic analysis is done based on the current project cost and financial incentive (Adder). Results show that the annual mean speed at 120 m agl is 5.2 m/s. The net AEP and CF are 36.60 GWh/year and 41.78%, respectively with wake loss of 0.40%. Under project cost of 75 million THB/MW and 70% debt ratio and Thailand Board of Investment (BOI) tax exemption promotion, the benefit cost ratio is 1.04, the net present value is 65.96 million THB, the financial internal rate of return is 17.70% and the payback period is 4 years. Finally, a 10 MW wind power project could avoid greenhouse gas emission of 19,764 tons CO2eq per year.Keywords: Wind Energy, Wind Farm, Capacity Factor, Wind Flow Modeling, Project Analysis

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Decharat, Somsiri, and Prasert Pan-in. "Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Drinking Water for School use in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 35, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): e2020002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.e2020002.

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Bangroy, Jenjira, Rungruang Janta, Jenjira Kaewrat, Chuthamat Rattikansukha, and Surasak Sichum. "Nitrogen dioxide concentration and health risk assessment at schools: Case study Tha sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 476 (June 11, 2020): 012134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/476/1/012134.

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Unjan, Rattana, Ayut Nissapa, and Rawee Chiarawipa. "Climatic considerations which support the choice between natural rubber and oil palm in Nakhon Si Thammarat, southern Thailand." Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 38, no. 3 (September 2017): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.07.006.

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Riansut, Warangkhana. "Daily Wind Speed Forecast Model at an Altitude of 120 Meters, Pak Phanang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province." Journal of Applied Science 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14416/j.appsci.2020.01.008.

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Khun-inkeeree, Hareesol, and M. S. Omar Fauzee. "Authenticating Factor Analysis of Attitude towards Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) in Thailand." Frontiers in Education Technology 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): p26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v3n1p26.

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The study examine the psychometric properties of Attitudes towards Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) in the Thai context. To achieve the objective set by the authors, 259 students from 10 different primary schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand were selected. Furthermore, a forty items ATMI questionnaire having four scales that is, 15 items measuring self-confidence, 10 items measuring value, 10 items measuring enjoyment, and 5 items measuring motivation from the study of Khine and Afari (2014) was adapted. The questionnaire adapted was translated to Thai language by expert English Thai lecturer. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were carried out to ascertain the factorability of the correlation matrix. That ATMI can be a viable scale to measure students’ attitudes toward mathematics in Thai context.

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Syarof, Zahriyatun Naeli. "‘ANÂSHIRU TA’LÎMI AL-LUGHATI AL-ARABIYYATI FÎ AL-MARHALATI AL-MUTAWASHSHITHATI AL-TSALITS BI MUASSASATI SANTITAM AL-ISLAMIYYATI DI NAKHON SI THAMMARAT." Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um056v3i1p34-52.

