Academic literature on the topic 'Nail trim'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nail trim"
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Skiles, Beth A., Chris A. Boehm, Jessica L. Peveler, and Debra L. Hickman. "Evaluation of Treatment Options for Ulcerative Dermatitis in the P Rat." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 60, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000058.
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Rotational outbred adult rats, phenotypically selected to prefer drinking alcohol ("P" rats) frequently present with selfinflicted wounds and ulcerative dermatitis, similar to that seen in C57BL/6 mice. Historically, veterinary interventions used to address this clinical condition have included triple antibiotic ointment (TABO), Columbia wound powder (CPW), nail trims, or plastic tubes that allow affected animals to hide. More recent studies have suggested that nail trims are the most successful intervention in mice, but this has not been evaluated previously in rats. In this study, we evaluated nail trims in rats and also tested whether placing a pumice stone in the cage would reduce the need for nail trims to reduce self-inflicted wounds. Our hypothesis was that interacting with the pumice stone would dull/trim the rats' nails without causing stress or illness and allow the wounds time to heal. We used 66 P rats that were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (pumice stone, TABO, CWP, huts, nail trims, and an untreated control group) of 11 rats each. Rats were transferred to this study from a colony of experimentally naïve animals that had evidence of dermatitis. The wounds were photographed and measured for 12 wk at 2 wk intervals. At the end of the study, representative skin samples from the site of the wound were collected for histopathologic evaluation of inflammation. Our data showed no significant differences in the inflammation scores. The rats treated with nail trims healed significantly more often than did all of the other treatment groups. This suggests that nail trims are the most effective intervention for treating self-inflicted wounds in P rats.
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Davison, Steven E., Kathryn M. Emmer, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, and Leslie C. Sherwood. "Evaluation of topical oclacitinib and nail trimming as a treatment for murine ulcerative dermatitis in laboratory mice." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): e0276333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276333.
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Murine ulcerative dermatitis (UD) is a common, multifactorial skin disease of C57BL/6 and C57BL/6-background strains of mice. Many treatment options have been previously reported but have been variably successful and may interfere with specific research studies. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as oclacitinib, have been used to treat allergic dermatitis in humans, dogs, and other species. Additionally, topical oclacitinib was shown to improve an induced model of dermatitis in mice. We hypothesized that topical application of oclacitinib in conjunction with hind limb nail trimming would improve UD lesion scores more than our institutional standard treatment regime using meloxicam, topical antibiotic ointment, and nail trimming or nail trimming alone. To test this, mice with naturally occurring UD were recruited to the study and assigned to one of three treatment groups (n = 14/group): nail trim only; nail trim plus meloxicam and topical triple antibiotic ointment; or nail trim plus topical oclacitinib. UD was assessed on days 1, 7, and 14 for all treatment groups, and scored based on a previously published scoring system that quantitatively scored UD lesions based on pruritus, character of the lesion, size of lesion, and location of lesion. Here we found that mean UD scores decreased from day 1 to day 7 and from day 1 to day 14 for all treatment groups. However, there was no significant difference in mean UD score between the treatment groups at any timepoint. These data show that topical oclacitinib and nail trimming together improved UD lesion scores comparably to our institutional standard treatment and nail trimming alone. However, further studies may be warranted to investigate other potential applications of oclacitinib to treat UD.
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Shaw, Traci Elliott, Kenneth R. Harkin, Jerome Nietfeld, and Jared J. Gardner. "Aortic Body Tumor in Full-Sibling English Bulldogs." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 46, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0460366.
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A 10-year-old, neutered male English bulldog died acutely from respiratory distress after a short history of progressive dyspnea. Less than 2 months later, a spayed female full sibling of that dog died suddenly during a nail trim. An aortic body tumor was the cause of death in both dogs based on postmortem and histological examinations. A pheochromocytoma was also diagnosed in the neutered male. Neither dog had a history of brachycephalic airway syndrome, and the implication for a genetic predisposition toward the development of paraganglioma is discussed. This is the first case report of aortic body tumors in sibling dogs, although the condition may not be an uncommon phenomenon.
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Porter, Rebecca M., Albert A. Bravo, and Frances J. D. Smith. "Management of Plantar Keratodermas." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-043.
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Plantar keratodermas can arise due to a variety of genetically inherited mutations. The need to distinguish between different plantar keratoderma disorders is becoming increasingly apparent because there is evidence that they do not respond identically to treatment. Diagnosis can be aided by observation of other clinical manifestations, such as palmar keratoderma, more widespread hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, hair and nail dystrophies, or erythroderma. However, there are frequent cases of plantar keratoderma that occur in isolation. This review focuses on the rare autosomal dominant keratin disorder pachyonychia congenita, which presents with particularly painful plantar keratoderma for which there is no specific treatment. Typically, patients regularly trim/pare/file/grind their calluses and file/grind/clip their nails. Topical agents, including keratolytics (eg, salicylic acid, urea) and moisturizers, can provide limited benefit by softening the skin. For some patients, retinoids help to thin calluses but may lead to increased pain. This finding has stimulated a drive for alternative treatment options, from gene therapy to alternative nongenetic methods that focus on novel findings regarding the pathogenesis of pachyonychia congenita and the function of the underlying genes.
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Naraynsingh, Vijay, and Michael J. Ramdass. "Missile Injury by A Weed Wacker Resulting in a False Aneurysm of the Brachial Artery." Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 5, no. 1 (November 3, 2011): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874192401105010218.