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الملخص: العربية من المواد المقررة في مدارس أو معاهد إسلامية في بلد تايلاند، مثل مؤسسة سانتيتام الإسلامية بناكون سي تامارات بجنوب تايلاند. ولدى التعليم سبعة عناصر مثاليا تصنعه؛ المعلم والتلاميذ ومصدر التعليم ومنهج التعليم وطريقة التعليم ووسائل التعليم والتقويم. إن تحقيق التعليم المثالي متعلق بتحقيق عناصر التعليم بأكملها، لا سيما لتعليم اللغة العربية. فيهدف هذا البحث وصف العناصر السبعة لتعليم اللغة العربية في المرحلة المتوسطة "الثالثة" بمؤسسة سانتيتام الإسلامية بناكون سي تامارات تايلاند. المنهج المستخدم لهذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي الكيفي. والنتائج المكتسبة من هذا البحث هي: أن (1) كفاءة معلمي اللغة العربية فيها ما زالت ناقصة، إما من ناحية استحقاق الأكاديمية أو الكفاءة الفيداغوغية من ناحية تطوير عملية التعليم وتخطيطها. وكفاءتهم المهنية جيدة، لأنهم تعلموا العربية سنوات في معاهد وخبرتهم في تعليم اللغة العربية كثيرة، وكفائتهم الشخصية والاجتماعية جيدة، (2) معظم التلاميذ قد تخرجوا في مدارس إسلامية. ولا تزال كفاءتهم للغة العربية ناقصة بشكل عام لأنهم لم يجيدوا المهارات الأساسية لتعليم العربية ، (3) مصدر التعليم الأساسي هو الكتاب المقرر، (4) منهج التعليم للعربية فيها غير واضح، (5) طريقة التعليم المستخدمة غالبا فيها طريقة المحاضرة والقواعد والترجمة والاستجواب والمناقشة، (6) قد يستخدم معلمو العربية فيها وسائل التعليم وقد لا يستخدمونها، (7) يقام التقويم للغة العربية مرتين في الفصل الدراسي، وكذلك يقام التقويم أثناء المادة أو في أخيرها والشيء الذي يقاس بشكل أفضل هو القواعد والمفردات.الكلمات المفتاحية: تعليم اللغة العربية; عناصر التعليم; تايلاند.Abstract: Arabic is one of the subjects in Islamic schools or boarding schools in the country of Thailand, such as the Santitam Islamic Foundation in Nakhon Si Thammarat Southest Thailand. Education has seven ideal components: teachers, pupils, source of education, curriculum, method, media and evaluation. The achievement of ideal education is related to the achievement of the entire educational component, especially to the teaching of Arabic. The aim of this research is to describe seven components of Arabic language learning in third grade of Islamic Junior High School of Muslim Santitham Foundation School Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand. The methodology used for this research is qualitative descriptive. The results obtained from this research are: (1) competence of Arabic teachers at that grade is still lacking in terms of academic qualifications or pedagogical competencies in terms of the development of learning process and lesson plan. However, professional competence is good, because they have studied Arabic in boarding schools for years. In addition, the experience of teaching their Arabic is also quite long, their personal and social competencies are good, (2) the majority of students at that level are graduates of Islamic schools. Generally, their Arabic language skills are still lacking caused of they don’t have any basic skills to learning Arabic, (3) the source of basic education is the text book, (4) the Arabic curriculum is unclear, (5) the teaching methods commonly used are lecture methods, grammar-translation, question and answer, and discussion, (6) teachers sometimes use media in learning Arabic and sometimes they do not use it, and (7) evaluation is done twice in one semester, and also evaluates in the middle or at the end of the Arabic learning process. The aspects emphasized in evaluation are grammar and vocabulary mastery, not language skills.Keywords: Arabic teaching, Teaching components, Thailand.Abstrak: Bahasa Arab adalah salah satu mata pelajaran di sekolah-sekolah Islam atau pesantren di Thailand, seperti Yayasan Muslim Santitam di Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand Selatan. Pendidikan memiliki tujuh komponen ideal: guru, murid, sumber belajar, kurikulum, metode, media dan evaluasi. Pencapaian pendidikan ideal terkait dengan pencapaian seluruh komponen pendidikan, terutama pengajaran bahasa Arab. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tujuh komponen pembelajaran bahasa Arab di kelas tiga MTs Yayasan Muslim Santitham, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) kompetensi guru bahasa Arab di kelas tersebut masih kurang dalam hal kualifikasi akademik atau kompetensi pedagogis pada bagian rencana dan pengembangan proses pembelajaran. Namun, kompetensi profesional baik, karena mereka telah belajar bahasa Arab di pesantren selama bertahun-tahun. Selain itu, pengalaman mengajar bahasa Arab mereka juga cukup lama, kompetensi kepribadian dan sosial mereka baik, (2) mayoritas siswa di tingkat itu adalah lulusan sekolah Islam. Secara umum, keterampilan bahasa Arab mereka masih kurang karena mereka tidak memiliki keterampilan dasar untuk belajar bahasa Arab, (3) sumber pendidikan dasar adalah buku teks, (4) kurikulum bahasa Arab tidak jelas, (5) metode yang biasa digunakan adalah metode ceramah, terjemah-tata bahasa, tanya jawab, dan diskusi, (6) guru terkadang menggunakan media dalam belajar bahasa Arab dan terkadang mereka tidak menggunakannya, dan (7) evaluasi dilakukan dua kali dalam satu semester, dan juga mengevaluasi di tengah atau di akhir proses pembelajaran. Aspek yang ditekankan dalam evaluasi adalah penguasaan tata bahasa dan kosa kata, bukan keterampilan bahasa.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran bahasa Arab, Komponen pembelajaran, Thailand.