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A novel now commonly used device in many countries called a “weed-wacker” is a mechanical rotating device with a cord used to trim lawns and grass. A case of a 14-year old boy with a false aneurysm of the brachial artery is presented; he sustained a missile injury by a piece of rusty steel projected by use of a weed wacker. Missile injuries by nail guns and bullets have been documented in the literature; however, this mechanism of injury by a weed-wacker has never been previously described and is presented as a unique mechanism of injury and brings attention the issue of safety with the use of the weed-wacker.
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Yadav, Khushbu, and Satyam Prakash. "Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Muslim community of Janakpurdham, Nepal." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v4i1.16383.
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Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infection is an important public health problem in Nepal because of its high morbidity and mortality. The distribution and prevalence of the various intestinal parasites species depend on social, geographical, economical and inhabitant customs. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the burden of intestinal parasitic infections and its relation with sanitary practices and socio-demographic characteristics in Muslim community of Janakpurdham, Nepal.Material and Methods: A total of 161 stool samples were collected in dry, clean and screw capped plastic container and were preserved with 10% formalin. The stool samples were examined by direct microscopy and confirmed by concentration methods. Modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining was performed for the detection of coccidian parasites. P- value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection was 63.35% (male = 57.84% vs. female = 42.15%) (p = 0.321). The positive cases of parasitic infection were found to be slightly higher in less than 10 years (35.29%) than others. Hookworm (10%) and G. lamblia (28%) infection was marginally higher than other helminthic and protozoan infection. The highest number of positive cases of parasitic infection was found in those who didn’t wash their hands before meal, defecates stool haphazardly in open area, didn’t wash their hands after toilet, didn’t trim their nail, in larger family, with low income and in housewives which was found to be statistically significant (p = <0.05).Conclusion: The health status was found poor among Nepalese Muslim people. Routine periodic screening of parasitic infection among people, changing behavior, public educations on improved personal and environmental hygiene are the fundamental principle in the control of infection.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 36-45
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Manyam, Bala V. "Keeping in Trim: Nailed Doc Docks Nails." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 256, no. 13 (October 3, 1986): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03380130054022.
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Divine, B. J. "Keeping in Trim: Nailed Doc Docks Nails-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 256, no. 13 (October 3, 1986): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03380130054023.
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Hogstedt, Christer. "Keeping in Trim: Nailed Doc Docks Nails-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 256, no. 13 (October 3, 1986): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03380130055024.
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Kanitakis, Jean, Palmina Petruzzo, Robert Baran, Aram Gazarian, Lionel Badet, and Emmanuel Morelon. "Nail changes in upper extremity allotransplantation: onychomadesis as the presenting sign of allograft rejection – a retrospective study." Transplant International 33, no. 10 (July 27, 2020): 1274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tri.13689.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Nail trim"
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Moreira, Millyane Magna Moura. "Os nomes do \'lado de baixo da linha do trem\': uma análise toponímica do Jardim Lapena, Vila Nair e Vila União, em São Miguel Paulista, São Paulo/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-05112015-144911/.
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Nesta dissertação, estudamos topônimos referentes a bairros paulistanos de ocupação recente (menos de cinquenta anos) no distrito de São Miguel Paulista, em São Paulo/SP. Nos bairros Jardim Lapena, Vila Nair e Vila União, buscamos analisar as políticas públicas relativas à nomeação de logradouros e a forma como a comunidade a recebe, além de identificar a origem desses topônimos, tanto os oficiais quanto os paralelos. Para isso, não realizamos a análise do modo tradicional (com base nas taxionomias toponímicas), mas entrevistamos oito pessoas idosas moradoras da região desde o início de sua ocupação e analisamos os conteúdos dessas entrevistas juntamente com outras fontes, como cartografia e legislação de diferentes épocas, de acordo com a metodologia do projeto Memória toponímica de São Paulo: bairro a bairro, no qual este trabalho se insere tematicamente. Também esteve presente em nossa análise o papel das lembranças dos velhos para a recuperação da memória toponímica da cidade e a problemática da delimitação dos bairros em São Paulo. Ao término da pesquisa, pudemos observar a importância dos antigos moradores dos bairros para o resgate de topônimos espontâneos que se perderam com o tempo. Oficiais ou não em outros tempos, esses logradouros foram posteriormente nomeados pelo poder público com antropotopônimos ou com topônimos originários do Banco de Nomes da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, em ambos os casos sem nenhuma consulta aos cidadãos moradores da localidade. Desse modo, os resultados dessa pesquisa apontam a urgente necessidade de se rediscutir as formas de nomeação de logradouros na cidade.In this dissertation, we study toponyms in neighborhoods of recent occupation (less than fifty years) in the district of São Miguel Paulista, São Paulo. In Jardim Lapena, Vila Nair, and Vila União neighborhoods, we aimed at analysing public policies concerning official naming of public places and how the community experiences it, as well as at identifying the origins of both official and parallel toponymy. To that end, we did not perform the analysis in the traditional way (based on toponymic taxonomies), but interviewed eight elderly people who have lived in the region since the beginning of its occupation and analysed the contents of these interviews as well as other sources, such as cartography and legislation from different eras, in accordance with the project methodology Memória toponímica de São Paulo: bairro a bairro, in which this work fits thematically. Our work also presented the role of the elderly reminiscences for the recovery of toponymic memory of the city as well as the problem of neighborhood delimitation in São Paulo. At the end of the study, we observed the importance of the neighborhood former residents to the retaking of spontaneous place names that have been lost over time. Official or not in the past, these public places were subsequently renamed by the government either with anthropotoponyms or with toponyms from the Banco de Nomes da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, in both cases without any consultation with the local resident citizens. Thus, the results of this research point to the urgent need to reconsider the ways of naming public places in the city.
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Kubášková, Barbora. "Horský hotel v Beskydech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226642.
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This thesis solves design of timber structure of mountain hotel in Beskydy. The hotel is two-storey building with residential attic and no cellar. The ground plan of the building is about 15x26 m and height of the building is 14,76 m. The type of roof timbers was chosen from two options. There was used structural timber of the strength class C24, glued laminated timber of the strength class GL24 and steel S235. Program Scia Engineer was used for the static analysis of the structure. There was made only linear calculation.
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Edwards, Petra Tamar. "Pet Friendly Practice: Emerging Evidence Bases for Investigating and Mitigating Dog Fear during Veterinary Care." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135565.
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Routine veterinary care is integral for companion dog welfare, although many dogs become fearful during their veterinary visits. This poses serious risk of injury to veterinary professionals, and severely inhibits accurate diagnoses as the physiological and behavioural signs of fear and distress can appear very similar to those of pain and illness. Guardians (owners) of dogs fearful of veterinary settings can also become stressed thinking about attending the clinic and may delay seeking help. While dog experience within the veterinary context is an emerging field, little is known about how the fear of the veterinary clinic develops, the efficacy of strategies recommended to reduce stress, or the attitudes of the veterinary industry themselves in implementing such strategies. This thesis used a combination of research methods and study designs to investigate these components of a dog’s veterinary experience. The findings of Chapter 2 indicate that fear of the veterinary clinic is widespread among the companion dog population. Up to 14% of dogs are reported to show severe or extreme fear when examined by the veterinarian from a global sample of 26,555 responses to the dog behaviour survey C-BARQ. Moreover, the demographics investigated in Chapter 2 contributed up to 7% of the variation of fear observed. That is, fear of the veterinarian likely develops from environmental and interaction-based factors. In Chapter 3, the behavioural and physiological responses of 35 healthy, privately owned dogs (of mixed sex, breed and age) undergoing a standardised physical examination in a mock veterinary setting were investigated. Dog heart rate increased significantly from baseline in the ‘consultation’ room, and also varied significantly across different steps within the physical examination. Similar results were observed for the same dogs undergoing another routine aspect of veterinary care – nail trims – in Chapter 4. Guardians reported nearly one third of dogs required nail trims two to five times per year, and the same proportion of dogs tested had also experienced a painful trim in the past. The behaviours and heart rate observed are likely to be much more extreme in a real veterinary clinic, and suggest routine aspects of care in healthy dogs may be stressful. Chapter 4 offers a novel contribution to the literature and highlights the scarcity of peer-reviewed evidence on common aspects of dog care, such as nail trims. However, focusing on the dog’s veterinary experience alone only addresses part of the issue. Chapter 5 explores the attitudes of veterinary professionals toward stress reducing veterinary care and the barriers to implementing such strategies in daily practice. Australian veterinary professional attitudes to stress reducing veterinary care are generally positive in nature, and one in five veterinary professionals who participated in the survey reported they had a stress reducing veterinary care certification. Yet many report work-related barriers to implementing stress reducing veterinary care in daily practice. Chapter 6 summarises the research findings within this thesis and provides critical considerations for future research for the continual improvement of companion dog welfare in the veterinary context.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2022
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Lu, Hsueh-Ning, and 呂學寧. "Corrosion Behavior of Equimolar AlCoCrFeNi Tri-Phase High-Entropy Alloy in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 3.5 wt% NaCl Aerated Aqueous Solutions." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5159047%22.&searchmode=basic.
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碩士國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系所
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This work investigates the corrosion behavior of annealed equimolar AlCoCrFeNi tri-phase high entropy alloy (HEA) in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 3.5 wt% NaCl aerated aqueous solution. Through homogenization annealing treatment at 1100℃, the micro-structure composed of nano-sized BCC particle and ordered B2 matrix for the as-cast has transformed into three-dimensioned plate wall BCC embedded in B2 matrix and interconnected grain boundary FCC. Compared with the as-cast, the corrosion resistance is improved, the passivate current density decreasing from 5.54 to 2.12 μA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and the corrosion current density decreasing from 7.26 to 0.55 μA/cm2 in 3.5 wt% NaCl. After polarization tests in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 3.5 wt% NaCl aeration solution at room temperature, the B2 matrix is preferentially corroded away while BCC and FCC phases are remained. Furthermore, in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, the stable passive current density is related to lower constant of solubility product ksp values of Co(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, and Cr(OH)3, while the annealing effect on enhancing corrosion resistance is ascribed to the more homogenized composition and then the more uniformity of the passive hydroxide film. In 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance enhancement is attributed to the annealing where the formation of 3-D plate walls composed of BCC in the matrix and FCC on the grain boundary complicate the corrosion path and then retards the penetration. The results of the study show that annealing does effectively improve the corrosion resistance.
Books on the topic "Nail trim"
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Publishing, Appaws. Pug Nail Trims Vet Journal. Independently Published, 2021.