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Boonyoung, Piyakorn, Sinlapachai Senarat, Jes Kettratad, Watiporn Yenchum, Pisit Poolprasert, and Wannee Jiraungkoorskul. "Microarchitectural study of the olfactory organ of Devario regina (Fowler, 1934) using pas technique." Journal of Bio-Science 22 (October 21, 2016): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v22i0.30007.

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Context: Microarchitectural observation of the olfactory organ in Devario regina (Fowler, 1934) is still unknown.Objectives: The normal histology and chemical detailed of glycoprotein in D. regina olfactory organ were investigated using histochemical analysis.Materials and Methods: Fishes were collected from the Tapee River, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand and were processed by the standard histological technique.Results: Microarchitecture of olfactory organ revealed that it was a paired olfactory sac. Each sac was composed of the olfactory chamber and many lamellae surrounding by olfactory epithelium. This epithelium contained the differential cell types in both sensory (sensory ciliated cells) and non-sensory olfactory epithelium. The special localization of glycoprotein was intensively detected on the mucous cells.Conclusion: This study provided the basic histology of the fish olfactory organ that will support the investigation regarding the physiological and ultrastructural analysis.J. bio-sci. 22: 41-44, 2014

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Waewsak, J., T. Chaichana, C. Chancham, M. Landry, and Y. Gagnonc. "Micro-siting Wind Resource Assessment and Near Shore Wind Farm Analysis in Pakpanang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Energy Procedia 52 (2014): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.071.

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Thongkaow, Pattida, Amornrat Kummuda, Sofiya Sawee, and Prasert Makkaew. "BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ICE AND ASSOCIATED SANITARY CONDITIONS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PREMISES IN THASALA, NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, THAILAND." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.972.

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Ice is widely used in food and drink establishments for refreshing drinks and food preservation. Therefore, the contamination of ice, especially microbial contamination, could be the vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to consumers. This study aimed to determine of bacteriological quality of ice sold at food and beverage premises. The sanitary conditions of the premises were also investigated. Edible ice samples from 12 premises were collected and analyzed coliform bacteria using the multiple-tube fermentation technique. Modified food sanitation inspection form from the Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, was used for inspection of food and beverage premises. It was found that all samples were positive for coliform bacteria, ranging from 140 - > 24,000 MPN/ 100 mL, which is inconsistent with the standard permission level in terms of total coliform bacteria of the Thailand office of Food and Drug Administration. Ice storage and the handwashing behaviour of food handlers were the main sanitary issues found from the sanitary conditions survey. The finding of this study urges the regulatory guidelines for monitoring ice quality and the sanitary conditions of food and beverage premises to protect the consumers’ health from the consumption of unsafe ice.

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Pattaraarchachai, Junya, and Kanvee Viwatpanich. "Spiritual Well-Being Measurement of Older Adults in a Community-Dwelling: A Short-Form Development." Journal of Population and Social Studies 29 (February 8, 2021): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv292021.018.

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This combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was performed in Chiang Mai, Samut Prakan, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Nakhon Si Thammarat to develop the general measurement tool of spiritual well-being among older adults who are living in the community. The research was divided into two phases. The first phase was a pilot questionnaire with 41 questions for 106 older adults, and ten focus group discussions. The exploratory factor analysis extracted and reduced the questionnaire to 30 questions. The revised questionnaires were used in the second phase survey on 512 older adults. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis affirmed the fit model of 12 questions on the four components of spiritual well-being (satisfaction, social participation, faith, and awareness), which explain the spiritual well-being condition of older adults, with a 73.8% extraction. Cronbach's coefficient of scale reliability (α) = 0.836, while the inter-item to total correlation was 0.328-0.682. Moreover, the reliability of each component was also high (0.759 < Cronbach α < 0.846). Therefore, the evaluation of spiritual health and well-being, as determined by the short-form (12 questions), is reliable and can apply as a screening tool for spiritual assessment, especially in the case of older adults in the Thai community.

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SEEPHUEAK, Pornsil, Chaisit PREECHA, and Wuttichai SEEPHUEAK. "Diversity of Macrofungi in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) Plantation in Southern Thailand." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 15, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2018.2643.