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Book, Nails Fishing Log. Fishing Log Book Womens Eat Sleep Nails Repeat - Nail Technician Manicurist Graphic : Nails Gifts for Sister: Fishing Log and Trip Record Journal for All Serious Fishermen and Fishing Lovers / ... for Professional Fishermen - Size 6 X9 Inch,Hourly. Independently Published, 2022.
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Grass, David A. How To Trim Your Dog's...Nails! And Why You're Probably Dumber Than Your Dog. dagBOOKS, 2003.
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Pilchak, Angela M. Contemporary Musicians. Thomson Gale, 2006.
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Pilchak, Angela M. Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music (Contemporary Musicians). Thomson Gale, 2005.
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Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music (Contemporary Musicians). Thomson Gale, 2004.
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Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music (Contemporary Musicians). Thomson Gale, 2005.
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Pilchak, Angela M. Contemporary Musicians: Profiles Of The People In Music (Contemporary Musicians). Thomson Gale, 2005.
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Pilchak, Angela M. Contemporary Musicians. Thomson Gale, 2006.
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Contemporary Musicians: Profiles Of The People In Music (Contemporary Musicians). Thomson Gale, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nail trim"
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Young, Simon. "The Baby Picnic." In The Nail in the Skull and Other Victorian Urban Legends, 3–5. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496839473.003.0001.
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A legend concerning the folklore of families. Jokers exchange babies at a picnic and the families do not realize the prank until they have made the long trip home. The legend's possible roots in fairy traditions are established as are the legend's possible origins in Scotland.
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Gordon, Robert B. "Artisan-Entrepreneurs." In A Landscape Transformed. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128185.003.0008.
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The adventurers and colonial investors who initiated ironrnaking in the Salisbury district hired artisans to run bloomery forges and make products such as nails and hardware needed by settlers in the new lands. Within a few years artisan-proprietors began making these products in their own forges (see chap. 3). Then a new generation of entrepreneurs with both artisanal and managerial skills began making and selling sophisticated products to distant as well as local customers. New opportunities in the iron trade opened for them in the years before the Revolution. As they exploited these, they transformed the region’s ironmaking into a key component of the colonial industrial economy. In 1739 Richard Seymour, a Hartford smith, started ironmaking in East Canaan by building a bloomery forge on the Blackberry River. He smelted iron ore from the recently-opened mine at Ore Hill and forged products needed by the area’s settlers. A few years later he took on John Forbes, also a smith from Hartford, as a partner. Forbes’s sons, Samuel and Elisha, learned smithing from their father and the art of bloom smelting from Seymour. By 1760 they had transformed the business from one serving a local market to industrial production by expanding sales throughout southern New England and concentrating on specialized products such as sawmill gudgeons and cranks, gristmill spindles and rinds, clothiers’ screws for fulling mills, spindles for paper mills, screws for paper presses, gears, ship’s anchors weighing up to a thousand pounds, bellows pipes, logging chains, gun barrels, forge trip hammers, and nail rod. To meet the growing demand for their products, the Forbes brothers built a second bloomery forge in Canaan in 1759 and another in Norfolk in 1760; in 1761 they purchased a share in the Chatfield ore bed near Ore Hill, first opened in 1740. In 1760 they were selling forgings and mill machinery to customers throughout southern New England. They joined Allen and Hazeltine in building the region’s first blast furnace, opened a general store in East Canaan, and built grist and cider mills.
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Öhrström, Lars. "War and Vanity." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0018.
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In my childhood, visits to Gothenburg would always include a long (it seemed at the time) tram ride with my mother, from the centre of town to the north-eastern districts, past the old, red brick, ball-bearing factory of SKF to the vast Kviberg Cemetery to put flowers on my grandmother’s grave. I never ventured on any longer excursions among the neat flower-decorated graves on these well-kept lawns, but had I done so I would perhaps have discovered a different, more uniform, part of the cemetery that relatives seldom visited: the war graves. War graves form a somewhat unexpected discovery in the suburbs of a country that was neutral in both world wars, but there it is. Among the mostly German, American, and British graves we find, in the Commonwealth section, that of Arthur Cownden who, at 17, was probably the youngest to be buried there. He was boy telegraphist on a Royal Navy destroyer, and on the morning of 1 June 1916 his body was washed ashore close to the small fishing village of Fiskebäckskil on the Swedish west coast. His ship, the HMS Shark , was one of many British losses during the preceding day’s Battle of Jutland—the only clash between the main forces of the Royal Navy and the German Hochseeflotte during World War I. By all accounts this was a terrible battle, with loss of lives in the thousands on both sides, and one of the largest naval battles ever fought. The Battle of Jutland remains somewhat controversial for two reasons: the enduring argument between the two British commanders, David Beatty and his superior John Jellicoe, and the purported role of the Royal Navy’s smokeless gunpowder cordite in the sinking of a number of its own ships. We have no business with naval tactics, but the cordite question is related to one of the lesser-known supply problems of World War I, that of acetone. You may be familiar with this molecule as nail varnish remover, but perhaps you also know the disastrous effect it has on the glossy surface of cars.
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"4THE PSYCH IA TRIC EX A M IN A T IO N OF CH ILD R EN W IT H EMO TIO NAL AND BEH AVIOU RA L D IFFIC ULT IE S." In The Management of Children with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 70–90. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315681481-12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Nail trim"
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Owen, B. A., and W. G. Owen. "ASSOCIATION OF HEPARIN AND FACTOR Xa: INFLUENCE ON THE RATE OF INHIBITION OF FACTOR Xa BY ANTITHROMBIN III-HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643837.
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Association of heparin non-covalently with bovine factor Xa was analyzed by Superose-12 gel chromatography. In 0.05 M NaCl, 0.02 M Tris, pH 7.5, DEGR-Xa (factor Xa inactivated by dans-Glu-Gly-Arg-CH2Cl) was eluted as a single, sharp peak at Ve/Vt=0-65 (elution volume/internal volume). Mixtures of heparin and DEGR-Xa were eluted as two partially resolved peaks of protein at Ve/Vt=0.59 and 0.65. The fraction of DEGFUXa in the leading peak was directly proportional to [heparin], and at 100 yM heparin the leading peak contained more than half the total protein. When 0.02 M HEPES was substituted for Tris a single, slightly broadened peak at Ve/Vt=0.64 was obtained on chromatography of 100 μM heparin and 10 μM DEGR-Xa. In a buffer system comprising 0.02 M Tris, 0.02 M HEPES, 0.03 M NaCl, pH 7.5, two peaks were eluted at Ve/Vt=0.59 and 0.65. Therefore, Tris increases the affinity of DEGR-Xa for heparin.Solutions buffered with Tris or HEPES were compared for effects on the kinetics of inhibition of factor Xa by antithrombin III-heparin. Reaction mixtures containing 1 nM factor Xa, 30 nM heparin and 600 nM antithrombin III were assayed with S-2222 at intervals of 2-10 sec. Reagent concentrations were chosen (a) to assure pseudo-first-order kinetics, (b) to have [heparin]<< Kq for factor Xa-heparin, and (c) to bind virtually all available heparin to antithrombin III. The same second-order rate constant, Kobs=2.5×107 M−1s−1, was obtained in both buffer systems. We conclude that the association of factor Xa with heparin observed directly by gel chromatography does not contribute to the reaction rate of factor Xa with antithrombin III-heparin.
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Latallo, Zbigniew S., and Craig M. Jackson. "INHIBITION OF HUMAN FACTOR Xa BY ITS ACTIVATOR FROM RUSSELL’ S VIPER VENOM." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643295.
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In contrast to bovine Factor Xa, human Factor Xa is inhibited by its activator from Russell’ s viper venom (X-CP). This inhibition occurs only in the presence of Ca ions. When Xa activity is measured using chromogenic substrates at pH 7.8, inhibition is more apparent at 37° C than 25° C, but can be reduced to nearly zero at high NaCl concentration. The extent of inhibition depends on the source of X-CP. X-CP isolated from Vipera russelli siamensis, which activates human Factor X with a K = 0.0187 ptt and Vmax of 5.26 x 10’ 11 M’ s-1 ([X-CP] 0.15 nM, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 5mM CaCl2, 0.1% PEG, pH 7.8, 25° C) inhibits the Factor Xa about twice as effectively as X-CP from Vipera russelli russelli for which the human Factor X activation rate is about half that observed with V. russelli siamensis. The inhibition is of a mixed type and results in doubling the apparent Km value and decreasing V by 20%. By fitting of the hyperbolic, mixed inhibition modelwhere E is human Xa, I is V. russellii siamensis X-CP, S is Cyclohexylglycyl-glycyl-arginine p-NA, the following values were calculated Km = 120 /xM, k, = 250 s’ 1, K. = 1.0 x 10"8, a = 2.0 and p = 0.82, (0.22 nM Xa, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 5 mM CaCl2 0.1% PEG pH 7.8, 25° C). Activation of human prothrombin by human Factor Xa as well as inhibition of the latter by antithrombin III are similarly affected by the binding of X-CP in the presence of Ca . X-CP binding to human Xa may explain some of the enigmatic differences in functional properties of bovine and human Factor Xa preparations.Supported by a Matching Grant from the American National Red Cross and by the S.E. Michigan Red Cross Blood Service
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McIntosh, R. V., N. Docherty, D. Fleming, and P. R. Foster. "A HIGH-YIELD FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE SUITABLE FOR ADVANCED HEAT TREATMENT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643918.
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The heat treatment of Factor VIII concentrates in the freeze-dried state has been widely adopted to inactivate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which may be present. However, the degree of heating that can be applied has been limited by adverse effects on product yield and quality (eg.solubility).The established SNBTS product (1) can be heated for up to 2 hours at 68°C in the absence of stabiliser and for up to 24 hours at 68°C in the presence of 2% sucrose.These conditions are believed to inactivate HIV but are not considered sufficient to destroy the hepatitis viruses.Therefore, a new product has been developed which can be heated more severely (eg.80°C for 72 hours) with the objective of destroying all potential viral contaminants while retaining good product solubility and a yield consistent with the maintenance of national self-sufficiency.The process combines Zn++ precipitation of cryoprecipitate (2) and Ca++ stabilisation of VIII:C (2,3) with developments in extraction, adsorption, formulation, freezing and freeze drying.Cryoprecipitate is extracted in an equal volume of tris buffer; further purification is achieved by precipitation with cold zinc acetate and adsorption with Al(OH)3.The supernatant solution is stabilised by adding Na3 citrate, CaC12, NaCl and sucrose; then concentrated and diafiltered to a final formulation of 20mM tris, 130mM NaCl, 30mM Na3 citrate, 4mM CaC12 and 3% sucrose.The product is dispensed at 15ml (VIII:C 20iu/ml) for reconstitution in 20ml.A critical part of the process is a special 2-stage freezing procedure where the product is supercooled to -5°C before freezing to -50°C. Sublimation is completed with the product temperature held below -30°C at a pressure of 0.08 - O.10mbar.This process has been carried out at full-scale (750 litres plasma) giving a readily soluble, improved, intermediate -purity product with an VIII:C yield of 300iu/litre plasma after heat treatment.