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The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of macrofungi in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantation habitats. The diversity of macrofungi was divided into 5 parts; vein, mid-rib and rachis of the oil palm frond litter, other plant litter and on the soil. The study was conducted in Thung Yai District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and Huai Yot District, Trang Province, in the southern region of Thailand in 2014 - 2015. In total 111 taxa were identified, comprising 10 ascomycota and 101 basidiomycota. The most abundant species were Marasmius (15 species), followed by Xylaria (6 species), Marasmiellus (5 species) and Termitomyces (5 species). Fifty-eight taxa were found on the oil palm rachis litter, 52 taxa from the soil, 19 taxa from the oil palm mid-rib litter, 10 taxa from other plant litter and 4 taxa from the oil palm vein litter.

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Khongtong, J., M. S. Ab Karim, M. Othman, and J. B. Bolong. "Reliability and Validity of Consumers’ Decision Making Investigation of Safe Street Food Purchasing, Pilot Study in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand." International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 5, no. 3 (2015): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2015.v5.471.

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MALAWET, Tarnhatai, Phuwadol BANGRAK, Yuwadee PEERAPORNPISAL, and Niyom KAMLANGDEE. "Newly Isolated High Squalene Producing Thraustochytrid Strain Aurantochytrium sp. P5/2 from Mangrove Habitats in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.6476.

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Thraustochytrids are alternative potential sources of squalene, because they grow rapidly, are relatively easy to culture, and accumulate in large amounts. The objectives of this research were to isolate squalene-producing Thraustochytrids from fallen leaves in Paknakon Bay, including Paknakon Mangrove forest (N), Pakpanang Mangrove forest (P) and Thasala Mangrove forest (T), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and to investigate their total lipid profile and squalene contents. A total of nine Thraustochytrid isolates were obtained.Morphological and molecular features revealed that those Thraustochytrids belonged to the genus Aurantiochytrium (N1, N14, P1/1, P5/2, P6/1, P43, T1, T26, and T42). Subsequently, they were cultivated and their cell dry weight, fatty acid compositions, and squalene contents were analyzed. At 96 h of cultivation, the dry cell weights ranged from 7.51 to 17.43 mg/g. The total lipid profile showed a broad spectrum of saturated fatty acids with an abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), 24.72 - 41.06 % TFA, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) 16.75 - 28.48 % TFA, heptadecanoic acid (17:0) 4.19 - 7.67 % TFA, lignoceric acid (24:0) 2.76 - 8.83 % TFA, myristic acid (14:0) 2.17 - 3.43 % TFA, stearic acid (18:0) 0.83 - 1.32 % TFA, arachidic acid (20:0) 0.19 - 0.33 % TFA, and behenic acid (22:0) 0.19 - 0.21 % TFA, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosahexaaenoic acid (22:6; 8.59 - 35.99 % TFA), Clupanodonic acid (22:5, 2.24 - 8.94 % TFA), Arachidonic acid (20:4, 0.32 - 0.60 % TFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, 0.19 - 0.62 % TFA), Linolenic acid (18:3, 0.12 - 0.18 % TFA), and Erucic acid (22:1; 0.02 - 0.09 % TFA) were also found. The squalene contents ranged from 0.06 to 4.78 mg/g. The highest biomass and squalene-accumulation was achieved from strain P5/2, which was identified as Aurantiochytrium sp.ม with a maximum yield of 4.78 mg/g at 96 h of cultivation.

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Dadhich, G., H. Miyazaki, and M. Babel. "APPLICATIONS OF SENTINEL-1 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY FOR FLOODS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, THAILAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1927-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Flooding is one of the major disasters occurring in various parts of the world. Estimation of economic loss due to flood often becomes necessary for flood damage mitigation. This present practice to carry out post flood survey to estimate damage, which is a laborious and time-consuming task. This paper presents a framework of rapid estimation of flood damage using SAR earth observation satellite data.</p><p>In Nakhon Si Thammarat, a southern province in Thailand, flooding is a recurrent event affecting the entire province, especially the urban area. Every year, it causes lives and damages to infrastructure, agricultural production and severely affects local economic development. In order to monitor and estimate flood damages in near-real time, numerous techniques can be used, from a simply digitizing on maps, to using detailed surveys or remote sensing techniques. However, when using the last-mentioned technique, the results are conditioned by the time of data acquisition (day or night) as well as by weather conditions. Although, these impediments can be surpassed by using RADAR satellite imagery. The aim of this study is to delineate the land surface of Chian Yai, Pak Phanang and Hua Sai districts of that was affected by floods in December 2018 and January 2019. For this case study, Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR data provided by ESA (European Space Agency) were used. The data sets were taken before and after the flood took place, all within 1 days and were processed using Sentinel Toolbox. Cropland mapping has been carried out to assess the agricultural loss in study area using Sentinel-1 SAR data. The thematic accuracy has been assessed for cropland classification for test site shows encouraging overall accuracy as 82.63 % and kappa coefficients (&kappa;) as 0.78.</p>

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Srisawat, Theera, Arunkamol Suvarnasingh, and Katesarin Maneenoon. "Traditional Medicinal Plants Notably Used to Treat Skin Disorders Nearby Khao Luang Mountain Hills Region, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2015.1018472.