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Saundry, R. H., P. Kopp, and G. F. Savidge. "THE INTERACTION OF THE FACTOR VIII/vWF COMPLEX WITH IMMOBILISED METAL AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY (IMAC) MATRICES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644046.
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1MAC principles were used to investigate the binding of Factor VIII/vWF from either Al(OH)3 - absorbed citrated PPP or cryoprecipitate using citrate-saline buffers. Factor VIII/ vWF showed high affinity for both Zn2+ - or Cu2+ - immobilised on biscarboxymethylaminoSepharose 4B at ambient room temperature, but no interaction with Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ or Cd2+ - immobilised matrices.Factor VIII/vWF could be re-eluted as a single component from Zn2+ - columns using either decreasing pK, or increasing competitor ligandconcentrations. In pK gradients comprising 14mM citrate, 2.14mM CaCl2, 0.15m NaCl Factor VIII eluted at pH 6.50, whereas in pH gradients comprising 0.1m Tris, 2.5mM CaCl2 pH 7.5 and 0.1M succinate, 2.5mM CaCl2 pH 5.5 Factor VIII eluted at pH 6.06. Citrate behaves as a competitor ligand; at 4° in citrate buffer Factor VIII did not bind.In citrate-saline buffers pH 7.2 Factor VIII could be reeluted in high yield (100% Factor VIII:Ag; 70% VIII:C; 90% vWF:Ag) through application of linear competitor ligand gradients (at 11.5mM imidazole, 15.4mM dl-Eistidine, 45mM L-Lysine, or 1.7% BSA) , whereas 1.0M NaCl or 1.0M NH4Cl were ineffective. The Factor VIII activities co-eluted ahead of, but incompletely resolved from the re-eluted Fg and Fn. If 5 mg/ml. BSA was incorporated into the buffers Factor VIII was quantitatively recovered in the column wash - through fractions leaving all the Fg and Fn bound to the matrix.
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Latallo, Zbigniew S., and Craig M. Jackson. "HUMAN MEIZOTHROMBIN 1, ITS ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644661.
Full textAbstract:
Meizothrombin (MT) and meizothrombin des Fragment 1 (MT1) are intermediates in the conversion of prothrombin to α-thrombin (αTH). Due to their transient character, properties of these enzymes are difficult to establish. Isolation of MT1 was achieved by affinity chromatography on D-Phe-Pro-Arginal (FPRal)immobilized on Affi-Gel 10 as originally employed for thrombin purification (Patel et al. Biochim.Biophys. Acta 748,321 (1983)). Human prethrombin 1 was activated with the purified activator from Echis carinatus venom in the presence of Ca++;, benzamidine and FPRal gel at pH 7.8. After exhaustive washing the MT1 was eluted with 0.1 M hydroxylamine in 0.15 M Na acetate buffer, pH 5.5. Under these conditions the MT1 is stable and can bestored at -70°C. Upon changing the pH of the preparation to 8.0, complete conversion into aTH occurred atroom temperature within 48 hours. Homogeneity of both preparations wasdemonstrated by PAGE. The Km and ke, values for MT1 measured on Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg pNA(0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 0.1% PEG, pH 7.8, 25°C) were 15.7 /iM and 126 s-1. The kinetic con stants for the aTH resulting from autocatalytic degradation of MT1 were indistinguishable from those previously established forαTH obtained by Xa activation i.e. 4.77 /μM and 126 s-1. Clotting activity of MT1 was found to be only one fifth as high as that of the resulting μTH(746 u/mg vs. 3900 u/mg as tested using the NIH standard) .Inhibitionof MTl by antithrombin III was alsomuch less rapid than αTH andmost importantly, it was not affected by high affinity heparin( Mr20,300). Under conditions of the experiment (0.3 M NaCl, 0.0rl M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 2.5 mM EDTA, 0.1% PEG, pH 7.8, 25°C; [ATIII] 100 nM, [E] 10 nM), the pseudo first order rate constants in the absence of heparin were 4.04 × 10-3V1 (MTl) and 1.13 × 10-3V1 (αTH), giving apparent second order rate constants of 4.04 × 103 and 1.13 × 10-4M-1s-1. In the presence of 4.5 nM of heparin the observed first order rate constant for MTl remained unchanged whereas it increased to 6.241 × 10-3s-1 (5.5 fold) for αTH. This apparent lack of an effect of heparin may be of significance in vivo.Supported by a Matching Grant from the American National Red Cross and by the Southeastern Michigan Blood Service.
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Kodama, K., O. Larm, P. Olsson, B. Pasehe, J. Risenfeldt, and J. Swedenborg. "ANTITHROMBIN III BINDING TO IMMOBILIZED HEPARIN FRAGMENTS AND ITS RELATION TO F XA INHIBITION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643091.
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Covalent end-point attachment of heparin fragments (8 000 daltons) to artitifical materials results as published before in a highly thromboresistant surface. Approximately one out of six bonded fragments carry the antithrombin III (AT) binding sequence. i.e. the high affinity site. With regard to thrombin inhibition the heparin surface resembles the endothelium. The present work deals with the uptake on the immobilized heparin and its significance for F Xa inhibition. The uptake of AT was studied at 0.15 M and 0.35 M NaCl concentration (TRIS buffer, pH 7.4) respectively and determined as disappearance of AT activity in the exposed solutions. Large amounts were adsorbed at 0.15 M and the uptake was both concentration and time dependent. At 0.35 M the uptake was the same at all the tested AT concentrations: 5 pico-moles/square cm. It was deduced that mainly high affinity sites had taken up AT at 0.35 M and that both high and low affinity sites had taken up AT at 0.15 M.The non-AT-adsorbed heparin surface did not induce inhibition of F Xa (in TRIS buffer solution) after exposure. The surface AT-adsorbed at 0.15 M induced F Xa inhibition with the same rate in several consecutive exposed aliquots. The surface AT-adsorbed at 0.35 M had a lower inhibitory capacity and only the first F Xa aliquot was inhibited at the same rate as on the surface AT-adsorbed at 0.15 M. The inhibition rate for a second aliquot was slowlier due to the facts that AT had been consumed and that the density of AT on high affinity sites had decreased. It is concluded that AT on high affinity sites determines the rate at which F Xa is inhibited whereas the amount of AT on low affinity sites determines the inhibitory capacity by continously providing the high affinity sites with AT. The migration of AT must take place horizontally in the 100-200 A thick surface layer and may mimic events happening on a cellular membrane with binding sites of different classes for a substance.
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Saundry, R. H., S. Khumprayoon, and G. F. Savidge. "THE IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL FACTOR X ACTIVATOR ACTIVITY IN Mg2+ - ANTICOAGULATED PLASMA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643293.
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Mg2+ anticoagulated PPP (20mM MgCl2) was applied at RT to a Zn2+ immobilised biscarboxymethylamino Sepharose 4B column and eluted with 20mM Tris, 20mM MgCl2, 2.5mM CaCl2 0.15M NaCl buffer pH 7.4. Following collection of the wash-through fractions, bound proteins were developed through application of linear (0 to 35mM) imidazole gradients.All fractions were screened for F.II, V, IX, X, vWF:Ag, Protein C, Fg, Fn and 2-macroglobulin by ELISA, VIII:Ag by IRMA, and VIII:C by both 1-stage and 2-stage bioassay methods. VIIIrAg (60-90% yield), vWF:Ag (100%), VIII:C 1-stage activity (35%), Fn (> 60%), Fg (> 80%), V (50%) and a2-macroglobulin (> 70%) were located only in the gradient fractions. Two distinct peaks demonstrated shortening of the 2-stage VIII:C assay:- one co-eluting with the 1-stage VIII:C activity and another major peak in the wash-through fractions where antigenic determinants of F.II, IX, X and part of the protein C were located and partially resolved from each other. Only F.II.-Ag co-eluted with the “ 2-stage VIII:C” activity. Similar observations were found in Mg2+ -anticoagulated severe Haemophilia A plasma and in citrated PPP developed with 20mM MgCl2, 20mM Tris buffer. A1(0H)3 treatment abolished the activity from citrate -, but not from Mg2+ -anticoagulated plasma.The relevant fractions showed no activities in F.V, VII, VIII:C, IX or X 1-stage bioassays. They did not clot Fg and did not contain detectable Xa or Ila as assessed by S-2222, S-2238 or S-2288. Following incubation with specific antisera against IgG, II, V, VII:Ag, X, protein C, a- and g- lipoproteins, and plasminogen only anti-II inhibited this "2-stage VIII:C" activity. 2-stage VIII:C assays depend upon Ca2+ -dependent generation of Xa. Since the activity in the wash-through fractions could not be ascribed to VIII, Xa, or Ila the results would indicate the presence of a hitherto undescribed Factor X activator activity.
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Schick, B. P., C. J. Walsh, and T. Jenkins-West. "CHANGES IN PROTEOGLYCAN AND SULFATED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644620.
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We investigated changes in sulfated proteoglycan (PG) and sulfated protein synthesis during megakaryocyte (MK) maturation in vivo by characterizing the (35S)-labeled molecules in MKs and platelets (PLTs) obtained daily from 3 hr to 5 days after injection of guinea pigs with (35S)sulfate. Radioactivity in macromolecules was maximal in MKs 3 hr and in PLTs 3 days after the injection. The cells were solubilized in 8M urea/50mM Tris/0.2% Triton X-100/0.1M NaCl, and PGs and sulfoproteins were separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. PGs (65% of cell 35s) were eluted as two fractions, one (PG-1, 87%) with 4M Gdn HC1 and another (PG-2, 13%) with 4M Gdn HCl/2% TX-100. The Kav of PLT PG-1 on Sepharose CL-6B shifted gradually from 0.18 to 0.10 from 1-5 days after (35S) injection, and the smaller and larger PG-1 species were resolved on SDS-PAGE by fluorography. The size of PG-1 molecules was a function of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain length. The appearance of the different size PG-1 molecules in PLTs was accounted for by their disappearance from MKs over the same time period. Thus the size of the PG-1 synthesized by MKs decreased with MK maturation. The (35S)-PG-2 appeared in PLTs only 2-3 days after (35S) injection, had Kav 0.07 on CL-6B, but had GAGs of the same average size as those of PG-1. The hydrophobic character of PG-2 suggests that it might be the membrane PG. PG-1 and PG-2 were separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by fluorography. The core proteins of PG-1 and PG-2 were obtained by chondroitinase digestion and identified by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. The GAGs of PG-1 and PG-2 were almost entirely chondroitin-6-sulfate. The average size of PG-1 was 200,000 and its GAGs about 45,000.The sulfated proteins (20-25% of total cell 35S) eluted in the wash-through of the DEAE-Sephacel column and with 0.23M NaCl. Their isoelectric points were 4.0-6.5. They eluted as a small peak near the V0 and a major broad peak from Kav 0.3-0.6 on CL-6B columns, and could be identified as at least 8 distinct bands on SDS-PAGE by fluorography. Digestion with NaOH/NaBH4, Pronase or papain released small (35S)-labeled fragments, and the (35S) appeared to be associated with oligosaccharides. The sulfoproteins appeared in PLTs primarily 2-4 days after (35S) injection, and different proteins were labeled at different time points.