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Laudee, Pongsak, and Hans Malicky. "Trichoptera fauna from Nakhon Si Thammarat Range (southern Thailand), with the description of a new species ofRhyacophilaPictet, 1834 (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)." Aquatic Insects 36, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2014): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2015.1064965.

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Kijjanapanich, Pimluck, Ajit P. Annachhatre, Giovanni Esposito, and Piet N. L. Lens. "Use of organic substrates as electron donors for biological sulfate reduction in gypsiferous mine soils from Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thailand)." Chemosphere 101 (April 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.026.

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Vattanasit, Udomratana, Jutharat Sukchana, Saowalak Kongsanit, Patjamai Dumtip, Veenuttee Sirimano, and Jira Kongpran. "Toluene and Heavy Metals in Small Automotive Refinishing Shops and Personal Protection of the Workers in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (April 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8875666.

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Chemical contamination and safe work practices of workers in automotive refinishing shops have been extensively studied in industrialized countries, but the evidence in developing countries is limited. This study aimed to evaluate chemical contamination and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) of workers in local small-scale automotive refinishing shops in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Airborne toluene and heavy metals, i.e., lead, chromium, and cadmium, were measured in 3 automotive refinishing shops. Toluene exposure assessed by urinary hippuric acid (n = 27) and metal contamination on workers’ hands (n = 24) were also determined. Information on the use of PPE and personal hygiene practices of the workers was collected by questionnaires. Average ambient levels of toluene (0.04–18.26 ppm) and the metals (Pb: ND-26.34, Cr: 0.02–4.46, and Cd: ND-1.44 µg/m3) in all sites did not exceed the national standard levels of 200 ppm for toluene (1998) and 50, 12, and 5 µg/m3 for Pb, Cr, and Cd, respectively (2017). The mean ambient levels of these chemicals were highest in paint spray booths followed by nonpainting areas and office rooms, respectively. The highest level of urinary hippuric acid (1.13 g/g creatinine) was found in a painter but did not exceed the recommended biological exposure index of 1.6 g/g creatinine (2014). In contrast, the highest levels of lead and chromium detected on the workers’ hands were found in body repair technicians. Direct hand contact without using gloves was suggested as a primary cause of metal contamination.

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LAKLAENG, Sa-ngob, and Wiyada KWANHIAN. "Immunomodulation Effect of Nypa fruticans Palm Vinegar." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 11 (October 17, 2020): 1200–1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.10719.

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Vinegars are aqueous products of fermentation that are composed of acetic acid, water and other trace chemical components. Previous studies have shown that they have several beneficial effects for humans, such as anti-diabetic, anti-bacteria, antioxidant, anti-tumor or the enhancement of immune function. Nypa fruticans palm vinegar (NPV) is 1 of the vinegars that is usually used as a food ingredient. However, there are limited studies that have provided results to support its proposed immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of NPV. Locally produced NPV from 3 different planting areas (fresh, brackish and saline water) of the Nakhon Si Thammarat province in Thailand were administered to rats, and the enhancement of the in vitro phagocytic activity was assessed. The results showed that NPV potently enhanced antibody production and the phagocytic activity. Moreover, NPV-treated rats showed a reduction of edema in type 4 hypersensitivity reactions. The results indicated that NPV had immunomodulatory effects, and therefore, NPV could be considered a functional food.

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Sangchai, Nuanchawee, and Saowanit Kanchanarat. "The Research and Development of Natural Color Batik Product in Community: Case Study in Namo Batik Group, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand." International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review 4, no. 2 (2009): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/cgp/v04i02/35576.

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Te-Chaniyom, Thanidtha, Alan F. Geater, Wandee Kongkaew, Usa Chethanond, and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong. "Goat farm management and Brucella serological test among goat keepers and livestock officers, 2011–2012, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand." One Health 2 (December 2016): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.08.001.

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