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Bezeaud, A., and M. C. Guillin. "FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN β-THROMBIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644665.
Full textAbstract:
Autolysis or tryptic hydrolysis converts β-thrombin (α-T) t β-thrombin ( β -T), and subsequently β-T to y-thrombin (γ-T). Human β-T differs from native α-T by the loss of a unique ll-re-sidues peptide arising from the B chain. Unlike its bovine counterpart, human β-Tisa transient intermediate and its enzymatic properties had not yet been investigated using purified materiaL After 3 min incubation of human β-T with trypsin-sepharose, the resulting β-T was separated from α- and γ-T by chromatography on Biorex 70 with a gradient from 10 mM to 500 mM phosphate at pH 8. No major differences were found between human α- and β-T regarding the kinetic parameters (Km, kcat, kcat/Km) on S 2238, nor the rate of inactivation by TLCK. In contrast, inhibition of β-T by DFP was slower (k = 426 ±[; 10.8 M-1 min−1) compared to α-T (764.5 ± 19.5 M−11min−1and the inhibition constant for benzami-dine was higher with β-T (Ki = 11.2 ± x00B1;.2 10−4 M) compared to α-T (Ki = 2.86± 0,06 10−4 M). The drastic reduction in the clotting activity of β-T (25 u mg−1 versus 3000 u mg−1 for α-T) was further explored by measuring the affinity of β-T for fibrinogen and fibrin. Human fibrinogen was used as a competitor in the inactivation of thrombin by DFP : 10 μM fibrinogen prevented the inhibition of α-T by DFP but failed to modify the inactivation rate of α-T. Binding of thrombin to fibrin was studied using fibrin monomers covalently linked to sepharose 4B, equilibrated in 50mM Tris, pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl : β -T did not bind to the resin, whereas α-T was retained and eluted upon application of a NaCl gradient.In conclusion, the loss of the peptide extending from lie (63) to Arg (73) in the thrombin B chain is responsiblefor multiple defects in thrombin enzymatic activity. Although, the three active site residues Ser (205), His (43), Asp (99) remain in an active configuration, subtle changes are induced in the microenvironment of the catalytic Ser (205), and in particular, in the primary binding pocket. In addition, the results presented in this study indicate thatthe loss of clotting activity is mainly the result of a decreased affinity for fibrinogen and fibrin, suggesting that the structural changesaffect both the fibrinopeptide groove and the anionic binding site involved in fibrinogen/fibrin recognition.
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Sakuragawa, N., T. Shimotori, and K. Takahashi. "COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON ANTITHROMBIN III AFFINITY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN AND UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644365.
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Purpose: Low molecular weight(LMW)heparin shows stronger antifactor Xa(F-Xa) and weaker anti-thrombin(TH) activities compared with unfractionated(UF) heparin, and shows less bleeding tendency in the cases of clinical use. These characteristics were surmised to be depend on antithrombin III(AT-III) affinity of the heparin. Materials and methods: LMW heparin(Kabi and Pharmuka), UF heparin (Novo) and heparin cofactor II(HC-II) purified by our method were used. AT-III affinity column chromatography with 0.1 M Tris-buffer (pH 7.4)-NaCl 0.02 to 2.5 M linear gradient was performed. From the point of AT-III affinity strength, non-affinity(Na), low affinity (La) and high affinity(Ha) were separated, and aPTT, anti-F-Xa and anti-TH activities were assayed on each fractions. HC-II was assayed by biological activity.Results: (1) Kabi-LMW heparin; Na 34.5%, La 39.3%, Ha 26.2%, Pharmuka-LMW heparin; Na 58.0%, La 24.1%, Ha 17.3%. Novo; Na 0%, La 50%, Ha 50%. (2) APTT; Na showed no effect, but Ha showed the strongest prolonging effects on aPTTs even having less amount of uronic acid, and more prominent effects were observed in UF(Novo)-heparin than LMW heparins. (3) La showed higher activity of anti-F-Xa and anti-TH activities than Ha. (4) Anti-TH activity of AT-III was observed in both fractions of La and Ha, but that of HC-II was observed in each fractions including Na.Conclusion: It was surmised that the differences of the characteristics between LMW heparin and UF heparin were depend on to the strength of AT-III. The different characteristics of HC-II from AT-III to anti-TH were observed and surmised to be depend on the binding ability to the fractions.